370:
1738:
1858:
481:
78:
504:) in November 1943 that provided an official framework to accommodate the confessional differences in Lebanon. The National Pact was an unwritten gentleman's agreement. The Pact stated that president, prime minister and Speaker of the Parliament in Lebanon should be allocated to three major confessional groups based on the 1932 census, namely
585:. They had five daughters and a son, Reda, who died in infancy. His eldest daughter, Aliya (1935–2007), continued in her father's path in the struggle for a free and secure Lebanon. Aliya propagated the rich cultural heritage of Lebanon abroad until her death in
405:. Solh was one of the most important figures in Lebanon's struggle for independence, who was able to unite the various religious groups. He is considered one of the founders of Lebanon.
570:
He secretly converted to Shia Islam since, compared to Sunni Islam, its inheritance laws meant that his daughters, his only children, could inherit a greater share of his wealth.
369:
492:
Solh served as prime minister of
Lebanon twice. His first term was just after the Lebanon's independence (25 September 1943 – 10 January 1945). Solh was chosen by president
775:
1445:
1252:
1702:
701:
1068:
813:
667:
up to the 1950s and focuses on the influential career and personality of Solh. A square in downtown Beirut, Riad al-Solh Square, is named after him.
2268:
2243:
2223:
1540:
2263:
888:
430:
558:
by members of the Syrian Social
Nationalist Party. The attack was perpetrated by three gunmen, who killed him in revenge for the execution of
523:
Solh held premiership again from 14 December 1946 to 14 February 1951 again under the presidency of
Bishara Al Khouri. Solh was critical of
1415:
2208:
2203:
544:
676:
2253:
2218:
1695:
623:
2258:
2193:
1517:
1324:
1229:
1045:
973:
939:
1476:
1086:
727:
Mugraby, Muhamad (July 2008). "The syndrome of one-time exceptions and the drive to establish the proposed Hariri court".
2248:
2188:
1688:
756:
2213:
1716:
394:
1385:
1360:
596:
2228:
1597:
574:
505:
608:
604:
297:
1453:
520:
from
September 1943 to July 1944, and the minister of supplies and reserves from 3 July 1944 to 9 January 1945.
2233:
441:
and a leading nationalist Arab leader. In 1915 Reda Al Solh was tried by
Ottoman forces and went into exile in
2238:
1072:
517:
309:
187:
843:
17:
1737:
2198:
1547:
543:
Solh escaped unhurt from an assassination attempt in March 1950. It was perpetrated by a member of the
1711:
1662:
1635:
92:
899:
780:
532:
865:
2183:
2015:
1584:
1183:
509:
402:
303:
1035:
963:
1114:
Kamil Dib, "Warlords and
Merchants, The Lebanese Business and Political Establishment", p. 89
996:
Hudson, Michael C. (January 1969). "Democracy and Social
Mobilization in Lebanese Politics".
513:
1857:
1507:
1314:
1219:
931:
2178:
2173:
629:
Bahija Al Solh Assad is married to Said Al Assad who is the former
Lebanese ambassador to
8:
1794:
1759:
1580:
615:
582:
551:
461:
348:
1181:
Knudsen, Are (March 2010). "Acquiescence to assassinations in post-civil war
Lebanon?".
1146:
Shlaim, Avi (Autumn 1990). "The Rise and Fall of the All-Palestine
Government in Gaza".
