Roe deer - Knowledge

1049: 966:) and from there soon spread into Surrey, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Hampshire, and Dorset, and for the first half of the 20th century, most roe deer in Southern England were to be found in these counties. By the end of the 20th century, they had repopulated much of southern England and had expanded into Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, Lincolnshire and South Yorkshire, and had even spread into Wales from the Ludlow area where an isolated population had appeared. At the same time, the surviving population in Scotland and the Lake District had pushed further south beyond Yorkshire and Lancashire and into Derbyshire and Humberside. 42: 56: 831: 855: 107: 643: 82: 243: 1065:, including open agricultural areas and above the tree line, but a requisite factor is access to food and cover. It retreats to dense woodland, especially among conifers, or bramble scrub when it must rest, but it is very opportunistic and a hedgerow may be good enough. Roe deer in the southern Czech Republic live in almost completely open agricultural land. The animal is more likely to be spotted in places with nearby forests to retreat to. A 1114: 847: 839: 893:-like fur which disappears later on after the hair's blood supply is lost. Males may speed up the process by rubbing their antlers on trees, so that their antlers are hard and stiff for the duels during the mating season. Unlike most cervids, roe deer begin regrowing antlers almost immediately after they are shed. In rare cases, some bucks possess only a single antler branch, the result of a genetic defect. 1131: 1105:(breeding season) in July and August. Initially the female goes looking for a mate and commonly lures the buck back into her territory before mating. The roe deer is territorial, and while the territories of a male and a female might overlap, other roe deer of the same sex are excluded unless they are the doe's offspring of that year. 1314:, 10.8–10 thousand years ago, it appears to have disappeared again from this region. It reappeared 9.7–9.5 thousand years ago, reaching northern central Europe. The modern population in this area appears to have recolonised it from the Carpathians and/or further east, but not the Balkans or other refugia. This is opposite to the 1143:(3.3–9.8 ft) in diameter. In 1956 it was speculated based on some field evidence that they choose where to form rings around plants with ergot mould, but this has not been substantiated further. Males may also use their antlers to shovel around fallen foliage and soil as a way of attracting a mate. Roebucks enter rutting 1242:. Frozen roe venison should not be stored longer than 10 to 12 months at −25 °C (−13 °F) to maintain a high quality. Storage time and quality can decrease if the bullet has travelled through the digestive tract and contaminated the meat. The meat, like most game meat, is darker in colour than most farmed meat. 1100:

When alarmed it will bark a sound much like a dog and flash out its white rump patch. Rump patches differ between the sexes, with the white rump patches heart-shaped on females and kidney-shaped on males. Males may also bark or make a low grunting noise. Does (the females) make a high-pitched "pheep"

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in County Sligo in Ireland around 1870 by Sir Henry Gore-Booth. The Lissadell roe deer were noted for their occasional abnormal antlers and survived in that general area for about 50 years before they died out. According to the National Biodiversity Data Centre, in 2014 there was a confirmed sighting

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The roe deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of 95–135 cm (3 ft 1 in – 4 ft 5 in) throughout its range, and a shoulder height of 63–67 cm (2 ft 1 in – 2 ft 2 in), and a weight of 15–35 kg (35–75 lb). Populations from

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22% of the animals around Moscow carry the mtDNA of the European roe deer and 78% of the Siberian. In the Volgograd region, the European roe deer predominates. In the Stavropol and Dnipropetrovsk regions of Ukraine, most of the deer are Siberian roe deer. In northeastern Poland there is also evidence

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usually give birth the following June, after a 10-month gestation period, typically to two spotted fawns of opposite sexes. The fawns remain hidden in long grass from predators; they are suckled by their mother several times a day for around three months. Young female roe deer can begin to reproduce

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of great economic value in Europe, providing large amounts of meat and earning millions of euros in sport hunting. In 1998, some 2,500,000 roe deer were shot per year in Western Europe. In Germany alone, 700,000 were shot a year in the 1990s. This is insufficient to slow down the population growth,

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Population structure is modified by available nutrition, where populations are irrupting there are few animals over six years old. Where populations are stagnant or moribund, there is huge fawn mortality and a large part of the population is over seven years old. Mortality is highest in the first

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the roe deer was mostly confined to the hilly regions in the east, but like in neighbouring countries the population has expanded in recent times. A theory is that the expansion of maize cultivation, which are higher than traditional crops and afford more shelter, has aided their expansion to the

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In the Netherlands, roe deer were extirpated from the entirety of the country except for two small areas around 1875. As new forests were planted in the country in the 20th century, the population began to expand rapidly. Although it was a protected species in 1950, the population is no longer

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In the 1970s, the species was still completely absent from Wales. Roe deer can now be found in most of rural England except for southeast Kent and parts of Wales; anywhere in the UK mainland suitable for roe deer may have a population. Not being a species that needs large areas of woodland to

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In England and Wales, roe deer have experienced a substantial expansion in their range in the latter half of the 20th century and continuing into the 21st century. This increase in population also appears to be affecting woodland ecosystems. At the start of the 20th century, they were almost

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roe deer males clash over territory in early summer and mate in early autumn. During courtship, when the males chase the females, they often flatten the underbrush, leaving behind areas of the forest in the shape of a circle or figure eight called 'roe rings'. These tend to be 1–3 m

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As of 2008 over 3,000 fossil specimens of this species have been recovered from Europe, which affords a good set of data to elucidate the prehistoric distribution. The distribution of the European species has fluctuated often since entering Europe. During the some periods during the

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Martin, J.; Vourc’h, G.; Bonnot, N.; Cargnelutti, B.; Chaval, Y.; Lourtet, B.; Goulard, M.; Hoch, T.; Plantard, O.; Hewison, A. J. M. & Morellet, N. (2018). "Temporal shifts in landscape connectivity for an ecosystem engineer, the roe deer, across a multiple-use landscape".

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It feeds mainly on grass, leaves, berries, and young shoots. It particularly likes very young, tender grass with a high moisture content, i.e., grass that has received rain the day before. Roe deer will generally not venture into a field that has or has had livestock in it.

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are larger on average growing to 145 cm (4 ft 9 in) in length and 85 cm (2 ft 9 in) at shoulder height, with body weights of up to 60 kg (130 lb), with the populations becoming smaller again further east in the

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where their distributions meet, and there is now a broad 'hybridization zone' running from the right side of the Volga River up to eastern Poland. It is extremely difficult for hunters to know which species they have bagged. In line with

589:, it has been used by other authors before him. Nonetheless, his publication is seen as taxonomically acceptable. He was generally ignored until the 20th century, most 19th-century works having continued to follow Linnaeus. 1325:

the two species of roe deer were kept apart due to hunting pressure and an abundance of predators; the different species may have met in the period just before that, and yet, during the Ice Age they were also kept apart.

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regions. In healthy populations, where population density is restricted by hunting or predators, bucks are slightly larger than does. Under other conditions, males can be similar in size to females, or slightly smaller.

954:, and a general warming climate over the past 200 years. Furthermore, there are no large predators in Britain. In some cases, roe deer have been introduced with human help. In 1884 roe deer were introduced from 1040:, with the first deer being released in 1996. 24 to 29 animals had been released by 2006. Some of the reintroduced animals were hand-reared and could be monitored by their responses to their keeper calls. 888:

Bucks in good conditions develop antlers up to 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long with two or three, rarely even four, points. When the male's antlers begin to regrow, they are covered in a thin layer of

1171:. It is extremely fecund and can double its population every year; it shows a retarded reaction to population density with females continuing to have a similar fecundity at high population densities. 1081:

period in Europe when farming humans began to colonise the continent from the Middle East, the roe deer was abundant, taking advantage of areas of forest or woodland cleared by Neolithic farmers.

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In 1991, a breeding colony of 27 roe deer coming from France, Hungary and Italy were brought in the Hai-Bar Carmel Reserve. A small number of this roe deer population has been reintroduced to the

962:, and these spread to populate most of Norfolk, Suffolk, and substantial parts of Cambridgeshire. In southern England, they started their expansion in Sussex (possibly from enclosed stock in 1816:; Shurkhal, A. V.; Danilkin, A. A.; Podogas, A.V.; Rakitskaya, T.A.; Markov, G.G. (1986). "A comparative analysis of electrophoretic spectra of blood and muscle tissue proteins of European ( 1024:

considered threatened and it has lost legal protection. As of 2016 there are some 110,000 roe deer in the country. The population is primarily kept in check through the efforts of hunters.

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Roe deer populations gradually become somewhat larger as one moves further to the east, peaking in Kazakhstan, then becoming smaller again towards the Pacific Ocean. The Soviet mammalogist

305:. The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. The species is widespread in Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, from Scotland to the 1360:, derived from 'to be red', is listed as the third species of animal that may be eaten. In most Bibles this word has usually been translated as 'roe deer', and it still means as much in 2915:

Ghoddousi, Arash; Bleyhl, Benjamin; Sichau, Clara; Ashayeri, Delaram; Moghadas, Peyman; Sepahvand, Pooriya; Hamidi, Amirhossein Kh; Soofi, Mahmood; Kuemmerle, Tobias (25 June 2020).

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was sometimes needed to birth the fawns, becoming larger than their mothers at the age of 4–5 months. F1 hybrid males may be sterile, but backcrosses with the females are possible.

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to show differences in the fractional protein content of the body tissues. Fawns, females and males make different noises between species. Alexander S. Graphodatsky looked at the

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Waxenberger, Gaby (2006). "The Yew-Rune and the Runes Haglaz, Gyfu, Ior, and Is in the Old English Corpus". In Stoklund, Marie; Nielsen, Michael Lerche; et al. (eds.).

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In the English language, this deer was originally simply called a 'roe', but over time the word 'roe' has become a qualifier, and it is now usually called 'roe deer'.

1274:, however, because the two extant species split from each other 1.375 and 2.75 Myr ago, and the western species first appeared in Europe 600 thousand years ago. 1318:, which recolonised Europe from Iberia. There has been much admixture of these populations where they meet, also possibly due to human intervention in some cases. 2063:

Lee, Yun Sun; Markov, Nickolay; Argunov, Alexander; Voloshina, Inna; Bayarlkhagva, Damdingiin; Kim, Baek-Jun; Min, Mi-Sook; Lee, Hang; Kim, Kyung Seok (2016).

728:) interpretation among a number of them. Two main specialists did not recognise these taxa and considered the species to be without subspecies in 2001. The 1970:

Vorobieva, N.V.; Sherbakov, D.Y.; Druzhkova, A.S.; Stanyon, R.; Tsybankov, A.A.; Vasil'ev, S.K.; Shunkov, M.V.; Trifonov, V.A.; Graphodatsky, A.S. (2011).

479:, was originally thought to refer to this species (in many European translations of the Bible), although it is now more often believed to refer to the 1156:

when they are around six months old. During the mating season, a male roe deer may mount the same doe several times over a duration of several hours.

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A roe deer can live up to 20 years, but it usually does not reach such an age. A normal life span in the wild is seven to eight years, or ten years.

