721:
153:
7303:
7327:
1436:
2147:
1991:, and thus declined to intervene. Even before the rebellions, Genoa's control of the island had been loose; the Republic had effectively demilitarized itself, with only 2,000 soldiers (all spread throughout fortifications in Liguria) for a mainland population of about half a million, and law and order on Corsica were very weak, with nearly 900 homicides per 100,000 people there annually from 1701 to 1733. The Genoese government tried to ban private firearm ownership on Corsica without success. A guerilla war would continue on the island until it was sold to France in 1768.
118:
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656:
3604:
5441:
7291:
1995:
1663:(1380), Genoa went into decline. This pivotal war with Venice has come to be called the War of Chioggia because of this decisive battle which resulted in the defeat of Genoa at the hands of Venice. Prior to the War of Chioggia, which lasted from 1379 until 1381, the Genoese had enjoyed a naval ascendency that was the source of their power and position within northern Italy. The Genoan defeat deprived Genoa of this naval supremacy, pushed it out of eastern Mediterranean markets and began the decline of the city-state. Rising
7223:
7315:
7248:
7474:
1816:
1107:
1600:
3509:
1954:
9808:
9195:
7277:
1525:
9798:
104:
685:
3784:
7235:
703:
5406:
9184:
9818:
1738:
1564:. During 1283 both Genoa and Pisa made war preparations. Genoa built 120 galleys, 60 of which belonged to the Republic, while the other 60 galleys were rented to individuals. More than 15,000 mercenaries were hired as rowmen and soldiers. The Pisan fleet avoided combat, and tried to wear out the Genoese fleet during 1283. On August 5, 1284, in the naval
2041:. On 26 June 1745, the Republic of Genoa declared war on the Kingdom of Sardinia. This decision would prove disastrous for Genoa, which later surrendered to the Austrians in September 1746 and was briefly occupied before a revolt liberated the city two months later. The Austrians returned in 1747 and, along with a contingent of Sardinian forces,
1238:. The attackers captured the city, but could not hold it against Arab forces. After the burning of the Arab fleet in the city's harbor, the Genoese and Pisan troops retreated. The destruction of the Arab fleet gave control of the Western Mediterranean to Genoa, Venice, and Pisa. This enabled Western Europe to supply the troops of the
1584:. Genoa captured 30 Pisan ships, and sank seven. About 8,000 Pisans were killed during the battle, more than half of the Pisan troops, which were about 14,000. The defeat of Pisa, which never fully recovered as a maritime competitor, resulted in gain of control of the commerce of Corsica by Genoa. The Sardinian town of
954:(ceding two towns to France in 1861) and from Italy, and survives to the present day as a vestige of the Genoese empire. The numerous small Genoese territories and ports across the Mediterranean and Black seas largely dissolved into respective regional histories, though influences can be identified, such as the
1757:. From 1499 to 1528, the Republic reached its nadir, being under nearly continual French occupation. The Spanish, with their intramural allies, the "old nobility" entrenched in the mountain fastnesses behind Genoa, captured the city on May 30, 1522, and subjected the city to a pillage. When the admiral
3550:
The history of Genoa, of the
Genoese and of the republic that held its fate for a long time, but also of the governments that gradually took turns leading the city, to reach the time of the Doges, is traceable through the work of historians who have continued the storytelling work begun at the end of
953:
in 1860, before it became a part of
Kingdom of Italy in 1861. That did not include Monaco, which was controlled by a Genoese family, the Grimaldi, but had separated from Genoa centuries earlier and had been a protectorate of Sardinia after the Treaty of Vienna. It secured its independence from France
1986:
for each dead soldier, joining the
Republic's soldiers commanded by Camillo Doria. Genoa managed to contain the rebellion, however this did not prove lasting. Another revolt broke out in 1733, causing the Genoese to again appeal to the Emperor, but the Imperial Army was tied up against the French in
1698:
Though not well-studied, Genoa in the 15th century seems to have been tumultuous. The city had a strong tradition of trading goods from the Levant and its financial expertise was recognised all over Europe. After a brief period of French domination from 1394 to 1409, Genoa came under the rule of the
1403:
Over the course of the 11th and particularly the 12th centuries, Genoa became the dominant naval force in the
Western Mediterranean, as its erstwhile rivals Pisa and Amalfi declined in importance. Genoa (along with Venice) succeeded in gaining a central position in the Mediterranean slave trade at
3594:
The republic was substantially democratic in shape, while those of the Podestàs and the
Captains of the people strongly restored the often conflicting relationship between the authority and the freedom. The perpetual doges, on the other hand, proclaimed themselves popular, even though sometimes
2072:
In 1794 and 1795 the revolutionary echoes from France reached Genoa, thanks to
Genoese propagandists and refugees sheltered in the nearby state of the Alps, and in 1794 a conspiracy against the aristocratic and oligarchic ruling class developed. However, in May 1797 the intent of the Genoese
897:
played a fundamental role in the wealth and power of the
Republic over the centuries and its importance was recognized throughout Europe. To this day, its legacy, as a key factor in the triumph of the Genoese Republic, is still recognized and its coat of arms is depicted in the flag of the
1867:
as
Spanish financiers. The Genoese bankers provided the unwieldy Habsburg system with fluid credit and a dependably regular income. In return the less dependable shipments of American silver were rapidly transferred from Seville to Genoa, to provide capital for further ventures.
1753:, a French royal governor. However, with support from Milan, Genoa revolted and the Republic was restored in 1461. The Milanese then changed sides, conquering Genoa in 1464 and holding it as a fief of the French crown. Between 1463–78 and 1488–99, Genoa was held by the Milanese
1772:
Under the ensuing economic recovery, many aristocratic
Genoese families, such as the Balbi, Doria, Grimaldi, Pallavicini, and Serra, amassed tremendous fortunes. According to Felipe Fernandez-Armesto and others, the practices Genoa developed in the Mediterranean (such as
1961:
In a climate of constant economic and power decline, in 1729 the
Republic had to face another revolt in Corsica. It is considered the first moment of real rupture between the island and the Genoese Republic: perhaps the most important, because the representatives of the
1831:
has even called the period 1557 to 1627 the "age of the Genoese", "of a rule that was so discreet and sophisticated that historians for a long time failed to notice it". However, the modern visitor passing brilliant Mannerist and Baroque palazzo facades along Genoa's
1875:, the first port on the Pacific, founded by the conquest of the Americas. The Genoese obtained a concession to exploit the port mainly for the slave trade of the new world on the Pacific, which lasted until the sacking and destruction of the original city in 1671.
1644:
rule was established on the Kingdom. Genoa, which had supported the Aragonese, was granted free trading and export rights in the Kingdom of Sicily. Genoese bankers also profited from loans to the new nobility of Sicily. Corsica was formally annexed in 1347.
1504:
As a result, the balance of favour tipped toward Genoa, which was granted free trade rights in the Nicene Empire. Besides the control of commerce in the hands of Genoese merchants, Genoa received ports and way stations in many islands and settlements in the
1909:
in the Netherlands in the early 17th century. The decline of Spain in the 17th century brought also the renewed decline of Genoa, and the Spanish crown's frequent bankruptcies, in particular, ruined many of Genoa's merchant houses. In 1684 the city was
5125:
2096:
on June 14, 1797, under the watchful care of Napoleonic France. After Bonaparte's seizure of power in France, a more conservative constitution was enacted, but the Ligurian Republic's life was short—in 1805 it was annexed by France, becoming the
1296:, one ship, and 1,200 soldiers from Genoa joined the crusade. The Genoese troops, led by noblemen de Insula and Avvocato, set sail in July 1097. The Genoese fleet transported and provided naval support to the crusaders, mainly during the
1619:
Genoese merchants pressed south, to the island of Sicily, and into Muslim North Africas, where Genoese established trading posts, pursuing the gold that traveled up through the Sahara and establishing Atlantic depots as far afield as
3699:
Assereto, Ayroli, Canevaro, Chiavica Cibo, Clavarezza, Da Passano, De Ferrari, De Fornari, De Marini, Di Negro, Ferreti, Franzoni, Frugoni, Garbarino, Giudice Calvi, Odone, Saluzzo, Senarega, Vacca and Vivaldi: one doge
4054:
Genoese traders bought salt – from Hyères near Toulon in French Provence, from Cagliari in Sardinia, Tortosa in Iberia, and from other areas in the Black Sea, North Africa, Cyprus, Crete, and Ibiza – and made
2092:) and his representatives in Genoa was the final act that led to the fall of the Republic when in early June, the old elites who had ruled the state for all of its history were overthrown, giving birth to the
5118:
5009:
1823:
Thereafter, Genoa underwent something of a revival as a junior associate of the Spanish Empire, with Genoese bankers, in particular, financing many of the Spanish crown's foreign endeavors from their
5041:(Zamboanga City History)"He (Governor Don Sebastían Hurtado de Corcuera) brought a great reënforcements of soldiers, many of them from Perú, as he made his voyage to Acapulco from that kingdom."
1648:
Genoa was far more than a depot of drugs and spices from the East: an essential engine of its economy was the weaving of silk textiles, from imported thread, following the symmetrical styles of
1596:
which was controlled by Genoa. Control of Sardinia, however, did not pass permanently to Genoa: the Aragonese kings of Naples disputed control and did not secure it until the fifteenth century.
1373:, and Egypt. Although Genoa maintained free-trading rights in Egypt and Syria, it lost some of its territorial possessions after Saladin's campaigns in those areas in the late 12th century.
1327:, granted to the Republic of Genoa as part of their reward for providing military support to the First Crusade. Many settlements in the Middle East were given to Genoa as well as favorable
4267:
843:, the Republic had lost many of its colonies, and had to shift its interests and focus on banking. This decision would prove successful for Genoa, which remained as one of the hubs of
2126:, which lasted less than a year. However, the congress established the annexation of the territories, and therefore of the whole of Liguria with the Oltregiogo area and the island of
1388:, who swore fealty to the republic and promised to guard the city with three hundred men at all times. This demonstrates how Genoa's early efforts at expanding her influence involved
152:
1690:("defender of the municipality") of Genoa. Though the republic had previously been under partial foreign control, this marked the first time Genoa was dominated by a foreign power.
5086:
4997:
Chius Vincta or the Occupation of Chios by the Turks (1566) and Their Administration of the Island (1566–1912), Described in Contemporary Diplomatic Reports and Official Dispatches
1323:. As a result, he granted them a headquarters, the church of San Giovanni, and 30 houses in Antioch. On May 6, 1098 a part of the Genoese army returned to Genoa with the relics of
9902:
1357:
The Republic's role as a maritime power in the region secured many favorable commercial treaties for Genoese merchants. They came to control a large portion of the trade of the
3799:
in 1860. This stranded Monaco inside France, which was controlled by a Genoese family as protectorate. The next year the rest of the Kingdom of Sardinia became a part of the
5932:
4059:. They then sold salami in southern Italy for raw silk, which was sold in Lucca for fabrics, which were then sold to Lyon. Mule caravans from Genoa carried salt directly to
4879:
3622:
After the reform of 1528, among the seventy-nine "biennial Doges" who came to power, many were elected from a small number of noble houses in the city organized into 28 "
1840:
cannot fail to notice that there was conspicuous wealth, which in fact was not Genoese but concentrated in the hands of a tightly knit circle of banker-financiers, true "
1548:
was established. The alliance with the restored Byzantine Empire increased the wealth and power of Genoa, and simultaneously decreased Venetian and Pisan commerce. The
7350:
4179:
Roman Catholicism was the state and predominant religion of the Republic, but the following religions were also present both in the city of Genoa and in its colonies:
735:
1560:, after being called for support by the judge Sinucello who revolted against Genoa. In August 1282, part of the Genoese fleet blockaded Pisan commerce near the river
1167:
1882:, the then governor of Panama, had recruited Genoese, Peruvians, and Panamanians, as soldiers to wage war against Muslims in the Philippines and to found the city
1094:
The local organization remained politically and socially significant for centuries. As late as 1382, the members of the Grand Council were classified by both the
5017:
9872:
9862:
9261:
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4433:
2017:, caused some consternation in the Republic. However, when this provisional relationship was given a more durable and reliable character in the signing of the
9627:
4921:, eds. Florence Alden Gragg, trans., and Leona C. Gabel (13 books; Smith College: Northampton, Massachusetts, 1936–37, 1939–40, 1947, 1951, 1957) pp. 369–70.
1392:
private citizens to the commune and controlling overseas territories indirectly, rather than through the republican administration. In 1148, it joined the
9867:
9857:
9763:
5661:
1071:. This has led to discussion about whether early tenth-century Genoa was "hardly more than a fishing village" or a vibrant trading town worth attacking.
3595:
crossing the oligarchy; finally the fifth republic was institutionally aristocratic. By custom, prelates in Genoa were unable to take on public office.
4327:
2089:
5925:
2060:
was declared in 1755. Eventually relying on French intervention to quash the rebellion, Genoa was forced to cede Corsica to the French in the 1768
5595:
175:
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1528:
Territories of the Republic of Genoa (economic influence areas shown in pink) around the mediterranean & Black Sea coasts, 1400, since the
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1470:
meant that Venetian trading rights were enforced, and Venice gained control of a large portion of the commerce of the eastern Mediterranean.