1869:
1774:
1749:
1645:
1353:
A Convergence of Civilizations: The Transformation of Muslim Societies Around the World
1295:
1200:
1163:
1013:
744:
619:
469:
180:
2045:
2020:
1980:
1889:
1764:
1754:
1672:
1513:
1381:
1356:
1320:
1225:
1204:
1124:
1041:
969:
935:
748:
137:
113:
1680:
1484:
550:
However, several months after leaving office, he was gunned down on 17 July 1951 at
2000:
1990:
1804:
1287:
1192:
1155:
1005:
736:
600:
493:
450:
925:
2030:
1955:
1815:
1809:
1784:
1769:
1726:
760:
528:
524:
386:
33:
1090:
1879:
1779:
1655:
664:
446:
438:
267:
242:
125:
1573:
The Ghosts of Martyrs Square: An Eyewitness Account of Lebanon's Life Struggle
1291:
1196:
753:
740:
2167:
2112:
2055:
2050:
2035:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1960:
1945:
1940:
1930:
1920:
1894:
1799:
1576:
1348:
776:"More than a century on: how Riad Al Solh's legacy lives on in Lebanon today"
652:
637:
592:
586:
497:
334:
330:
2142:
2127:
2122:
2107:
2097:
2087:
1950:
1935:
1904:
1899:
1874:
1825:
559:
2137:
2132:
2117:
2102:
2082:
2077:
2066:
2025:
1965:
1914:
1830:
1820:
1789:
660:
641:
633:
and a former member of parliament. They have two sons and two daughters.
630:
496:
to be his first Prime Minister. Solh and Khouri achieved and implemented
2092:
2072:
2060:
2040:
2010:
1970:
1925:
1909:
1835:
1400:
1378:
Women in Lebanon: Living with Christianity, Islam, and Multiculturalism
1299:
1167:
343:
168:
37:
1017:
480:
426:
1159:
1546:. World Association of girl guides and girl scoutes. Archived from
1009:
961:
927:
An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860
465:
454:
434:
1033:
640:
Hamade, was appointed as one of the first two female ministers in
1846:
398:
45:
1278:
Kliot, N. (January 1987). "The collapse of the Lebanese state".
1405:, By Robert Owen Freedman, Baltimore University 2002, page 218.
1355:(illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 31.
573:
Al Solh was married to Fayza Al Jabiri, the sister of two-time
516:, respectively. During his first term, Solh also served as the
485:
442:
358:
287:
77:
1346:
578:
555:
422:
283:
263:
1509:(Un)civil War of Words: Media and Politics in the Arab World
527:
and played a significant role in granting the blessing of
1416:"Video: Wedding of Prince Moulay Abdellah and Lamia Solh"
1037:
Beyond Settlement: Making Peace Last After Civil Conflict
1221:
Patterns of Political Leadership: Egypt, Israel, Lebanon
965:
Sustainable Peace: Power And Democracy After Civil Wars
1316:
Spirit of the Phoenix: Beirut and the Story of Lebanon
460:
Riad Al Solh studied law and political science at the
1710:
1380:(illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 147, 222.
1029:
1027:
702:"Riad al-Solh commemorated with launch of biography"
1375:
1217:
1024:
923:
2165:
1253:"Six major leaders killed in Lebanon since 1943"
449:. He also served as Minister of the Interior in
1402:The Middle East enters the twenty-first century
1089:. Ministry of Economy and Trade. Archived from
393:; 17 August 1894 – 17 July 1951) was the first
962:Philip G. Roeder; Donald S. Rothchild (2005).
1696:
1312:
1306:
1211:
1040:. Associated University Presse. p. 159.
1034:Vanessa E. Shields; Nicholas Baldwin (2008).
337:, Alia Al Solh, Bahija Al Solh, Muna Al Solh;
1505:
1439:
1437:
955:
200:25 September 1943 – 10 January 1945
150:25 September 1943 – 10 January 1945
105:14 December 1946 – 14 February 1951
66:
889:"Lebanon: at the edge of another civil war"
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
1703:
1689:
1512:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 43.
930:. University of California Press. p.
846:. The Global Dispatches. 15 September 2011
811:
76:
1499:
1443:
1434:
1245:
968:. Cornell University Press. p. 228.
677:List of assassinated Lebanese politicians
614:Mona Al Solh was formerly married to the
1590:
1474:
1468:
1271:
989:
917:
796:
770:
768:
479:
2244:Converts to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam
2224:Lebanese people from the Ottoman Empire
1180:
1174:
880:
838:
836:
834:
726:
720:
696:
694:
692:
562:, one of the party's founding leaders.