978:, where in particular they favour cemeteries. In Wales, they are least common, but they are reasonably well established in Powys and Monmouthshire. 8457: 1175:

weeks after birth due to predation, or sometimes farm machinery; or in the first winter due to starvation or disease, with up to 90% mortality.

3189: 943:, but since then have hugely expanded their range, mostly due to restrictions and decrease in hunting, increases in forests and reductions in 8535: 8496: 1514:

Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I

8615: 2646: 3773: 3733: 3670:"1 Kings 4 23 Commentaries ten fat oxen, twenty pasture-fed oxen, a hundred sheep besides deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened fowl" 909:. In the Mediterranean region, it is largely confined to mountainous areas, and is absent or rare at low altitudes. There is an early 3086: 1772: 8431: 8470: 654: 2227: 3856: 8514: 3303: 2153: 8475: 607:

to present more evidence to recognise these Russian and Asian populations as a separate species, now renamed the eastern or

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have seen their populations increase, both around the 1930s. In recent times, since the 1960s, the two species have become

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habitats (such as forests) during the day. They are likelier to venture into more open habitats at night and during

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Youssefi, Mohammad Reza; Hoseini, Seyed Hossein; Mobedi, Iraj; Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad; Ekrami, Behrang (2014).

991: 232: 762:, and, counter-intuitively, the three species in this group, called the Capreolini, are most closely related to 8650: 2778:

English Nature Research Reports Number 548 Proceedings of the Future for Deer Conference 28 & 29 March 2003

2145: 1386:', and in other English Bible translations the word has been translated as a number of different species. When 2500:

Olano-Marin, Juanita; Plis, Kamila; Sönnichsen, L.; Borowik, T.; Niedziałkowska, M.; Jędrzejewska, B. (2014).

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Boyle, K. V. (2006). "The Roe Deer: Conservation of a Native Species". In Serjeantson, D.; Field, D. (eds.).

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roe deer were exceedingly rare in history, and they were regarded as national treasures or sacred animals in

1287: 1037: 422: 8625: 4997: 2853:"Evolution of population genetic structure of the British roe deer by natural and anthropogenic processes ( 1885: 1843: 1813: 1102: 593: 2967:

Karimi, Sorour; Hemami, Mahmoud-Reza; Esfahani, Mostafa Tarkesh; Baltzinger, Christophe (31 August 2020).

1921:"Reconstruction of the Putative Cervidae Ancestral Karyotype by Chromosome Painting of Siberian Roe Deer ( 1139: 8509: 8358: 8353: 1976:

Fossil DNA from Denisova Cave Reveals Phylogenetic Relationships between Ancient and Modern Populations"

8655: 4277: 3849: 2595: 1399: 619: 3164: 822:. In some cases, such as around Moscow, former introductions of European stock is likely responsible. 106: 7254: 4199: 4190: 3819: 1097:

periods when there is less ambient activity. It scrapes leaf litter off the ground to make a 'bed'.

8645: 7041: 1479: 1185: 41: 17: 1505: 497: 7690: 7083: 4979: 4120: 1791: 1394:, the King James Bible interpretation was chosen, despite the fallow deer being fallow, not red. 681: 468: 8579: 7203: 4639: 8635: 8462: 8283: 4741: 4447: 4366: 1015:

of roe deer in County Armagh. There have been other, unconfirmed, sightings in County Wicklow.

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Danilkin, A.; Plakhina, D.A.; Zvychaynaya, E. Y.; Domnich, A. V. (2017). "Siberian Roe Deer (

1739: 725: 211: 8566: 8335: 2969:"Endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores is mediated by germination conditions" 1390:

was reconstructed to serve as the language of the future Israel in late Ottoman and British

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in Iran, it is a poor disperser of plant seeds, despite consuming relatively more of them.

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Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R.; Giannatos, G. (2016).

487: 8231: 8222: 7594: 7534: 7516: 7498: 7444: 7417: 7408: 7032: 7014: 6948: 6641: 6367: 5844: 5835: 5554: 4988: 4456: 4268: 4250: 4129: 3509: 3484: 3458: 3439:"Irruptive potential in roe deer: Density-dependent effects on body mass and fertility" 3414: 3375: 3273: 3219: 3003: 2968: 2946: 2889: 2852: 2833: 2544: 2501: 2482: 2423: 2401: 2334: 2307: 2101: 2064: 2010: 1971: 1952: 1867: 1724: 1234:

in Europe. In the 2000s, there was growing interest among consumers in alternative and

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Gray, 1821) systematization: Morphological, ethological and hybridological analysis".

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Petrosian, V. G.; Tokarskaia, O. N.; Danilkin, A. A.; Ryskov, A. P. (June 2002). "".

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are fertile, while male hybrids are not. Hybrids are much larger than normal and a

578: 8371: 3128:"Hand-rearing Roe deer Capreolus capreolus : practice and research potential" 1759: 901:

The roe deer is found in most areas of Europe, with the exception of northernmost

8548: 7988: 7979: 7927: 7918: 7699: 6556: 6547: 6024: 5620: 4672: 4582: 4420: 4232: 4111: 4084: 4075: 3606: 2756: 2534: 2000: 1664: 1644:(in German). RUNES: Forshungsproject der Akadmeia der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen 1066: 1011: 959: 597: 476: 376: 8527: 8501: 2828: 2811: 854: 8418: 8405: 8188: 8126: 7756: 7747: 7272: 7221: 7142: 7133: 7074: 6912: 6614: 6436: 6427: 5982: 5949: 5931: 5419: 5229: 5104: 4943: 3931: 3903: 3759: 3206: 3188:

Wallach, Arian D.; Shanas, Uri; Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y.; Inbar, Moshe (July 2008).

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Sommer, R.S.; Fahlke, J. M.; Schmölcke, U.; Benecke, N.; Zachos, F. E. (2008).

1863: 1516:(in Latin) (10th ed.). Holmiæ (Stockholm): Laurentius Salvius. p. 78. 1070: 944: 881: 729: 600: 523: 339: 3834: 3829: 3362: 3345: 3269: 2671: 2478: 2389: 1919:

Dementyeva, P.V.; Trifonov, V.A.; Kulemzina, A.I.; Graphodatsky, A.S. (2010).

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appears to recognise the taxon, this work bases itself on a chapter by Lister

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Populations are increasing throughout Europe; it is considered a species of '

1311: 963: 890: 815: 430: 242: 228: 91: 86: 3647: 2163: 947:, changes in agriculture (more winter cereal crops), a massive reduction in 8207: 8176: 8066: 7738: 7552: 7480: 7353: 7296: 7287: 7005: 6939: 6701: 6659: 6574: 6385: 6105: 6096: 5958: 5889: 5778: 5769: 5511: 5280: 4961: 4916: 4883: 4654: 4546: 4513: 4429: 3633: 3558: 3533: 3518: 3215: 3012: 2898: 2553: 2397: 2343: 2110: 2019: 1948: 1454: 1409:

was originally a roe deer. When the story was adapted to the animated film

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Pallas, 1771) in Ukraine: Analysis of the Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA".

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Plakhina, D.A.; Zvychainaya, E.Yu.; Kholodova, M.V.; Danilkin, A. (2014).

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Roe deer are thought to have evolved from a species in the Eurasian genus

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Wallach, A.; Inbar, M.; Lambert, R.; Cohen, S.; Shanas, U. (July 2007).

1719: 1262:, which moved from the east to Central Europe over the millennia, where 8553: 8436: 7435: 7335: 7160: 6752: 6174: 6156: 5907: 5602: 5587: 5578: 5545: 5322: 5128: 5045: 5036: 4811: 4802: 4681: 4606: 4147: 3968: 3462: 2324: 1918: 868: 759: 662: 464: 426: 3532:

Daszkiewicz, Tomasz; Kubiak, Dorota; Panfil, Agata (18 October 2018).

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Neolithic wild game animals in Western Europe: The question of hunting

3190:"Ectoparasites on Reintroduced Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus in Israel" 2812:"Ecological impacts of increasing numbers of deer in British woodland" 2506:) and Evidence of Introgressive Hybridization with Siberian Roe Deer ( 2092: 1940: 1590: 8449: 8392: 8135: 8056: 7909: 7780: 7771: 7245: 6819: 6810: 6795: 6786: 6650: 6222: 6006: 5940: 5826: 5341: 5137: 4826: 4750: 4630: 4181: 4066: 4056: 3950: 3941: 2880: 2585: 1617: 1239: 1207: 1078: 970:

survive, urban roe deer are now a feature of several cities, notably

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Although roe deer were once classified as belonging to the Cervinae

396: 388: 380: 8397: 8300: 8044: 7672: 7344: 7056: 6894: 6834: 6499: 6198: 5730: 5675: 5563: 5392: 4868: 4859: 4723: 4597: 4347: 4223: 3919: 3897: 3885: 1315: 1211: 1197: 1113: 926: 767: 695:- A large-sized subspecies found in the region to the north of the 581:

in 1821, although he did not provide a proper description for this

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Ultrasonography of the uterine pregnancy of a roe deer in Bulgaria

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had recognised this as a separate species from 1985 already using

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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

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Valli, Andrea M. F. (1 February 2010). "Dispersion of the genus

3534:"The Effect of Long-Term Frozen Storage on the Quality of Meat ( 3395:"Timing and synchrony of birth in a hider species, the roe deer 2499: 332: 325: 8384: 8093: 7662: 7567: 7390: 7380: 6996: 6508: 6348: 6330: 6321: 6207: 6129: 6081: 6072: 5530: 5521: 5456: 5447: 5437: 5359: 4892: 4705: 4555: 3891: 3879: 1426: 1361: 914: 460: 148: 128: 3830:

A Roe Deer path with tracks through a Scottish pine plantation

3246: 2966: 2647:"Real-Life 'Unicorn' Found; Deer Has Extremely Rare Deformity" 1812: 1310:, 12.5–10.8 thousand years ago, but during the cooling of the 8117: 8075: 7650: 7320: 7311: 6605: 6532: 6523: 6454: 6183: 6138: 5997: 5922: 5802: 5793: 5304: 5295: 4787: 4778: 3987: 3978: 3482: 2914: 1563: 1411: 1294:(two refugia here), southern France, Italy (likely two), the 864: 803: 763: 582: 480: 453: 2308:"The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach" 2267: 2065:"Genetic diversity and phylogeography of Siberian roe deer, 1846:; Gromov, V.S. (1990). "The contemporary ideas on roe deer ( 7263: 6593: 6481: 6463: 6120: 5973: 5377: 5244: 5060: 4334: 4295: 3825:

Roe Deer photos, distribution and information from Portugal

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Pall.) roe deer hybrids by microsatellite marker analysis"

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Entry for Fallow-deer in the Illustrated Bible Dictionary

2062: 1700:. In Andersen, R.; Duncan, P.; Linnell, J. D. C. (eds.). 1698:"Taxonomy, morphology and evolution of European roe deer" 411: 3125: 1147:

during the July and August breeding season. Females are

301:. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a 5723: 3531: 6266: 3110:

Algemeen Dagblad; Hoera, daar ligt weer een dode otter

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Headhunting; the distribution of deer in Great Britain

