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Yamane, dug into a crate, retrieving what he believed to be a textbook, but soon discovered it to be meeting minutes from a gathering of all of Japan's armories. The notes contained locations of the armories, the number of weapons held by
Imperial Japan, spare parts held, and indicated that Japan had half the number of weapons available to it in 1944 as it did in 1943. Yamane immediately contacted his superior, who contacted the War Department, which translated the text into English. The U.S. then located and destroyed the armories. Yamane called this act his "Proof of Loyalty" because he claimed he could have easily not reported the document to his superiors. A 2017 film,
136:, Pennsylvania. The Jewish refugees were qualified for these tasks because they knew the German language and understood the German mentality and behavior better than most American-born soldiers. The role of these soldiers was therefore to work in the front lines, at strategic corps and army levels, at interrogation, analyzing German forces and plans, and also to study and demoralize the enemy. The majority of them went on to work as members of the US
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the first chapter describing the various German army units.....He also prepared a study called "Political
Introduction and Morale-Building in the German Army." ...He served as dean of the Culinary Institute of America. He also spent 20 years as the Director of Auxiliary Services at University of the Pacific, overseeing housing and food services.
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My friend and comrade Fred Howard found that the German soldiers were afraid beyond everything else of landing in
Russian captivity," Stern said. "We played on that fear by telling the enemy soldiers that we had orders to turn them over to the Russians if they did not cooperate. We got vital info for
250:
Following the sale of Fort
Ritchie in April 2021, a museum and educational center was opened on June 9th, 2023 to continue commemorating the story of the Ritchie Boys in the location where they originally trained. On April 25, 2022, Maryland State Senator Paul Corderman officially announced $ 400,000
151:
ordered them both to be summarily executed, saying "The Jews have no right to live in
Germany." He was captured on February 15, 1945, put on trial for these murders, and sentenced to death by firing squad. Bruns was executed on June 15, 1945, the first WWII war criminal to be executed by the US Army.
1912:
They had about 30 classes at Camp Richie, and
Fairbrook was in the fourth class before the barracks were even built....He was then transferred to a secret camp called P.O. Box 1142, between Alexandria and Mount Vernon, Va....He worked on a book titled "The German Army Order of Battle 1942," writing
1692:
I met a number of interesting men at Camp
Ritchie who would intersect with my life later on: Phillip Johnson, then a junior architect who had already been involved with the Museum of Modern Art; John Kluge, who was born in Germany and later would found Metromedia; John Oakes, who later edited the
209:
for the PACMIRS program (Pacific
Military Intelligence Research Service) to translate documents the U.S. Navy captured in Saipan in July 1944. Fifteen crates of documents were sent to Camp Ritchie for training purposes and were not considered to have any military intelligence. One Nisei, Kazuo
964:
In 2015, the book "Immigrant
Soldier: The Story of a Ritchie Boy" by K. Lang-Slattery was published. It is a fictionalized historical account based on the experiences of her uncle, Herman Lang, a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany who escaped to America via England, was trained at Camp Ritchie,
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with the Elie Wiesel Award, the museum's highest honor to recognize "the unique role they played serving the United States and advancing our victory over
Germany". Ritchie Boys Arno Mayer and Gideon Kantor were present to accept the award while a keynote speech was given by
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Paul Fairbrook...And it took a year and a half before it was finished. And, when it was finished, some of us – I mean, here's the order of battle book and I have it – and when it was finished I believe that – I mean it was dated 1st of March,
980:. Victor Brombert, 97, Paul Fairbrook, 98, and Guy Stern, 99, gave personal testimony. On January 2, 2022, an expanded one hour version called "60 Minutes Presents" was shown. The program re-aired on July 3, 2022, due to its popularity.
