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461:. The Rhodopes are spread over 14,735 square kilometers (5,689 sq mi), of which 12,233 square kilometers (4,723 sq mi) are on Bulgarian territory. They have the greatest extent of any single mountain range in Bulgaria. The mountains are about 240 kilometers (149 mi) long and about 100 to 120 kilometres (62 to 75 mi) wide, with an average altitude of 785 meters (2,575 ft). To the north the mountain slopes descend steeply towards the
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Livestock breeding, forestry and tobacco are the most important agricultural activities. Due to the large Muslim population the number of pigs is relatively low but there are many sheep which are traditional for the
Rhodopes. Tobacco is grown in the Eastern Rhodopes and forms a large part of the
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The
Western Rhodopes are the largest (66% of the area of the Rhodopes in Bulgaria), higher, most infrastructurally developed, and most visited part of the mountains. The highest and best known peaks are located in the region (more than 10 are over 2,000 meters (6,562 ft) high) including the
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stockbreeders abandoned the difficult life of the
Rhodopes. The depopulation of the region, that has not been grazed for more than 50 years, combined with high rainfall and its geographical location, has contributed to the creation and maintenance of a biological paradise. There grow coniferous
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The frequent mention of the
Rhodope in Ancient Greek and Latin sources indicates that the mountain had played an important role in the political and religious life of the Thracian tribes that lived on it. On the tops of the mountain there was a famous oracle, which they had visited to consult
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industry include
Zlatograd, Smolyan, Madan, Laki. The timber industry is developed mainly in the western parts where there are some of the most important forest massifs in the Balkan Peninsula. The Rhodopes are one of the main hydro-power generation regions of Bulgaria with a number of major
751:'s fortress, and the Devil's Throat, Yagodinska, and Uhlovitsa caves. The highest village in Bulgaria, Manastir (over 1,500 meters (4,921 ft)), is crouched in the northern foot of Prespa Peak. A number of architectural reserves, such as Shiroka Laka, Kovachevitsa, Momchilovtsi,
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is an important industry with growing significance. Pamporovo and
Chepelare are major winter resorts. There are many resorts, camp sites and refuges on the shores of the dams or in the green valleys, which can be visited in the summer. The caves along the Greek border such as
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The average annual temperature in the
Eastern Rhodopes is 13 °C (55 °F), the maximum precipitation is in December, the minimum in August. In the Western Rhodopes, the temperature varies from 5 to 9 °C (41 to 48 °F) and in the summer rainfalls prevail.
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The
Southern Rhodopes are characterized by numerous peaks of relatively low altitude. Their highest peak is Delimposka (1,953m) in the mountain of Frakto, near the Greek-Bulgarian border. Nowadays the Southern Rhodopes is an area almost deserted. After
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Evangelos A. Papathanassiou. "The
Armenian Presence in and around the Rhodope Mountain in 11th C.: Rethinking over some new archaeological Finds", Περὶ Θράκης 7 (2010–2015), 59–97.In: auth.academia.edu/EvangelosPapathanassiou
1083:, etc. Finally, Rhodope served as a true bastion of freedom of the Thracians and last refuge of resistance against the Romans. This explains the fact that Thrace became a Roman province about 200 years after Macedonia.
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resources are located in the western areas of the range. There are a number of hydro-cascades and dams used for electricity production, irrigation, and as tourist destinations. In Greece, there are also the
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ore as well as significant impurities of rare metals in the lead and zinc ores. There are several flotation factories which enrich the ores before it is sent to the large lead and zinc refineries in
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has the same Indo-European root as the
Bulgarian "руда" (ore, "ruda"), "ръжда" (rust, "rǎžda"), "риж" (red-haired, "riž"), Latin "rufus" (red), German "rot" (red), English "red", Greek ροδ- (rodh).
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and often changed hands between the two countries. There was a dense network of castles which guarded the trade routes and the strategic heights. The largest and most important castles include
1295:. The machine-building industry is developed in Smolyan, Kardzhali, Devin, Bratsigovo, Ivailovgrad and others; there is a pharmaceutical plant in Pestera. Some of the centers of
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The mountains have abundant water reserves, with a dense network of mountain springs and rivers. Nearly 80% of the mountain's territory falls within the drainage of the river
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Temperatures as low as −15 °C (5 °F) are common in winter, and due to this the Rhodopes are the southernmost place in the Balkans where tree species such as the
1339:(near Peshtera) and others are popular among speleologists with their spectacular forms and underground lakes and rivers. The ruins of castles, Thracian sites such as
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whose reserves are among the largest in Europe. They are situated mainly in central parts of the mountain and along the border with Greece as well as to the east.
