394:
The population figure of SCs in relation to the total population figure had increased from 14.6% in the 1971 census to 16.2% in the 2001 census. Similarly, the population figure of STs had increased from 6.9% in the 1971 census to 8.2% in the 2001 census. The overall increase in the population of SCs
328:
Article 334 of the Indian
Constitution gave reservation to the Anglo-Indian community. It was originally set to expire 20 years after the commencement of the Constitution, but was extended multiple times through constitutional amendments: to 1970 through the 5th Amendment, to 1980 through the 23rd
201:
society. If the SC communities were given a separate electorate, then certain constituencies would have been reserved for them, and only the people belonging to SC communities would have been able to vote for candidates contesting those seats, thus alienating the rest of the Hindus. Eventually, a
84:, the constituencies are known as wards. Thus, there may be as many wards or constituencies as the number of elected seats in the elected body. Reserved constituencies are constituencies in which seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Tribes based on the size of their population.
91:, a separate electorate meant that not only were the seats reserved for a specific group, but voting for the reserved constituency was allowed for only members of that specific community. For example, only Muslims could vote for Muslim candidates in Muslim reserved constituencies.
329:
Amendment, to 1990 through the 45th
Amendment, to 2006 through the 62nd Amendment, to 2010 through the 79th Amendment, and to 2020 through the 95th Amendment. In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were abolished by the
406:
Allocation of seats for
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha are made based on the proportion of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the state based on the state's population, as per Article 330 of the Constitution of India read with Section 3 of the
63:
included in the schedules published by the government to indicate these castes' and tribes' backward status. All voters, including Non-SC, Non-ST community voters, have the right to vote for these candidates belonging to SC or ST candidate, if contesting from their
149:
entitles every citizen to elect representatives. The constitution-makers, however, were worried that open electoral competition would preclude less populous minority groups from election to the national and the state legislative assemblies.
382:(ST). These reserved seats are elected by all voters in a constituency, without a separate electorate. A member of an SC/ST is not debarred from contesting a general (i.e. non-reserved) seat. This system was introduced by the
907:
875:
577:
member. Only
Buddhist monks and nuns belonging to the 111 registered Buddhist monasteries are eligible to vote and stand for this seat. Additionally, 12 seats in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly are reserved for the
386:
in 1950 and was supposed to be in place for the first 10 years, to ensure participation in politics by these groups which were deemed weak, marginalized, under-represented and needing special protection. Under the
965:
1022:
80:, like municipal polls, in addition to SC/ST, other Backward Class candidates also have reserved seats. The constituencies are allotted by lottery system. In the case of municipal and other
174:, 117 seats were reserved for Muslims. Accordingly, the general elections of 1937 were held based on the extended separate electorates, where only Muslims voted for the 117 seats, in
803:
718:"Explained:Anglo-Indian quota, its history, MPs Constitution Amendment passed by Parliament effectively does away with reservation for Anglo-Indian members in LokSabha, Assemblies"
851:"Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan"
760:"Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan"
917:
210:, in which the parties agreed that certain constituencies would be reserved for the SC communities, where the people belonging to SC communities could elect four candidates per
885:
330:
541:
510:
344:, though the number is disputed. The total number of Anglo-Indians is disputed with estimates up to 150,000. Some sources suggest a population between 75,000 and 100,000.
544:
it became 33%. Additionally, the
Lieutenant Governor may nominate two representatives of Kashmiri migrant families to the assembly, one of which is reserved for woman.
403:
from 79 to 84 and for
Scheduled Tribes from 41 to 47 out of 543 constituencies, as per the Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order of 2008.
738:
533:
121:
In the case of separate electorates, the voting population of a country or region is divided into different electorates, based on certain factors such as
102:
An electorate is a group of voters encompassing all the officially qualified voters within a particular country or area or for a particular election. A
444:
Allocation of seats for Other
Backward Classes are made based on the proportion of Other Backward Classes relative to the total state population.
388:
939:
145:. For example, a separate electorate for Muslims means that Muslims will choose their separate leader by separate elections for Muslims. The
137:. Here, members of each electorate vote only for elected representatives for their electorate. Separate electorates are usually demanded by
659:
228:
823:
193:
as a way to ensure sufficient representation for the minority SC communities in the government. This provision was strongly opposed by
999:
48:
850:
759:
537:
408:
52:
262:
73:
41:
1092:
68:. About 25% of Indian population belongs to SC/ST communities. About the same ratio of seats are reserved for them in the
1131:
1023:"Sikkim's Sangha Assembly seat is a perfect example of the state's unique political process to protect minority rights"
563:
553:
498:
363:
322:
258:
717:
619:
490:
453:
60:
178:. The system of separate electorates encouraged sectarian competition, sowing the seeds of the Pakistan movement.