429:origin, on 17 August 1894. His father,
14:
2166:
1145:
1110:
1108:
995:
924:Leila Tarazi Fawaz (6 February 1995).
886:
858:
812:Kechichian, Joseph A. (11 June 2009).
2264:Politicians assassinated in the 1950s
1684:
1598:"The Killing Will Continue Until ,C*"
1533:
1277:
1117:
887:Türedi, Almula (Spring–Summer 2008).
765:
659:(2011) deals with the history of the
1079:
831:
689:
595:(born 1937) was married to the late
468:, as his father was a deputy in the
2269:People of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
1444:Henderson, Simon (27 August 2010).
1139:
1105:
484:A statue of Riad Al Solh stands in
390:
67:
24:
1856:
1736:
1477:"Lebanon cabinet: A tightrope act"
1475:Moubayed, Sami (1 February 2011).
1071:. 18 December 2019. Archived from
657:The Struggle for Arab Independence
25:
2280:
2209:20th-century Lebanese politicians
2204:Assassinated Lebanese politicians
597:Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco
616:Saudi Prince Talal bin Abdulaziz
565:
538:
464:. He spent most of his youth in
368:
2254:Lebanese independence activists
2219:Lebanese people murdered abroad
1565:
1408:
1394:
1369:
1340:
1061:
626:and Princess Reema bint Talal.
545:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
298:Committee of Union and Progress
27:Lebanese politician (1894–1951)
1125:"Political leaders of Lebanon"
844:"Interview with Patrick Seale"
814:"Resolute fighter for freedom"
13:
1:
1319:. I.B.Tauris. pp. xiii.
1313:Tim Llewellyn (1 June 2010).
682:
408:
2259:Assassinated prime ministers
2194:Finance ministers of Lebanon
1376:Marie-Claude Thomas (2012).
1148:Journal of Palestine Studies
663:from the final years of the
611:and a daughter Lalla Zineb.
533:the All-Palestine Government
7:
1218:R. Hrair Dekmejian (1975).
670:
618:. She is the mother of the
603:'s uncle. Her children are
413:Riad Al Solh, also written
10:
2285:
2249:University of Paris alumni
2189:Prime ministers of Lebanon
1712:Prime ministers of Lebanon
1224:. SUNY Press. p. 34.
620:Prince Al Waleed bin Talal
531:'s political committee to
31:
2214:People murdered in Jordan
2151:
1845:
1741:French Mandate of Lebanon
1725:
1669:
1663:Prime Minister of Lebanon
1660:
1652:
1642:
1636:Prime Minister of Lebanon
1633:
1627:
1622:
1292:10.1080/00263208708700688
1197:10.1080/13629391003644611
741:10.1080/13629390802127513
647:
475:
376:
364:
354:
342:
325:
317:
293:
273:
257:
252:
248:
236:
224:
212:
204:
193:
186:
174:
162:
154:
143:
131:
119:
109:
98:
93:Prime Minister of Lebanon
91:
87:
75:
64:
57:
1446:"The Billionaire Prince"
868:. Jewish Virtual Library
781:The National (Abu Dhabi)
535:during his second term.
2229:1950s murders in Jordan
1745:office established 1926
898:: 21–36. Archived from
759:12 October 2013 at the
636:His youngest daughter,
624:Prince Khalid bin Talal
506:the Maronite Christians
433:, was Vice-governor in
425:, south Lebanon and of
1862:
1742:
1280:Middle Eastern Studies
1184:Mediterranean Politics
729:Mediterranean Politics
489:
2234:1951 crimes in Jordan
1860:
1740:
1506:Mamoun Fandy (2007).
483:
2239:1951 murders in Asia
1581:Simon & Schuster
1420:moroccoworldnews.com
1075:on 18 December 2019.