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to obtain information about German force levels, troop movements, and the physical and psychological state of the Germans. A common interrogation tactic was to use the Germans' fear of transfer into Soviet custody. By means of targeted
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of state funding for the creation of a museum at Camp Ritchie to honor the legacy of the Ritchie Boys and the history of the Army Post. Then museum director, Landon Grove, presented a number of talks and interviews, including several
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training facility. Most of the men sent to Camp Ritchie for training were assigned there because of fluency in German, French, Italian, Polish, or other languages needed by the US Army during WWII. They had been
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was made possible by information gathered by their MIS units. Moreover, the Ritchie Boys helped break German resistance by demoralizing them in both open and covert operations. They interrogated
172:, 6 June 1944. Others followed over time. Shortly after reaching land, they left their units and pursued their special tasks. They were able to feed the Allies valuable information. Gen.
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1997:
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via newspaper announcements, flyers, radio broadcasts, and sound trucks, the German population and military were encouraged to cease their resistance to the Allied invasion.
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2213:"Ritchie Boys: The secret U.S. unit bolstered by German-born Jews that helped the Allies beat Hitler". CBS, "60 Minutes," Season 53, episode 34, first presented May 9, 2021.
2196:(Transcript) Produced by Katherine Davis. Associate producer, Jennifer Dozor. Broadcast associate, Elizabeth Germino. Edited by Stephanie Palewski Brumbach and Robert Zimet.
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our Air Force that way. I disguised myself as a Soviet commissar and liaison officer. I donned a Russian uniform for that purpose; Fred played a soft-hearted American.
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2486:"Intelligence in Literature and Media: Reviewed: Sons and Soldiers: The Untold Story of the Jews Who Escaped the Nazis and Returned with the US Army to Fight Hitler"
1069:"Intelligence in Literature and Media: Reviewed: Sons and Soldiers: The Untold Story of the Jews Who Escaped the Nazis and Returned with the US Army to Fight Hitler"
955:
1471:
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Spracher, William C.; Kramar, Mark (2013). "Just-in-Time Intelligence Training in World War II: The Legacy of the "Ritchie Boys" Seven Decades Later (Part I)".
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Dissertation: How can Strategic People Networks (SPNs) be successful? – An inquiry into the causes and nature of social networks striving toward a mutual goal
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1275:, History Office, Office of Strategic Management and Information, US Army Intelligence and Security Command, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, Dec 2005; p. 33.
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A classified postwar report by the U.S. Army found that nearly 60 percent of the credible intelligence gathered in Europe came from the Ritchie Boys.
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1693:'New York Times' editorial page; and Fred Henderson, part Apache Indian and a regular Army officer who made a career with the CIA after the War.
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2004:
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refugees who were part of this program had originally arrived in the US as children, many without their parents, and were also among the
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Fort Ritchie is a new mixed-use development on a 591-acre former Army post in Cascade, Maryland. Corporate Office Properties Trust
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returned to Germany as a US soldier specializing in prisoner interrogation and translation, and served under General Patton.
859:
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Anyone who attended Camp Ritchie is considered a Ritchie Boy for this list, whether or not they went on to serve in Europe.