1884: 1704:. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. pp. 23–46. 626:

in 1993. Populations of the roe deer from east of the

2421: 2186:"Evidence for separate specific status of European ( 518:, meaning 'billy goat', with the diminutive suffix - 3041:O’Rourke, Erin; Lysaght, Liam (22 September 2014). 1696:Lister, A. M.; Grubb, P.; Summer, S. R. M. (1998). 1374:) -it was still said to be a common species in the 736:recognised in 2005 two subspecies, but besides the 3121: 3119: 3117: 2587: 2198:Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 1792:"On the natural arrangement of Vertebrose Animals" 1568:. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1227:and the roe deer continues to increase in number. 1089:In order to mitigate risk, roe deer remain within 585:. Gray was not actually the first to use the name 3774:"Rare white roe deer spotted in NE China's Jilin" 2851:Baker, Karis H.; Hoelzel, A. Rus (January 2013). 2753:"Roe deer numbers 'changing woodland ecosystems'" 2502:"Weak Population Structure in European Roe Deer ( 1695: 1282:it was present in central Europe, but during the 8607: 3028:The Roe Deer: Their History, Habits, and Pursuit 2910: 2908: 2586:Macdonald, David W.; Barrett, Priscilla (1993). 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2301: 2299: 818:with the Siberian roe deer, which was likely an 711:, which only recognises the name as provisional. 3864: 3436: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3392: 3181: 3114: 3040: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2183: 565:the roe deer in the modern taxonomic system as 350: 3807:The Roe Deer: Conservation of a Native Species 3437:Andersen, Reidar; Linnell, John D. C. (2000). 3393:Linnell, John D. C.; Andersen, Reidar (1998). 3056:. National Biodiversity Data Centre. p. 6 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 1912: 1564:Wilson, Don E.; F. Russell Cole, eds. (2000). 1480:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42395A22161386.en 781:, which includes the deer from the New World. 740:form recognises the Spanish population as the 3850: 3613: 3242: 3240: 2962: 2960: 2905: 2775: 2621:"'Unicorn' deer is found in Italian preserve" 2560: 2417: 2415: 2296: 2270:"Quaternary history of the European roe deer 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 1963: 1842: 1702:The European roe deer: the biology of success 1669:. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 385–414. 1499: 1497: 858:Moulting roe buck with freshly rubbed antlers 709:The European roe deer: the biology of success 434: 3421: 3321:"Roe deer shenanigans at the Falls of Clyde" 3289: 3287: 3103: 2850: 2769: 2350: 2221: 2219: 2126: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1666:Runes and their secrets: Studies in Runology 1365: 1351: 634:to Korea are considered to be this species. 404: 2703: 2618: 2225: 2184:Hewison, A. J. M.; Danilkin, A. A. (2001). 2170: 1662: 1545:. United States Government. 17 January 2020 1061:This species can utilize a large number of 986:Roe deer are found in northern Iran in the 905:, Iceland, Ireland, and the islands of the 544: 536: 369: 3939: 3857: 3843: 3237: 3025: 2957: 2809: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2644: 2412: 2254: 1776:(in French). Paris: Hachette. p. 261. 1738: 1494: 1254:, with some 10 species occurring from the 1183:It is a main prey of the Persian leopard ( 622:) was first followed in the American book 526:is not entirely clear: it may have meant ' 418:, meaning "streaked, spotted or striped". 410:. It is perhaps ultimately derived from a 241: 80: 54: 40: 8174: 5646: 3557: 3508: 3361: 3284: 3205: 3002: 2992: 2940: 2888: 2827: 2543: 2533: 2333: 2323: 2305: 2216: 2100: 2009: 1999: 1684: 1619:A Modern English - Old English Dictionary 1478: 1397:Bambi, the titular character of the book 1270:) occurred. It may not have evolved from 1010:Scottish roe deer were introduced to the 777:, they are now classified as part of the 758:Roe deer are most closely related to the 467:and the works of various writers such as 8055: 5445: 3648:"Deuteronomy 14:5 Parallel Hebrew Texts" 2069:, in central and peripheral populations" 1888:; Громов, В.С.; Рутовская, М.В. (1987). 1129: 1112: 1047: 853: 845: 837: 829: 641: 421:The word is attested on the 5th-century 4346: 3917: 3700:(3 ed.). Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson. 3298:. Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. 10–23. 2737: 2122: 2120: 2056: 2042:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 1758: 1714: 1615: 1543:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 1503: 655:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 14: 8608: 4064: 3690: 3343: 2810:Fuller, R. J.; Gill, R. M. A. (2001). 2750: 1890:"Звуковая Сигнализация у Европейской ( 1588: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1419:, the main character was changed to a 8282: 8281: 8173: 8042: 8041: 7647: 6730: 6265: 5722: 5184: 4330: 3916: 3838: 3572: 3318: 3293: 2026: 1159: 1134:Roe deer fawn, two to three weeks old 8424:108c7a6f-f2ff-4a8d-977f-bbb008449751 5482: 2422:Stubbe, H.; Brukhgol'ts, Z. (1979). 2117: 1786: 1773:Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français 1622:(PhD Dissertation). Meredith College 1566:Common Names of Mammals of the World 1178: 309:, and east as far as northern Iran. 8616:IUCN Red List least concern species 4331: 2682:(in Norwegian). Skolelaboratoriet, 1520: 1466:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1443: 1366: 1352: 618:This new taxonomic interpretation ( 24: 7648: 5185: 3799: 3712:"Deuteronomy 14 Interlinear Bible" 3443:The Journal of Wildlife Management 3415:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00055.x 1101:whine to attract males during the 1018: 25: 8677: 3813: 3169:Israel Nature and Parks Authority 3536:Longissimus thoracis et Lumborum 3144:10.1111/j.1748-1090.2007.00011.x 2645:Bittel, J. (November 12, 2014). 2290:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00137.x 2238:. European Union. Archived from 2044:. United States Government. 2020 1642:"Caistor-by-Norwich, astragalus" 1245: 693:Nikolay Yakovlevich Dinnik, 1910 105: 4209:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain ( 3766: 3752: 3726: 3704: 3684: 3662: 3640: 3566: 3525: 3476: 3386: 3337: 3312: 3165:"Hai-Bar Carmel Nature Reserve" 3157: 3068: 3034: 3019: 2844: 2803: 2724: 2697: 2664: 2638: 2612: 2493: 2446: 1929:Cytogenetic and Genome Research 1878: 1836: 1806: 1780: 1752: 1732: 1708: 1329: 1125: 896: 789:Both the European roe deer and 483:. It is derived from the words 4998:Central American red brocket ( 3577:and the relationships between 3319:Clyde, Falls of (2020-07-09). 2734:. British Naturalist, 2: 15-25 2146:Johns Hopkins University Press 2130:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). 1728:. Leiden: Jacob Hackium et al. 1656: 1634: 1609: 1595:Online Etymological Dictionary 1582: 1557: 1378:area in the 19th century. The 1321:It is thought that during the 1167:The roe deer population shows 1002:, Jahan Nama Protected Area). 994:and agricultural lands of the 825: 753: 690:Capreolus capreolus caucasicus 522:. The meaning of this word in 13: 1: 2619:Falconi, M. (June 12, 2008). 2426:Capreolus capreolus capreolus 2366:"Identification of European ( 1436: 1038:Carmel Hai-Bar Nature Reserve 670:Capreolus capreolus capreolus 637: 534:'. The roe was also known as 425: – a roe deer 423:Caistor-by-Norwich astragalus 5705:Large subfamily listed below 5693:Large subfamily listed below 5681:Large subfamily listed below 3780:. 2020-05-13. Archived from 3607:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.11.002 3344:Buxton, Anthony (May 1956). 3194:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2712:(in Dutch). Bart Christiaens 2535:10.1371/journal.pone.0109147 2430:Capreolus capreolus pygargus 2001:10.1371/journal.pone.0024045 1616:Johnson, Mary Lynch (1927). 1206:Compared to the other large 1084: 834:Roe deer in a grassland area 802:, female hybrids of the two 745:Capreolus capreolus garganta 715:Capreolus capreolus italicus 496: 486: 312: 7: 8666:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 4200:Yellow-striped chevrotain ( 4191:Indian spotted chevrotain ( 3487:Spiculopteragia asymmetrica 2378:Russian Journal of Genetics 1201:Spiculopteragia asymmetrica 701:Mammal Species of the World 659:Mammal Species of the World 624:Mammal Species of the World 553: 10: 8682: 8661:Mammals of the Middle East 3760:"Bambi and That Other Guy" 3734:"How to say red in Arabic" 3207:10.7589/0090-3558-44.3.693 3132:International Zoo Yearbook 2994:10.1186/s12898-020-00317-3 2942:10.1007/s10980-020-01062-0 2704:Christiaens, Bart (1997). 2596:Princeton University Press 1864:10.1515/mamm.1990.54.3.431 1826:Доклады Академии наук СССР 1748:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1400:Bambi, A Life in the Woods 1341: 1056: 1043: 1005: 990:region: they occur in the 933: 920: 784: 454: 8641:Mammals described in 1758 8290: 8248: 8220: 8196: 8187: 8183: 8169: 8136:Dromedary/Arabian camel ( 8127:Domestic Bactrian camel ( 8115: 8064: 8051: 8037: 8001: 7977: 7953: 7944: 7826: 7793: 7769: 7736: 7712: 7691:North Sulawesi babirusa ( 7670: 7661: 7657: 7643: 7607: 7565: 7388: 7379: 7333: 7309: 7285: 7243: 7192: 7168: 7159: 7131: 7107: 7100: 7054: 6994: 6970: 6883: 6832: 6808: 6784: 6760: 6751: 6747: 6726: 6681: 6582: 6573: 6545: 6521: 6416: 6356: 6347: 6319: 6295: 6286: 6282: 6261: 6220: 6196: 6118: 6094: 6070: 6046: 5995: 5971: 5920: 5815: 5791: 5767: 5743: 5739: 5718: 5698: 5686: 5674: 5637: 5600: 5576: 5543: 5519: 5510: 5473: 5436: 5390: 5330: 5321: 5293: 5242: 5209: 5200: 5196: 5180: 5126: 5092: 5058: 5034: 5010: 4980:Amazonian brown brocket ( 4914: 4881: 4857: 4824: 4800: 4776: 4767: 4703: 4652: 4628: 4595: 4544: 4511: 4487: 4355: 4342: 4326: 4313:Large family listed below 4306: 4301:Large family listed below 4294: 4278:Williamson's mouse-deer ( 4221: 4179: 4155: 4146: 4055: 4000: 3976: 3967: 3930: 3926: 3912: 3874: 3497:Veterinary Research Forum 3363:10.1017/S0030605300038709 3270:10.1007/s10980-018-0641-0 2829:10.1093/FORESTRY/74.3.193 2510:) in Northeastern Poland" 2479:10.1134/S106235901706005X 2390:10.1134/S1022795414070151 1796:London Medical Repository 1742:; Short, Charles (1879). 1230:It is the main source of 1069:commonly associated with 1027: 678:Capreolus capreolus canus 261: 254: 249: 240: 217: 210: 102:Scientific classification 100: 78: 69: 62: 53: 48: 39: 34: 6377:Domestic water buffalo ( 4742:Central Asian red deer ( 4367:Bornean yellow muntjac ( 3805:Prior, Richard (1995). 3587:Quaternary International 3538:) from Female Roe Deer ( 2306:Heckeberg, N.S. (2020). 