998:Comparative Politics
488:'s Downtown district
401:after the country's
231:Position established
1795:Khayreddin al-Ahdab
1760:Habib Pacha Es-Saad
1093:on 21 February 2013
866:"Rulers of Lebanon"
583:Saadallah al-Jabiri
518:Minister of Finance
502:al Mithaq al Watani
462:University of Paris
349:University of Paris
310:Constitutional Bloc
188:Minister of Finance
1870:Abdul Hamid Karami
1863:
1775:Auguste Adib Pacha
1750:Auguste Adib Pacha
1743:
1646:Abdul Hamid Karami
1623:Political offices
1456:on 13 October 2012
1347:Youssef Courbage;
1087:"Former Ministers"
1069:"Former Ministers"
514:the Shiite Muslims
490:
470:Ottoman Parliament
181:Abdul Hamid Karami
2199:People from Sidon
2161:
2160:
2156:
2046:Takieddin el-Solh
2021:Takieddin el-Solh
1981:Hussein Al Oweini
1890:Hussein Al Oweini
1861:Lebanese Republic
1847:Lebanese Republic
1765:Bechara El Khoury
1755:Bechara El Khoury
1679:
1678:
1673:Hussein Al Oweini
1670:Succeeded by
1643:Succeeded by
1604:. 25 October 2012
1519:978-0-275-99393-1
1326:978-1-84511-735-1
1231:978-0-87395-291-0
1047:978-0-8386-4183-5
975:978-0-8014-8974-7
941:978-0-520-08782-8
905:on 8 October 2016
510:the Sunni Muslims
498:the National Pact
494:Bishara Al Khouri
453:'s government in
383:Riad Reda Al Solh
380:
379:
208:Bechara El Khoury
158:Bechara El Khoury
138:Hussein Al Oweini
114:Bechara El Khoury
16:(Redirected from
2276:
2154:
2001:Abdallah El-Yafi
1991:Abdallah El-Yafi
1805:Abdallah El-Yafi
1720:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1653:Preceded by
1628:Preceded by
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1594:
1588:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1487:on 23 March 2013
1483:. Archived from
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1452:. Archived from
1441:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1406:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1373:
1367:
1366:
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1209:
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1137:
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1103:
1102:
1100:
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1083:
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1076:
1065:
1059:
1058:
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1054:
1031:
1022:
1021:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
959:
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948:
921:
915:
914:
912:
910:
904:
893:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
862:
856:
855:
853:
851:
840:
829:
828:
826:
824:
809:
794:
793:
791:
789:
784:. 17 August 2019
772:
763:
752:
724:
718:
717:
715:
713:
698:
601:King Mohammed VI
392:
372:
329:Five daughters:
280:
253:Personal details
239:
227:
215:
198:
177:
165:
148:
134:
122:
103:
80:
71:
70:
69:
55:
54:
21:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2147:
2031:Nureddine Rifai
1956:Khalil al-Hibri
1849:
1841:
1838:
1816:Alfred Naqqache
1810:Abdallah Beyhum
1785:Abdallah Beyhum
1729:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1675:
1666:
1658:
1648:
1639:
1631:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1553:on 2 April 2015
1550:
1543:
1541:"Leila Al Solh"
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1500:
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1160:10.2307/2537321
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847:
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832:
822:
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810:
797:
787:
785:
774:
773:
766:
761:Wayback Machine
725:
721:
711:
709:
700:
699:
690:
685:
673:
650:
644:'s government.
568:
541:
529:the Arab League
478:
411:
338:
321:Fayza Al Jabiri
312:
308:
306:
302:
300:
294:Political party
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2186:
2184:Al Solh family
2181:
2176:
2159:
2158:
2155:denotes acting
2152:
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2148:
2146:
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2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
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1968:
1963:
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1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
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1902:
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1880:Saadi Al Munla
1877:
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1823:
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1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1780:Charles Debbas
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1733:
1731:
1727:French Mandate
1723:
1722:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1659:
1656:Saadi Al Munla
1654:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1589:
1564:
1532:
1518:
1498:
1467:
1450:Foreign Policy
1433:
1422:. 16 June 2015
1407:
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1210:
1173:
1138:
1116:
1104:
1078:
1060:
1046:
1023:
1010:10.2307/421387
1004:(2): 245–263.