49:, many of the total 22,000 service men and women were German-speaking immigrants to the United States, often Jews, who fled
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Sons and Soldiers: The Untold Story of the Jews Who Escaped the Nazis and Returned with the U.S. Army to Fight Hitler
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Sons and Soldiers: The Untold Story of the Jews Who Escaped the Nazis and Returned with the U.S. Army to Fight Hitler
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1447:"Text – S.Res.349 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): A resolution honoring the contributions of the Ritchie Boys"
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Camp Ritchie had been the Maryland National Guard Camp for years....There was a prince of Bourbon-Parma
237:
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The parent organization of the Ritchie Boys, the MIS, was commanded in Washington by Brigadier General
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1246:"Ritchie Boys: The secret U.S. unit bolstered by German-born Jews who helped the Allies beat Hitler"
1107:"Ritchie Boys: The secret U.S. unit bolstered by German-born Jews who helped the Allies beat Hitler"
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1556:"Austrian Graduates of the Military Intelligence Training Centers: Camp Ritchie & Camp Sharpe"
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After the war, many of the Ritchie Boys served as translators and interrogators, some during the
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597:
483:
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persecution. In addition to interrogation and counter-intelligence they were also trained in
2124:
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970:
On May 9, 2021, the story of the Ritchie Boys was presented in a forty-minute segment of the
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in order to study and demoralize the enemy, and served as prosecutors and translators in the
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Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
2098:"Author Talk: Kathryn Lang-Slattery – Immigrant Soldier: The Story of a Ritchie Boy"
559:
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announced he expected to introduce in Congress a bill to award the Ritchie Boys the
147:, two Ritchie Boys were recognized due to their accents, after which German officer
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Ritchie Boy Secrets: How a Force of Immigrants and Refugees Helped Win World War II
2341:
Ritchie Boy Secrets: How a Force of Immigrants and Refugees Helped Win World War II
2314:
Ritchie Boy Secrets: How a Force of Immigrants and Refugees Helped Win World War II
1895:
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I was assigned to write the Red Book, the 'Order of Battle Book of the German Army'
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I Must be a Part of this War: A German American's Fight against Hitler and Nazism,
232:
The first-ever reunion of the Ritchie Boys took place from 23–25 July 2011 at the
1472:"Segment on WWII Ritchie Boys from Washington County camp to air on '60 Minutes'"
1294:"Holocaust refugee turned American Soldier never forgot the horrors he witnessed"
1219:
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On October 31, 2022, a press conference was held at Fort Ritchie and Congressman
229:. Many of them went on to successful political, scientific, or business careers.
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members, who were trained for U.S. Army Intelligence during WWII at the secret
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Cooney, Jerry W., and Thomas L. Whigham. "Harris Gaylord Warren (1906–1988)."
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240:, Michigan. Another reunion was held in June 2012 in Washington, D.C., and at
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with sizable numbers of German-Austrian recruits who were used primarily for
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In August 2021 the Ritchie Boys were honored in a congressional resolution.
3031:
2183:
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Dahlit, Brin (8 November 2005). "Appendix A: Andrè Kostolany (1906–1999)".
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117:
109:
81:
42:
30:
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America's Secret Army: The Untold Story of the Counter Intelligence Corps.
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on December 11, 1941, the Ritchie Boys became an important weapon for the
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703:
572:
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513:
452:
271:
264:
133:
76:
The Ritchie Boys consisted of approximately 20,000 servicemen, and 2,000
2365:
2125:"Maximilian Lerner, Whose Espionage Skills Helped Win a War, Dies at 98"
1402:
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and when their ability to speak the language of an enemy was discovered
3222:
Military units and formations of the United States Army in World War II
2264:
During WWII he was in military intelligence (Field Interrogation Unit).
1726:
976:
909:
894:
688:
637:
607:
316: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
173:
148:
1924:
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Center of Military History United States Army, Washington, D.C., 1998.
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discussions in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to spread the story of the soldiers.
189:
291:
1561:. Austrian Center for Intelligence, Propaganda and Security Studies
1006:
612:
113:
2044:"Biography Breakfast meeting will focus on musician, newspaperman"
1272:
In the Shadow of the Sphynx: A History of Army Counterintelligence
108:
They were trained at the Military Intelligence Training Center at
2577:
2556:
1810:
29:(MIS) at the War Department, were an organization of soldiers in
1886:"WWII veteran Paul Fairbrook recounts decoding German documents"
212:
Proof of Loyalty: Kazuo Yamane and the Nisei Soldiers of Hawaii,
98:
2496:(3). Center for the Study of Intelligence, CIA. Archived from
1153:
132:. Nine hundred of these men also attended special training at
206:
1494:"Senator Paul Corderman is at Fort Ritchie Community Center"
1368:"Holocaust Memorial Center Hosts 'The Ritchie Boys' Exhibit"
2394:""60 Minutes Presents "The Ritchie Boys" ON Sunday, Jan. 2"
2370:
124:). They were specially trained in methods of intelligence,
50:
1533:"Legislation To Honor The 'Ritchie Boys' To Be Introduced"
2188:"The secret U.S. unit that helped the Allies beat Hitler"
1397:(2). National Military Intelligence Foundation: 139–142.