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situated at several kilometers from the town of the same name. Some of the largest dams in the country are located in the Rhodopes including the
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421:, the mountains were known as the Slavey Mountains (Slaveyev Mountains), and under Ottoman rule were known as the Dospatsky Mountains, after the
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1170:(1914–1918) the southern slopes of the mountain was occupied by Greece and the Bulgarian population of the area was forced to flee to Bulgaria.
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largely determines the climate in the region. It is influenced both by the colder air coming from the north and by the warmer breeze from the
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hydroelectric power plants such as Batak, Peshtera, Aleko, Studen Kladenets, Kardzhali, Vacha and Thisavros and Platanovrysi in Greece.
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The sparsely populated area of the Rhodopes has been a place of ethnic and religious diversity for hundreds of years. Apart from the
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In 2005, German scholars from the University of Heidelberg confirmed that the two rather small fragments discovered by archaeologist
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1684:"The ethno-cultural belongingness of Aromanians, Vlachs, Catholics, and Lipovans/Old Believers in Romania and Bulgaria (1990–2012)"
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The Eastern Rhodopes are spread over a territory of about 34% of the mountains' area in Bulgaria, constituting a much lower part.
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The mild climate, combined with some other factors, works in favour of the development of recreation and tourist activities. The
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The industrial sector is well-developed. One of the largest industries in the area is mining. There are around 80 mines for
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near the village of the same name. Additionally, there are archeological sites throughout the region related to the cult of
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D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Western Thrace during the Roman Antiquity (in Greek), Thessaloniki 2005, pp. 15–33
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resort, where the microclimate permits a heavy snow cover to be preserved for a long time, is an excellent example.
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Iliev, J. Rhodope Mountain in Thrace according to concepts of the ancient writers. – Rhodopica, 2007, 1, p. 89 ff.
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Some of the deepest river gorges in the Rhodopes are located in the western parts, as well as the rock phenomenon
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woods in the Balkans, their mild relief and the lush vegetation in the western parts as well as the abundance of
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are located in this part of the mountains. The region is rich in thermal mineral springs. The waters around
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and many others, while in Greece there are the dams of Thisavros and Platanovrysi. They are used mainly for
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During the 16th and 17th centuries the Ottoman authorities began a process of Islamisation of the region.
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is its highest peak at 2,191 meters (7,188 ft). The mountain range gives its name to the terrestrial
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1016:. They built many temples, cities and fortresses. The most famous town in the area is the sacred city of
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Turks in Bulgarian – Gladstone's article – Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East, London, 1876
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376:. Rhod-ope (Род-oпа) is interpreted as the first name of a river, meaning "rusty/reddish river", where
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In the forest of Frakto there are 300-year-old trees, more than 50 metres high, and the endangered
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The economy of the Rhodopes region is dominated by services, tourism, industry and agriculture.
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generation and for irrigation. There are many mineral water springs, the most famous being in
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of Thisavros and Platanovrysi. The Rhodopes have a rich cultural heritage including ancient
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areas with their deep river gorges, large caves and specific sculptured forms, such as the
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and others. In Greece there are mineral water springs in Thermes, 40 km. north of (
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in the northern part of the country is named after the region. This area includes the
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is also located in this part of the mountains, as well as the popular tourist centres
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most villages depopulated permanently and their inhabitants never returned. Even the
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in 1876. When the uprising was crushed the Ottomans slaughtered around 5,000 people
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465:. To the west, the Rhodopes reach the Avram saddle, Yundola and the valley of the
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2007:
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1508:] (in Bulgarian). Vol. XXI.10. Sofia: Faculty of History and Philology,
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The Rilo-Rhodope massif is sometimes referred to as the Rhodope mountains alone.
1527:. Bulgarische Sammlung (in German). Vol. 5. Hieronymus Verlag. p. 41.
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Fifteen reserves have been established in the region, some of which are under
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In the eastern part of the region there is the well known nature reserve of
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The Southern Rhodopes are the part of the mountain range that is located in
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The towns and the villages in the Western Rhodopes took active part in the
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Sir Edwin Pears, Forty Years in Constantinople, London, 1915, chapter II.
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nest in the rocks and forests of the Eastern Rhodopes including the rare
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The northern Rhodopes were ceded in 1878 to an autonomous province of
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473:. The Rhodopes are a complex system of ridges and deep river valleys.
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Rhodope offended the gods and was turned into a mountain in Thrace .