2226:Bogdanowicz, W. (2005). 1925:) with Dromedary Probes" 1589:Harper, Douglas (2020). 1382:translated the word as ' 1186:Panthera pardus tulliana 7255:Bates' pygmy antelope ( 7042:Soemmerring's gazelle ( 5147:Yucatan brown brocket ( 4376:Hairy-fronted muntjac ( 4260:Philippine mouse-deer ( 3820:Roe Deer Research Group 3546:Journal of Food Quality 3325:Scottish Wildlife Trust 1217: 1108: 981: 569:in 1758. The initially 397: 389: 381: 351: 333: 326: 7965:White-lipped peccary ( 7901:Philippine warty pig ( 7526:Yellow-backed duiker ( 7490:Black-fronted duiker ( 7463:White-bellied duiker ( 7084:Przewalski's gazelle ( 6307:Four-horned antelope ( 5105:Peruvian Yungas pudu ( 4664:Visayan spotted deer ( 4523:European fallow deer ( 4466:Northern red muntjac ( 4412:Southern red muntjac ( 3740:. Kat IP Pty Ltd. 2008 3692:Easton, Matthew George 2776:Emma Goldberg (2003). 2436:Zoologicheskiĭ Zhurnal 1740:Lewis, Charlton Thomas 1431:ancient times in China 1308:Greenland Interstadial 1306:to Germany during the 1135: 1118: 1053: 1000:Golestan National Park 859: 851: 843: 835: 661:, gives the following 650: 649:near Stockholm, Sweden 577:was first proposed by 545: 537: 405: 370: 8651:Mammals of Azerbaijan 8575:Paleobiology Database 8145:Wild Bactrian camel ( 7847:Bornean bearded pig ( 7838:Palawan bearded pig ( 7427:White-legged duiker ( 6853:Red-fronted gazelle ( 4532:Persian fallow deer ( 4448:Roosevelt's muntjac ( 4121:Himalayan musk deer ( 4030:Reticulated giraffe ( 2861:Ecology and Evolution 2751:Kinver, Mark (2013). 2073:Ecology and Evolution 1716:Hofmann, Johann Jacob 1473:: e.T42395A22161386. 1133: 1116: 1073:at an early stage of 1051: 857: 849: 841: 833: 657:, following the 2005 645: 285:), also known as the 8419:Fauna Europaea (new) 8232:Pygmy hippopotamus ( 7892:Oliver's warty pig ( 7517:Red-flanked duiker ( 6922:Erlanger's gazelle ( 6642:Harnessed bushbuck ( 6368:Wild water buffalo ( 5845:East Caucasian tur ( 5836:West Caucasian tur ( 4989:Little red brocket ( 4457:Truong Son muntjac ( 4269:Vietnam mouse-deer ( 4251:Greater mouse-deer ( 4130:Siberian musk deer ( 3579:Procapreolus cusanus 3559:10.1155/2018/4691542 3083:Biodiversity Ireland 3043:"Risk Assessment of 2598:. pp. 211–214. 2242:on September 5, 2015 1902:Зоологический Журнал 1504:Linnæus, C. (1758). 1417:Walt Disney Pictures 1346:In the Hebrew Bible 1284:Last Glacial Maximum 1266:(also classified as 1264:Procapreolus cusanus 1153:delayed implantation 958:in Germany into the 463:', mentioned in the 437:, transliterated as 65:both in Oxfordshire 8626:Arctic land animals 8336:Capreolus_capreolus 8322:Capreolus capreolus 8292:Capreolus capreolus 7865:Celebes warty pig ( 7856:Visayan warty pig ( 7472:Red forest duiker ( 7204:Günther's dik-dik ( 7066:Mongolian gazelle ( 6871:Heuglin's gazelle ( 6862:Thomson's gazelle ( 6016:Long-tailed goral ( 5411:Mountain reedbuck ( 5402:Southern reedbuck ( 5254:East African oryx ( 5156:White-tailed deer ( 4935:Small red brocket ( 4902:South Andean deer ( 4845:Siberian roe deer ( 4836:European roe deer ( 4673:Philippine sambar ( 4640:Père David's deer ( 4242:Lesser mouse-deer ( 4103:Kashmir musk deer ( 3599:2010QuInt.212...80V 3540:Capreolus capreolus 3397:Capreolus capreolus 3262:2018LaEco..33..937M 3054:nonnativespecies.ie 3045:Capreolus capreolus 3030:. Batchworth Press. 3026:Tegner, H. (1951). 2985:2020BMCE...20...49K 2933:2020LaEco..35.1809G 2873:2013EcoEv...3...89B 2855:Capreolus capreolus 2730:Walker, M.D. 2016. 2674:Capreolus capreolus 2651:National Geographic 2526:2014PLoSO...9j9147O 2504:Capreolus capreolus 2471:2017BioBu..44..575D 2368:Capreolus capreolus 2272:Capreolus capreolus 2230:Capreolus capreolus 2188:Capreolus capreolus 2134:Capreolus capreolus 2085:2016EcoEv...6.7286L 1992:2011PLoSO...624045V 1892:Capreolus capreolus 1818:Capreolus capreolus 1537:Capreolus capreolus 1459:Capreolus capreolus 1392:Mandatory Palestine 1203:infects this deer. 992:Hyrcanian woodlands 952:livestock husbandry 913:fossil record from 707:. in the 1998 book 506:The taxonomic name 282:Capreolus capreolus 267:Linnaeus, 1758 221:Capreolus capreolus 72:Conservation status 8013:Collared peccary ( 7883:Flores warty pig ( 7724:Giant forest hog ( 7586:Maxwell's duiker ( 7508:Ruwenzori duiker ( 7454:Jentink's duiker ( 7363:Sharpe's grysbok ( 7119:Tibetan antelope ( 7024:Bright's gazelle ( 6958:Goitered gazelle ( 6931:Mountain gazelle ( 6904:Cuvier's gazelle ( 6844:Mongalla gazelle ( 6232:Pyrenean chamois ( 5658:Tibetan antelope ( 5612:Black wildebeest ( 4439:Reeves's muntjac ( 4403:Sumatran muntjac ( 4394:Gongshan muntjac ( 4167:Water chevrotain ( 4094:Alpine musk deer ( 4021:Southern giraffe ( 4012:Northern giraffe ( 3809:. Swan-Hill Press. 3581:and the roe deer ( 3403:Journal of Zoology 2784:. pp. 1–104. 2455:Capreolus pygargus 2370:L.) and Siberian ( 2325:10.7717/peerj.8114 2067:Capreolus pygargus 2036:Capreolus pygargus 1974:Capreolus pygargus 1923:Capreolus pygargus 1824:Pall.) roe deer". 1822:Capreolus pygargus 1820:L.) and Siberian ( 1745:A Latin Dictionary 1725:Lexicon Universale 1222:The roe deer is a 1160:Population ecology 1136: 1119: 1071:biotic communities 1054: 860: 852: 844: 836: 820:Introduced species 724:This is just one ( 718:Enrico Festa, 1925 697:Caucasus Mountains 651: 613:Capreolus pygargus 459:, transliterated ' 297:, is a species of 250:Range of roe deer 8656:Mammals of Europe 8603: 8602: 8562:Open Tree of Life 8284:Taxon identifiers 8275: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8267: 8266: 8244: 8243: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8033: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8025: 8024: 7989:Chacoan peccary ( 7940: 7939: 7928:Javan warty pig ( 7919:Timor warty pig ( 7726:H. meinertzhageni 7700:Togian babirusa ( 7639: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7595:Walter's duiker ( 7535:Abbott's duiker ( 7499:Ogilby's duiker ( 7445:Harvey's duiker ( 7409:Brooke's duiker ( 7375: 7374: 7155: 7154: 7096: 7095: 7033:Peter's gazelle ( 7015:Grant's gazelle ( 6949:Speke's gazelle ( 6722: 6721: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6713: 6599: 6569: 6568: 6557:African buffalo ( 6388:B. depressicornis 6343: 6342: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6025:Himalayan goral ( 5847:C. cylindricornis 5714: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5670: 5669: 5633: 5632: 5621:Blue wildebeest ( 5555:Common tsessebe ( 5506: 5505: 5469: 5468: 5432: 5431: 5344:K. ellipsiprymnus 5317: 5316: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5116:P. mephistophiles 5072:P. mephistophiles 4763: 4762: 4459:M. truongsonensis 4421:Pu Hoat muntjac ( 4322: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4290: 4289: 4233:Java mouse-deer ( 4142: 4141: 4112:Black musk deer ( 4085:Dwarf musk deer ( 4076:Anhui musk deer ( 4051: 4050: 4014:G. camelopardalis 3963: 3962: 3305:978-1-84217-214-8 3250:Landscape Ecology 2927:(35): 1809–1825. 2921:Landscape Ecology 2684:Bergen University 2590:Mammals of Europe 2232:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 2155:978-0-8018-8221-0 2093:10.1002/ece3.2458 2079:(20): 7286–7297. 1941:10.1159/000298878 1539:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 1421:white-tailed deer 1292:Iberian Peninsula 1268:Capreolus cusanus 1260:Early Pleistocene 1238:products such as 1179:Community ecology 907:Mediterranean Sea 791:Siberian roe deer 749: 719: 694: 685: 674: 609:Siberian roe deer 273: 272: 203:C. capreolus 95: 16:(Redirected from 8673: 8596: 8595: 8583: 8582: 8570: 8569: 8557: 8556: 8544: 8543: 8531: 8530: 8528:NHMSYS0000080203 8518: 8517: 8505: 8504: 8492: 8491: 8479: 8478: 8466: 8465: 8453: 8452: 8440: 8439: 8427: 8426: 8414: 8413: 8401: 8400: 8388: 8387: 8375: 8374: 8362: 8361: 8349: 8348: 8339: 8338: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8311: 8310: 8309: 8279: 8278: 8194: 8193: 8185: 8184: 8171: 8170: 8062: 8061: 8053: 8052: 8039: 8038: 7951: 7950: 7757:Common warthog ( 7748:Desert warthog ( 7668: 7667: 7659: 7658: 7645: 7644: 7544:Weyns's duiker ( 7418:Peters' duiker ( 7400:Aders's duiker ( 7386: 7385: 7273:Royal antelope ( 7231:Salt's dik-dik ( 7222:Silver dik-dik ( 7213:Kirk's dik-dik ( 7166: 7165: 7143:Saiga antelope ( 7105: 7104: 7044:N. soemmerringii 6913:Dorcas gazelle ( 6758: 6757: 6749: 6748: 6742: 6728: 6727: 6615:Mountain nyala ( 6598: 6597: 6589: 6580: 6579: 6535:P. nghetinhensis 6437:European bison ( 6428:American bison ( 6354: 6353: 6293: 6292: 6284: 6283: 6277: 6263: 6262: 6139:Domestic sheep ( 5983:Himalayan tahr ( 5950:Mainland serow ( 5932:Japanese serow ( 5741: 5740: 5734: 5720: 5719: 5644: 5643: 5517: 5516: 5480: 5479: 5443: 5442: 5420:Bohor reedbuck ( 5328: 5327: 5307:A. nasomaculatus 5230:Sable antelope ( 5207: 5206: 5198: 5197: 5191: 5182: 5181: 4944:Merida brocket ( 4774: 4773: 4715:Thorold's deer ( 4567:A. calamianensis 4450:M. rooseveltorum 4396:M. gongshanensis 4353: 4352: 4344: 4343: 4337: 4328: 4327: 4153: 4152: 4062: 4061: 4041:G. tippelskirchi 3974: 3973: 3937: 3936: 3928: 3927: 3914: 3913: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3836: 3835: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3762:. Bio.Miami.edu. 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3512: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3434: 3419: 3418: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3365: 3346:"Roe Deer Rings" 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3331: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3291: 3282: 3281: 3244: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3209: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3123: 3112: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3091: 3085:. Archived from 3080: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3051: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3006: 2996: 2964: 2955: 2954: 2944: 2912: 2903: 2902: 2892: 2881:10.1002/ece3.430 2848: 2842: 2841: 2831: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2763: 2748: 2735: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2593: 2583: 2558: 2557: 2547: 2537: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2459:Biology Bulletin 2450: 2444: 2443: 2419: 2410: 2409: 2361: 2348: 2347: 2337: 2327: 2303: 2294: 2293: 2265: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2223: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2190:) and Siberian ( 2181: 2168: 2167: 2144:(3rd ed.). 