162:
351:
319:, are cylinders made of rubber, plastic, wood, or foam, and can be as large as the full bore diameter of the launcher. Smaller baton rounds may be encased in a shell casing or other housing. Baton rounds may fire one long baton, or several shorter batons. Harder or denser baton rounds are intended for skip fire, while softer or less dense batons are intended for direct fire. Baton rounds are the subject of significant controversy, due to extensive use by
81:
34:
497:. The advantage of using a riot shotgun for riot control is that the shotgun is a dual use firearm, and can switch quickly to and from the riot control role by changing the ammunition. The downside is that it can fire lethal projectiles, and so extra care must be taken in its use to prevent the wrong ammunition from being used.
378:
PepperBall rounds also known as PepperBall projectiles are a patented impact sphere that is filled with either PAVA or an inert powder. PepperBall projectiles are deployed by air powered launchers and are similar in theory to a paintball marker. The term is not interchangeable with other projectiles
516:
technology, consisting of a gelatin capsule filled with the riot control agent. The guns use compressed gas and provide semiautomatic fire, and the pepperballs act just like paintballs, fracturing on impact and splattering the chemical agent on impact. These can be used for direct fire, to break
298:
normally used in bullets, are larger, and are fired at lower velocities. Rounds are designed with low mass, moderate velocity, and large surface area to prevent the rounds from penetrating the skin significantly or causing severe injury, so they merely provide a painful blow to the target: but
382:
The PAVA in a PepperBall projectile is a pharmaceutical grade organic irritant and is based on one of the hottest of the six
Capsaicinoids found in pepper plants. Capsaicin and Pelargonic Acid Vanillyl amide (aka “PAVA”) are the hottest of the six Capsaicinoids and are equal in heat value.
278:, providing increased accuracy and range over hand-thrown gas grenades. Gas grenades may be used by operators without gas masks, as the agent is only dispersed in the area of impact, as far away as 150 yards (140 m). The agent in gas grenades is dispersed as a gas or an aerosol spray.
261:
This method is the simplest: the chemical agent is in the form of a loose powder, which is expelled by the propellant of the cartridge. These rounds are used at short range, and have effect from the muzzle to a range of about 30 feet. This method is best used by operators wearing
342:. The bag is flexible enough to flatten on impact, covering a large surface area, and they are used for direct fire. Beanbag rounds may be wide and flat, designed for close range use, or elliptical in shape, with a fabric tail to provide drag stabilization, for longer range use.
531:
Large-bore launchers are classified as firearms in most countries. Shotguns intended for riot use are semi-automatic shotguns subject to relevant regulations. Riot control ammunition may be restricted in various jurisdictions, to a lesser or greater degree than normal
366:, consist of a number of rubber balls ranging from around 0.32 to 0.60 inches (8.1 to 15.2 mm) in diameter, and are used for direct fire. The small diameter means that each ball contains far less energy than a baton round, but it also limits the range.
302:
One broad classification of impact rounds is direct fire and indirect fire rounds. Direct fire rounds can be fired directly at the target, ideally targeted low on the target, away from vital organs that are more prone to damage from the impact.
1081:
465:
holding five or six rounds in the cylinder. Unlike normal revolvers, the cylinder of a revolving riot gun is too massive to be turned easily by the trigger pull, and is usually turned by a pre-tensioned spring or by a
411:
Purpose-built launchers are commonly large bore guns, formerly 25 to 27 mm (0.98 to 1.06 inches), modern versions are 37 to 40 mm (1.46 to 1.57 inches). Dual-purpose guns are usually
1088:
370:, used in 12 gauge firearms, consist of a fin stabilized full bore diameter rubber projectile. These are used for long range, accurate direct fire shots on individual targets.
286:
These are specialized gas grenades designed to penetrate light barriers, such as windows, hollow core doors, and interior walls, and disperse chemical agents on the far side.
520:
Police have been known to use paintball guns loaded with paint projectiles, to mark particular rioters so that police can easily identify and arrest them later.
294:
Impact rounds come in a variety of shapes, sizes and compositions for varying roles. Impact rounds are made out of materials of much lower density than the
44:
1139:
545:
134:, adapted for riot control use with appropriate ammunition. The ammunition is most commonly found in 12 gauge (18.5 mm/.729 inch) shotguns and
299:
instances have been reported where rubber or plastic bullets have caused significant injuries to the body or eyes, and in some cases caused death.
