220:– Eikhe wrote to Stalin on 1 October 1938, renouncing his confession. He sent a second declaration, on 27 October, saying that his confession had been mostly written by Ushakov, "who utilised the knowledge that my broken ribs have not properly mended and have caused me great pain." He persisted in asserting his innocence during his closed trial, on 2 February 1940, but was sentenced to death nonetheless. The following day, he was taken to Beria's office, and subjected to a prolonged beating by the expert torturer
177:, making him one of the dozen or so most powerful men in the Soviet Union. At the start of the Great Purge, Eikhe showed utter ruthlessness in eliminating anyone who came under suspicion. On 28 June 1937, he was named as a member of a troika (three member commission) which was given special instructions by the Politburo to round up and execute peasants who had been exiled to Siberia during collectivisation. Its chairman was the recently appointed head of the West Siberian NKVD,
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166:. In a single month, in May–June 1931, 39,788 peasant families in West Siberia had their farms seized. In 1933, he opposed a plan to deport a million more victims from Ukraine and west Russia to Siberia, saying that the area could accommodate a maximum of 250,000.
127:, Eikhe was appointed First Secretary of the Siberian territorial communist party. From 1930, after a boundary change, he was First Secretary of the West Siberian regional party committee, and a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in 1930–1938.
653:
185:. By 5 October, the troika had sentenced 13,216 people to death, and 6,205 to the Gulag. Among the victims were Eikhe's former second-in-command V.P. Shubrikov and the chairman of the West Siberian territorial party executive, F.P. Griadinsky
224:
and another officer (Major
General Anatoly Esaulov), in a final attempt to force him to confess. Despite being knocked out and beaten while he was prone, and having an eye gouged out, he refused to confess, and was taken away for execution.
285:"ТАЛОВСКАЯ ТРАГЕДИЯРасследование сталинских репрессий в Тайгинском районе Западно Сибирского края 1920 — 1953 гг. (Talov tragedyInvestigation of the Stalinist repressions in the Taiginsky district of the West Siberian Territory 1920–1953)"
472:
150:(the name given to 'rich' peasants, or more generally to any who resisted collectivisation). Eikhe called for "the most hostile, reactionary kulaks" to be held in concentration camps in "distant areas of the North" such as
103:, believing that he was no longer at risk of a long prison sentence, but was arrested in 1915 and exiled to East Siberia. He escaped to Irkutsk and worked in an oil factory under a false name. He returned to Riga after the
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89:. Arrested in August 1907, he spent two months in prison. In February 1908, he was arrested with 18 others at an illegal meeting; he was released under police supervision after six months in prison.
192:" - in which thousands of Latvians were arrested and killed – Eikhe was summoned to Moscow, and on 30 October 1937 was appointed to the lesser post of USSR People's Commissar for Agriculture.
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107:, but was arrested during the German occupation in January 1918. He escaped to Moscow in July 1918. During 1919, he was People's Commissar for Food in the short-lived
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in what was then
Courland province, in modern-day Latvia. He left school at the age of 13 or 14 to become an apprentice in a locksmith's workshop and joined the
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At the end of 1908 he emigrated to the UK. He was a stoker on a steamboat on long voyages, worked in
Scotland at a coal mine, and later at a zinc smelter in
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397:"On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, Speech to the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (the Secret Speech)"
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212:, he confessed to various counter-revolutionary crimes, and implicated others, but after Ushakov had been arrested – when
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142:, which drafted instructions on eliminating private farms and forcing the farmers onto collective farms. Speaking in
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Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Eikhe's wife
Yevgenia Yevseyevna Rubtsova was arrested with him in April 1938 and shot on 26 August.
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674:
Members of the
Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Members of the
Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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244:
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Candidates of the
Politburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Eikhe was also a member of the
Politburo commission appointed in January 1930, chaired by
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The Road to Terror, Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939
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throughout the USSR. After being brutally tortured by an NKVD officer named
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The Industrialisation of Russia, volume 1: The Socialist Offensive
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Eikhe's torture and execution was a prominent theme of the famous
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on 27 January 1930, he called for brutal measures against the
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17th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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100:
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Robert Eikhe's parents were farm labourers on an estate in
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The House of Government, A Saga of the Russian Revolution
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province. He was based in Siberia for the next 18 years.
85:(which was closely aligned to the Bolsheviks) during the
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Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members
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People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union
16:
Latvian Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician
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First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
46:; August 12, 1890 — February 4, 1940) was a
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169:In January 1935, following the assassination of
309:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard U.P. p. 234.
173:, Eikhe was elected a candidate member of the
57:politician who was the provincial head of the
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200:Eikhe was arrested on 29 April 1938, as the
65:of agriculture, until his arrest during the
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330:J. Arch Getty, and Oleg V. Naumov (1999).
204:enacted Order 49990, which called for the
83:Social Democracy of the Latvian Territory
359:. Princeton: Princeton U.P. p. 761.
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216:was replaced as head of the NKVD by
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123:In 1929, as a trusted supporter of
59:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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243:in February 1956. He was formally
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725:
714:Executed Great Purge perpetrators
109:Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
694:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
644:People from Courland Governorate
704:Great Purge victims from Latvia
639:People from Dobele Municipality
188:During the preparation of the "
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179:Sergei Naumovich Mironov
28:Robert Indrikovich Eikhe
355:Slezkine, Yuri (2019).
206:mass arrest of Latvians
99:In 1911, he settled in
709:Soviet rehabilitations
395:Khrushchev, Nikita S.
264:Эйхе Роберт Индрикович
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61:in Siberia during the
44:Роберт Индрикович Эйхе
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537:Grigory Ordzhonikidze
305:Davies, R.W. (1980).
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119:Party boss in Siberia
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196:Arrest and execution
441:House of Government
426:House of Government
382:House of Government
105:February Revolution
36:Roberts Eihe (Ēķis)
532:Vyacheslav Molotov
527:Valerian Kuybyshev
502:Kliment Voroshilov
428:. pp. 841–42.
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608:Nikita Khrushchev
573:Grigory Petrovsky
561:Candidate members
239:delivered at the
237:Nikita Khrushchev
190:Latvian Operation
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507:Lazar Kaganovich
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517:Sergei Kirov
490:Full members
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171:Sergei Kirov
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134:Robert Eikhe
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23:Robert Eikhe
634:1940 deaths
629:1890 births
588:Vlas Chubar
552:Vlas Chubar
484:(1934–1939)
222:Boris Rodos
144:Novosibirsk
113:Chelyabinsk
67:Great Purge
623:Categories
439:Slezkine.
424:Slezkine.
409:1 December
380:Slezkine.
290:1 December
251:References
156:Turukhansk
73:Early life
175:Politburo
164:Yeniseysk
51:Bolshevik
140:Molotov
48:Latvian
40:Russian
32:Latvian
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338:
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148:kulaks
55:Soviet
400:(PDF)
183:Gulag
160:Tomsk
152:Narym
411:2019
361:ISBN
336:ISBN
311:ISBN
292:2019
202:NKVD
101:Riga
53:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