2124: 2115: 2114: 2104: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2013: 2003: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1840: 1834: 1833: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1693: 1682: 1680: 1660: 1654: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1597:. Douglas Harper 1586: 1580: 1579: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1531: 1518: 1517: 1508:Cervus capreolus 1501: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1482: 1452: 1406:Bambi's Children 1380:King James Bible 1369: 1368: 1355: 1354: 1286:it retreated to 1191:Alborz Mountains 1169:irruptive growth 1034:Carmel Mountains 1012:Lissadell Estate 996:Alborz Mountains 941:Southern England 808:Cesarean section 747: 717: 692: 680: 673:(Linnaeus, 1758) 672: 594:Vladimir Sokolov 579:John Edward Gray 567:Cervus capreolus 548: 540: 510:is derived from 501: 491: 457: 456: 436: 408: 400: 392: 384: 373: 354: 336: 329: 291:western roe deer 268: 264:Cervus capreolus 245: 223: 110: 109: 89: 84: 83: 58: 44: 32: 31: 21: 8681: 8680: 8676: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8670: 8646:Mammals of Asia 8606: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8591: 8586: 8578: 8573: 8565: 8560: 8552: 8549:Observation.org 8547: 8539: 8534: 8526: 8521: 8513: 8508: 8500: 8495: 8487: 8482: 8474: 8469: 8461: 8456: 8448: 8443: 8435: 8430: 8422: 8417: 8409: 8404: 8396: 8391: 8383: 8378: 8370: 8365: 8357: 8352: 8344: 8342: 8334: 8329: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8305: 8304: 8299: 8286: 8276: 8263: 8240: 8216: 8179: 8153: 8111: 8047: 8021: 7997: 7973: 7936: 7903:S. philippensis 7840:S. ahoenobarbus 7822: 7814:Red river hog ( 7789: 7765: 7732: 7708: 7682:Buru babirusa ( 7653: 7627: 7619:Common duiker ( 7603: 7561: 7371: 7329: 7305: 7281: 7239: 7188: 7151: 7127: 7092: 7077:P. picticaudata 7050: 6990: 6966: 6960:G. subgutturosa 6879: 6828: 6804: 6780: 6743: 6732: 6710: 6677: 6669:Cape bushbuck ( 6662:T. strepsiceros 6591: 6590: 6588: 6565: 6541: 6517: 6412: 6404:Mountain anoa ( 6339: 6333:B. tragocamelus 6315: 6309:T. quadricornis 6278: 6267: 6249: 6216: 6192: 6148:Bighorn sheep ( 6114: 6090: 6066: 6058:Mountain goat ( 6042: 6034:Chinese goral ( 5991: 5967: 5952:C. sumatraensis 5916: 5899:Siberian ibex ( 5863:Domestic goat ( 5811: 5787: 5763: 5755:Barbary sheep ( 5735: 5724: 5706: 5694: 5682: 5666: 5629: 5596: 5572: 5539: 5502: 5465: 5428: 5386: 5313: 5289: 5263:Scimitar oryx ( 5238: 5221:Roan antelope ( 5192: 5186: 5164: 5122: 5114:Northern pudu ( 5088: 5080:Southern pudu ( 5070:Northern pudu ( 5054: 5030: 5006: 4971:Pygmy brocket ( 4953:Dwarf brocket ( 4910: 4877: 4853: 4820: 4796: 4759: 4699: 4648: 4624: 4591: 4565:Calamian deer ( 4540: 4534:D. mesopotamica 4507: 4483: 4477:M. vuquangensis 4475:Giant muntjac ( 4385:Fea's muntjac ( 4338: 4332: 4314: 4302: 4286: 4217: 4175: 4138: 4096:M. chrysogaster 4047: 4039:Masai giraffe ( 3996: 3959: 3922: 3908: 3870: 3863: 3816: 3802: 3800:Further reading 3797: 3796: 3787: 3785: 3784:on June 1, 2020 3772: 3771: 3767: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3741: 3732: 3731: 3727: 3717: 3715: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3689: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3618: 3614: 3571: 3567: 3530: 3526: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3455:10.2307/3802739 3435: 3422: 3391: 3387: 3342: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3292: 3285: 3245: 3238: 3228: 3226: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3171: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3124: 3115: 3108: 3104: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3049: 3039: 3035: 3024: 3020: 2965: 2958: 2913: 2906: 2849: 2845: 2808: 2804: 2794: 2792: 2774: 2770: 2761: 2759: 2757:BBC News Online 2749: 2738: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2655: 2653: 2643: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2617: 2613: 2606: 2584: 2561: 2520:(10): e109147. 2498: 2494: 2451: 2447: 2442:(9): 1398–1403. 2420: 2413: 2362: 2351: 2304: 2297: 2266: 2255: 2245: 2243: 2224: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2182: 2171: 2156: 2125: 2118: 2061: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2038:(Pallas, 1771)" 2032: 2031: 2027: 1972:"Genotyping of 1968: 1964: 1917: 1913: 1894:) и Сибирской ( 1883: 1879: 1841: 1837: 1832:(5): 1274–1276. 1811: 1807: 1785: 1781: 1757: 1753: 1737: 1733: 1713: 1709: 1694: 1685: 1677: 1661: 1657: 1647: 1645: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1598: 1587: 1583: 1576: 1562: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1533: 1532: 1521: 1502: 1495: 1485: 1483: 1453: 1444: 1439: 1403:and its sequel 1344: 1332: 1272:C. cusanus 1248: 1220: 1181: 1162: 1128: 1117:Roe deer tracks 1111: 1087: 1067:pioneer species 1059: 1046: 1030: 1021: 1019:The Netherlands 1008: 984: 960:Thetford Forest 936: 923: 899: 850:Roe deer antler 828: 787: 756: 640: 620:circumscription 598:electrophoretic 556: 493:'buttocks' and 377:Old High German 345:, cognate with 315: 266: 236: 225: 219: 206: 104: 96: 85: 81: 74: 64: 28: 27:Species of deer 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8679: 8669: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8601: 8600: 8598: 8597: 8584: 8571: 8558: 8545: 8532: 8519: 8506: 8493: 8480: 8467: 8454: 8441: 8428: 8415: 8406:Fauna Europaea 8402: 8389: 8376: 8363: 8350: 8340: 8327: 8312: 8296: 8294: 8288: 8287: 8273: 8272: 8269: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8261: 8254: 8252: 8246: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8234:C. liberiensis 8228: 8226: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8214: 8208:Hippopotamus ( 8204: 8202: 8191: 8189:Hippopotamidae 8181: 8180: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8151: 8142: 8138:C. dromedarius 8133: 8123: 8121: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8100: 8091: 8082: 8072: 8070: 8059: 8049: 8048: 8035: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8019: 8009: 8007: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7995: 7985: 7983: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7961: 7959: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7934: 7925: 7921:S. timoriensis 7916: 7907: 7898: 7889: 7880: 7874:Domestic pig ( 7871: 7862: 7853: 7844: 7834: 7832: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7811: 7801: 7799: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7787: 7777: 7775: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7754: 7750:P. aethiopicus 7744: 7742: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7720: 7718: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7702:B. togeanensis 7697: 7688: 7678: 7676: 7665: 7655: 7654: 7641: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7615: 7613: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7592: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7553:Zebra duiker ( 7550: 7541: 7532: 7528:C. silvicultor 7523: 7514: 7505: 7496: 7487: 7481:Black duiker ( 7478: 7469: 7465:C. leucogaster 7460: 7451: 7442: 7433: 7424: 7415: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7383: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7360: 7354:Cape grysbok ( 7351: 7341: 7339: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7297:Klipspringer ( 7293: 7291: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7270: 7261: 7251: 7249: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7237: 7228: 7224:M. piacentinii 7219: 7210: 7200: 7198: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7186: 7176: 7174: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7139: 7137: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7125: 7115: 7113: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7086:P. przewalskii 7081: 7072: 7062: 7060: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7039: 7030: 7021: 7012: 7006:Dama gazelle ( 7002: 7000: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6978: 6976: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6955: 6946: 6940:Rhim gazelle ( 6937: 6928: 6919: 6910: 6901: 6891: 6889: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6868: 6859: 6850: 6840: 6838: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6798:A. marsupialis 6792: 6790: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6755: 6745: 6744: 6724: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6708: 6702:Common eland ( 6699: 6689: 6687: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6675: 6666: 6660:Greater kudu ( 6657: 6648: 6639: 6630: 6621: 6612: 6602: 6600: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6553: 6551: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6529: 6527: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6506: 6497: 6488: 6479: 6473:Domestic yak ( 6470: 6461: 6452: 6443: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6401: 6397:B. mindorensis 6392: 6386:Lowland anoa ( 6383: 6374: 6364: 6362: 6351: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6327: 6325: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6303: 6301: 6290: 6280: 6279: 6259: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6247: 6238: 6228: 6226: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6204: 6202: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6181: 6172: 6163: 6154: 6145: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6106:Nilgiri tahr ( 6102: 6100: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6078: 6076: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6064: 6054: 6052: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6031: 6022: 6013: 6003: 6001: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5979: 5977: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5959:Taiwan serow ( 5956: 5947: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5905: 5896: 5890:Iberian ibex ( 5887: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5851: 5842: 5833: 5823: 5821: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5799: 5797: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5779:Arabian tahr ( 5775: 5773: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5737: 5736: 5716: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5664: 5654: 5652: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5561: 5551: 5549: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5490: 5488: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5453: 5451: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5426: 5417: 5413:R. fulvorufula 5408: 5398: 5396: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5375: 5366: 5357: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5312: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5281:Arabian oryx ( 5278: 5269: 5260: 5250: 5248: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5204: 5194: 5193: 5178: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5162: 