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is an important healing centre for respiratory and other ailments.
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1502:Годишник на Софийския университет, Историко-филологически факултет
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of Thrace, offended the gods, and was changed into a mountain by
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and many others. Between 1371 and 1375 the Rhodopes fell under
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1710:"The Bulgarian Gypsies – Searching their Place in the Society"
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Yearbook of Sofia University, Faculty of History and Philology
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The location of the Rhodopes in the southeastern part of the
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in the Eastern Rhodopes mountains are written in the Minoan
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The first known human inhabitants in the mountains were the
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The mountains are also associated with the mythic figure of
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The remains of the ancient Thracian city and sanctuary of
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Kompsatos 17th–18th c. Bridge Polyanthos Rhodope Panorama
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have national reputation for healing various diseases.
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Linear A script from the Eastern Rhodopes? (May 2005)
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protection. The mountains are famous for the largest
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1743:: étude de géographie historique, Athen: Verlag der
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1024:. One of the most important Thracian temples was
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1741:La région des Rhodopes aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles
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213:Location of the Rhodopes in Bulgaria and Greece
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1200:, the mountains are also home to a number of
1009:finds of ancient tools in some of the caves.
324:. The region is particularly notable for its
1500:Dechev, Dimitar (1925). "Хемус и Родопи ".
898:, that cannot be found elsewhere in Greece.
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1708:Marušiakova, Elena; Popov, Veselin (2000).
1101:the mountain was part of the Bulgarian and
1001:The Rhodopes have been inhabited since the
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167:100 km (62 mi) north-south
1745:Byzantinisch-Neugriechischen Jahrbücher
1032:, such as the ancient Thracian city of
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159:240 km (150 mi) west-east
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1370:is named after the Rhodope Mountains.
457:, which is the oldest landmass on the
175:14,735 km (5,689 sq mi)
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1595:"Rodopi Mountain Range National Park"
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315:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
27:Mountain range in Southeastern Europe
2375:Landforms of Rhodope (regional unit)
1557:Norman, Philip (21 September 2012).
960:adding citations to reliable sources
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449:terms, the Rhodopes are part of the
2380:Landforms of Xanthi (regional unit)
1559:"Bulgaria: Between heaven and hell"
1279:. There are also small reserves of
1094:script from about 15th century BC.
861:Rodopi Mountain Range National Park
839:Kompsatos Bridge Polyanthos Rhodope
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360:, and medieval castles, churches,
203:granite, gneiss, marble and quartz
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2370:Landforms of Blagoevgrad Province
2340:International mountains of Europe
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335:A significant part of Bulgaria's
2355:Landforms of Pazardzhik Province
1669:"Bulgarian Turks: In the Middle"
1448:List of mountains of the Balkans
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1129:occupation in the course of the
1020:located 15 km northeast of
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686:(1,800 meters (5,906 ft)).
682:(2,082 meters (6,831 ft)),
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2350:Landforms of Smolyan Province
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1443:List of mountains in Bulgaria
785:Major cities in the area are
294:, and the largest by area in
1691:Revista Română de Sociologie
1458:Mantaritza Biosphere Reserve
812:Almost every species of the
512:towards the village of Vrata
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107:2,191 m (7,188 ft)
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1843:Second Bulgarian Empire
1525:Die Sprache der Thraker
1453:List of mountain ranges
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956:improve this article
922:Lesser spotted eagle
736:, the winter resort
604:hydro-electric power
463:Upper Thracian Plain
313:that belongs in the
2335:Geography of Europe
2085:Economic statistics
1868:Bulgaria since 1990
1333:Devil's Throat Cave
1065:Alexander the Great
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441:Map of the Rhodopes
423:Dospat Municipality
395:, the wife of King
292:Southeastern Europe
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759:Eastern Rhodopes
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1057:Asenova krepost
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2214:Coat of arms
2179:Demographics
2020:Armed Forces
1996:Human rights
1976:Constitution
1939:
1853:Principality
1744:
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1714:Balkanologie
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1568:. Retrieved
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1226:Aegean coast
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1182:A church in
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954:Please help
949:verification
946:
910:Dadia Forest
907:
900:
896:Silver Birch
879:World War II
875:
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811:
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780:Belite Brezi
765:
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749:Asen dynasty
716:The town of
715:
711:Tsigov Chark
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634:, at 620 m.