599:
19:
This article is about the reservation in political offices. For the reservation in education and employment, see
1069:
835:
1136:
475:
438:
367:
590:
Some seats, rather than being reserved for specific groups, are chosen by other branches of the government.
391:, this reservation is to last until 2030 and is subject to extension with another constitutional amendment.
687:
682:
677:
340:
who introduced the Bill in the Lok Sabha was that the Anglo-Indian population in India was just 296 in the
1126:
567:
334:
171:
824:
https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/12/13/kerala-anglo-indian-community-ernakulam-kollam-kannur
471:
483:
77:
55:. Scheduled Castes (usually abbreviated as SC), and Scheduled Tribes (usually abbreviated as ST) are
167:
76:, that number will depend on the percentage of population and percentage of SC/ST amongst them. In
804:"Who are the Anglo-Indians and why do they have a quota in Lok Sabha and some state legislatures?"
668:. These 12 members are people who have expertise in art, science, literature and social service.
463:
434:
396:
371:
182:
162:
demanded extra-proportional representation to seek parity with Hindus in sharing power with the
518:
383:
146:
56:
37:
33:
991:
966:"Parliament passes J-K reservation and reorganisation amendment bills: Know all about them"
784:
430:
353:
341:
20:
1111:
1093:"Justice Gogoi is best placed to be a non-partisan conduit between legislature, judiciary"
650:. These members are experts in the fields of art, science, literature and social service.
8:
603:
479:
359:
337:
246:
166:; the British government provided for a separate electorate system to the Muslims in the
69:
237:
community was the only community in India that had its representatives nominated to the
912:
880:
785:"Anglo Indian Members of Parliament (MPs) of India - Powers, Salary, Eligibility, Term"
163:
593:
574:
426:
420:
739:"Centre notifies constitutional amendment doing away with a quota for Anglo Indian"
615:
467:
379:
375:
250:
1043:
141:
who feel it would otherwise be difficult for them to get fair representation in
627:
540:
had 2 seats reserved for the nominated women members. But after the passing of
459:
294:
266:
261:. The President nominated two Anglo-Indian members to the Lok Sabha. Fourteen
203:
194:
190:
186:
81:
1120:
647:
579:
557:
310:
254:
274:
234:
211:
65:
16:
Aspect of apportionment of political offices and university posts in India
665:
639:
623:
526:
502:
318:
314:
298:
242:
88:
609:
306:
207:
142:
138:
134:
643:
635:
522:
514:
506:
494:
400:
302:
286:
282:
238:
571:
214:
who would then be candidates for election by the joint electorate.
122:
992:"32-Sangha Assembly Constituency - One of its kind in the country"
594:
Union government's nominees to the
Puducherry Legislative Assembly
278:
159:
290:
175:
130:
534:
abrogation of
Article 370 and 35A of the Constitution of India
478:. There is a long-term plan to extend this reservation to the
908:"Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar calls for women's empowerment"
631:
270:
198:
126:
29:
715:
618:
can nominate up to 1/6 of the total number of members in a
547:
653:
36:
and university posts are held for specific groups of the
347:
185:
in 1930–32, the concept of separate electorates for the
1070:"Centre can nominate 3 MLAs to Puducherry Assembly: SC"
321:) also had a nominated member each in their respective
664:
The
President of India can nominate 12 members to the
610:
Governor's nominees to the State Legislative Councils
940:"Women's reservation Bill – imperfect but important"
984:
425:As per the enforcement of recommendations of the
1118:
1067:
197:because he believed the move would disintegrate
462:(meaning 'Village Council', which is a form of
399:to increase the seats for Scheduled castes in
1020:
876:"Rajya Sabha passes Women's Reservation Bill"
217:
170:. As a result, of the total 250 seats of the
42:Scheduled Castes(SC) and Scheduled Tribes(ST)
660:List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha
389:104th amendment to the Constitution of India
229:Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha
513:, proposed to reserve 1/3 of all seats in
836:"Anglo-Indians yearn for the magical past"
433:(OBCs) also receive reserved seats in the
331:104th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2019
257:, the first and longtime president of the
158:In India's pre-independence era, in 1906,
47:There are reserved constituencies in both
706:pakistan studies by dr. M. Azam Chaudhary
414:
1112:Third Round Table conference, Poona Pact
548:Sangha and Bhutia-Lepcha seats in Sikkim
409:Representation of the People Act of 1951
654:President's nominees to the Rajya Sabha
585:
505:on 2010. But was never voted on in the
395:and STs in the 2001 census has led the
1119:
626:of the state legislature in 6 states,
538:Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
87:In the earlier history of India under
1090:
509:. In 2023 September, a similar bill
374:-level institutions are reserved for
348:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
153:
112:region is part of a single electorate
1068:Tripathi, Ashish (6 December 2018).