5158:O. virginianus 5153: 5144: 5134: 5132: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5111: 5101: 5099: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5086: 5077: 5066: 5064: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5024:O. bezoarticus 5018: 5016: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4995: 4986: 4977: 4968: 4964:M. gouazoubira 4962:Gray brocket ( 4959: 4950: 4941: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4899: 4889: 4887: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4748: 4739: 4730: 4721: 4717:C. albirostris 4711: 4709: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4688: 4679: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4562: 4552: 4550: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4505: 4501:E. cephalophus 4495: 4493: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4472: 4463: 4454: 4445: 4436: 4430:Leaf muntjac ( 4427: 4423:M. puhoatensis 4418: 4409: 4400: 4391: 4382: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4350: 4340: 4339: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4280:T. williamsoni 4275: 4266: 4257: 4248: 4239: 4229: 4227: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4206: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4173: 4163: 4161: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4132:M. moschiferus 4127: 4123:M. leucogaster 4118: 4109: 4100: 4091: 4087:M. berezovskii 4082: 4072: 4070: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3957: 3947: 3945: 3934: 3932:Antilocapridae 3924: 3923: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3904:Laurasiatheria 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3862: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3815: 3814:External links 3812: 3811: 3810: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3765: 3751: 3725: 3703: 3683: 3661: 3639: 3628:(6): 812–819. 3624:(in Russian). 3612: 3565: 3524: 3491:Cervus elaphus 3475: 3449:(3): 698–706. 3420: 3409:(4): 497–504. 3385: 3356:(4): 203–204. 3336: 3311: 3304: 3283: 3256:(6): 937–954. 3236: 3200:(3): 693–696. 3180: 3156: 3138:(1): 183–193. 3113: 3102: 3067: 3033: 3018: 2956: 2904: 2843: 2822:(3): 193–199. 2802: 2782:English Nature 2768: 2736: 2723: 2696: 2663: 2637: 2611: 2604: 2559: 2492: 2465:(6): 575–583. 2445: 2438:(in Russian). 2411: 2384:(7): 757–762. 2349: 2295: 2253: 2236:Fauna Europaea 2215: 2169: 2154: 2116: 2055: 2025: 1962: 1935:(4): 228–235. 1911: 1877: 1858:(3): 431–444. 1835: 1828:(in Russian). 1805: 1779: 1760:Gaffiot, Félix 1751: 1731: 1707: 1683: 1675: 1655: 1633: 1608: 1581: 1574: 1556: 1519: 1493: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1370:, pronounced ' 1343: 1340: 1331: 1328: 1247: 1244: 1219: 1216: 1180: 1177: 1161: 1158: 1127: 1124: 1110: 1107: 1086: 1083: 1058: 1055: 1045: 1042: 1029: 1026: 1020: 1017: 1007: 1004: 983: 980: 945:arable farming 939:extirpated in 935: 932: 922: 919: 898: 895: 882:Primorsky Krai 842:Young roe deer 827: 824: 800:Haldane's rule 786: 783: 755: 752: 734:Fauna Europaea 730:European Union 722: 721: 712: 687: 675: 639: 636: 601:chromatography 555: 552: 340:Proto-Germanic 314: 311: 271: 270: 259: 258: 252: 251: 247: 246: 238: 237: 226: 215: 214: 208: 207: 200: 198: 194: 193: 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 98: 97: 79: 76: 75: 70: 67: 66: 60: 59: 51: 50: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8678: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8636:Fauna of Iran 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8594: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8524: 8520: 8516: 8511: 8507: 8503: 8498: 8494: 8490: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8341: 8337: 8332: 8328: 8323: 8317: 8313: 8308: 8302: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8280: 8260: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8247: 8237: 8235: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8224: 8219: 8213: 8211: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8200: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8172: 8168: 8150: 8148: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8129:C. bactrianus 8125: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8119: 8114: 8108: 8106: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8040: 8036: 8018: 8016: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8005: 8000: 7994: 7992: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7970: 7968: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7957: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7930:S. verrucosus 7926: 7924: 7922: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7876:S. domesticus 7872: 7870: 7868: 7867:S. celebensis 7863: 7861: 7859: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7819: 7817: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7796:Potamochoerus 7792: 7786: 7784: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7762: 7760: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7735: 7729: 7727: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7705: 7703: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7693:B. celebensis 7689: 7687: 7685: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7646: 7642: 7624: 7622: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7611: 7606: 7600: 7598: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7577:Blue duiker ( 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7569: 7564: 7558: 7556: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7492:C. nigrifrons 7488: 7486: 7484: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7474:C. natalensis 7470: 7468: 7466: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7420:C. callipygus 7416: 7414: 7412: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7378: 7368: 7366: 7361: 7359: 7357: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7347:R. campestris 7343: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7337: 7332: 7326: 7324: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7302: 7300: 7299:O. oreotragus 7295: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7289: 7284: 7278: 7276: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7236: 7234: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7191: 7185: 7183: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7172: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7148: 7146: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7130: 7124: 7122: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7103: 7099: 7089: 7087: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7047: 7045: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6987: 6985: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6963: 6961: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6942:G. leptoceros 6938: 6936: 6934: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6882: 6876: 6874: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6846:E. albonotata 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6825: 6823: 6822:A. cervicapra 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6801: 6799: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6777: 6775: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6736: 6729: 6725: 6707: 6705: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6693:Giant eland ( 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6674: 6672: 6671:T. sylvaticus 6667: 6665: 6663: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6633:Lesser kudu ( 6631: 6629: 6627: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6595: 6587: 6586: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6544: 6538: 6536: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6525: 6520: 6514: 6512: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6448:B. domesticus 6446:Bali cattle ( 6444: 6442: 6440: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6409: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6336: 6334: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6312: 6310: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6275: 6271: 6264: 6260: 6246: 6244: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6213: 6211: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6150:O. canadensis 6146: 6144: 6142: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6097:Nilgiritragus 6093: 6087: 6085: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6063: 6061: 6060:O. americanus 6056: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5988: 5986: 5985:H. jemlahicus 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5975: 5970: 5964: 5962: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5911: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5881:Nubian ibex ( 5879: 5877: 5875: 5872:Alpine ibex ( 5870: 5868: 5866: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5808: 5806: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5795: 5790: 5784: 5782: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5738: 5732: 5728: 5721: 5717: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5663: 5661: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5639:Pantholopinae 5636: 5626: 5624: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5593: 5591: 5590:A. buselaphus 5586: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5569: 5567: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5536: 5534: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5499: 5497: 5494:Grey rhebok ( 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5438:Aepycerotinae 5435: 5425: 5423: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5383: 5381: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5369:Nile lechwe ( 5367: 5365: 5363: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5310: 5308: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5241: 5235: 5233: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5202:Hippotraginae 5199: 5195: 5190: 5183: 5179: 5161: 5159: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5085: 5083: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5051: 5049: 5048:B. dichotomus 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5033: 5027: 5025: 5022:Pampas deer ( 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4982:M. nemorivaga 4978: 4976: 4974: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4926:Red brocket ( 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4913: 4907: 4905: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4895:H. antisensis 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4874: 4872: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4850: 