5201:
1938:
killed as many as half of the inhabitants of Genoa in 1656–57. Genoa continued its slow decline well into the 18th century, losing its last
9353:
8917:
8269:
7200:
5918:
1339:
1902:
1078:
gave full legal freedom to the city of Genoa, guaranteeing the possession of its lands in the form of landed lordships. At the end of the
7532:
5395:
5083:
1769:
to oust the French and restore Genoa's independence, a renewed prospect opened: 1528 marks the first loan from Genoese banks to Charles.
4857:
8881:
7811:
7345:
5039:"SECOND BOOK OF THE SECOND PART OF THE CONQUESTS OF THE FILIPINAS ISLANDS, AND CHRONICLE OF THE RELIGIOUS OF OUR FATHER, ST. AUGUSTINE"
9015:
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5067:
2081:
took shape, giving rise to a fratricidal war in the streets between opponents and popular supporters of the current customs system.
9907:
8922:
5484:
4135:
1384:
reconquer that city from the Muslims. After the conquest the republic leased out its third of the city to one of its own citizens,
425:
413:
399:
8487:
6283:
3094:
7699:
2238:
945:
in 1805; its restoration was briefly proclaimed in 1814 following the defeat of Napoleon, but it was ultimately annexed by the
9882:
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9165:
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5337:
4358:
4297:
3245:
3185:
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8045:
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2021:, in 1743, the fear of diplomatic isolation had caused the Genoese Republic to abandon its neutrality and to ally with the
1894:. In this situation Genoese Bankers were thus active in Spain's Mediterranean and New World possessions (Peru, Mexico, and
661:
5777:
4715:
Speaking of Slavery: Color, Ethnicity, and Human Bondage in Italy (Conjunctions of Religion and Power in the Medieval Past
3235:
1819:
A view of Genoa and its fleet by Christoforo de Grassi (1597 copy, after a drawing of 1481); Galata Museo del Mare, Genoa.
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5182:"Émeutes populaires en Corse: aux origines de l'insurrection contre la domination génoise (Décembre 1729 – Juillet 1731)"
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710:
4237:
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8055:
7816:
7654:
6980:
6651:
5899:
3405:
3215:
2675:
1809:
17:
1749:, the Doge of Genoa in 1458 handed the Republic over to the French, making it the Duchy of Genoa under the control of
1381:
9887:
9821:
9783:
9313:
8242:
8217:
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1975:
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2026:
1999:
1971:
1055:. During this time and in the following century Genoa was little more than a small centre, slowly building its
882:, originally elected for life, after 1528 was elected for terms of two years; in practice, the Republic was an
3690:
Balbi, Cambiaso, Chiavari, Lercari, Pinelli, Promontorio, Veneroso, Viale and Zoagli families: two doges each.
3290:
1300:
in 1098, when the Genoese fleet blockaded the city while the troops provided support during the siege. In the
1006:, in reference to its glory and impressive landmarks. For over eight centuries the republic was also known as
9733:
9564:
8937:
8768:
8655:
8186:
8181:
7537:
7383:
6975:
6909:
6708:
6440:
6363:
6214:
2660:
1766:
1068:
7624:
4319:
3270:
1844:". Genoa's trade, however, remained closely dependent on control of Mediterranean sealanes, and the loss of
9917:
9892:
8696:
8635:
8620:
8472:
8333:
7786:
4908:(Doctoral dissertation – unpublished: Harvard University, 1957) pp. 151–53, 161–62, 495–98, 500–05, 510–12.
4880:"Genova, Carige diventa Bper: disguidi nel primo giorno sotto la nuova insegna. In mattinata sito bloccato"
3485:
3448:
3368:
3328:
3230:
3225:
1988:
1498:
1454:
The commercial and cultural rivalry of Genoa and Venice was played out through the thirteenth century. The
1957:
Ancient map of Genoa as it was inside the "old walls"; attributed to Francesco Maria Accinelli (1700–1777)
1354:
every year, and one-third of Baldwin's conquest every time 50 or more Genoese soldiers joined his troops.
1059:, which was to become the leading commercial carrier of the Western Mediterranean. In 934–35 the town was
9877:
9743:
9040:
8758:
8604:
8386:
8296:
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Coat of arms of the Fregoso family, one of the most influential dynasties in the history of the republic.
3220:
2138:, contravening the principle of restoring the legitimate governments and monarchies of the old Republic.
2061:
1370:
1726:, founded in 1407, which was the oldest state deposit bank in the world at its closure in 1805, and the
1039:
was invaded by Germanic tribes, and, in about 643, Genoa and other Ligurian cities were captured by the
9842:
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9728:
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1655:
As a result of the economic retrenchment in Europe in the late fourteenth century, as well as its long
1490:
1423:. Not all of Genoa's merchandise was so innocuous, however, as medieval Genoa became a major player in
1281:
828:
495:
482:
3611:
In the first two centuries from the institution of the Dogate for life in Genoa, it was above all the
878:
Republic of Genoa). From 1339 until the state's extinction in 1797, the ruler of the republic was the
9932:
9912:
9897:
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8814:
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4695:
John Bryan Williams, "The Making of a Crusade: The Genoese Anti-Muslim Attacks in Spain, 1146–1148".
3807:
At the time of its founding in the early 11th century the Republic of Genoa consisted of the city of
3333:
3300:
3200:
3195:
2865:
2482:
1750:
1581:
1301:
866:("the Republic of the Magnificents"). From the 11th century to 1528, it was officially known as the
9922:
9712:
9140:
9130:
9110:
9080:
9035:
8733:
8575:
8507:
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6273:
6209:
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of the city increased, so did the territory of the Republic. By the end of the 12th century all of
3552:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3250:
2825:
2228:
1891:
1478:
508:
5150:
4672:
2605:
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9386:
9020:
8783:
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6685:
6180:
6110:
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4180:
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was granted to the Republic. At that period the Republic of Genoa also controlled one quarter of
3867:
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3373:
3338:
3054:
2700:
2291:
2203:
2112:
1633:
1604:
1393:
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1320:
1235:
369:
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9773:
9529:
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Before Columbus: Exploration and Colonization from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, 1229–1492
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2018:
1715:
to internal revolt, and its colonies in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Asia Minor to the
1675:
1335:
1324:
950:
290:
5051:"Imperial Ambition in the Early Modern Mediterranean: Genoese Merchants and the Spanish Crown"
5038:
2507:
1404:
this time. This left the Republic with only one major rival in the Mediterranean: Venice. The
1273:
9592:
9484:
9441:
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8952:
8932:
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8795:
8553:
8533:
8343:
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7905:
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Naval warfare under oars, 4th to 16th centuries: a study of strategy, tactics and ship design
3942:
3913:. At the end of the 14th century the colony of Samastri was established in the Black Sea and
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3074:
2955:
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2547:
2457:
2301:
2183:
2042:
1424:
1060:
930:
4664:
2146:
1780:
At the time of Genoa's peak in the 16th century, the city attracted many artists, including
1667:
power also cut into the Genoese emporia in the Aegean, and the Black Sea trade was reduced.
1435:
812:. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, it was one of the major financial centres in Europe.
9811:
9753:
9549:
9456:
9426:
9411:
9217:
8876:
8691:
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7005:
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The Twilight of a Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats And European Conflicts, 1560–1800
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1927:
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In 1396, in order to protect the republic from internal unrest and the provocations of the
1656:
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1409:
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1075:
1032:
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534:
323:
1090:) and of the lords of the surrounding valleys and coasts. The new city-state was termed a
8:
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4125:
4087:
for salt and for other cargoes, such as salami, prosciutto, cheese, textiles and spices.
3926:
3578:
3398:
3343:
3265:
3175:
3064:
2577:
2359:
2349:
2344:
2233:
2131:
2014:
2006:
1931:
1922:
In May 1625, a French-Savoian army briefly laid siege to Genoa. Though it was eventually
1856:
1805:
1746:
1679:
1593:
1462:, diverting "Latin" energies to the ruin of its former patron and present trading rival,
1405:
1328:
1316:
1305:
1288:, went to Genoa and preached in the church of San Siro in order to gather troops for the
1123:
1098:
to which they belonged as well as by their political faction ("noble" versus "popular").
946:
942:
840:
443:
304:
7634:
2029:. Consequently, the Republic of Genoa signed a secret treaty with the Bourbon allies of
9801:
9637:
9612:
9514:
9391:
9343:
9338:
9328:
9266:
9135:
9120:
9100:
8957:
8898:
8851:
8773:
8630:
8600:
8590:
8565:
8538:
8445:
8438:
8374:
8130:
8125:
7842:
7659:
7555:
7542:
7517:
7446:
7332:
7307:
7266:
7209:
7074:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6939:
6904:
6899:
6857:
6821:
6680:
6575:
6497:
6470:
6410:
6313:
6298:
6136:
6116:
5706:
5425:
4084:
3902:
3681:
3479:
3453:
3295:
3285:
3255:
3210:
3155:
3141:
3004:
2945:
2720:
2635:
2354:
2119:
1860:
1722:
In the 15th century, two of the earliest banks in the world were founded in Genoa: the
1577:
1455:
1412:
were the main players of the slave trade in the Mediterranean during the middle ages.
1385:
1309:
1277:
1200:
1196:
1180:
1151:
1048:
915:
785:
123:
4934:. (3 vols; Ohio University Press: Athens, Ohio, 1970, 1971, 1981) vol. III, p. xxxvii.
1671:
103:
9797:
9539:
9509:
9499:
9489:
9396:
9381:
9248:
9085:
9075:
8947:
8861:
8826:
8753:
8743:
8521:
8391:
8305:
8115:
8089:
8077:
7872:
7867:
7852:
7847:
7832:
7463:
7453:
6919:
6914:
6847:
6806:
6800:
6641:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6348:
6328:
6278:
6268:
6249:
5766:
5671:
5358:
5333:
4847:
4799:
4739:
4676:
4643:
4600:
4558:
4529:
4475:
4159:
3630:
3603:
3556:
3490:
3463:
3240:
3180:
3044:
2815:
2725:
2477:
2374:
2162:
2093:
2057:
2038:
2030:
1887:
1863:
in 1557, which threw the German banking houses into chaos and ended the reign of the
1801:
1781:
1700:
1641:
1629:
1565:
1343:
1250:
1227:
1127:
1083:
991:
938:
907:
805:
764:
756:
692:
561:
275:
249:
236:
213:
47:
5440:
2760:
2218:
1258:
9758:
9707:
9702:
9642:
9607:
9519:
9476:
9446:
9368:
9286:
9256:
9155:
8977:
8927:
8908:
8903:
8856:
8763:
8701:
8681:
8669:
8625:
8428:
8408:
8396:
8259:
8140:
7857:
7720:
7712:
7572:
7441:
7319:
7253:
7136:
6718:
6713:
6636:
6570:
6565:
6435:
6405:
6373:
6229:
6174:
6153:
6131:
5910:
5752:
5701:
5676:
5193:
4120:
4102:
3871:
3843:
3800:
3778:
3722:
3672:
3636:
3623:
3473:
3433:
3150:
2984:
2890:
2790:
2775:
2685:
2615:
2522:
2517:
2492:
2399:
2379:
2364:
2223:
2022:
1789:
1637:
1589:
1553:
1549:
1482:
1358:
1297:
1285:
1184:
1170:. In 1066, war erupted between Genoa and Pisa – possibly over control of Sardinia.
1139:
1111:
926:
903:
816:
801:
797:
769:
223:
75:
8227:
4350:
4289:
2805:
2715:
9768:
9682:
9652:
9376:
9293:
9065:
9055:
9050:
9045:
8942:
8866:
8728:
8247:
8145:
8030:
7930:
7837:
7512:
7399:
7227:
6659:
6627:
6622:
6602:
6465:
6425:
6395:
6378:
6338:
6323:
6308:
6239:
6224:
6141:
6121:
5994:
5721:
5681:
5629:
5551:
5430:
5090:
5071:
4099:, Italian explorer who worked for the Spanish and discovered the Americas in 1492
3765:
3757:
3660:
3513:
3205:
3190:
2830:
2710:
2670:
2645:
2625:
2572:
2557:
2409:
2404:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2213:
2188:
1963:
1923:
1841:
1828:
1793:
1774:
1754:
1660:
1338:(reigned 1100–1118). To secure the alliance, Baldwin gave Genoa one-third of the
1231:
1188:
1146:. Muslims raided Pisa in 1000, and in 1015 they escalated their attacks, raiding
1131:
1040:
955:
7629:
7545:
6517:
2610:
2437:
1872:
9672:
9617:
9571:
9524:
9504:
9348:
9271:
9198:
9145:
9115:
9060:
8967:
8841:
8788:
8748:
8418:
8413:
8264:
8164:
8120:
8072:
8020:
7974:
7942:
7900:
7877:
7596:
7591:
7295:
7142:
7038:
7032:
6632:
6607:
6480:
6475:
6460:
6455:
6390:
6385:
6368:
6333:
6126:
6104:
6048:
5987:
5815:
5711:
5696:
5691:
5571:
5119:"I testi polemici della Rivoluzione Corsa: dalla giustificazione al disinganno"
5053:
By Céline Dauverd (Published by Cambridge University Press) Chapter 2, Page 68.