988:
974:
954:
940:
916:
879:
857:
830:
795:
764:
735:(2): 171–194.
719:
708:. 6 March 2010
706:The Daily Star
687:
686:
684:
681:
680:
679:
672:
669:
665:Ottoman Empire
649:
646:
575:prime minister
567:
564:
540:
537:
477:
474:
447:Ottoman Empire
421:, was born in
410:
407:
395:prime minister
378:
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366:
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327:
323:
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295:
291:
290:
281:(aged 56)
275:
271:
270:
268:Ottoman Empire
261:17 August 1894
259:
255:
254:
250:
249:
246:
245:
243:Hamid Franjieh
240:
234:
233:
228:
222:
221:
216:
214:Prime Minister
210:
209:
206:
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184:
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178:
172:
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156:
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141:
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129:
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126:Saadi Al Munla
123:
117:
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111:
107:
106:
96:
95:
89:
88:
85:
84:
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2114:
2113:Fouad Siniora
2111:
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2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Selim al-Hoss
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2073:Selim al-Hoss
2071:
2069:
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2064:
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2061:Selim al-Hoss
2059:
2057:
2056:Rashid Karami
2054:
2052:
2051:Shafik Wazzan
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Selim al-Hoss
2039:
2037:
2036:Rashid Karami
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Rashid Karami
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:Rashid Karami
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Rashid Karami
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Rashid Karami
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Rashid Karami
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:Abdallah Yafi
1944:
1942:
1941:Rashid Karami
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Abdallah Yafi
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Khaled Chehab
1919:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Abdallah Yafi
1893:
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1800:Khaled Chehab
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1389:
1387:9781137281999
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1362:9780231150033
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1354:
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1349:Emmanuel Todd
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1328:
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1318:
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1259:. 2 June 1987
1258:
1257:The Telegraph
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662:
658:
654:
653:Patrick Seale
645:
643:
639:
638:Leila Al Solh
634:
632:
627:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
609:Moulay Ismail
606:
605:Moulay Hicham
602:
598:
594:
593:Lamia Al Solh
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
566:Personal life
563:
561:
557:
553:
552:Marka Airport
548:
546:
539:Assassination
536:
534:
530:
526:
525:King Abdullah
521:
519:
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511:
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341:
336:
335:Lamia Al Solh
332:
331:Leila Al Solh
328:
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305:
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108:
102:
97:
94:
90:
86:
79:
74:
63:
56:
51:
47:
44: and the
43:
39:
38:father's name
35:
34:Lebanese name
30:
19:
2143:Najib Mikati
2128:Tammam Salam
2123:Najib Mikati
2108:Najib Mikati
2098:Rafic Hariri
2088:Rafic Hariri
2065:
1951:Sami as-Solh
1936:Sami as-Solh
1905:Nazem Akkari
1900:Sami as-Solh
1885:Riad Al Solh
1884:
1875:Sami as-Solh
1865:Riad Al Solh
1864:
1850:(since 1943)
1826:Sami as-Solh
1744:
1661:
1634:
1606:. Retrieved
1602:Dar Al Hayat
1601:
1592:
1572:
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1548:the original
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1508:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:the original
1481:Lebanon Wire
1480:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1454:the original
1449:
1424:. Retrieved
1419:
1410:
1401:
1396:
1377:
1371:
1352:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1315:
1308:
1286:(1): 54–74.
1283:
1279:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1220:
1213:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1154:(1): 37–53.