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2174:
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3037:
National Museum of Intelligence and Special Operations
1832:
1801:"San Joaquin man part of unique WWII band of brothers"
2171:
1839:
Bies, Brandon; Santucci, Vincent (15 February 2008).
1341:"Hans L. Trefousse, Historian and author, Dies at 88"
205:
Camp Ritchie also trained over five hundred Japanese
180:'s G-2) acknowledged that the advance warning of the
1655:
959:
by Christian Bauer featured ten of the Ritchie Boys.
657:
William Krimer, interpreter for four U.S. Presidents
2553:
National Museum of American Jewish Military History
162:
German declaration of war against the United States
3027:Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System
1898:: Central Valley News-Sentinel Inc. Archived from
1269:Gilbert, James L., John P. Finnegan and Ann Bray.
2151:"Fort Hunt Oral History: Interview of Arno Mayer"
1749:
1747:
1727:"Camp Ritchie and the Legacy of the Ritchie Boys"
1631:
214:detailed his time in the service and at Ritchie.
3153:
2936:Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
2921:National Counterintelligence and Security Center
1929:69, no. 3 (1989): 562–64. Accessed June 22, 2021
1629:
1627:
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1623:
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1617:
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1613:
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3207:United States Army Signals Intelligence Service
3012:Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
2276:Thomsen, Paul A.; Spivak, Joshua (April 2002).
1721:
1193:Kurt Frank Korf, quoted in Patricia Kollander,
2873:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
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1744:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1417:"Ritchie Boys Honored for WWII Service, Valor"
1388:
1138:. U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command.
2604:
2275:
2208:
2206:
2204:
1848:P.O. Box 1142, Fort Hunt Oral History Project
1608:
1519:"Elie Wiesel Award is Museum's Highest Honor"
2926:Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center
2827:DEA Office of National Security Intelligence
2069:"William D. Krimer, Interpreter, Dies at 86"
1838:
1553:
1334:
1332:
122:1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission
3177:Defunct United States intelligence agencies
3070:Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
3007:Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
2717:
1698:
1079:(3). Center for the Study of Intelligence,
1024:
1022:
95:were sent to Camp Ritchie on secret orders.
2611:
2597:
2428:. Guilford, Connecticut: Stackpole Books.
2338:Eddy, Beverley Driver (7 September 2021).
2311:Eddy, Beverley Driver (7 September 2021).
2201:
16:WWII US special military intelligence unit
2513:
2450:
2317:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 118.
1760:Pattern of Circles: An Ambassador's Story
1329:
1028:
376:Learn how and when to remove this message
3101:Contingency Fund for Foreign Intercourse
2675:National Center for Medical Intelligence
2344:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 44.
2148:
2122:
1927:The Hispanic American Historical Review,
1753:
1440:
1438:
1019:
3212:American propaganda during World War II
3065:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
2976:President's Intelligence Advisory Board
2687:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
2123:Sandomir, Richard (17 September 2022).
2116:
2092:
2090:
1976:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1883:
1798:
1171:
281:
260:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3154:
2727:Army Intelligence and Security Command
2584:from the original on 14 December 2021.
2567:
2563:from the original on 14 December 2021.
2546:
2226:"The untold story of the Ritchie Boys"
2028:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1672:
1444:
1133:"A Short History of Army Intelligence"
3197:United States intelligence operations
3192:Intelligence services of World War II
3080:Information Security Oversight Office
2815:Directorate of Science and Technology
2670:Missile and Space Intelligence Center
2592:
1554:Traussnig, Florian; Lackner, Robert.