1163:
1439:
1113:
477:, as that is the gauge in which nearly all riot control rounds are made. Generally riot shotguns are used, such as some models of the
60:
1179:
1317:
1361:
166:
1064:
Combat Guns
Hardcover – 1 Nov. 1987 by Chris Bishop (Author), Publisher: Book Sales; 1st Ed. (U.S.) edition (1 Nov. 1987),
508:, either purpose built for riot control, or modified from a commercial paintball marker. The pepper ball guns use special
1413:
517:
the balls on the target, or indirect fire, breaking near the target and spraying the agent into the target's vicinity.
241:, which, when fired, may make an eruption of sparks and smoke larger than those made by modern cartridges propelled by
1387:
1335:
1273:
571:
replicas, which can be used to fire 37 mm practice rounds. The 40 mm guns are usually rifled, and may fire
1482:
233:
GLIMPS (Grenade-Launched
Imaging Modular Projectile System), a round containing a small camera that transmits images
844:
1299:
1255:
427:
48:
1532:
1456:
1069:
592:
1589:
85:
1584:
1242:
1230:
485:. Due to the reduced power of riot control rounds, there is insufficient energy to cycle the actions of
1218:
1159:
1511:
588:
454:
launchers exist, but are generally only used for short range, muzzle dispersing chemical agents.
52:
450:
sized gun, and may have a shoulder stock and/or a forward handgrip to provide greater control.
122:
with minimal harm or risk. Less-lethal launchers may be special purpose firearms designed for
798:
561:
553:
474:
412:
814:
719:
431:
8:
274:
These are also called gas grenades, and are used at longer ranges. They are analogous to
253:
Chemical agents may be dispersed in three ways: muzzle dispersion, canister, and ferret.
1594:
575:; explosive grenades rely on the spin both for stabilization and for arming the fuze.
161:
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768:
355:
111:
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1321:
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568:
505:
242:
237:
To avoid breaking the projectile up, less-lethal cartridges are often propelled by
170:
131:
1365:
1205:
1167:
490:
379:
on the market as PepperBall, pepper ball and pepperball are trademarked terms.
320:
316:
189:
89:
583:
Riot guns have been documented to be lethal in some cases, with the use of an
1573:
572:
533:
478:
420:
335:
312:
275:
222:
193:
139:
1417:
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1277:
1140:"Belfast Telegraph: RUC cover-up over baton round death of mum, court told"
509:
486:
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416:
209:
204:
150:
123:
20:
350:
494:
467:
185:
135:
1303:
557:
443:
180:
Less-lethal launchers can fire various sorts of ammunition, including:
1259:
1486:
1460:
650:
513:
435:
238:
19:
This article is about the less-lethal launcher. For the shotgun, see
1457:"37mm.com: 40mm Launcher Varieties: MK40 40mm Under Barrel Launcher"
1020:
620:
462:
458:
403:
PepperBall products contain only safe, pure, non-oil based PAVA.
339:
263:
198:
174:
548:
regulations. Since firearms over .50 caliber (12.7 mm) with
266:, as the chemical agent can easily be blown towards the operator.
80:
935:
549:
447:
439:
127:
119:
107:
92:
915:
752:
584:
501:
451:
324:
1336:"37mm.com: 37mm Launcher Varieties: DPMS M-37 Flare Launcher"
1318:"Armor Holdings, Inc. - Defense Technology :: Launchers"
927:
215:
978:
565:
295:
115:
1180:"Commission Investigating the Death of Victoria Snelgrove"
1045:
box magazine, fully automatic, mostly mounted on vehicles
493:
firearms, so riot shotguns are manually operated, usually
446:
designs. The barrels are relatively short, resulting in a
184:
Impact projectiles, which rely on kinetic energy, such as
500:
A less lethal projectile gun, an example of which is the
946:
break action, specialized rounds such as door breakers
564:
permit; a common form found on the civilian market are
523:
Some weapons discharge teargas as a solution in water.
327:
forces, resulting in a number of avoidable fatalities.