1151:
1147:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1119:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1081:
1073:the original
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1036:
1001:
997:
991:
979:. Retrieved
964:
957:
945:. Retrieved
926:
919:
907:. Retrieved
900:the original
895:
882:
870:. Retrieved
860:
848:. Retrieved
821:. Retrieved
817:
786:. Retrieved
779:
732:
728:
722:
710:. Retrieved
705:
656:
651:
635:
628:
613:
591:
572:
569:
560:Anton Saadeh
549:
542:
522:
501:
491:
459:
431:Reda Al Solh
418:
415:Riad el Solh
414:
412:
403:independence
382:
381:
279:(1951-07-17)
277:17 July 1951
238:Succeeded by
230:
218:
195:
176:Succeeded by
145:
133:Succeeded by
100:
82:Solh in 1943
59:Riad El Solh
49:
41:
29:
18:Riad al-Solh
2179:1951 deaths
2174:1894 births
2138:Hassan Diab
2133:Saad Hariri
2118:Saad Hariri
2103:Omar Karami
2083:Rachid Solh
2078:Omar Karami
2067:Michel Aoun
2026:Rachid Solh
2016:Amine Hafez
1966:Ahmad Daouk
1915:Fuad Chehab
1831:Ayoub Tabet
1821:Ahmad Daouk
1790:Ayoub Tabet
1730:(1918–1943)
1571:Young, M.,
1191:(1): 1–23.
896:Perceptions
872:13 December
661:Middle East
642:Omar Karami
631:Switzerland
451:Emir Faisal
313:(1934–1951)
307:(1920–1934)
304:Independent
301:(1916–1920)
226:Preceded by
164:Preceded by
121:Preceded by
46:family name
2168:Categories
2011:Saeb Salam
1971:Saeb Salam
1926:Saeb Salam
1910:Saeb Salam
1836:Petro Trad
1770:Émile Eddé
1667:1946–1951
1640:1943–1945
1525:21 October
1460:21 October
1426:1 December
1263:6 November
1237:21 October
1131:23 October
1053:23 October
981:24 October
947:23 October
909:23 October
683:References
435:Nabatiyyah
409:Early life
391:رياض الصلح
355:Profession
344:Alma mater
169:Petro Trad
68:رياض الصلح
1583:, 2010),
1205:154792218
1097:5 October
818:Gulf News
749:153915546
419:Riad Solh
365:Signature
205:President
196:In office
155:President
146:In office
110:President
101:In office
1608:28 March
1577:New York
1351:(2014).
1332:15 March
788:17 April
757:Archived
671:See also
655:'s book
466:Istanbul
455:Damascus
427:Egyptian
326:Children
32:In this
1557:12 July
1491:7 April
1300:4283154
1168:2537321
1127:. Terra
850:22 July
823:7 April
712:12 July
437:and in
399:Lebanon
219:Himself
50:Al Solh
1585:p. 129
1516:
1384:
1359:
1323:
1298:
1228:
1203:
1166:
1044:
1018:421387
1016:
972:
938:
747:
648:Legacy
486:Beirut
476:Career
443:Smyrna
387:Arabic
359:Lawyer
318:Spouse
288:Jordan
36:, the
1551:(PDF)
1544:(PDF)
1296:JSTOR
1201:S2CID
1164:JSTOR
1014:JSTOR
903:(PDF)
892:(PDF)
745:S2CID
587:Paris
579:Syria
556:Amman
439:Sidon
423:Sidon
284:Amman
264:Sidon
1717:List
1610:2013
1559:2012
1527:2012
1514:ISBN
1493:2013
1462:2012
1428:2023
1382:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1334:2013
1321:ISBN
1265:2012
1239:2012
1226:ISBN
1133:2012
1099:2012
1055:2012
1042:ISBN
983:2012
970:ISBN
949:2012
936:ISBN
911:2012
874:2012
852:2012
825:2013
790:2021
754:Pdf.
714:2012
512:and
274:Died
258:Born
42:Reda
1288:doi
1193:doi
1156:doi
1006:doi
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737:doi
577:of
554:in
417:or
397:of
48:is
40:is
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