116:votes for the candidates who contest
1036:
1002:from the original on 18 August 2019
848:
458:Women get one-third reservation in
13:
1091:Tanna, Kartikeya (19 March 2020).
868:
554:Sangha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
532:Between 1957 and 2019, before the
259:All India Anglo-Indian Association
14:
1148:
716:Abantika Ghosh, Pradeep Kaushal.
602:, 3 members are nominated by the
521:for women. It was passed in both
801:
491:Women's Reservation Bill of 2010
222:
1084:
1061:
1014:
958:
932:
900:
600:Puducherry Legislative Assembly
202:compromise was reached between
916:. 9 March 2013. Archived from
884:. 9 March 2010. Archived from
842:
828:
817:
795:
777:
752:
731:
709:
700:
542:Women's Reservation Bill, 2023
493:proposed 33% of all seats in
454:Women's Reservation Bill, 2023
249:. This right was secured from
1:
693:
97:
1048:Election Commission of India
688:Proportionate representation
683:Reserved political positions
678:Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam
570:has one seat reserved for a
501:for women. It was passed in
499:State Legislative assemblies
323:State Legislative Assemblies
7:
671:
568:Sikkim Legislative Assembly
172:Bengal Legislative Assembly
168:Indian Councils Act of 1909
44:, and women in some cases.
10:
1153:
1132:Political history of India
657:
551:
451:
418:
351:
333:. The reason cited by the
226:
218:Groups with reserved seats
114:and the entire electorate
18:
620:State Legislative council
604:Union government of India
511:Women's Reservation Bill
447:
108:entire voting population
53:State Assembly elections
1044:"Sikkim - Delimitation"
849:NETWORK, LIVELAW NEWS.
566:in 1975. The 32-member
536:, the former 89-member
397:Delimitation Commission
183:Round Table Conferences
519:legislative assemblies
464:local rural government
431:Other Backward Classes
415:Other Backward Classes
384:Constitution of India
358:Several seats in the
147:Constitution of India
1137:Reservation in India
586:Other reserved seats
354:Reservation in India
342:2011 Census of India
206:and Gandhi with the
78:local body elections
21:Reservation in India
1021:Joydeep Sen Gupta.
970:www.indiatvnews.com
946:. 21 September 2023
838:. 17 December 2011.
517:, and in all state
360:Parliament of India
338:Ravi Shankar Prasad
247:Parliament of India
189:(SC) was raised by
34:political positions
1127:Elections in India
972:. 11 December 2023
944:The Indian Express
913:The Times of India
881:The Times of India
335:Union Law Minister
164:British government
154:Under British rule
118:in the elections.
888:on 11 August 2011
598:In the 33-member
564:merged with India
484:State Legislature
472:District Councils
441:bodies election.
427:Mandal Commission
421:Mandal Commission
106:is one where the
1144:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
996:ceosikkim.nic.in
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
936:
930:
929:
927:
925:
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
872:
866:
865:
863:
861:
846:
840:
839:
832:
826:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
799:
793:
792:
789:www.elections.in
781:
775:
774:
772:
770:
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
735:
729:
728:
726:
724:
713:
707:
704:
529:becoming a law.
476:Municipal bodies
468:Block Panchayats
380:Scheduled Tribes
376:Scheduled Castes
364:State Assemblies
251:Jawaharlal Nehru
110:of a country or
104:joint electorate
1152:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1072:. Deccan Herald
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1003:
990:
989:
985:
975:
973:
964:
963:
959:
949:
947:
938:
937:
933:
923:
921:
906:
905:
901:
891:
889:
874:
873:
869:
859:
857:
847:
843:
834:
833:
829:
822:
818:
808:
806:
800:
796:
783:
782:
778:
768:
766:
758:
757:
753:
743:
741:
737:
736:
732:
722:
720:
714:
710:
705:
701:
696:
674:
662:
656:
612:
596:
588:
582:ethnic people.