4163:
4035:
3968:
3930:
3918:
3824:
3792:
3714:
3654:
3642:
3443:
3170:
3136:
2935:
2925:
2880:
2840:
2835:
2780:
2770:
2765:
2750:
2680:
2665:
2650:
2640:
2552:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2135:
2034:
1883:
1849:
1824:
1762:
1731:
1716:
1664:
1649:
1486:
1463:
1459:
1362:
1262:
1192:
1159:
1143:
1082:
the municipality adopted a constitution, at a meeting consisting of the city's
1056:
983:
911:
777:
728:
143:
61:
7473:
2735:
1970:, "justified" the war. This time the Genoese government requested the help of
839:
from the 14th century to 1462 and 1566, respectively. With the arrival of the
9836:
9431:
9070:
8711:
8281:
7969:
7947:
7806:
7577:
6826:
6664:
6168:
6042:
6014:
5884:
5866:
5861:
5656:
5473:
4229:
4115:
4076:
4020:
3990:
3854:. In the following years the Genoese established further colonies in Crimea:
3820:
3726:
3612:
3584:
3280:
3114:
3084:
2994:
2900:
2895:
2870:
2850:
2690:
2562:
2537:
2512:
2497:
2487:
2472:
2427:
2193:
2169:
1994:
1983:
1939:
1935:
1625:
1350:
and its port's income. Additionally the Republic of Genoa would receive 300
1289:
1269:
1239:
1134:
was president of the city; however, actual power was wielded by a number of "
1064:
1051:; the first Carolingian count of Genoa was Ademarus, who was given the title
879:
521:
469:
256:
190:
177:
157:
The Republic of Genoa and its colonies in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea
109:
5197:
3933:
conquered most of the Genoese overseas territories during the 15th century.
1599:
9597:
9494:
9298:
9188:
8995:
8800:
8570:
8174:
8040:
7989:
7964:
7490:
7482:
6199:
6054:
6034:
5561:
5541:
5520:
5500:
4824:. Vol. 5 – The Renaissance. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 189.
4016:
3703:
2950:
2930:
2915:
2875:
2860:
2820:
2755:
2740:
2630:
2532:
2198:
1947:
1758:
1727:
1569:
1467:
1439:
1347:
1315:
After the capture of Antioch on May 3, 1098, Genoa forged an alliance with
1207:
1079:
899:
894:
617:
547:
5084:
Early modern Italy (16th to 18th centuries) » The 17th-century crisis
1815:
1494:
9748:
9451:
9358:
9240:
9090:
9030:
9000:
8353:
7984:
6752:
6617:
4906:
The Italian League and Francesco Sforza – A Study in Diplomacy, 1450–1466
3972:
3693:
3428:
2965:
2905:
2855:
2800:
2595:
2527:
2253:
2248:
1967:
1895:
1147:
438:
4843:
Genoa and the Sea: Policy and Power in an Early Modern Maritime Republic
4472:
Genoa and the Sea: Policy and Power in an Early Modern Maritime Republic
3562:
The Republic of Genoa's governance history is divided into five stages:
3508:
2067:
1953:
9323:
9209:
8348:
7957:
5686:
4064:
3953:
3836:
3751:
3735:
3468:
3458:
2920:
2885:
2810:
2795:
2730:
2655:
2600:
2502:
2447:
2326:
2311:
1785:
1576:, defeated the Pisan fleet, which consisted of 72 ships and was led by
1524:
1506:
1420:
1119:
949:
in 1815. The Kingdom Sardinia ceded an area to France near Nice in the
844:
7276:
5807:
5461:
3572:
1377:
350:
9632:
9401:
7178:
6019:
5802:
5772:
5716:
4596:
4072:
3886:
3866:. Genoa and its colonies fought against several Mongol states in the
3863:
3847:
3731:
2940:
2620:
2316:
2208:
1777:) were crucial in the exploration and exploitation of the New World.
1545:
1537:
1389:
883:
809:
246:
5841:
4063:, where it was transferred to river barges and transported down the
4024:
9667:
9544:
9421:
9005:
8990:
8985:
8886:
7920:
7915:
7664:
7416:
6737:
6219:
6024:
5967:
5851:
5797:
5726:
5505:
4060:
3946:
3898:
3812:
2785:
2542:
2306:
2243:
2104:
2085:
1704:
1474:
1447:
1163:
1142:. At that time Muslim raiders were attacking coastal cities on the
999:
934:
887:
623:
7368:
3764:
for almost 200 years, and important players in the history of the
2108:
2045:
before being driven off by the approach of a Franco-Spanish army.
1812:
settled elsewhere and a number of local artists became prominent.
1552:
had granted the majority of free trading rights to Genoa. In 1282
1106:
9308:
7952:
7677:
5999:
5960:
5836:
5831:
5787:
5757:
5747:
5666:
4457:
I "Politici" del Medioevo genovese: il Liber Civilitatis del 1528
4260:"England owes arrears over St George's Cross, claims Genoa mayor"
4184:
4080:
4028:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3979:
3922:
3828:
3816:
3783:
3718:
3648:
De Franchi, Giustiniani and Lomellini families: seven doges each.
3616:
2127:
2122:, Genoa regained an ephemeral independence, with the name of the
2074:
2053:
2010:
1943:
1797:
1712:
1585:
1557:
1540:. In the same century the Republic conquered many settlements in
1536:
Genoa and Pisa became the only states with trading rights in the
1254:
1215:
1044:
820:
789:
5405:
4426:"RM Strumenti - La città medievale italiana - Testimonianze, 13"
1737:
1621:
1497:. On July 25, 1261, Nicaean troops under Alexios Strategopoulos
8645:
6507:
5856:
5846:
5811:
5455:
4167:
4056:
3986:
3914:
3906:
3894:
3851:
3832:
3761:
3743:
3739:
3566:
2462:
1979:
1864:
1708:
1612:
1541:
1518:
1514:
1443:
1416:
1351:
1293:
1223:
1211:
1135:
832:
824:
674:
5106:
The Italian community in Tunisia, 1861–1961: a viable minority
1168:
In 1016, the allied troops of Genoa and Pisa defended Sardinia
7925:
7708:
6485:
6009:
5982:
5821:
5762:
5742:
4188:
4068:
3957:
3879:
3875:
3859:
3855:
3808:
1845:
1608:
1510:
1415:
Genoese Crusaders brought home a green glass goblet from the
1219:
1036:
966:
From the 11th century to 1528 it was officially known as the
922:
836:
793:
218:
169:
4105:, late 11th century or early 12th century Genoese politician
2077:
and French citizens to overthrow the government of the Doge
1556:
tried to gain control of the commerce and administration of
1485:, who wanted to restore the Byzantine Empire by recapturing
1173:
The republic was one of the so-called "Maritime Republics" (
8433:
7910:
7641:
5977:
4510:
Newton & Compton editori, Roma 1989; Armando Lodolini,
3936:
3890:
3747:
1561:
1517:
became commercial stations of Genoa as well as the city of
1155:
929:
in the 11th century and ended when it was conquered by the
5403:
4045:
Monaco was sold to the Grimaldi family in the 15th century
3710:
Other influential families of the Republic of Genoa were:
2056:
in its weakened state. After driving out the Genoese, the
1905:, for instance, raised and led an army that fought in the
1312:
acted as support units against the defenders of the city.
819:
throughout the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, including
4548:
1466:. As a result, Venetian support of the newly established
815:
Throughout its history, the Genoese Republic established
3827:. (It lost the majority of them during the campaigns of
7562:
4733:
4508:
Le Repubbliche Marinare: Amalfi, Pisa, Genova, Venezia.
1855:
The opening for the Genoese banking consortium was the
1800:. In the next 50 years, other palazzi were designed by
9903:
States and territories established in the 11th century
3678:
De Mari, Invrea and Negrone families: four doges each.
3619:(ten doges elected) families who fought the position.
3142:
847:, with highly developed banks and trading companies.
4632:
4399:. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 14.
2068:
The end of the Republic and its brief revival of 1814
5940:
5357:. Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf Canada. pp. 91–105.
5290:(in Italian). Libreria Editrice Moderna. p. 77.
5010:"15. Casa de los Genoveses - Patronato Panamá Viejo"
4642:. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 537–538].
1741:
Map showing the political divisions of Italy in 1499
1400:
take that city, for which it also received a third.
146:
for 'Republic that recognizes no superior')
8192:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
3555:(historian and himself municipal consul) with the "
1871:From about 1520 the Genoese controlled the Spanish
5275:(in Italian). Nuova Editrice Genovese. p. 15.
5260:(in Italian). Ugo Mursia Editore. pp. 40–120.
4798:
4409:
4590:
4526:A Military History of the Western World, Volume I
4394:
4290:"Una flotta di galee per la repubblica di Genova"
1796:(1512–1572) designed many of the city's splendid
1568:the Genoese fleet, consisting of 93 ships led by
902:. In 1284, Genoa fought victoriously against the
9834:
4170:were also spoken in the colonies of the Republic
4083:. Along these trade routes, Genoa competed with
3590:Doge (elected for terms of two years): 1528–1797
1930:in May 1684 for its support of Spain during the
1693:
7126:
4662:
4454:
4320:"Genova "la Superba": l'origine del soprannome"
4230:"I Genovesi d'Oltremare i primi coloni moderni"
1245:In 1092, Genoa and Pisa, in collaboration with
1210:, and accompanied by troops from Pantaleone of
5327:
4846:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 26.
4771:Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910, Vol. 7, p. 201.
3870:to control the Crimean peninsula. In 1275 the
2118:With the fall of Napoleon, and the subsequent
39:
9873:States and territories disestablished in 1815
9863:States and territories disestablished in 1797
9225:
7693:
7384:
7194:
5926:
5389:
4932:Dispatches of Milanese Ambassadors, 1450–1483
4784:(Alfred A. Knopf Co.: New York, 1982) p. 256.
4474:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 8.
3885:Between 1316 and 1332, Genoa established the
3531:
1804:(1590–1657), designer of centrepieces of the
1118:Before 1100, Genoa emerged as an independent
890:families, from whom the doges were selected.
67:
6329:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
4819:
4523:
3819:fell under the Republic of Genoa. After the
7533:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
4917:Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II),
4379:
4031:(from the 13th century to the 15th century)
1914:as punishment for its alliance with Spain.
941:. The Ligurian Republic was annexed by the
136:
53:
9868:States and territories established in 1814
9858:States and territories established in 1005
9232:
9218:
7700:
7686:
7391:
7377:
7346:Regatta of the Historical Marine Republics
7201:
7187:
5933:
5919:
5396:
5382:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5306:Genealogie delle famiglie nobili di Genova
4930:Vincent Ilardi and Paul M. Kendall, eds.,
4792:
4790:
4738:. Naval Institute Press. pp. 132–34.
4514:, Biblioteca di storia patria, 1967, Roma.
4348:
3831:in the 12th century.) In 1261 the city of
3538:
3524:
1903:Ambrogio Spinola, Marquess of Los Balbases
1588:, which was under Pisan control, became a
1430:
1206:In 1087, Genoese and Pisan fleets, led by
151:
5352:
4639:History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453
4586:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4455:Mallone Di Novi, Cesare Cattaneo (1987).
1974:, who sent 10,000 German infantry of the
1376:In 1147, Genoa took part in the Siege of
9239:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4551:Reconquest and crusade in medieval Spain
4213:The Social Background of the Reformation
4136:Great Council and Minor Council of Genoa
3937:Other territories outside mainland Italy
3782:
3602:
3598:
2145:
1993:
1952:
1886:upon the conquests of the Sultanates of
1814:
1736:
1598:
1523:
1434:
1105:
1047:. In 773 the Kingdom was annexed by the
918:for dominance in the Mediterranean Sea.
6284:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
5312:
5237:
5179:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4805:. New York: Harper & Bros. p.
4787:
3921:, capital of the Byzantine Empire, and
3095:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
2048:Though Genoa retained its lands in the
1978:, after the payment by Genoa of 60,000
14:
9835:
7208:
5222:
4671:. Princeton University Press. p.
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4571:
4517:
4502:
4500:
4414:. Pen and Sword Maritime. p. 112.
4300:from the original on 16 September 2021
4270:from the original on 16 September 2021
3772:
1074:In the year 958, a diploma granted by
1018:('the Republic of the Magnificents').
831:from 1266 to 1475, and the islands of
763:
138:Respublica superiorem non recognoscens
9213:
7681:
7372:
7182:
5914:
5377:
5303:
5299:
5297:
5255:
5251:
5249:
4860:from the original on 11 February 2020
4796:
4762:(Cambridge University Press) 1963:68.