4848: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4735:C. canadensis 4731: 4729: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4696: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4684:R. timorensis 4680: 4678: 4676: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4645: 4643: 4642:E. davidianus 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4609:R. duvaucelii 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4588: 4586: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4574:Bawean deer ( 4572: 4570: 4568: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4499:Tufted deer ( 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4480: 4478: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4432:M. putaoensis 4428: 4426: 4424: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4378:M. crinifrons 4374: 4372: 4370: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4329: 4325: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4271:T. versicolor 4267: 4265: 4263: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4214: 4212: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4159: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4078:M. anhuiensis 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4032:G. reticulata 4028: 4026: 4024: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3993: 3991: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3956: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3868: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3848: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3837: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3769: 3761: 3755: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3713: 3707: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3687: 3671: 3665: 3649: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3492: 3489:infection in 3488: 3479: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3398: 3389: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3340: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3290: 3288: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3241: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3184: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3092:on 2022-05-20 3088: 3084: 3077: 3071: 3055: 3048: 3046: 3037: 3029: 3022: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2963: 2961: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2909: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2867:(1): 89–102. 2866: 2862: 2858: 2856: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2772: 2758: 2754: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2733: 2727: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2675: 2667: 2652: 2648: 2641: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2607: 2605:0-691-09160-9 2601: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2496: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2449: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2418: 2416: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2300: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2278:Mammal Review 2275: 2273: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2231: 2222: 2220: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2129: 2128:Wilson, D. E. 2123: 2121: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2068: 2059: 2043: 2039: 2037: 2029: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986:(8): e24045. 1985: 1981: 1977: 1975: 1966: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1924: 1915: 1908:(3): 430–443. 1907: 1903: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1887: 1886:Соколов, В.Е. 1881: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1844:Sokolov, V.E. 1839: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1814:Sokolov, V.E. 1809: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1735: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1678: 1676:87-635-0428-6 1672: 1668: 1667: 1659: 1643: 1637: 1621: 1620: 1612: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1577: 1575:1-56098-383-3 1571: 1567: 1560: 1544: 1540: 1538: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1500: 1498: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1442: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1388:Modern Hebrew 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1363: 1359: 1349: 1339: 1337: 1336:least concern 1327: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1312:Younger Dryas 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1246:Palaeontology 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1225: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1176: 1172: 1170: 1165: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1132: 1123: 1115: 1106: 1104: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1082: 1080: 1077:, during the 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1050: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1025: 1016: 1013: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 979: 977: 973: 967: 965: 964:Petworth Park 961: 957: 953: 950: 946: 942: 931: 928: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 894: 892: 886: 883: 879: 875: 870: 867:and northern 866: 856: 848: 840: 832: 823: 821: 817: 816:introgression 811: 809: 805: 801: 796: 792: 782: 780: 776: 771: 769: 765: 761: 751: 748:Meunier, 1983 746: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 716: 713: 710: 706: 702: 698: 691: 688: 683: 679: 676: 671: 668: 667: 666: 664: 660: 656: 648: 644: 635: 633: 629: 628:Khopyor River 625: 621: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 599: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 551: 549: 547: 541: 539: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 504: 502: 500: 499: 492: 490: 489: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 450: 445: 442: 440: 432: 431:Elder Futhark 429:, written in 428: 424: 419: 417: 413: 409: 407: 401: 399: 393: 391: 385: 383: 378: 374: 372: 366: 362: 359: 355: 353: 348: 344: 341: 337: 335: 328: 324: 320: 310: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 283: 278: 269: 265: 260: 257: 253: 248: 244: 239: 234: 230: 224: 222: 216: 213: 212:Binomial name 209: 205: 204: 199: 196: 195: 192: 191: 187: 184: 183: 180: 177: 174: 173: 170: 167: 164: 163: 160: 157: 154: 153: 150: 147: 144: 143: 140: 137: 134: 133: 130: 127: 124: 123: 120: 117: 114: 113: 108: 103: 99: 93: 88: 87:Least Concern 77: 73: 68: 61: 57: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 8291: 8233: 8221: 8210:H. amphibius 8209: 8199:Hippopotamus 8197: 8177:Whippomorpha 8146: 8137: 8128: 8116: 8104: 8095: 8086: 8077: 8065: 8014: 8002: 7990: 7978: 7966: 7954: 7929: 7920: 7911: 7902: 7893: 7884: 7875: 7866: 7858:S. cebifrons 7857: 7848: 7839: 7827: 7815: 7806: 7794: 7782: 7770: 7759:P. africanus 7758: 7749: 7739:Phacochoerus 7737: 7725: 7713: 7701: 7692: 7684:B. babyrussa 7683: 7671: 7620: 7608: 7596: 7588:P. maxwellii 7587: 7579:P. monticola 7578: 7566: 7554: 7545: 7536: 7527: 7519:C. rufilatus 7518: 7509: 7500: 7491: 7482: 7473: 7464: 7455: 7446: 7437: 7436:Bay duiker ( 7429:C. crusalbum 7428: 7419: 7410: 7401: 7389: 7381:Cephalophini 7364: 7356:R. melanotis 7355: 7346: 7334: 7322: 7310: 7298: 7286: 7274: 7266:N. moschatus 7265: 7256: 7244: 7232: 7223: 7214: 7206:M. guentheri 7205: 7193: 7182:D. megalotis 7181: 7169: 7144: 7132: 7121:P. hodgsonii 7120: 7108: 7085: 7076: 7068:P. gutturosa 7067: 7055: 7043: 7034: 7025: 7016: 7007: 6995: 6983: 6971: 6959: 6950: 6941: 6932: 6924:G. erlangeri 6923: 6914: 6905: 6897:G. bennettii 6896: 6884: 6872: 6864:E. thomsonii 6863: 6855:E. rufifrons 6854: 6845: 6833: 6821: 6809: 6797: 6785: 6773: 6761: 6703: 6695:T. derbianus 6694: 6682: 6670: 6661: 6652: 6643: 6634: 6626:T. eurycerus 6625: 6616: 6607: 6583: 6575:Tragelaphini 6558: 6546: 6534: 6522: 6510: 6501: 6493:B. javanicus 6492: 6483: 6475:B. grunniens 6474: 6465: 6457:B. frontalis 6456: 6447: 6438: 6429: 6417: 6405: 6396: 6387: 6378: 6369: 6357: 6332: 6320: 6308: 6296: 6243:R. rupicapra 6242: 6234:R. pyrenaica 6233: 6221: 6209: 6197: 6185: 6176: 6175:Snow sheep ( 6167: 6158: 6157:Dall sheep ( 6149: 6140: 6131: 6119: 6108:N. hylocrius 6107: 6095: 6084:O. moschatus 6083: 6071: 6059: 6047: 6035: 6026: 6017: 6008: 5996: 5984: 5972: 5960: 5951: 5942: 5933: 5921: 5909: 5908:Walia ibex ( 5900: 5892:C. pyrenaica 5891: 5882: 5873: 5864: 5856:C. falconeri 5855: 5846: 5837: 5828: 5816: 5805:B. taxicolor 5804: 5792: 5780: 5768: 5756: 5744: 5660:P. hodgsonii 5659: 5647: 5622: 5613: 5603:Connochaetes 5601: 5589: 5588:Hartebeest ( 5577: 5565: 5556: 5544: 5532: 5520: 5512:Alcelaphinae 5496:P. capreolus 5495: 5483: 5458: 5446: 5421: 5412: 5404:R. arundinum 5403: 5391: 5379: 5371:K. megaceros 5370: 5361: 5352: 5343: 5331: 5306: 5294: 5282: 5273: 5264: 5255: 5243: 5231: 5222: 5210: 5157: 5148: 5139: 5127: 5115: 5106: 5093: 5081: 5071: 5059: 5047: 5046:Marsh deer ( 5035: 5023: 5011: 4999: 4990: 4981: 4972: 4963: 4954: 4945: 4936: 4928:M. americana 4927: 4915: 4903: 4894: 4884:Hippocamelus 4882: 4870: 4858: 4846: 4838:C. capreolus 4837: 4835: 4825: 4813: 4812:Water deer ( 4801: 4789: 4777: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4704: 4692: 4683: 4675:R. mariannus 4674: 4665: 4653: 4641: 4629: 4617: 4616:Eld's deer ( 4608: 4607:Barasingha ( 4596: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4557: 4545: 4533: 4524: 4512: 4500: 4488: 4476: 4468:M. vaginalis 4467: 4458: 4449: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4413: 4404: 4395: 4386: 4377: 4369:M. atherodes 4368: 4356: 4279: 4270: 4262:T. nigricans 4261: 4252: 4243: 4235:T. javanicus 4234: 4222: 4210: 4201: 4192: 4180: 4169:H. aquaticus 4168: 4156: 4131: 4122: 4113: 4104: 4095: 4086: 4077: 4065: 4040: 4031: 4022: 4013: 4001: 3990:O. johnstoni 3989: 3977: 3953:A. americana 3952: 3940: 3902:Superorder: 3896:Infraclass: 3867:Artiodactyla 3806: 3786:. 