552:
barrels are considered destructive devices under the
473:
Shotguns used for riot control are nearly always in
406:
1571:
1274:"37mm.com: Review: CMP Gun Parts 37mm Launchers"
544:In the U.S. large-bore launchers are subject to
1031:can use a net adapter, uses tear gas granades
560:riot guns may be sold to civilians without an
426:Single-shot large bore launchers, such as the
1388:"37mm.com: 37mm Launcher Varieties: H&K"
457:Multishot large-bore launchers, such as the
248:
1451:
1449:
1362:"37mm.com: 37mm Launcher Varieties: Cobray"
1300:"37mm.com: 37mm Launcher Varieties: Cobray"
1256:"37mm.com: Launcher Varieties: M-5 Gas Gun"
1483:"37mm.com: Launcher Varieties: Ramo RT 37"
338:consist of a tough fabric bag filled with
1189:. 25 May 2005. p. 14. Archived from
1446:
1160:FM 3-22.31, 40-MM GRENADE LAUNCHER, M203
731:rotary drum magazine, top-folding stock
349:
160:
112:"non-lethal" or "less-lethal" ammunition
79:
47:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
1506:
1504:
692:Defense Technology 37 mm Launcher
591:in October 2004 resulting in the fatal
269:
1572:
1438:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1112:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
901:MK40 40 mm under barrel launcher
860:MK40 40 mm under barrel launcher
645:Short barrel, no stock, drum magazine
1533:Image of one-shot teargas grenade gun
1501:
1015:single-shot and multi-shot variants
736:Federal Labs 37 mm single-shot
701:single-shot and multi-shot versions
373:
256:
27:
687:aluminum barrel, retractable stock
126:use, or standard firearms, usually
13:
830:MGL-MK1 40 mm multi-launcher
345:
167:Military Police of São Paulo State
14:
1606:
1526:
809:underslung attachment for rifles
330:
845:Milkor Stopper 37/38 mm riot gun
539:
289:
281:
32:
1545:single-shot 40 mm riot gun
1475:
1406:
1380:
1354:
1328:
1310:
1292:
1266:
1248:
660:single shot, telescoping stock
526:
461:, are usually in the form of a
428:Milkor 37/38mm and 40mm Stopper
306:
145:In the United States, the term
142:(1.57 inch) grenade launchers.
114:for the purpose of suppressing
1236:
1224:
1212:
1172:
1153:
1132:
1120:
1074:
1058:
593:shooting of Victoria Snelgrove
407:Types of less-lethal launchers
1:
1243:ARWEN ACE specification sheet
1231:ARWEN 37S Specification sheet
1051:
419:, firing special less-lethal
156:
86:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1557:looking into end of cylinder
1516:www.sageinternationalltd.com
1512:"SAGE Control Ordnance, Inc"
1219:ARWEN 37 Specification sheet
1006:Narendra Explosives Limited
578:
7:
678:Cobray 37 mm launcher
415:(18.5 mm/.729 inches)
311:Baton rounds, often called
10:
1611:
1563:40 mm riot cartridges
1551:6-shot 40 mm riot gun
1276:. 37mm.com. Archived from
964:Sage Control Ordnance SL6
951:Sage Control Ordnance SL1
722:37 mm rotary gas gun
230:Sound-emitting projectiles
149:more commonly refers to a
59:Such statements should be
18:
785:Hilton multi-purpose gun
706:DPMS M-37 flare launcher
595:being one such incident.
249:Chemical agent ammunition
910:fits under rifle barrel
869:fits under rifle barrel
598:
589:Boston Police Department
358:12 gauge rubber buckshot
926:stand alone version of
636:ARWEN 37S "Shorty" CQB
390:Pelargonylvanillylamide
1540:page on riot control:
1166:June 29, 2007, at the
386:PAVA has other names:
359:
177:
95:
839:rotary drum magazine
799:M203 grenade launcher
554:National Firearms Act
353:
164:
83:
1590:Riot control weapons
815:M79 grenade launcher
512:ammunition based on
432:M79 grenade launcher
270:Canister projectiles
227:Less-lethal grenades
104:less-lethal launcher
98:In current usage, a
61:clarified or removed
1585:Non-lethal firearms
1463:on 13 December 2006
1394:on 12 December 2006
1368:on 13 December 2006
1342:on 13 December 2006
1094:on 14 December 2018
504:, is essentially a
399:Synthetic capsaicin
362:These, also called
780:retractable stock
769:Heckler & Koch
360:
178:
96:
1049:
1048:
993:Webley Schermuly
930:grenade launcher
374:PepperBall rounds
257:Muzzle dispersion
169:officer firing a
132:grenade launchers
78:
77:
1602:
1520:
1519:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1485:. Archived from
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1459:. Archived from
1453:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1416:. Archived from
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1390:. Archived from
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1364:. Archived from
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1338:. Archived from
1332:
1326:
1325:
1320:. Archived from
1314:
1308:
1307:
1302:. Archived from
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1262:on 29 June 2002.
1258:. Archived from
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1187:cityofboston.gov
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1136:
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1129:cainstructor.com
1124:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1087:. Archived from
1086:
1078:
1072:
1062:
1012:model dependant
973:rotary magazine
883:rotary magazine
738:Federal Riot Gun
698:model dependant
603:
602:
569:grenade launcher
506:paintball marker
442:, are generally
243:smokeless powder
171:grenade launcher
118:or apprehending
73:
70:
64:
36:
35:
28:
1610:
1609:
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1538:How Stuff Works
1529:
1524:
1523:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1489:on 18 June 2006
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1420:on 18 June 2006
1414:"Archived copy"
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1355:
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1334:
1333:
1329:
1324:on 2 June 2006.