1435:
936:Instructors at Camp Ritchie included
258:The Ritchie Boys were honored by the
3202:Signals intelligence of World War II
3017:National Security Division (Justice)
2941:Joint Intelligence Community Council
2916:National Counterproliferation Center
2620:United States Intelligence Community
2421:
2337:
2310:
2182:
2087:
1291:
482:Claudius Miller Easley, Jr., son of
314:adding citations to reliable sources
285:
120:(which was closed in 1998 under the
37:of prisoners on the front lines and
2861:Office of Intelligence and Analysis
2849:Office of Intelligence and Analysis
2783:Bureau of Intelligence and Research
2483:
2217:
1579:
1338:
1130:
1066:
753:Marvin Resnik, father of astronaut
128:, interrogation, investigation and
13:
3106:Counterintelligence Field Activity
3022:Army Intelligence Support Activity
2514:Heilbrunn, Jacob (December 2017).
2269:
2149:Bies, Brandon; Santucci, Vincent.
1060:
947:
808:, former Chairman of the Board of
14:
3233:
2906:Director of National Intelligence
2527:
1339:Fox, Margalit (4 February 2010).
769:Robert Rodenberg, founder of the
168:. Many of them entered Europe on
2911:National Counterterrorism Center
2665:National Intelligence University
2533:
2516:"Book Review: Sons and Soldiers"
2484:Foy, David A. (2 October 2017).
2278:"Through an Interrogator's Eyes"
1884:Creamer, Maggie (11 July 2012).
1635:
1067:Foy, David A. (2 October 2017).
290:
89:into or volunteered to join the
3075:Office of Management and Budget
2568:Lubran, Bernard (1 June 2020).
2547:Lubran, Bernard (10 May 2020).
2415:
2386:
2358:
2331:
2304:
2236:
2224:Bethune, Brian (20 July 2017).
2142:
2061:
2036:
1990:
1961:
1933:
1918:
1877:
1841:"Interview with Paul Fairbrook"
1792:
1681:Leuphana University of LĂĽneburg
1573:
1547:
1525:
1511:
1486:
1474:. Herald Mail Media. 7 May 2021
1464:
1409:
1382:
1360:
1292:Fine, Sabrina (17 April 2020).
1285:
1263:
953:In 2004, the documentary movie
537:Prince Gaetano of Bourbon-Parma
301:needs additional citations for
71:
3172:Military intelligence agencies
3116:Military Intelligence Division
2692:National Reconnaissance Office
2422:Eddy, Beverley Driver (2021).
1969:"Interview with Adolf GrĂĽbaum"
1238:
1209:
1197:Fordham University Press, 2005
1186:
1142:
1124:
1099:
41:in Europe. Trained at secret
1:
3121:Military Intelligence Service
3111:Military Information Division
3055:Senate Intelligence Committee
2931:National Intelligence Council
2244:"Rudolph Edward Schirmer '41"
1941:"Captain Alfred J. de Grazia"
1799:Gilbert, Lori (28 May 2012).
1445:Cardin, Ben (9 August 2021).
1391:American Intelligence Journal
1152:. 5 July 2008. Archived from
1012:
27:Military Intelligence Service
3187:Intelligence of World War II
3126:Office of Strategic Services
3085:Intelligence Oversight Board
3060:House Intelligence Committee
2737:Office of Naval Intelligence
2460:. New York: William Morrow.
1683:. p. 82. Archived from
1038:. New York: William Morrow.
519:William Emerson (journalist)
244:, which by then had closed.