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544:Silver Birch
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471:Greek Thrace
444:
427:Dospat River
416:
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218:
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199:Type of rock
29:
2080:Agriculture
2037:Chairperson
2013:enforcement
1945:Sredna Gora
1910:Earthquakes
1599:www.fdor.gr
1356:Rodopi Peak
1218:Sarakatsani
1214:Greek Turks
1099:Middle Ages
1003:Prehistoric
887:Sarakatsani
795:Momchilgrad
638:Subdivision
467:Mesta River
419:Middle Ages
362:monasteries
138: /
113:Coordinates
2314:Categories
2246:Literature
2102:(currency)
1991:Government
1775:Mindat.org
1570:23 October
1484:References
1368:Antarctica
1341:Perperikon
1325:Yagodinska
1230:Aromanians
1194:Bulgarians
1034:Perperikon
1018:Perperikon
996:Perperikon
799:Krumovgrad
576:Dospat Dam
558:The river
508:View from
482:coniferous
350:Perperikon
337:hydropower
151:Dimensions
126:24°34′27″E
123:41°36′04″N
2169:Languages
2159:Education
2128:Transport
2049:President
1981:Elections
1920:Provinces
1878:Geography
1337:Snezhanka
1329:Uhlovitsa
1289:Kardzhali
1022:Kardzhali
1014:Thracians
903:wild goat
803:Zlatograd
791:Kardzhali
768:Kardzhali
738:Pamporovo
734:Chepelare
726:Velingrad
624:Mihalkovo
608:Velingrad
596:Vacha Dam
580:Batak Dam
533:Pamporovo
510:Belintash
453:-Rhodope
433:Geography
358:Belintash
308:ecoregion
258:Bulgarian
185:Countries
180:Geography
103:Elevation
57:Aromanian
41:Bulgarian
2294:Category
2241:Language
2186:Religion
2095:Industry
1964:Politics
1950:Villages
1811:Bulgaria
1374:See also
1281:chromite
1224:and the
1107:Lyutitsa
1092:Linear A
1047:fortress
1030:Dionysus
894:and the
881:and the
814:European
612:Narechen
542:and the
346:Thracian
320:and the
296:Bulgaria
288:Rodoplar
219:Rhodopes
69:Rodoplar
35:Rhodopes
18:Rhodopes
2285:Outline
2231:Customs
2219:Cuisine
2196:Culture
2142:Society
2123:Tourism
2068:Economy
1915:Islands
1858:Tsardom
1820:History
1478:Vitosha
1362:in the
1320:Tourism
1297:textile
1293:Plovdiv
1240:Economy
1234:Romance
1127:Ottoman
1115:Tsepina
1097:In the
1081:Mithras
928:History
807:Kirkovo
787:Haskovo
776:Dzhebel
722:Smolyan
568:Maritsa
492:Climate
417:In the
412:Orpheus
284:Turkish
193:Geology
65:Turkish
2299:Portal
2261:Sports
2236:Dances
2209:Cinema
2174:People
2164:Health
2090:Energy
1935:Rivers
1531:
1351:Honour
1313:Ardino
1206:Pomaks
1202:Muslim
1198:Greeks
1174:People
1073:Apollo
855:. The
853:Greece
753:Kosovo
740:, the
713:dams.
695:Dospat
628:Xanthi
550:Waters
478:UNESCO
455:massif
397:Haemus
393:Thrace
300:Greece
280:Rodopi
276:Ροδόπη
267:Rodopi
262:Родопи
156:Length
61:Rodopi
53:Ροδόπη
45:Родопи
2251:Music
2204:Media
2154:Crime
1925:Pirin
1720:(2).
1687:(PDF)
1504:[
1468:Pirin
1345:Tatul
1311:near
1184:Batak
1119:Mezek
1111:Ustra
1045:Ustra
1026:Tatul
730:Devin
718:Batak
699:Batak
684:Turla
632:Drama
620:Beden
616:Devin
560:Mesta
378:Rhod-
354:Tatul
326:karst
318:biome
272:Greek
164:Width
49:Greek
2224:wine
2100:Lev
2001:LGBT
1930:Rila
1572:2020
1529:ISBN
1463:Rila
1343:and
1291:and
1285:iron
1283:and
1277:gold
1269:zinc
1267:and
1265:lead
1232:, a
1212:and
1196:and
1077:Zeus
920:and
823:and
805:and
789:and
770:and
709:and
451:Rila
425:and
405:Hera
403:and
401:Zeus
356:and
217:The
172:Area
94:Peak
2008:Law
1773:at
1722:doi
1358:on
958:by
445:In
391:of
383:In
2316::
1716:.
1712:.
1695:25
1693:.
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1561:.
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246:iː
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