4720:
4542:
4240:from the original on 23 February 2020
4210:
3246:1946 Italian institutional referendum
3186:Spanish American wars of independence
1636:rule. The revolt became known as the
1419:, which Genoese long regarded as the
1222:, attacked the North African city of
27:Italian maritime republic (1099–1797)
9848:11th-century establishments in Italy
8238:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
5332:. Bibliobazaar LLC. pp. 51–54.
4839:
4828:
4820:Durant, Will; Durant, Ariel (1953).
4656:
4469:
4349:Ruzzenenti, Eleonora (23 May 2018).
4330:from the original on 4 December 2020
4224:
4222:
3823:in 1098 Genoa gained settlements in
2052:, it was unable to keep its hold on
1477:, the Republic of Genoa allied with
1253:. They also unsuccessfully besieged
662:Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)
9817:
9262:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
7398:
5604:
5288:La Storia Della Republica dI Genova
5285:
5270:
4945:"Andrea Doria | Genovese statesman"
4801:The Renaissance and the Reformation
4613:
4497:
3015:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
1912:heavily bombarded by a French fleet
1268:Genoa started expanding during the
1126:during this period. Nominally, the
24:
9354:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
7707:
5900:Genoese Baroque and Rococo artists
5294:
5246:
4436:from the original on 16 April 2022
3811:and the surrounding areas. As the
2150:The Palace of the Doges view from
1924:lifted with the aid of the Spanish
1810:Genoese Baroque and Rococo artists
1473:In order to regain control of the
1014:('the Dominant of the Seas'), and
862:("the Dominant of the Seas"), and
784:) was a medieval and early modern
25:
9944:
9784:Historiography in the Middle Ages
7093:United Provinces of Central Italy
5258:Storia della Repubblica di Genova
5204:from the original on 24 June 2021
5161:from the original on 21 June 2021
5131:from the original on 24 June 2021
4219:
4090:
3901:. In 1355, the Byzantine Emperor
3791:had annexed Genoa, but ceded the
3734:: lords of numerous lands in the
1458:played a significant role in the
914:, and it was an eternal rival of
606:650,000 in the early 17th century
9816:
9807:
9806:
9796:
9194:
9193:
9182:
7472:
7325:
7313:
7301:
7289:
7275:
7259:
7246:
7233:
7221:
5942:List of historic states of Italy
5439:
5404:
4955:from the original on 17 May 2016
4758:H. Hearder and D.P. Waley, eds,
4734:William Ledyard Rodgers (1967).
4555:University of Pennsylvania Press
4361:from the original on 12 May 2021
3507:
3035:Discourses Concerning Government
1628:. In 1283 the population of the
1398:Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona
733:
719:
701:
683:
654:
116:
102:
9908:1797 disestablishments in Italy
9282:Christianity in the Middle Ages
9277:Decline of Hellenistic religion
8923:Orders, decorations, and medals
7075:Provisional Government of Milan
5485:Great Council and Minor Council
5346:
5279:
5264:
5231:
5216:
5173:
5151:"Storia Veridica Della Corsica"
5143:
5111:
5098:
5077:
5056:
5044:
5032:
5002:
4989:
4980:
4967:
4937:
4924:
4911:
4898:
4872:
4813:
4774:
4765:
4752:
4707:
4689:
4593:Genoa and the Genoese, 958–1528
4488:
4463:
4459:(in Italian). pp. 184–193.
4448:
4418:
4403:
4397:Genoa and the Genoese, 958–1528
4388:
4296:(in Italian). 7 February 2017.
4004:north west of Tunisia 1540–1742
3963:Southern Crimea possessions of
3842:In 1255, Genoa established the
3301:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
1942:colony, the island fortress of
1382:Alfonso VII of León and Castile
788:from the years 1099 to 1797 in
9560:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
7604:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
7491:Latin Empire of Constantinople
6274:City of Fiume and its District
5240:War of the Austrian Succession
5227:. Routledge. pp. 317–318.
4549:Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2004).
4528:. Da Capo Press. p. 408.
4373:
4342:
4312:
4282:
4252:
4204:
4173:
4153:
3236:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
3216:German Revolution of 1918–1919
2027:War of the Austrian Succession
2000:War of the Austrian Succession
1852:(1566), struck a severe blow.
1544:, where the Genoese colony of
1319:, who became the ruler of the
1247:Alfonso VI of León and Castile
1053:praefectus civitatis Genuensis
958:on the Greek island of Chios.
13:
1:
9734:Disability in the Middle Ages
9407:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
9339:Rise of the Venetian Republic
7538:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
6709:County of Apulia and Calabria
6215:Campagna e Marittima Province
4840:Kirk, Thomas Allison (2005).
4470:Kirk, Thomas Allison (2005).
4141:
3989:(1100–late 13th century) and
3587:(elected for life): 1339–1528
2141:
1880:Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera
1694:Golden age of Genoese bankers
1334:Genoa later allied with King
1026:
972:Serenìscima Repùbrica de Zêna
872:Serenìscima Repùbrica de Zêna
9883:History of the Mediterranean
5014:www.patronatopanamaviejo.org
4198:
4027:, all cities in present-day
3486:Republic without republicans
3231:11 September 1922 Revolution
3226:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
1998:Genoese soldiers during the
1989:War of the Polish Succession
1878:In the meantime in 1635 Don
1257:with support from troops of
1061:thoroughly sacked and burned
765:[ɾeˈpybɾikadeˈzeːna]
494:• Establishment of the
468:• Participation in the
7:
8963:Water supply and sanitation
8387:Italian geographical region
8255:Monarchy and the World Wars
8197:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
8083:War of the Sicilian Vespers
7736:Timeline of Italian history
7586:State of the Teutonic Order
7459:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
7111:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
7105:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
7057:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
6235:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
4919:The Commentaries of Pius II
4698:Journal of Medieval History
4410:Charles D. Stanton (2015).
4109:
3221:Turkish War of Independence
3143:
2084:The direct intervention of
1734:, which existed until 2022
1230:. The attack, supported by
1166:with a fleet of 125 ships.
1016:la Repubblica dei magnifici
978:Republic of Genoa) or also
968:Compagna Communis Ianuensis
910:for the dominance over the
868:Compagna Communis Ianuensis
864:la Repubblica dei magnifici
10:
9949:
9535:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
8882:Inventions and discoveries
8292:Fall of the Fascist regime
8275:Fourth War of Independence
8233:Expedition of the Thousand
8223:Second War of Independence
7051:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
7045:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
6446:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
6416:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
6401:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
5895:Genoese School of painting
5650:Main aristocratic families
5511:Maona of Chios and Phocaea
4999:(Cambridge, 1941), Part I.
4973:Felipe Fernández-Armesto.
4591:Steven A. Epstein (2002).
4395:Steven A. Epstein (2002).
4131:Gazaria (Genoese colonies)
4049:
4038:ceded to France after the
3839:became Genoese territory.
3776:
3721:, and produced two Popes:
3615:(seven doges elected) and
3276:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
3025:The Commonwealth of Oceana
1917:
1659:, which culminated in its
1069:Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi
1021:
886:ruled by a small group of
573:• Republic's revival
400:Consiglio della Repubblica
9792:
9721:
9580:
9475:
9462:Mongol invasion of Europe
9367:
9247:
9178:
8976:
8822:
8813:
8677:
8668:
8656:Security and intelligence
8529:
8520:
8382:
8373:
8316:
8243:Third War of Independence
8218:First War of Independence
8205:
8098:
8007:
7888:
7825:
7744:
7728:
7719:
7650:
7571:
7481:
7470:
7415:
7406:
7341:
7284:
7273:
7216:
7163:Free Territory of Trieste
7023:
6953:
6892:
6875:
6799:
6736:
6699:
6681:Principality of Benevento
6673:
6650:
6595:
6584:
6526:
6496:
6248:
6198:
6152:
6083:
6070:
6033:
5948:
5877:
5735:
5649:
5534:
5493:
5448:
5437:
5418:
5180:Pomponi, Francis (1972).
5104:Alberti Russell, Janice.
4986:Braudel 1984, p. 157
4822:The Story of Civilization
4412:Medieval Maritime Warfare
4211:Smith, Preserved (1920).
3956:possessions, centered at
3449:The Emperor's New Clothes
3201:5 October 1910 revolution
3196:French Revolution of 1848
2219:Liberty as non-domination
1966:in full harmony with the
1926:, the French would later
1582:Ugolino della Gherardesca
633:
610:
600:
595:
591:
581:
571:
558:
544:
533:• Foundation of the
531:
518:
505:
492:
479:
466:
456:
452:
431:
419:
407:
395:
391:
378:
363:
359:
349:
345:
332:
317:
313:
303:
299:
284:
269:
265:
255:
242:
232:
206:
162:
150:
132:
98:
84:
34:
9888:History of the Black Sea
8334:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
8329:Institutional referendum
7523:Duchy of the Archipelago
7351:Coat of Arms of the Navy
7069:Italian United Provinces
6421:Principality of Piombino
6210:Patrimony of Saint Peter
5353:Kurlansky, Mark (2002).
5223:Hanlon, Gregory (1997).
5094:Encyclopædia Britannica.
5074:, World History at KMLA.
4797:Lucas, Henry S. (1960).
4760:A Short History of Italy
4663:Robert H. Bates (1998).
4146:
3553:Caffaro Di Caschifellone
3291:1987 Fijian coups d'état
3251:1952 Egyptian revolution
2229:Political representation
2050:Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle
1479:Michael VIII Palaiologos
925:became a self-governing
921:The republic began when
9853:2nd millennium in Italy
9417:Investiture Controversy
9387:Second Bulgarian Empire
8857:Emigration and diaspora
8066:Guelphs and Ghibellines
8051:the Sardinian Judicates
7503:Kingdom of Thessalonica
7437:Principality of Antioch
7409:List of Crusader states
7157:Italian Social Republic
6832:Principality of Taranto
6724:Principality of Taranto
6686:Principality of Salerno
6441:Bishopric of Tarantasia
6264:Bishopric of Bressanone
6181:Duchy of the Pentapolis
5814:(commercial suburbs of
5328:William Miller (2009).
5242:. Griffin. p. 205.
5198:10.3406/anami.1972.5574
4949:Encyclopædia Britannica
4512:Le repubbliche del mare
3893:(present-day Azov) and
3874:granted the islands of
3271:1969 Libyan coup d'état
3055:Discourse on Inequality
2204:Consent of the governed
1836:(now Via Garibaldi) or
1765:family allied with the
1730:, founded in 1483 as a
1530:Codex Latinus Parisinus
1431:13th and 14th centuries
1367:Principality of Antioch
1321:Principality of Antioch
1101:
998:). It was nicknamed by
995:
961:
760:
520:• Creation of the
370:Manegoldo del Tettuccio
207:Official languages
40:
9774:Post-classical history
9530:Fall of Constantinople
9437:Capet–Plantagenet feud
9304:First Bulgarian Empire
8739:Science and technology
8687:Italian regions by GDP
8488:Marine protected areas
8160:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
7625:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
7528:Triarchy of Negroponte
7508:Principality of Achaea
7496:Duchy of Philippopolis
7063:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6837:Terra Sancti Benedicti
6741:(from the 9th century)
6451:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4382:Historia Langobardorum
3804:
3651:Centurione: six doges.
3608:
2155:
2079:Giacomo Maria Brignole
2002:
1958:
1820:
1742:
1616:
1533:
1491:treaty of the alliance
1451:
1336:Baldwin I of Jerusalem
1325:Saint John the Baptist
1234:, became known as the
1138:" annually elected by
1115:
1031:After the fall of the
1010:('The Dominant one'),
987:
937:and replaced with the
858:("The Dominant One"),
781:
773:
583:• Disestablished
291:Giacomo Maria Brignole
137:
68:
54:
8938:Public administration
8046:the Holy Roman Empire
7615:Bishopric of Courland
7610:Archbishopric of Riga
7081:Republic of San Marco
6863:Crown Colony of Malta
6691:Principality of Capua
6431:Marquisate of Saluzzo
6294:County of Santa Fiora
5956:Etruscan civilization
5567:Giovanni Andrea Doria
5355:Salt: A World History
4780:John Julius Norwich,
4634:Alexander A. Vasiliev
4524:J. F. Fuller (1987).
4351:"Genova, the Superba"
4294:Galata Museo del Mare
3943:Giudicato of Logudoro
3786:
3669:Brignole: four doges.
3606:
3599:Aristocratic families
3439:Criticism of monarchy
3261:North Yemen civil war
3075:The Federalist Papers
2370:Federal parliamentary
2149:
1997:
1956:
1818:
1740:
1652:and Sassanian silks.
1632:revolted against the
1602:
1527:
1438:
1242:of 1096–1099 by sea.
1226:, the capital of the
1130:was overlord and the
1122:, one of a number of
1109:
1012:la Dominante dei mari
988:Res Publica Ianuensis
970:and from 1580 as the
931:French First Republic
870:and from 1580 as the
860:la Dominante dei mari
782:Res Publica Ianuensis
55:Res Publica Ianuensis
9754:Medieval reenactment
9550:Renaissance Humanism
9457:Medieval Warm Period
9427:Republic of Florence
9241:European Middle Ages
9166:World Heritage Sites
8621:Council of Ministers
8359:Coronavirus pandemic
7757:Currency and coinage
7425:Kingdom of Jerusalem
6877:French Revolutionary
6817:State of the Presidi
6541:Republic of Florence
6513:Domini di Terraferma
6163:Exarchate of Ravenna
6061:Western Roman Empire
6005:Nuragic civilization
5890:Archdiocese of Genoa
5557:Benedetto I Zaccaria
5516:Bank of Saint George
5308:(in Italian). Forni.