116:, later officially known as
7:
2795:Central Intelligence Agency
2652:Defense Clandestine Service
2647:Defense Intelligence Agency
1765:Kent State University Press
1370:. CBS Detroit. 23 July 2011
1081:Central Intelligence Agency
984:
217:
47:Washington County, Maryland
10:
3238:
3162:Cryptography organizations
2746:Space Force Intelligence (
2707:Special Collection Service
2656:Defense Debriefing Service
940:and professional wrestler
200:
138:Counter Intelligence Corps
3093:
3045:
2999:
2986:Homeland Security Advisor
2981:Homeland Security Council
2971:National Security Council
2966:National Security Advisor
2954:
2946:Chief Information Officer
2892:
2805:Special Activities Center
2800:Directorate of Operations
2775:
2732:Marine Corps Intelligence
2637:
2626:
2102:San Rafael Public Library
1595:Google Arts & Culture
1150:"Fort Ritchie at Cascade"
458:Prince David Chavchavadze
398:Robert H. Abeles, chemist
234:Holocaust Memorial Center
155:
3141:Strategic Support Branch
2758:Coast Guard Intelligence
2702:Central Security Service
2697:National Security Agency
2048:Waynesboro Record Herald
1850:. Stockton, California:
276:Congressional Gold Medal
3131:Office of Special Plans
2991:President's Daily Brief
2839:FBI Intelligence Branch
2490:Studies in Intelligence
2398:ViacomCBS Press Express
2288:(1): 58. Archived from
2248:Princeton Alumni Weekly
1535:. WFMD. 31 October 2022
1312:United States Air Force
1178:John Patrick Finnegan,
1073:Studies in Intelligence
825:Talcott Williams Seelye
781:Archibald Roosevelt Jr.
739:Nicholas V. Riasanovsky
3182:World War II espionage
2742:Air Force Intelligence
2660:Defense Attaché System
1303:Joint Base San Antonio
1180:Military Intelligence,
694:Gilberto José Marxuach
598:Walter Arnold Kaufmann
484:Claudius Miller Easley
182:German Bulge offensive
3217:Psychological warfare
3167:Military intelligence
2549:"On the Ritchie Boys"
1852:National Park Service
1585:"May he rot forever!"
997:special wing, MIS-Y,
541:Harris Gaylord Warren
468:William Sloane Coffin
438:John Robert Boker Jr.
130:psychological warfare
103:One Thousand Children
68:for most of the war.
55:psychological warfare
2252:Princeton University
1590:Jewish Museum Berlin
1131:Bigelow, Michael E.
820:Harold Zvi Schiffrin
719:Gottfried E. Noether
310:improve this article
282:Notable Ritchie Boys
39:counter-intelligence
2540:Katie Lang-Slattery
2010:on 6 September 2021
1902:on 16 November 2015
1642:Katie Lang-Slattery
1299:502nd Air Base Wing
1227:Grafton Books, 1989
744:Frank K. Richardson
643:Fritz G. A. Kraemer
593:Theodore N. Kaufman
145:Battle of the Bulge
126:counterintelligence
25:, part of the U.S.
2810:Open Source Center
2570:"The Ritchie Boys"
2500:on 6 December 2017
2366:"The Ritchie Boys"
2292:on 18 January 2015
2129:The New York Times
2075:. 11 February 2001
1891:Lodi News-Sentinel
1346:The New York Times
1087:on 6 December 2017
1001:interrogation, at
835:Lorenzo Semple Jr.
623:Robert Lewis Koehl
489:Alexander Eckstein
430:John Bertram Oakes
91:United States Army
78:Women's Army Corps
66:Hayes Adlai Kroner
3149:
3148:
2888:
2887:
2854:Homeland Security
2771:
2770:
2762:Homeland Security
2522:. HistoryNet LLC.
2351:978-0-8117-6997-6
2324:978-0-8117-6997-6
2254:. 21 January 2016
2104:. 24 October 2016
1755:Dolibois, John E.
942:Man Mountain Dean
900:Vernon A. Walters
860:Ruffy Silverstein
791:Irvin C. Scarbeck
765:David Rockefeller
760:Howard W. Robison
729:Laughlin Phillips
669:Maximilian Lerner
499:Leonard Edmondson
386:
385:
378:
360:
3229:
2958:of the President
2956:Executive Office
2715:
2714:
2635:
2634:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2564:
2543:
2523:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2479:
2452:Henderson, Bruce
2447:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2282:Military History
2273:
2267:
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2261:
2259:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2215:
2210:
2199:
2198:
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2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2003:. Archived from
2002:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1973:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1896:Lodi, California
1881:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1854:. Archived from
1845:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1813:. Archived from
1809:. Stockton, CA:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1723:
1696:
1695:
1690:on 13 May 2021.