1316:
1315:
1311:
1306:on 1 June 2001.
1298:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1280:on 30 June 2008
1272:
1271:
1267:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1245:Police Ordnance
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1221:Police Ordnance
1217:
1213:
1206:Wayback Machine
1199:
1197:
1196:on 10 June 2011
1193:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1168:Wayback Machine
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1127:Chemical agents
1125:
1121:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1082:"Archived copy"
1080:
1079:
1075:
1063:
1059:
1054:
988:breech loading
601:
581:
542:
529:
491:recoil operated
409:
376:
348:
346:Rubber buckshot
333:
317:plastic bullets
309:
292:
284:
272:
259:
251:
190:bean bag rounds
159:
138:(1.46 inch) or
88:officer with a
74:
68:
65:
58:
37:
33:
24:
17:
16:Type of firearm
12:
11:
5:
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1527:External links
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1009:38/40 mm
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763:drum magazine
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573:40 mm grenades
541:
538:
534:shotgun shells
528:
525:
421:shotgun shells
408:
405:
401:
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391:
375:
372:
364:stinger rounds
354:Two rounds of
347:
344:
336:Beanbag rounds
332:
331:Beanbag rounds
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313:rubber bullets
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291:
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280:
276:rifle grenades
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223:shotgun shells
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194:rubber bullets
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40:
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1162:section 2-1.
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1076:
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720:Federal Labs
582:
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530:
527:Legal issues
522:
519:
510:pepper spray
499:
487:gas operated
483:Mossberg 500
472:
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396:Capsaicin II
385:
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368:Rubber slugs
367:
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307:Baton rounds
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221:Less-lethal
205:Pepper spray
186:baton rounds
179:
173:loaded with
151:riot shotgun
146:
144:
124:riot control
103:
99:
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66:
53:unverifiable
45:weasel words
42:
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21:riot shotgun
1424:4 September
1284:26 December
1098:14 December
996:37 mm
967:37 mm
954:37 mm
940:50 mm
920:40 mm
904:40 mm
891:37 mm
888:Ramo RT 37
877:37 mm
863:40 mm
833:40 mm
819:40 mm
803:40 mm
788:37 mm
774:37 mm
757:18 mm
742:37 mm
725:37 mm
709:37 mm
695:37 mm
681:37 mm
668:37 mm
639:37 mm
625:37 mm
495:pump action
468:pump action
55:information
1574:Categories
1493:7 December
1467:7 December
1398:7 December
1372:7 December
1346:7 December
1070:1555211615
1052:References
558:smoothbore
444:break open
393:Nonivamide
157:Ammunition
69:March 2009
1595:Riot guns
1561:image of
1555:image of
1549:image of
1543:image of
771:launcher
651:ARWEN ACE
612:Capacity
579:Lethality
514:paintball
436:ARWEN ACE
264:gas masks
239:gunpowder
201:cartridge
43:contains
1580:Firearms
1434:cite web
1200:25 April
1164:Archived
1145:6 August
1108:cite web
874:MSRG-38
621:ARWEN 37
609:Caliber
475:12 gauge
463:revolver
459:ARWEN 37
413:12 gauge
340:birdshot
199:Tear gas
175:tear gas
147:riot gun
128:shotguns
120:suspects
100:riot gun
90:bean bag
1036:AWGŁ-3
936:RGS-50M
587:by the
556:, only
448:carbine
440:RGS-50M
356:Fiocchi
325:Israeli
321:British
108:firearm
93:shotgun
1068:
1021:RWGŁ-3
916:RGM-40
753:FN 303
615:Notes
585:FN 303
550:rifled
502:FN 303
452:Pistol
438:, and
212:rounds
49:biased
1194:(PDF)
1183:(PDF)
1092:(PDF)
1085:(PDF)
1039:50mm
1025:50mm
928:GP-30
606:Name
599:Types
546:BATFE
218:round
216:Smoke
192:, or
140:40 mm
116:riots
1495:2006
1469:2006
1440:link
1426:2016
1400:2006
1374:2006
1348:2006
1286:2008
1202:2009
1147:2023
1114:link
1100:2018
1066:ISBN
979:TW73
566:M203
489:and
481:and
323:and
296:lead
210:Stun
136:37mm
130:and
760:15
562:NFA
315:or
102:or
51:or
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