5020:on 11 September 2017
4234:www.giustiniani.info
4097:Christopher Columbus
3795:to France after the
3666:Gentile: five doges.
3551:the 11th century by
3424:Classical radicalism
3166:Republic of Florence
3105:Democracy in America
2264:Separation of powers
2239:Public participation
2062:Treaty of Versailles
1724:Bank of Saint George
1684:Charles VI of France
1678:, the Doge of Genoa
1676:former Duke of Milan
1574:Benedetto I Zaccaria
1489:. In March 1261 the
1410:Venetian slave trade
1249:attacked the Muslim
1176:Repubbliche Marinare
1076:Berengar II of Italy
1033:Western Roman Empire
980:Repubblica di Genova
854:("the Superb One"),
792:on the northwestern
774:Repubblica di Genova
550:'s new constitution
535:Bank of Saint George
421:• Lower chamber
409:• Upper chamber
384:Filippo della Torre
324:Guglielmo Boccanegra
191:44.40750°N 8.93333°E
69:Repubblica di Genova
9918:Italian city-states
9893:Italian Renaissance
9467:Kingdom of Portugal
9334:Old Church Slavonic
9319:Anglo-Saxon England
8697:Automotive industry
8636:Metropolitan cities
8182:Early Modern period
8155:Kingdom of Sardinia
8106:Italian city-states
7620:Bishopric of Dorpat
7551:Knights Hospitaller
7151:Free State of Fiume
7099:Kingdom of Sardinia
6842:Neapolitan Republic
6790:Kingdom of Sardinia
6785:Republic of Sassari
6613:Catepanate of Italy
6536:Republic of Cospaia
6359:Duchy of Montferrat
6354:March of Montferrat
6289:County of Guastalla
6189:Exarchate of Africa
5783:Lordship of Phocaea
5591:Genoese crossbowmen
5494:Economy and Finance
5468:Capitano del popolo
5458:(11th century–1191)
5304:Battilana, Natale.
5286:Donaver, Federico.
5271:Donaver, Federico.
5238:S. Browning, Reed.
4995:Philip P. Argenti,
4713:Steven A. Epstein,
4667:Analytic Narratives
4126:Genoese crossbowmen
3967:1266–1475 (lost to
3927:Empire of Trebizond
3868:Genoese–Mongol Wars
3789:Kingdom of Sardinia
3773:Genoese possessions
3687:Sauli: three doges.
3579:Capitano del popolo
3569:: 11th century–1191
3514:Politics portal
3319:Antigua and Barbuda
3266:Zanzibar Revolution
3176:American Revolution
3065:The Social Contract
2234:Popular sovereignty
2132:Kingdom of Sardinia
2124:Repubblica genovese
2043:laid siege to Genoa
2015:Kingdom of Sardinia
2007:Convention of Turin
1932:War of the Reunions
1901:The Genoese banker
1842:venture capitalists
1806:University of Genoa
1747:Alfonso V of Aragon
1688:difensor del comune
1640:. As a result, the
1594:"free municipality"
1406:Genoese slave trade
1346:, and one-third of
1329:commercial treaties
1317:Bohemond of Taranto
1306:Genoese crossbowmen
1274:Hugh of Châteauneuf
1124:Italian city-states
947:Kingdom of Sardinia
943:First French Empire
850:Genoa was known as
841:early modern period
823:from 1347 to 1768,
715:Kingdom of Sardinia
483:Treaty of Nymphaeum
458:• Established
444:Early modern period
305:Capitano del popolo
187: /
91:Apr. 1814–Jan. 1815
9878:Maritime republics
9648:In popular culture
9613:Crusading movement
9485:Hundred Years' War
9344:Civitas Schinesghe
9329:Carolingian Empire
9314:Kingdom of Croatia
9267:Barbarian kingdoms
8759:Telecommunications
8126:Maritime republics
7660:Crusading movement
7556:Hospitaller Rhodes
7518:Duchy of Neopatras
7333:Republic of Ragusa
7308:Republic of Ancona
7267:Republic of Venice
7210:Maritime republics
6981:Lucca and Piombino
6858:Malta Protectorate
6822:Duke of San Donato
6576:Republic of Ancona
6498:Republic of Venice
6411:Duchy of Mirandola
6299:Duchy of Guastalla
6137:Duchy of Tridentum
6117:Duchy of Benevento
6084:Barbarian kingdoms
5773:Lordship of Lesbos
5426:Maritime republics
5089:2014-10-08 at the
5070:2013-09-17 at the
4886:. 28 November 2022
4599:. pp. 28–32.
3903:John V Palaiologos
3805:
3626:", in particular:
3609:
3480:Primus inter pares
3296:Nepalese Civil War
3286:Iranian Revolution
3256:14 July Revolution
3211:Russian Revolution
3206:Chinese Revolution
3156:Republic of Venice
3005:Discourses on Livy
2156:
2134:, governed by the
2120:Congress of Vienna
2009:of 1742, in which
2003:
1959:
1821:
1743:
1661:defeat at Chioggia
1617:
1578:Albertino Morosini
1534:
1456:Republic of Venice
1452:
1386:Otto de Bonvillano
1310:Guglielmo Embriaco
1302:siege of Jerusalem
1278:Bishop of Grenoble
1152:Mujahid al-Siqlabi
1128:Holy Roman Emperor
1116:
1092:Compagna Communis.
1084:trade associations
796:coast. During the
18:Republic of Genova
9843:Republic of Genoa
9830:
9829:
9739:Basic topics list
9540:Swiss mercenaries
9490:Wars of the Roses
9397:Kingdom of Poland
9382:Holy Roman Empire
9249:Early Middle Ages
9207:
9206:
9174:
9173:
8809:
8808:
8744:Southern question
8664:
8663:
8596:Political parties
8544:Foreign relations
8516:
8515:
8369:
8368:
8090:Kingdom of Naples
8078:Kingdom of Sicily
7675:
7674:
7642:Free City of Riga
7464:Kingdom of Cyprus
7454:County of Tripoli
7366:
7365:
7241:Republic of Genoa
7176:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7019:
7018:
6986:Massa and Carrara
6871:
6870:
6848:Hospitaller Malta
6807:Kingdom of Naples
6801:Kingdom of Sicily
6732:
6731:
6642:Duchy of Sorrento
6561:Republic of Genoa
6556:Republic of Siena
6551:Republic of Massa
6546:Republic of Lucca
6279:County of Gorizia
6269:Corsican Republic
6250:Holy Roman Empire
5908:
5907:
5852:Northern Sardinia
5767:Lordship of Chios
5645:
5644:
5411:Republic of Genoa
5339:978-1-110-86390-7
5256:Benvenuti, Gino.
4782:History of Venice
4380:Paul the Deacon.
3925:, capital of the
3557:Annales ianuenses
3548:
3547:
3491:Republican empire
3464:List of republics
3313:National variants
3241:Spanish Civil War
3181:French Revolution
3161:Republic of Genoa
3045:The Spirit of Law
2978:Theoretical works
2322:Neo-republicanism
2094:Ligurian Republic
2090:Campaigns of 1796
2058:Corsican Republic
2039:Kingdom of Naples
2031:Kingdom of France
1907:Eighty Years' War
1802:Bartolomeo Bianco
1767:Emperor Charles V
1701:Visconti of Milan
1680:Antoniotto Adorno
1630:Kingdom of Sicily
1566:Battle of Meloria
1509:. The islands of
1396:and helped Count
1340:Lordship of Arsuf
1251:Taifa of Valencia
1228:Fatimid Caliphate
996:Repúbrica de Zêna
939:Ligurian Republic
908:Battle of Meloria
817:numerous colonies
800:, it was a major
786:maritime republic
761:Repúbrica de Zêna
753:Republic of Genoa
749:
748:
745:
744:
741:
740:
697:Ligurian Republic
667:
666:
509:Battle of Meloria
380:• 1256–1256
365:• 1191–1191
338:Galeotto Spinola
334:• 1335–1339
319:• 1257–1262
286:• 1795–1797
276:Simone Boccanegra
271:• 1339–1345
250:merchant republic
237:Roman Catholicism
196:44.40750; 8.93333
41:Repúbrica de Zêna
36:Republic of Genoa
16:(Redirected from
9940:
9933:Former countries
9913:Christian states
9898:Former republics
9820:
9819:
9810:
9809:
9800:
9759:Medieval studies
9603:Church and State
9477:Late Middle Ages
9369:High Middle Ages
9287:Christianization
9257:Migration Period
9234:
9227:
9220:
9211:
9210:
9197:
9196:
9189:Italy portal
9186:
9185:
9126:National symbols
8820:
8819:
8675:
8674:
8527:
8526:
8380:
8379:
8260:Kingdom of Italy
8187:Napoleonic Italy
7726:
7725:
7702:
7695:
7688:
7679:
7678:
7635:Order of Dobrzyń
7563:Genoese colonies
7476:
7442:County of Edessa
7393:
7386:
7379:
7370:
7369:
7359:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7320:Republic of Noli
7318:
7317:
7316:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7294:
7293:
7292:
7279:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7254:Republic of Pisa
7252:
7250:
7249:
7239:
7237:
7236:
7226:
7225:
7224:
7203:
7196:
7189:
7180:
7179:
7137:Kingdom of Italy
7124:
7123:
6890:
6889:
6719:County of Sicily
6714:County of Aversa
6637:Byzantine Sicily
6623:Theme of Lucania
6593:
6592:
6571:Republic of Pisa
6566:Republic of Noli
6436:Duchy of Spoleto
6406:Duchy of Merania
6304:Kingdom of Italy
6230:Duchy of Ferrara
6175:Duchy of Perugia
6154:Byzantine Empire
6132:Duchy of Spoleto
6099:Ostrogothic rule
6081:
6080:
5949:Pre-Roman period
5935:
5928:
5921:
5912:
5911:
5753:Genoese colonies
5602:
5601:
5443:
5412:
5408:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5368:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5330:The Latin Orient
5325:
5310:
5309:
5301:
5292:
5291:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5273:Storia di Genova
5268:
5262:
5261:
5253:
5244:
5243:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5220:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5192:(107): 151–181.
5177:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5123:
5115:
5109:
5102:
5096:
5081:
5075:
5060:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5016:. Archived from
5006:
5000:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4978:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4941:
4935:
4928:
4922:
4915:
4909:
4904:Vincent Ilardi,
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4837:
4826:
4825:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4804:
4794:
4785:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4763:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4731:
4718:
4711:
4705:
4704:1 (1997): 29–53.
4693:
4687:
4686:
4670:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4630:
4611:
4610:
4588:
4569:
4568:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4521:
4515:
4504:
4495:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4208:
4192:
4181:Eastern Orthodox
4177:
4171:
4157:
4121:Genoese colonies
4103:Ingo della Volta
3872:Byzantine Empire
3801:Kingdom of Italy
3779:Genoese colonies
3762:Lords of Gibelet
3723:Pope Innocent IV
3540:
3533:
3526:
3512:
3511:
3496:Republican Party
3474:Peasant republic
3434:Communitarianism
3151:Classical Athens
3146:
3120:
3110:
3100:
3090:
3080:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3020:
3010:
3000:
2990:
2224:Mixed government
2158:
2157:
2152:Piazza Matteotti
2023:House of Bourbon
2013:allied with the
1934:. In-between, a
1928:bombard the city
1857:state bankruptcy
1792:. The architect
1761:of the powerful
1638:Sicilian Vespers
1605:Genoese fortress
1550:Byzantine Empire
1501:Constantinople.