1689:
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1457:
1451:www.congress.gov
1442:
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1423:. 11 August 2021
1413:
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1307:Fort Sam Houston
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1139:
1137:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1083:. Archived from
1064:
1058:
1057:
1030:Henderson, Bruce
1026:
956:The Ritchie Boys
905:William Warfield
855:Arnold M. Silver
850:Nicolai Shutorev
815:David Schoenbrun
810:G. Schirmer Inc.
806:Rudolph Schirmer
801:Richard Schifter
648:Melvin Kranzberg
555:Alfred de Grazia
545:Robert F. Goheen
473:John E. Dolibois
434:Gardner Botsford
415:
381:
374:
370:
367:
361:
359:
318:
294:
286:
238:Farmington Hills
227:Nuremberg Trials
96:
59:Nuremberg trials
3237:
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3228:
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2400:
2392:
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2374:. 23 April 2004
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2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1998:"Archived copy"
1996:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1978:. 31 March 2015
1971:
1967:
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1962:
1952:
1950:
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1861:on 3 April 2021
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1731:ritchieboys.com
1725:
1724:
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1609:
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1581:Angress, Werner
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1254:
1252:
1250:www.cbsnews.com
1244:
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1239:
1220:Douglas Botting
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1135:
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1125:
1115:
1113:
1111:www.cbsnews.com
1105:
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1100:
1090:
1088:
1065:
1061:
1046:
1027:
1020:
1015:
993:, codename for
987:
950:
948:Film, TV, books
934:
930:Jirayr Zorthian
796:Paul J. Scheuer
771:Baltimore Colts
749:Maurino Richton
724:William R. Perl
709:Joseph Mugnaini
633:André Kostolany
583:George Jellinek
569:Fred Henderson
478:Joseph W. Eaton
443:Victor Brombert
409:
402:Lloyd Alexander
382:
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2822:
2820:CIA University
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2792:
2779:
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2773:
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2769:
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2766:
2765:
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2752:Space Delta 18
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2601:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2565:
2544:
2536:"Ritchie Boys"
2534:Lota, Jiesie.
2529:
2528:External links
2526:
2525:
2524:
2510:
2480:
2467:978-0062419095
2466:
2448:
2435:978-0811769969
2434:
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2073:New York Times
2060:
2035:
1989:
1960:
1932:
1917:
1876:
1831:
1817:on 12 May 2021
1791:
1773:
1767:. p. 60.
1743:
1697:
1654:
1638:"Ritchie Boys"
1636:Lota, Jiesie.
1607:
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1524:
1510:
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1208:
1185:
1170:
1156:on 5 July 2008
1141:
1123:
1098:
1059:
1045:978-0062419095
1044:
1017:
1016:
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1009:
991:P. O. Box 1142
986:
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967:
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920:Peter H. Wyden
917:
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885:Hans Trefousse
882:
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865:George Skibine
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845:Donald Shively
842:
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684:George Mandler
681:
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674:Hans F. Loeser
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653:Georg Kreisler
650:
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560:Adolf GrĂĽnbaum
557:
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539:
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523:Paul Fairbrook
521:
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504:Eugene Ehrlich
501:
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420:Joseph Anthony
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407:Werner Angress
404:
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325:"Ritchie Boys"
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195:disinformation
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2753:
2749:
2748:Space Delta 7
2745:
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2574:AHCFoundation
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2521:
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2512:Book review:
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2482:Book review:
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2184:Wertheim, Jon
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704:Ib Melchior
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532:Tom Forkner
514:Don Eliason
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410: [
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178:Gen. Patton
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1013:References
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336:newspapers
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