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Retrieved 1470: 1464: 1458: 1425: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1396: 1376:Mount Carmel 1371: 1357: 1345: 1333: 1330:Conservation 1320: 1280:last ice age 1276: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1256:Late Miocene 1252:Procapreolus 1251: 1249: 1236:organic food 1229: 1221: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1184: 1182: 1173: 1166: 1163: 1137: 1126:Reproduction 1120: 1099: 1088: 1060: 1031: 1022: 1009: 985: 968: 937: 924: 900: 897:Distribution 887: 861: 812: 788: 772: 757: 744: 733: 723: 714: 708: 704: 700: 689: 677: 669: 658: 652: 647:C. capreolus 646: 623: 617: 612: 591: 586: 574: 566: 557: 543: 535: 519: 515: 511: 507: 505: 494: 484: 452: 446: 443: 438: 420: 415: 403: 395: 387: 379: 368: 365:Middle Dutch 360: 349: 342: 331: 321:is from the 318: 317:The English 316: 302: 295:European roe 294: 290: 286: 281: 280: 276: 274: 263: 262: 220: 218: 202: 201: 189: 159:Artiodactyla 29: 8445:iNaturalist 8316:Wikispecies 8087:L. guanicoe 7946:Tayassuidae 7910:Wild boar ( 7849:S. barbatus 7807:P. larvatus 7783:P. salvania 7781:Pygmy hog ( 7715:Hylochoerus 7568:Philantomba 7456:C. jentinki 7438:C. dorsalis 7391:Cephalophus 7275:N. pygmaeus 7233:M. saltiana 7171:Dorcatragus 7145:S. tatarica 7035:N. petersii 6973:Litocranius 6873:E. tilonura 6820:Blackbuck ( 6796:Springbok ( 6739:Antilopinae 6737:(subfamily 6684:Taurotragus 6651:Sitatunga ( 6644:T. scriptus 6635:T. imberbis 6592:(including 6585:Tragelaphus 6406:B. quarlesi 6288:Boselaphini 6272:(subfamily 6177:O. nivicola 6018:N. caudatus 6007:Red goral ( 5998:Naemorhedus 5961:C. swinhoei 5941:Red serow ( 5923:Capricornis 5901:C. sibirica 5838:C. caucasia 5829:C. aegagrus 5827:Wild goat ( 5781:A. jayakari 5770:Arabitragus 5729:(subfamily 5700:Antilopinae 5623:C. taurinus 5566:D. pygargus 5459:A. melampus 5380:K. vardonii 5342:Waterbuck ( 5283:O. leucoryx 5212:Hippotragus 5140:O. hemionus 5138:Mule deer ( 5037:Blastocerus 4946:M. bricenii 4904:H. bisulcus 4871:R. tarandus 4847:C. pygargus 4769:Capreolinae 4751:Sika deer ( 4693:R. unicolor 4682:Rusa deer ( 4585:A. porcinus 4405:M. montanus 4202:M. kathygre 3951:Pronghorn ( 3942:Antilocapra 3744:20 November 3718:19 November 3714:. Bible Hub 3676:19 November 3672:. Bible Hub 3654:19 November 3650:. Bible Hub 3468:17 November 2973:BMC Ecology 2795:14 November 2716:20 November 2689:20 November 2508:C. pygargus 2372:C. pygargus 2284:(1): 1–16. 2246:20 November 2208:21 November 2194:) roe deer" 2192:C. pygargus 2048:19 November 1896:С. pygargus 1681:pp. 389-91. 1626:20 November 1601:20 November 1549:19 November 1486:19 November 1384:fallow deer 1348:Deuteronomy 1323:Middle Ages 1300:Carpathians 1224:game animal 1149:monoestrous 1145:inappetence 1095:crepuscular 956:Württemberg 903:Scandinavia 878:Amur Oblast 874:Transbaikal 826:Description 779:Capreolinae 754:Systematics 699:; although 449:Koiné Greek 323:Old English 179:Capreolinae 175:Subfamily: 49:Young male 8631:Capreolini 8610:Categories 8223:Choeropsis 8105:L. vicugna 7991:C. wagneri 7894:S. oliveri 7885:S. heureni 7621:S. grimmia 7610:Sylvicapra 7597:P. walteri 7510:C. rubidis 7501:C. ogilbyi 7447:C. harveyi 7411:C. brookei 7365:R. sharpei 7345:Steenbok ( 7336:Raphicerus 7288:Oreotragus 7161:Neotragini 7110:Pantholops 7026:N. notatus 6984:L. walleri 6933:G. gazella 6906:G. cuvieri 6895:Chinkara ( 6787:Antidorcas 6774:A. clarkei 6763:Ammodorcas 6753:Antilopini 6653:T. spekeii 6617:T. buxtoni 6608:T. angasii 6500:Wild yak ( 6484:B. indicus 6439:B. bonasus 6379:B. bubalis 6322:Boselaphus 6298:Tetracerus 6168:O. gmelini 6036:N. griseus 6009:N. baileyi 5974:Hemitragus 5943:C. rubidus 5934:C. crispus 5883:C. nubiana 5746:Ammotragus 5649:Pantholops 5579:Alcelaphus 5564:Bontebok ( 5557:D. lunatus 5546:Damaliscus 5533:B. hunteri 5422:R. redunca 5323:Reduncinae 5274:O. gazella 5223:H. equinus 5149:O. pandora 5129:Odocoileus 5013:Ozotoceros 4869:Reindeer ( 4814:H. inermis 4803:Hydropotes 4726:C. elaphus 4724:Red deer ( 4666:R. alfredi 4583:Hog deer ( 4441:M. reevesi 4414:M. muntjak 4244:T. kanchil 4211:M. meminna 4158:Hyemoschus 4148:Tragulidae 4105:M. cupreus 4023:G. giraffa 3969:Giraffidae 3920:Ruminantia 3788:2022-05-10 3493:from Iran" 3330:2023-03-03 3174:2023-03-12 3096:2018-03-29 3076:"Roe Deer" 2979:(49): 49. 2780:(Report). 2762:2013-01-02 2710:Zoogdieren 2594:. Oxford: 1802:: 296–310. 1788:Gray, J.E. 1766:Capraginus 1720:"Pygargus" 1648:18 October 1437:References 1350:14:5, the 1208:herbivores 1151:and after 1140:polygamous 1075:succession 869:Kazakhstan 760:water deer 663:subspecies 638:Subspecies 550:in Latin. 546:capruginus 538:capraginus 475:and later 465:Septuagint 427:talus bone 367:and Dutch 8175:Suborder 8085:Guanaco ( 8057:Camelidae 8043:Suborder 8015:D. tajacu 8004:Dicotyles 7980:Catagonus 7967:T. pecari 7912:S. scrofa 7816:P. porcus 7805:Bushpig ( 7673:Babyrousa 7649:Suborder 7546:C. weynsi 7537:C. spadix 7402:C. adersi 7323:O. ourebi 7257:N. batesi 7246:Neotragus 7215:M. kirkii 7017:N. granti 6982:Gerenuk ( 6951:G. spekei 6915:G. dorcas 6772:Dibatag ( 6559:S. caffer 6524:Pseudoryx 6511:B. taurus 6491:Banteng ( 6466:B. gaurus 6395:Tamaraw ( 6241:Chamois ( 6223:Rupicapra 6210:P. nayaur 6186:O. vignei 6166:Mouflon ( 5865:C. hircus 5854:Markhor ( 5757:A. lervia 5522:Beatragus 5448:Aepyceros 5272:Gemsbok ( 5265:O. dammah 5107:P. carlae 5000:M. temama 4991:M. rufina 4955:M. chunyi 4937:M. bororo 4827:Capreolus 4753:C. nippon 4744:C. hanglu 4631:Elaphurus 4576:A. kuhlii 4490:Elaphodus 4358:Muntiacus 4193:M. indica 4182:Moschiola 4114:M. fuscus 4057:Moschidae 3918:Suborder 3878:Kingdom: 3738:WordHippo 3583:Capreolus 3372:1365-3008 2951:220064692 2790:0967-876X 2318:: e8114. 2132:"Species 1898:) Косуль" 1848:Capreolus 1353:יַחְמ֑וּר 1240:game meat 1212:omnivores 1193:of Iran. 1189:) in the 1085:Behaviour 1079:Neolithic 1036:from the 949:extensive 911:Neolithic 795:sympatric 775:subfamily 632:Don River 605:karyotypy 587:Capreolus 575:Capreolus 571:monotypic 563:described 508:Capreolus 503:'white'. 473:Herodotus 469:Hesychius 402:, German 358:Old Saxon 347:Old Norse 313:Etymology 197:Species: 190:Capreolus 125:Kingdom: 119:Eukaryota 35:Roe deer 8621:Roe deer 8515:14200217 8463:10229244 8343:BioLib: 8301:Wikidata 8147:C. ferus 8103:Vicuña ( 8096:L. pacos 8094:Alpaca ( 8078:L. glama 8045:Tylopoda 7555:C. zebra 7483:C. niger 7057:Procapra 6835:Eudorcas 6811:Antilope 6548:Syncerus 6509:Cattle ( 6502:B. mutus 6430:B. bison 6370:B. arnee 6331:Nilgai ( 6208:Bharal ( 6199:Pseudois 6159:O. dalli 6141:O. aries 6132:O. ammon 6130:Argali ( 6082:Muskox ( 6049:Oreamnos 6027:N. goral 5910:C. walie 5794:Budorcas 5731:Caprinae 5676:Caprinae 5531:Hirola ( 5475:Peleinae 5457:Impala ( 5362:K. leche 5360:Lechwe ( 5256:O. beisa 5232:H. niger 4893:Taruca ( 4860:Rangifer 4790:A. alces 4691:Sambar ( 4618:R. eldii 4598:Rucervus 4556:Chital ( 4348:Cervinae 4335:Cervidae 4296:Cervidae 4224:Tragulus 3898:Eutheria 3892:Mammalia 3886:Chordata 3884:Phylum: 3880:Animalia 3694:(1897). 3634:12138780 3622:Genetika 3519:25568698 3380:85180707 3229:13 March 3216:18689655 3149:13 March 3060:29 March 3013:32867734 2899:23403955 2838:86318774 2816:Forestry 2672:"Rådyr ( 2625:NBC News 2554:25271423 2514:PLOS ONE 2398:25720144 2344:32110477 2164:62265494 2111:28725397 2020:21897868 1980:PLOS ONE 1957:33566777 1949:20413959 1872:85170836 1852:Mammalia 1790:(1821). 1762:(1934). 1718:(1698). 1316:red deer 1298:and the 1198:nematode 1063:habitats 927:Flanders 768:reindeer 738:nominate 559:Linnaeus 554:Taxonomy 461:pygargos 455:πύγαργος 307:Caucasus 277:roe deer 256:Synonyms 229:Linnaeus 169:Cervidae 165:Family: 149:Mammalia 139:Chordata 135:Phylum: 129:Animalia 115:Domain: 92:IUCN 3.1 18:Roe Deer 8502:1006286 8437:5220126 8307:Q122069 8259:Cetacea 8250:Cetacea 8118:Camelus 8076:Llama ( 7956:Tayassu 7772:Porcula 7321:Oribi ( 7312:Ourebia 7195:Madoqua 7180:Beira ( 7101:Saigini 7008:N. dama 6886:Gazella 6735:Bovidae 6733:Family 6704:T. oryx 6624:Bongo ( 6606:Nyala ( 6533:Saola ( 6455:Gayal ( 6359:Bubalus 6274:Bovinae 6270:Bovidae 6268:Family 6184:Urial ( 5874:C. ibex 5803:Takin ( 5727:Bovidae 5725:Family 5688:Bovinae 5614:C. gnou 5393:Redunca 5305:Addax ( 5189:Bovidae 5187:Family 5095:Pudella 5082:P. pudu 4973:M. nana 4788:Moose ( 4558:A. axis 4525:D. dama 4387:M. feae 4333:Family 4308:Bovidae 4253:T. napu 4067:Moschus 4003:Giraffa 3988:Okapi ( 3890:Class: 3869:species 3865:Extant 3595:Bibcode 3552:: 1–7. 3510:4279657 3463:3802739 3278:4694121 3258:Bibcode 3224:6146837 3004:7457502 2981:Bibcode 2929:Bibcode 2890:3568846 2869:Bibcode 2656:May 17, 2630:May 17, 2545:4182808 2522:Bibcode 2487:3542209 2467:Bibcode 2406:7659420 2335:7034380 2204:: 13–21 2102:5513270 2081:Bibcode 2011:3163676 1988:Bibcode 1342:Culture 1296:Balkans 1290:in the 1288:refugia 1258:to the 1232:venison 1057:Habitat 1044:Ecology 1006:Ireland 988:Caspian 976:Bristol 972:Glasgow 934:Britain 921:Belgium 785:Hybrids 742:endemic 726:extreme 720:- Italy 686:- Spain 532:chamois 338:, from 303:roebuck 185:Genus: 155:Order: 145:Class: 90: ( 8580:149382 8567:460517 8476:625063 8411:305258 8398:CAPRCA 8385:308479 8359:329712 7663:Suidae 7264:Suni ( 6997:Nanger 6482:Zebu ( 6464:Gaur ( 6349:Bovini 6073:Ovibos 5378:Puku ( 5353:K. kob 4917:Mazama 4706:Cervus 3979:Okapia 3778:Xinhua 3632: 3517: 3507: 3461: 3378: 3370: 3302: 3276: 3222: 3214: 3011: 3001: 2949: 2897: 2887: 2836: 2788: 2602: 2552: 2542: 2485: 2432:]" 2404: 2396: 2342: 2332: 2162: 2152: 2109: 2099: 2018: 2008: 1955: 1947: 1870: 1673: 1572: 1427:Albino 1362:Arabic 1358:yahmur 1091:refuge 1028:Israel 930:west. 915:Jordan 891:velvet 880:, and 684:, 1910 682:Miller 573:genus 561:first 530:' or ' 516:caprea 439:raïhan 435:ᚱᚨᛇᚺᚨᚾ 343:*raihô 63:Female 8489:42395 8458:IRMNG 8450:42184 8346:20894 7651:Suina 7134:Saiga 7075:Goa ( 6594:kudus 5818:Capra 5485:Pelea 5351:Kob ( 5333:Kobus 5296:Addax 4779:Alces 4733:Elk ( 3459:JSTOR 3376:S2CID 3274:S2CID 3220:S2CID 3090:(PDF) 3079:(PDF) 3050:(PDF) 2947:S2CID 2834:S2CID 2706:"Ree" 2483:S2CID 2402:S2CID 2312:PeerJ 1953:S2CID 1868:S2CID 1591:"Roe" 1412:Bambi 1372:ahmar 865:Urals 764:moose 705:et al 583:taxon 524:Latin 512:capra 481:addax 477:Pliny 451:name 416:*rei- 414:root 293:, or 8593:3401 8541:9858 8536:NCBI 8484:IUCN 8471:ITIS 8432:GBIF 8393:EPPO 8372:QSF3 8354:BOLD 8257:see 8067:Lama 6121:Ovis 5245:Oryx 5061:Pudu 4655:Rusa 4547:Axis 4514:Dama 3746:2020 3720:2020 3678:2020 3656:2020 3630:PMID 3585:)". 3550:2018 3542:L.)" 3515:PMID 3470:2020 3368:ISSN 3350:Oryx 3300:ISBN 3231:2023 3212:PMID 3151:2023 3062:2018 3009:PMID 2925:2020 2895:PMID 2797:2020 2786:ISSN 2718:2020 2691:2020 2658:2024 2632:2024 2600:ISBN 2550:PMID 2394:PMID 2340:PMID 2248:2020 2210:2020 2160:OCLC 2150:ISBN 2107:PMID 2077:2016 2050:2020 2016:PMID 1945:PMID 1671:ISBN 1650:2019 1628:2020 1603:2020 1570:ISBN 1551:2020 1488:2021 1471:2016 1367:أحمر 1304:Alps 1218:Uses 1210:and 1196:The 1138:The 1109:Diet 982:Iran 974:and 804:taxa 766:and 653:The 630:and 528:ibex 520:olus 498:argo 488:pyge 447:The 398:rēia 390:rēho 361:rēho 334:rāha 299:deer 275:The 233:1758 8588:TSA 8554:418 8523:NBN 8510:MSW 8497:MDD 8380:EoL 8367:CoL 8331:ADW 7829:Sus 6419:Bos 3603:doi 3591:212 3554:doi 3505:PMC 3451:doi 3411:doi 3407:244 3358:doi 3266:doi 3202:doi 3140:doi 2999:PMC 2989:doi 2937:doi 2885:PMC 2877:doi 2824:doi 2540:PMC 2530:doi 2475:doi 2386:doi 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