1394:Siege of Tortosa
1371:Cilician Armenia
1359:Byzantine Empire
1298:siege of Antioch
1286:Bishop of Orange
1140:popular assembly
1112:Siege of Antioch
904:Republic of Pisa
802:commercial power
798:Late Middle Ages
767:
737:
736:
723:
722:
705:
704:
687:
686:
671:
670:
658:
657:
651:
650:
635:
634:
387:
374:
341:
328:
295:
280:
202:
201:
199:
198:
197:
192:
188:
185:
184:
183:
180:
165:and largest city
155:
140:
120:
106:
79:
71:
65:
57:
51:
43:
32:
31:
21:
9948:
9947:
9943:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9938:
9937:
9923:Medieval Crimea
9833:
9832:
9831:
9826:
9788:
9769:Neo-medievalism
9717:
9653:Itinerant court
9576:
9471:
9392:Georgian Empire
9377:Norman Conquest
9363:
9309:Frankish Empire
9243:
9238:
9208:
9203:
9183:
9170:
9141:Public holidays
8972:
8918:Life expectancy
8805:
8660:
8576:Law enforcement
8512:
8365:
8312:
8301:Social Republic
8265:Colonial Empire
8248:Capture of Rome
8201:
8094:
8003:
7896:Ancient peoples
7884:
7821:
7782:Historic states
7740:
7715:
7706:
7676:
7671:
7655:Military orders
7646:
7575:
7567:
7513:Duchy of Athens
7477:
7468:
7411:
7402:
7400:Crusader states
7397:
7367:
7362:
7353:
7337:
7326:
7324:
7314:
7312:
7302:
7300:
7290:
7288:
7280:
7271:
7260:
7258:
7247:
7245:
7234:
7232:
7228:Duchy of Amalfi
7222:
7220:
7212:
7207:
7177:
7168:
7122:
7025:
7024:Post-Napoleonic
7015:
6949:
6885:
6879:
6867:
6809:
6805:
6804:(1130–1816) and
6803:
6795:
6740:
6728:
6695:
6669:
6660:Emirate of Bari
6646:
6633:Theme of Sicily
6628:Duchy of Naples
6603:Duchy of Amalfi
6588:
6580:
6528:
6527:Other Republics
6522:
6500:
6492:
6486:County of Tenda
6466:County of Savoy
6426:Duchy of Reggio
6396:Duchy of Mantua
6324:March of Friuli
6256:
6254:
6252:
6244:
6240:Duchy of Urbino
6225:Duchy of Castro
6202:
6194:
6148:
6142:Duchy of Tuscia
6122:Duchy of Friuli
6085:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6066:
6045:(753 BC–509 BC)
6029:
5944:
5939:
5909:
5904:
5873:
5731:
5641:
5600:
5552:Biagio Assereto
5530:
5489:
5444:
5435:
5431:Relief of Genoa
5414:
5410:
5402:
5372:
5365:
5351:
5347:
5340:
5326:
5313:
5302:
5295:
5284:
5280:
5269:
5265:
5254:
5247:
5236:
5232:
5221:
5217:
5207:
5205:
5186:Annales du Midi
5178:
5174:
5164:
5162:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5103:
5099:
5091:Wayback Machine
5082:
5078:
5072:Wayback Machine
5061:
5057:
5049:
5045:
5037:
5033:
5023:
5021:
5008:
5007:
5003:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4981:
4972:
4968:
4958:
4956:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4929:
4925:
4916:
4912:
4903:
4899:
4889:
4887:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4863:
4861:
4854:
4838:
4829:
4818:
4814:
4795:
4788:
4779:
4775:
4770:
4766:
4757:
4753:
4746:
4732:
4721:
4712:
4708:
4694:
4690:
4683:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4631:
4614:
4607:
4589:
4572:
4565:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4522:
4518:
4505:
4498:
4493:
4489:
4482:
4468:
4464:
4453:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4430:www.rm.unina.it
4424:
4423:
4419:
4408:
4404:
4393:
4389:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4331:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4301:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4266:. 5 July 2018.
4258:
4257:
4253:
4243:
4241:
4228:
4227:
4220:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4178:
4174:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4112:
4093:
4075:cities such as
4052:
4040:Treaty of Turin
3939:
3797:Treaty of Turin
3781:
3775:
3766:Crusader states
3639:: eleven doges.
3633:: eleven doges.
3601:
3544:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3419:
3411:
3410:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3191:Trienio Liberal
3132:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3108:
3098:
3088:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2988:
2979:
2971:
2970:
2706:Flynn (Stephen)
2591:
2583:
2582:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2274:Social equality
2269:Social contract
2259:Self-governance
2214:Democratization
2189:Anti-corruption
2184:Anti-monarchism
2179:
2163:Politics series
2144:
2070:
2019:Treaty of Worms
1920:
1829:Fernand Braudel
1825:counting houses
1794:Galeazzo Alessi
1775:chattel slavery
1755:House of Sforza
1696:
1672:Duke of Orléans
1657:war with Venice
1592:or self-styled
1433:
1425:the slave trade
1342:, one-third of
1236:Mahdia campaign
1232:Pope Victor III
1132:Bishop of Genoa
1104:
1049:Frankish Empire
1043:under the King
1041:Lombard Kingdom
1029:
1024:
964:
956:Castle of Chios
951:Treaty of Turin
829:Southern Crimea
734:
729:∟Duchy of Genoa
720:
714:
702:
696:
684:
678:
655:
629:
603:
602:• Estimate
584:
574:
564:
551:
537:
524:
511:
498:
485:
472:
459:
448:
422:
410:
402:
385:
381:
372:
366:
339:
335:
326:
320:
293:
287:
278:
272:
228:
195:
193:
189:
186:
181:
178:
176:
174:
173:
172:
166:
158:
141:
128:
127:
126:
121:
113:
112:
107:
94:
80:
73:
66:
59:
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9946:
9936:
9935:
9930:
9928:Italian states
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9824:
9814:
9804:
9793:
9790:
9789:
9787:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9764:Misconceptions
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9725:
9723:
9719:
9718:
9716:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9584:
9582:
9578:
9577:
9575:
9574:
9572:Little Ice Age
9569:
9568:
9567:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9525:Western Schism
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9481:
9479:
9473:
9472:
9470:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9373:
9371:
9365:
9364:
9362:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9290:
9289:
9279:
9274:
9272:Late antiquity
9269:
9264:
9259:
9253:
9251:
9245:
9244:
9237:
9236:
9229:
9222:
9214:
9205:
9204:
9202:
9201:
9191:
9179:
9176:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9169:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8982:
8980:
8974:
8973:
8971:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8912:
8911:
8896:
8895:
8894:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8823:
8817:
8811:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8804:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8792:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8749:Stock exchange
8746:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8678:
8672:
8666:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8658:
8653:
8651:Municipalities
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8611:Prime Minister
8608:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8562:
8561:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8530:
8524:
8518:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8498:Regional parks
8495:
8493:National parks
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8454:
8453:
8443:
8442:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8405:
8404:
8402:Climate change
8394:
8389:
8383:
8377:
8371:
8370:
8367:
8366:
8364:
8363:
8362:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8320:
8318:
8314:
8313:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8303:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8267:
8262:
8252:
8251:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8209:
8207:
8203:
8202:
8200:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8178:
8177:
8167:
8165:Duchy of Savoy
8162:
8157:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8086:
8085:
8075:
8073:Lombard League
8070:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8011:
8009:
8005:
8004:
8002:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7997:
7995:Western Empire
7987:
7982:
7980:Roman conquest
7977:
7972:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7934:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7901:Italic peoples
7892:
7890:
7886:
7885:
7883:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7829:
7827:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7732:
7730:
7723:
7717:
7716:
7705:
7704:
7697:
7690:
7682:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7667:
7657:
7651:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7601:
7600:
7599:
7597:Livonian Order
7594:
7592:Teutonic Order
7582:
7580:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7548:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7499:
7498:
7487:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7471:
7469:
7467:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7450:
7449:
7439:
7434:
7433:
7432:
7421:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7396:
7395:
7388:
7381:
7373:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7348:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7322:
7310:
7298:
7296:Duchy of Gaeta
7285:
7282:
7281:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7256:
7243:
7230:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7206:
7205:
7198:
7191:
7183:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7160:
7154:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7143:Italian Empire
7133:
7131:
7121:
7120:
7114:
7108:
7102:
7096:
7090:
7087:Roman Republic
7084:
7078:
7072:
7066:
7060:
7054:
7048:
7042:
7039:Duchy of Lucca
7036:
7033:Duchy of Genoa
7029:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6896:
6894:
6887:
6873:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6813:
6811:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6744:
6742:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6705:
6703:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6656:
6654:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6608:Duchy of Gaeta
6605:
6599:
6597:
6590:
6586:Southern Italy
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6532:
6530:
6529:(c. 1000–1797)
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6504:
6502:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6481:County of Nice
6478:
6476:Duchy of Aosta
6473:
6468:
6463:
6456:Savoyard state
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6391:Duchy of Milan
6388:
6386:Duchy of Ivrea
6383:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6260:
6258:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6178:
6172:
6159:
6157:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6127:Duchy of Ivrea
6124:
6119:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6093:Odoacer's rule
6089:
6087:
6078:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6058:
6057:(27 BC–395 AD)
6052:
6051:(509 BC–27 BC)
6049:Roman Republic
6046:
6039:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5988:Cisalpine Gaul
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5938:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5915:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5816:Constantinople
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5760:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5608:
5606:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5572:Paganino Doria
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5401:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5378:
5371:
5370:
5363:
5345:
5338:
5311:
5293:
5278:
5263:
5245:
5230:
5215:
5172:
5142:
5124:(in Italian).
5110:
5097:
5076:
5055:
5043:
5031:
5001:
4988:
4979:
4966:
4936:
4923:
4910:
4897:
4871:
4852:
4827:
4812:
4786:
4773:
4764:
4751:
4744:
4719:
4706:
4688:
4681:
4655:
4648:
4612:
4605:
4570:
4563:
4557:. p. 35.
4541:
4534:
4516:
4506:G. Benvenuti.
4496:
4487:
4480:
4462:
4447:
4417:
4402:
4387:
4372:
4341:
4326:(in Italian).
4311:
4281:
4251:
4218:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4172:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4092:
4091:Notable people
4089:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4036:County of Nice
4032:
4007:The cities of
4005:
3998:
3985:The cities of
3983:
3976:
3969:Ottoman Empire
3961:
3950:
3938:
3935:
3931:Ottoman Empire
3919:Constantinople
3911:a Genoese lord
3793:County of Nice
3777:Main article:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3755:
3729:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3684:: three doges.
3679:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3645:: eight doges.
3640:
3634:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3444:Egalitarianism
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:Related topics
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3389:United Kingdom
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Dutch Republic
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3139:
3137:Roman Republic
3133:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3081:
3071:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2991:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:Wollstonecraft
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2143:
2140:
2136:House of Savoy
2069:
2066:
2035:Spanish Empire
1919:
1916:
1873:port of Panama
1850:Ottoman Empire
1808:. A number of
1745:Threatened by
1732:mount of piety
1717:Ottoman Empire
1695:
1692:
1493:was signed in
1487:Constantinople
1464:Constantinople
1460:Fourth Crusade
1432:
1429:
1263:King of Aragon
1259:Sancho Ramírez
1179:), along with
1160:Taifa of Denia
1144:Tyrrhenian Sea
1103:
1100:
1057:merchant fleet
1035:, the city of
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
963:
960:
912:Tyrrhenian Sea
747:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
731:
725:
724:
717:
707:
706:
699:
689:
688:
681:
668:
665:
664:
659:
647:
646:
641:
631:
630:
628:
627:
621:
614:
612:
608:
607:
604:
601:
598:
597:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
578:
575:
572:
569:
568:
565:
562:Disestablished
559:
556:
555:
552:
545:
542:
541:
538:
532:
529:
528:
525:
519:
516:
515:
512:
506:
503:
502:
499:
493:
490:
489:
486:
480:
477:
476:
473:
467:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:
447:
446:
441:
435:
433:
432:Historical era
429:
428:
423:
420:
417:
416:
411:
408:
405:
404:
397:
393:
392:
389:
388:
382:
379:
376:
375:
367:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
347:
346:
343:
342:
336:
333:
330:
329:
321:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
301:
300:
297:
296:
288:
285:
282:
281:
273:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
253:
252:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
227:
226:
221:
216:
210:
208:
204:
203:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
148:
147:
130:
129:
122:
115:
114:
108:
101:
100:
99:
96:
95:
93:
92:
89:
85:
82:
81:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9945:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9840:
9838:
9823:
9815:
9813:
9805:
9803:
9799:
9795:
9794:
9791:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9726:
9724:
9720:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9585:
9583:
9579:
9573:
9570:
9566:
9563:
9562:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9482:
9480:
9478:
9474:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9432:Scholasticism
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9374:
9372:
9370:
9366:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9294:Rise of Islam
9292:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9250:
9246:
9242:
9235:
9230:
9228:
9223:
9221:
9216:
9215:
9212:
9200:
9192:
9190:
9181:
9180:
9177:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8983:
8981:
8979:
8975:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8900:
8897:
8893:
8890:
8889:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8824:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8812:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8704:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8679:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8667:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8616:
8612:
8609:
8606:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8560:
8557:
8556:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8531:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8519:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8448:
8447:
8444:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8426:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8384:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8372:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8344:Years of Lead
8342:
8340:
8339:Economic Boom
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8315:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8282:Fascist Italy
8280:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8253:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8228:Niçard exodus
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8204:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8176:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8097:
8091:
8088:
8084:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8018:
8017:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8006:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7966:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7948:Magna Graecia
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7887:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7824:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7743:
7737:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7718:
7714:
7710:
7703:
7698:
7696:
7691:
7689:
7684:
7683:
7680:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7649:
7643:
7640:
7636:
7633:
7632:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7475:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7405:
7401:
7394:
7389:
7387:
7382:
7380:
7375:
7374:
7371:
7357:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7334:
7323:
7321:
7311:
7309:
7299:
7297:
7287:
7286:
7283:
7278:
7268:
7257:
7255:
7244:
7242:
7231:
7229:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7211:
7204:
7199:
7197:
7192:
7190:
7185:
7184:
7181:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7125:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7046:
7043:
7040:
7037:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7022:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6952:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6874:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6827:Duchy of Sora
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6808:
6802:
6798:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6666:
6665:Muslim Sicily
6663:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6251:
6247:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6190:
6187:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6170:
6169:Duchy of Rome
6167:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6082:
6079:
6069:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6043:Roman Kingdom
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6015:Magna Graecia
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5936:
5931:
5929:
5924:
5922:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5584:Naval battles
5582:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5480:Doge's Palace
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5399:
5394:
5392:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5366:
5364:0-676-97268-3
5360:
5356:
5349:
5341:
5335:
5331:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5307:
5300:
5298:
5289:
5282:
5274:
5267:
5259:
5252:
5250:
5241:
5234:
5226:
5219:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5176:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5127:
5120:
5114:
5107:
5101:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5080:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5059:
5052:
5047:
5040:
5035:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5005:
4998:
4992:
4983:
4976:
4970:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4933:
4927:
4920:
4914:
4907:
4901:
4885:
4884:Il Secolo XIX
4881:
4875:
4859:
4855:
4853:0-8018-8083-1
4849:
4845:
4844:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4823:
4816:
4808:
4803:
4802:
4793:
4791:
4783:
4777:
4768:
4761:
4755:
4747:
4745:0-87021-487-X
4741:
4737:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4716:
4710:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4692:
4684:
4682:0-691-00129-4
4678:
4674:
4669:
4668:
4659:
4651:
4649:0-299-80926-9
4645:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4608:
4606:0-8078-4992-8
4602:
4598:
4594:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4566:
4564:0-8122-1889-2
4560:
4556:
4552:
4545:
4537:
4535:0-306-80304-6
4531:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4491:
4483:
4481:0-8018-8083-1
4477:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4451:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4413:
4406:
4398:
4391:
4383:
4376:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4345:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4215:. p. 19.