560:
552:Main articles:
550:
460:Gram Panchayats
456:
450:
423:
417:
356:
350:
231:
225:
220:
156:
100:
94:
82:local elections
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1083:
1060:
1035:
1013:
983:
957:
931:
899:
867:
841:
827:
816:
802:Kaul, Sumeet.
794:
776:
764:www.livelaw.in
751:
730:
708:
698:
697:
695:
692:
691:
690:
685:
680:
673:
670:
658:Main article:
655:
652:
628:Andhra Pradesh
611:
608:
595:
592:
587:
584:
549:
546:
452:Main article:
449:
446:
419:Main article:
416:
413:
352:Main article:
349:
346:
295:Madhya Pradesh
267:Andhra Pradesh
227:Main article:
224:
221:
219:
216:
191:B. R. Ambedkar
181:Again, in the
155:
152:
99:
96:
32:, a number of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1149:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1094:
1087:
1071:
1064:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1024:
1017:
1001:
997:
993:
987:
971:
967:
961:
945:
941:
935:
920:on 5 May 2013
919:
915:
914:
909:
903:
887:
883:
882:
877:
871:
856:
852:
845:
837:
831:
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820:
805:
798:
790:
786:
780:
765:
761:
755:
740:
734:
719:
712:
703:
699:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
669:
667:
661:
651:
649:
648:Uttar Pradesh
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
607:
605:
601:
591:
583:
581:
580:Bhutia-Lepcha
576:
573:
569:
565:
559:
558:Bhutia-Lepcha
555:
545:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
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461:
455:
445:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
422:
412:
410:
404:
402:
398:
392:
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385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
355:
345:
343:
339:
336:
332:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:Uttar Pradesh
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Frank Anthony
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
230:
223:Anglo-Indians
215:
213:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
151:
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144:
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136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
95:
92:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:Parliamentary
45:
43:
39:
35:
31:
26:
22:
1096:. Retrieved
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
995:
986:
974:. Retrieved
969:
960:
948:. Retrieved
943:
934:
922:. Retrieved
918:the original
911:
902:
890:. Retrieved
886:the original
879:
870:
858:. Retrieved
854:
844:
830:
819:
807:. Retrieved
797:
788:
779:
767:. Retrieved
763:
754:
742:. Retrieved
733:
721:. Retrieved
711:
702:
663:
613:
597:
589:
561:
531:
488:
457:
443:
424:
405:
393:
357:
327:
275:Chhattisgarh
235:Anglo-Indian
232:
212:constituency
187:Untouchables
180:
157:
120:
115:
111:
107:
103:
101:
93:
89:British rule
86:
66:constituency
46:
40:, including
27:
25:
976:12 December
666:Rajya Sabha
640:Maharashtra
624:upper house
562:Sikkim was
527:Rajya Sabha
503:Rajya Sabha
319:West Bengal
315:Uttarakhand
299:Maharashtra
243:lower house
1121:Categories
1006:22 January
769:25 January
694:References
480:Parliament
307:Tamil Nadu
208:Poona Pact
143:government
139:minorities
135:occupation
98:Definition
72:. In each
70:Parliament
38:population
1053:3 January
644:Telangana
636:Karnataka
523:Lok Sabha
515:Lok Sabha
507:Lok Sabha
495:Lok Sabha
401:Lok Sabha
378:(SC) and
303:Telangana
287:Karnataka
283:Jharkhand
245:) in the
239:Lok Sabha
1076:1 August
1000:Archived
950:14 April
855:Live Law
672:See also
616:Governor
572:Buddhist
497:and all
204:Ambedkar
123:religion
860:17 June
279:Gujarat
160:Muslims
1098:3 June
1028:3 June
924:4 June
892:4 June
809:2 June
744:3 June
723:4 June
622:, the
575:Sangha
429:, the
291:Kerala
263:states
195:Gandhi
176:Bengal
133:, and
131:gender
61:tribes
57:castes
632:Bihar
448:Women
439:Urban
435:Rural
372:rural
368:urban
271:Bihar
199:Hindu
127:caste
74:state
30:India
1100:2020
1078:2020
1055:2021
1030:2020
1008:2021
978:2023
952:2024
926:2020
894:2020
862:2020
811:2020
771:2020
746:2020
725:2020
646:and
556:and
525:and
489:The
482:and
474:and
437:and
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317:and
233:The
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28:In
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1032:.
1010:.
980:.
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896:.
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