4214:
4207:
4203:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4156:
4152:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:Doge of Genoa
4114:
4113:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3993:(present-day
3992:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3821:First Crusade
3818:
3814:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3727:Pope Adrian V
3724:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3675:: four doges.
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3663:: five doges.
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3605:
3596:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3541:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3406:United States
3404:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Metapolitefsi
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
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3117:
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3115:On Revolution
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3085:Rights of Man
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2594:
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2426:
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2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2395:Revolutionary
2393:
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2388:
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2385:Parliamentary
2383:
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2378:
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2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:Civil society
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:Republicanism
2168:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
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2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:Imperial Army
1973:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:Mediterranean
1937:
1933:
1929:
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1915:
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1764:
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1756:
1752:
1751:John of Anjou
1748:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:. Genoa lost
1702:
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1522:
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1516:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:, emperor of
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1426:
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1407:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1365:(Libya), the
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:First Crusade
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:First Crusade
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1240:First Crusade
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
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1177:
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1157:
1153:
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1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:Fatimid fleet
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
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959:
957:
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948:
944:
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936:
932:
928:
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919:
917:
913:
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905:
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896:
891:
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885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
806:Mediterranean
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
732:
730:
727:
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718:
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709:
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625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
613:
609:
605:
599:
594:
590:
586:
580:
576:
570:
567:June 14, 1797
566:
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543:
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536:
530:
526:
523:
517:
513:
510:
504:
500:
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484:
478:
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471:
470:First Crusade
465:
461:
455:
451:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
434:
430:
427:
426:Minor Council
424:
418:
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414:Great Council
412:
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383:
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97:
90:
87:
86:
83:
77:
70:
63:
56:
49:
42:
33:
30:
19:
9593:Architecture
9565:Great Famine
9555:Universities
9495:Hussite Wars
9412:Great Schism
9406:
9299:Papal States
9026:Architecture
8996:Quattrocento
8953:Social class
8933:Prostitution
8847:Demographics
8769:Trade unions
8712:Central Bank
8554:Human rights
8534:Constitution
8317:Contemporary
8287:World War II
8175:Italian Wars
8135:
8099:Early modern
8041:Papal States
8019:Italy under
7965:Ancient Rome
7630:Dobrzyń Land
7546:Stato da Màr
7240:
7139:(1861–1946)
7117:Papal States
6945:Transpadania
6560:
6518:Stato da Màr
6200:Papal States
6111:Lombard rule
6075:Early Modern
6063:(395–476 AD)
6055:Roman Empire
6035:Ancient Rome
5577:Simone Doria
5562:Andrea Doria
5542:Genoese Navy
5521:Banca Carige
5501:Genoese lira
5409:
5354:
5348:
5329:
5305:
5287:
5281:
5272:
5266:
5257:
5239:
5233:
5224:
5218:
5206:. Retrieved
5189:
5185:
5175:
5163:. Retrieved
5154:
5145:
5133:. Retrieved
5113:
5105:
5100:
5093:
5079:
5063:
5058:
5046:
5034:
5022:. Retrieved
5018:the original
5013:
5004:
4996:
4991:
4982:
4974:
4969:
4957:. Retrieved
4948:
4939:
4931:
4926:
4918:
4913:
4905:
4900:
4888:. Retrieved
4883:
4874:
4862:. Retrieved
4842:
4821:
4815:
4800:
4781:
4776:
4767:
4759:
4754:
4735:
4714:
4709:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4666:
4658:
4638:
4592:
4550:
4544:
4525:
4519:
4511:
4507:
4494:Kirk, p. 188
4490:
4471:
4465:
4456:
4450:
4438:. Retrieved
4429:
4420:
4411:
4405:
4396:
4390:
4381:
4375:
4363:. Retrieved
4354:
4344:
4332:. Retrieved
4323:
4314:
4304:16 September
4302:. Retrieved
4293:
4284:
4274:16 September
4272:. Retrieved
4264:The Guardian
4263:
4254:
4242:. Retrieved
4233:
4212:
4206:
4175:
4155:
4071:, and other
4053:
4034:Part of the
3889:colonies of
3884:
3841:
3806:
3717:: counts of
3709:
3704:Della Rovere
3696:: two doges.
3657:: six doges.
3621:
3610:
3593:
3561:
3549:
3478:
3160:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3073:
3063:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3023:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2983:
2796:Jones (Elin)
2701:Flynn (Paul)
2661:Clarke (Tom)
2656:Clark (Katy)
2601:Adams (John)
2422:Philosophers
2199:Civic virtue
2161:Part of the
2151:
2123:
2117:
2100:départements
2098:
2088:(during the
2083:
2071:
2047:
2004:
1987:the ongoing
1960:
1948:Bey of Tunis
1921:
1900:
1884:of Zamboanga
1877:
1870:
1854:
1837:
1833:
1827:in Seville.
1822:
1779:
1771:
1759:Andrea Doria
1744:
1728:Banca Carige
1721:
1697:
1687:
1669:
1654:
1647:
1618:
1570:Oberto Doria
1535:
1529:
1503:
1472:
1468:Latin Empire
1453:
1440:Galata Tower
1414:
1402:
1375:
1356:
1333:
1314:
1267:
1244:
1208:Hugh of Pisa
1205:
1174:
1172:
1117:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:11th century
1073:
1052:
1030:
1015:
1011:
1008:la Dominante
1007:
1003:
979:
971:
967:
965:
920:
900:Italian Navy
895:Genoese navy
892:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:la Dominante
855:
851:
849:
814:
804:in both the
752:
750:
711:
693:
675:
644:Succeeded by
643:
638:
618:Genoese lira
548:Andrea Doria
403:(since 1528)
134:Motto:
133:
124:Coat of arms
29:
9822:WikiProject
9749:Medievalism
9588:Agriculture
9452:Manorialism
9447:Communalism
9442:Monasticism
9359:Reconquista
9349:Kievan Rus'
9091:Italophilia
9051:Coat of arm
9001:Cinquecento
8877:Immigration
8827:Aristocracy
8692:Agriculture
8586:Nationality
8559:LGBT rights
8473:Earthquakes
8354:Mani pulite
8270:World War I
8213:Unification
8206:Late modern
8170:Renaissance
8015:Middle Ages
8008:Middle Ages
7985:Roman Italy
7752:Citizenship
7354: [
7165:(1947–1954)
7159:(1943–1945)
7153:(1920–1924)
7145:(1882–1960)
7129:unification
7119:(1814–1870)
7113:(1815–1866)
7107:(1816–1861)
7101:(1814–1860)
7095:(1859–1860)
7089:(1849–1850)
7083:(1848–1849)
7065:(1815–1859)
7059:(1814–1859)
7053:(1814–1859)
7047:(1814–1829)
7041:(1815–1847)
7035:(1815–1848)
6925:Parthenopea
6886:(1792–1815)
6844:(1647–1648)
6810:(1282–1816)
6792:(1324–1861)
6753:Agugliastra
6618:Longobardia
6255:independent
6105:Vandal rule
5765:(including
5707:Pallavicini
5526:Slave trade
5476:(1339–1797)
5470:(1257–1339)
5464:(1191–1256)
4890:28 November
4864:30 November
4324:GenovaToday
3973:Kefe Eyalet
3949:) 1259–1325
3945:(island of
3882:to Genoa.
3706:: one doge.
3694:Della Torre
3682:Pallavicini
3581:: 1257–1339
3575:: 1191–1256
3429:Common good
3369:New Zealand
3364:Netherlands
3109:(1835–1840)
3079:(1787–1788)
2989:(c. 375 BC)
2911:Robespierre
2686:Etherington
2621:Benn (Tony)
2590:Politicians
2568:Tocqueville
2528:Montesquieu
2508:Machiavelli
2254:Rule of law
2249:Res publica
1968:Roman Curia
1896:Philippines
1892:Maguindanao
1834:Strada Nova
976:Most Serene
876:Most Serene
639:Preceded by
626:(1252–1415)
620:(1138–1797)
439:Middle Ages
396:Legislature
194: /
9837:Categories
9744:Land terms
9698:Technology
9678:Philosophy
9658:Literature
9623:Demography
9324:Viking Age
9161:Traditions
9151:Television
9136:Philosophy
9101:Literature
9041:Cathedrals
9011:Settecento
8872:Healthcare
8837:Corruption
8832:Censorship
8591:Parliament
8549:Government
8349:Maxi Trial
8297:Resistance
8026:Ostrogoths
7958:Messapians
7843:Villanovan
7833:Prehistory
7826:Prehistory
6996:Pontecorvo
6954:Monarchies
6940:Subalpinia
6905:Cispadania
6900:Cisalpinia
6882:Napoleonic
6589:(774–1139)
6501:(697–1797)
6203:(754–1870)
6165:(584–751)
6113:(568–774)
5687:Boccanegra
5662:Centurione
5449:Government
5155:adecec.net
5064:Genoa 1684
4142:References
3978:Island of
3954:Aegean Sea
3837:Asia Minor
3752:Samothrace
3738:, such as
3736:Aegean Sea
3469:Monarchism
3459:Liberalism
3454:Jacobinism
3144:Gaṇasaṅgha
2999:(54–51 BC)
2483:Harrington
2360:Democratic
2350:Capitalist
2345:Autonomous
2327:Venizelism
2312:Khomeinism
2142:Government
2113:Montenotte
1972:Charles VI
1786:Caravaggio
1507:Aegean Sea
1499:recaptured
1442:(1348) in
1421:Holy Grail
1390:enfeoffing
1380:, helping
1272:. In 1097
1120:city-state
1027:Background
1004:La Superba
852:la Superba
845:capitalism
596:Population
247:Oligarchic
243:Government
182:08°56′00″E
179:44°24′27″N
9729:Dark Ages
9638:Household
9633:Hastilude
9402:Feudalism
9121:Mythology
9096:Libraries
9016:Ottocento
8958:Terrorism
8899:Languages
8852:Education
8774:Transport
8724:Companies
8631:Provinces
8601:President
8566:Judiciary
8539:Elections
8451:Volcanoes
8446:Volcanism
8439:Apennines
8424:Mountains
8392:Peninsula
8375:Geography
8306:Civil War
8031:Byzantium
7938:Etruscans
7873:Canegrate
7868:Golasecca
7853:Rinaldone
7848:Terramare
7838:Neolithic
6971:Guastalla
6961:Benevento
6893:Republics
6748:Judicates
6596:Byzantine
6253:and other
6191:(585–698)
6183:(554–752)
6177:(554–752)
6171:(533–751)
6156:(584–751)
6107:(435–534)
6101:(493–553)
6095:(476–493)
6086:(476–774)
6020:Iapygians
5827:Moncastro
5736:Geography
5717:Gattilusi
5702:Imperiali
5108:. p. 142.
4597:UNC Press
4440:15 August
4199:Citations
4073:Po Valley
4017:Licostomo
3982:1284–1768
3960:1261–1566
3923:Trebizond
3887:Black Sea
3732:Gattilusi
3673:Imperiali
3324:Australia
2956:Venizelos
2946:Spadolini
2936:Slaughter
2881:McDonnell
2846:Mackenzie
2791:Jefferson
2746:Griffiths
2726:de Gaulle
2721:Garibaldi
2681:Drakeford
2573:Warburton
2493:Jefferson
2488:Honderich
2468:Condorcet
2355:Christian
2317:Nasserism
2292:Classical
2209:Democracy
1950:in 1742.
1946:, to the
1861:Philip II
1838:via Balbi
1650:Byzantine
1642:Aragonese
1538:Black Sea
1521:(İzmir).
1495:Nymphaeum
1304:in 1099,
1292:. Twelve
1162:attacked
1096:compagnia
1088:compagnie
884:oligarchy
810:Black Sea
475:1096–1099
233:Religion
88:1099–1797
9812:Category
9779:Timeline
9668:Minstrel
9663:Medicine
9545:Chivalry
9500:Burgundy
9422:Crusades
9199:Category
9086:Internet
9076:Folklore
9006:Seicento
8991:Trecento
8986:Duecento
8948:Religion
8909:Regional
8887:Italians
8862:Gambling
8754:Taxation
8581:Military
8522:Politics
8324:Republic
8111:Florence
8036:Lombards
7975:Republic
7921:Samnites
7916:Picentes
7858:Apennine
7817:Railways
7797:Military
7745:By topic
7729:Overview
7713:articles
7665:Crusades
7543:Venetian
6930:Piedmont
6780:Oristano
6773:Logudoro
6763:Cagliari
6738:Sardinia
6471:Piedmont
6220:Holy See
6071:Medieval
6025:Picentes
5968:Samnites
5727:Zaccaria
5722:Embriaco
5682:Cattaneo
5672:Grimaldi
5626:Ottoman
5612:Venetian
5547:Admirals
5535:Military
5506:Genovino
5202:Archived
5159:Archived
5126:Archived
5087:Archived
5068:Archived
5024:5 August
4959:22 April
4953:Archived
4858:Archived
4636:(1958).
4434:Archived
4384:. IV.45.
4359:Archived
4328:Archived
4298:Archived
4268:Archived
4244:5 August
4238:Archived
4160:Corsican
4110:See also
4061:Piacenza
4042:in 1860.
4000:City of
3947:Sardinia
3905:granted
3899:Anatolia
3813:commerce
3758:Embriaco
3661:Cattaneo
3631:Grimaldi
3624:Alberghi
3394:Scotland
3334:Barbados
2985:Republic
2901:Prescott
2871:Naysmith
2861:McKechin
2821:La Malfa
2816:Khomeini
2776:Iorwerth
2741:Griffith
2716:Gambetta
2711:Galloway
2696:Ferguson
2676:Davidson
2671:Cromwell
2666:Connolly
2646:Campbell
2563:Sunstein
2548:Rousseau
2543:Polybius
2478:Franklin
2458:Chappell
2453:Cattaneo
2390:People's
2375:Imperial
2307:Kemalism
2244:Republic
2178:Concepts
2105:Apennins
2086:Napoleon
2075:jacobins
1982:and 100
1790:van Dyck
1705:Sardinia
1674:and the
1475:commerce
1448:Istanbul
1408:and the
1344:Caesarea
1164:Sardinia
1000:Petrarch
992:Ligurian
935:Napoleon
888:merchant
757:Ligurian
624:Genovino
611:Currency
48:Ligurian
9722:Related
9708:Warfare
9703:Theatre
9693:Slavery
9688:Science
9643:Hunting
9608:Cuisine
9581:Culture
9520:Castile
9515:England
9156:Theatre
9131:Palaces
9111:Museums
9081:Gardens
9066:Fashion
9056:Cuisine
9036:Castles
8978:Culture
8928:Poverty
8904:Italian
8815:Society
8796:Welfare
8764:Tourism
8734:Exports
8702:Banking
8682:Economy
8670:Economy
8626:Regions
8508:Valleys
8478:Islands
8458:Beaches
8429:Prealps
8409:Geology
8397:Climate
8061:Normans
8021:Odoacer
7970:Kingdom
7953:Ligures
7889:Ancient
7863:Nuragic
7812:Postage
7787:Judaism
7777:Genetic
7767:Fashion
7762:Economy
7721:History
7578:Livonia
7573:Prussia
7430:vassals
7011:Corsica
7001:Tuscany
6966:Etruria
6915:Liguria
6768:Gallura
6758:Arborea
6674:Lombard
6374:Tuscany
6364:Trieste
6000:Ligures
5961:Etruria
5878:Culture
5857:Gibelet
5842:Caladda
5837:Giurgiu
5832:Calafat
5803:Cembalo
5793:Gazaria
5788:Tabarka
5758:Corsica
5748:Liguria
5712:Fieschi
5692:Durazzo
5677:Spinola
5667:Fregoso
5622:Catalan
5596:Battles
5462:Podestà
5419:History
5208:16 June
5165:16 June
5135:16 June
4355:itinari
4334:22 July
4185:Judaism
4081:Bologna
4050:Economy
4029:Romania
4013:Giurgiu
4009:Calafat
4002:Tabarka
3995:Lebanon
3987:Gibelet
3980:Corsica
3965:Gazaria
3891:La Tana
3864:Cembalo
3856:Soldaia
3829:Saladin
3817:Liguria
3719:Lavagna
3715:Fieschi
3643:Durazzo
3637:Spinola
3617:Fregoso
3573:Podestà
3359:Morocco
3349:Jamaica
3344:Ireland
3329:Bahamas
3131:History
2951:Taverne
2926:Skinner
2906:Ritchie
2851:Madison
2831:Lincoln
2781:Jackson
2771:Huppert
2766:Hopkins
2691:Fabiani
2651:Chapman
2636:Bolívar
2626:Bennett
2616:Bartley
2606:Atatürk
2518:Mazzini
2513:Madison
2443:Bentham
2433:Baggini
2400:Secular
2380:Islamic
2365:Federal
2302:Federal
2286:Schools
2130:to the
2128:Capraia
2054:Corsica
2025:in the
2011:Austria
1980:florins
1944:Tabarka
1918:Decline
1865:Fuggers
1848:to the
1798:palazzi
1713:Corsica
1665:Ottoman
1634:Angevin
1590:commune
1586:Sassari
1558:Corsica
1532:(1395).
1378:Almería
1363:Tripoli
1352:bezants
1308:led by
1294:galleys
1282:William
1255:Tortosa
1216:Salerno
1158:of the
1136:consuls
1114:, 1098.
1045:Rothari
1022:History
927:commune
906:in the
821:Corsica
794:Italian
790:Liguria
770:Italian
560:•
546:•
507:•
496:Gazaria
481:•
373:(first)
351:Podestà
327:(first)
279:(first)
224:Italian
214:Genoese
163:Capital
76:Italian
9802:Portal
9683:Poetry
9510:France
9187:
9061:Design
9046:Cinema
9021:Anthem
8943:Racism
8892:People
8867:Health
8729:Energy
8719:Brands
8646:Comune
8641:Cities
8503:Rivers
8463:Canals
8146:Amalfi
8131:Venice
7990:Empire
7931:Veneti
7906:Latins
7878:Latial
7711:
7483:Greece
7447:Marash
7417:Levant
7330:
7264:
7251:
7238:
7077:(1848)
7071:(1831)
7026:states
6991:Naples
6701:Norman
6508:Dogado
6379:Verona
6344:Mantua
6339:Istria
6319:Finale
6309:Ancona
6257:states
6077:states
5995:Veneti
5973:Latins
5867:Vicina
5847:Monaco
5812:Galata
5657:Adorno
5635:Lesbos
5630:Amasra
5617:Mongol
5456:Consul
5361:
5336:
4850:
4742:
4679:
4646:
4603:
4561:
4532:
4478:
4365:11 May
4168:Arabic
4085:Venice
4077:Reggio
4057:salami
4025:Galați
4021:Vicina
3952:North
3929:. The
3915:Cyprus
3907:Lesbos
3895:Samsun
3860:Cherco
3852:Crimea
3844:colony
3833:Smyrna
3744:Lesbos
3740:Lemnos
3613:Adorno
3567:Consul
3384:Sweden
3374:Norway
3339:Canada
3119:(1963)
3099:(1794)
3089:(1791)
3069:(1762)
3059:(1755)
3049:(1748)
3039:(1698)
3029:(1656)
3019:(1649)
3009:(1531)
2961:Wilson
2931:Slater
2921:Skates
2876:Mannin
2866:Mullin
2841:Mackay
2806:Juárez
2761:Hébert
2756:Hatton
2751:Harvie
2641:Burgon
2558:Sidney
2553:Sandel
2538:Pettit
2463:Cicero
2428:Arendt
2410:Soviet
2405:Sister
2297:Modern
2111:, and
1964:Church
1936:plague
1788:, and
1782:Rubens
1709:Aragon
1613:Crimea
1542:Crimea
1519:Smyrna
1515:Lesbos
1483:Nicaea
1444:Galata
1417:Levant
1224:Mahdia
1218:, and
1212:Amalfi
1201:Ragusa
1199:, and
1197:Ancona
1189:Amalfi
1181:Venice
1067:under
933:under
916:Venice
833:Lesbos
825:Monaco
679:Monaco
522:Dogate
386:(last)
355:
340:(last)
309:
294:(last)
261:
72:
58:
44:
9713:Women
9673:Music
9628:Domes
9618:Dance
9505:Milan
9146:Sport
9116:Music
9106:Media
8968:Women
8842:Crime
8707:Banks
8483:Lakes
8468:Caves
8419:Flora
8414:Fauna
8136:Genoa
8121:Milan
8116:Siena
8056:Arabs
7943:Celts
7926:Umbri
7802:Music
7772:Flags
7709:Italy
7358:]
7127:Post-
6976:Italy
6920:Lucca
6910:Italy
6461:Savoy
6369:Turin
6349:Milan
6334:Ivrea
6010:Umbri
5983:Celts
5798:Caffa
5778:Ainos
5763:Chios
5743:Genoa
5697:Doria
5129:(PDF)
5122:(PDF)
4189:Islam
4164:Greek
4147:Notes
4069:Parma
3958:Chios
3880:Samos
3876:Chios
3848:Caffa
3825:Syria
3809:Genoa
3655:Doria
3399:Wales
3379:Spain
3354:Japan
2941:Smith
2916:Sayed
2896:Pound
2891:Nehru
2886:Nandy
2856:Magid
2836:Lucas
2826:Lewis
2736:Grévy
2731:Greer
2631:Black
2611:Azaña
2533:Paine
2503:Locke
2473:Crick
2448:Bodin
2438:Bello
2339:Types
2109:Gênes
1984:scudi
1846:Chios
1763:Doria
1682:made
1609:Sudak
1546:Caffa
1511:Chios
1220:Gaeta
1193:Gaeta
1063:by a
1037:Genoa
984:Latin
974:(the
923:Genoa
837:Chios
778:Latin
712:1815:
694:1797:
676:1512:
219:Latin
170:Genoa
144:Latin
62:Latin
9071:Flag
8801:Wine
8789:road
8784:rail
8615:List
8605:List
8434:Alps
8299:and
8141:Pisa
7911:Osci
7807:Name
7792:LGBT
7576:and
7006:Elba
6935:Rome
6884:eras
6880:and
6853:Gozo
6652:Arab
6635:and
6314:Ceva
5978:Osci
5885:Flag
5862:Tyre
5822:Mapa
5810:and
5808:Pera
5605:Wars
5474:Doge
5359:ISBN
5334:ISBN
5210:2021
5167:2021
5137:2021
5026:2020
4961:2016
4892:2022
4866:2018
4848:ISBN
4740:ISBN
4677:ISBN
4644:ISBN
4601:ISBN
4559:ISBN
4530:ISBN
4476:ISBN
4442:2020
4367:2021
4336:2020
4306:2021
4276:2021
4246:2020
4187:and
4166:and
4079:and
4023:and
3991:Tyre
3878:and
3862:and
3787:The
3750:and
3748:Enez
3725:and
3700:each
3585:Doge
2966:Wood
2811:Kane
2523:Mill
2498:Kant
2037:and
2005:The
1890:and
1888:Sulu
1686:the
1626:Safi
1624:and
1622:Salé
1603:The
1580:and
1572:and
1562:Arno
1554:Pisa
1513:and
1348:Acre
1280:and
1185:Pisa
1156:Emir
1148:Luni
1110:The
1102:Rise
962:Name
893:The
880:Doge
835:and
808:and
751:The
587:1815
577:1814
554:1528
540:1407
527:1339
514:1284
501:1266
488:1261
462:1099
257:Doge
110:Flag
9598:Art
9031:Art
8779:air
8571:Law
6073:and
5194:doi
4067:to
3909:to
3897:in
3850:in
3846:of
3835:in
3559:".
2786:Jay
2103:of
1898:).
1859:of
1707:to
1607:in
1265:.
1002:as
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5190:84
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5012:.
4951:.
4947:.
4882:.
4856:.
4830:^
4807:42
4789:^
4722:^
4702:23
4675:.
4673:27
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4595:.
4573:^
4553:.
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4432:.
4428:.
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4353:.
4322:.
4292:.
4262:.
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4065:Po
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2115:.
2107:,
2064:.
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