20:
323:
279:
291:
339:
307:
351:
73:
106:
240:, who took a creative approach to its renovation. Brasini modified the Saint George Bastion to a more medieval appearance, created a new (albeit ancient-looking) entrance portal, and built the castle's iconic arches above the eastern (Saint James) bastion, originally facing the sea and now on the Saraya Lake. Brasini's initial plan was to have even more arches built, including a second level above the ones that were constructed.
96:
The castle forms an imperfect square with sides of unequal length: 115 meters (north-east), 90 meters (north-west), 130 meters (south-west), and 140 meters (south-east). Its area is about 13,000 square meters. There are several buildings and courtyards inside the castle's walls.
80:
The Red Castle used to be located directly on the sea. In the 1970s, the building of the seafront highway (Al-Shat Road) resulted in the creation of the Saraya Lake, as the castle was cut off from the sea. The building is bordered by the Saraya Lake to the northeast, the
235:
in 1911, the castle was initially used as residence for the
Italian governor-general. In 1919 it was converted into a museum, the first in Libya's history. In 1922-23 it was correspondingly refurbished along designs by architect
216:, converted the castle's Church of Saint Leonard into a mosque, and subsequent governors made the building into their residence. As such, the castle was the center of power under
290:
397:
566:
529:
322:
734:
306:
685:
213:
192:. Much of the current structures appear to date from the subsequent period of rule by Aragonese military commanders and, after 1530, by the
672:
617:
256:
350:
181:(1234–1321), the Beni Ammar (1321–1401) and again the Hafsid Emirate (1401–1510, with another lapse in the mid-15th century).
515:
278:
489:
724:
185:
377:
673:"Major exhibition in Libya aims to prepare for a surge of archaeological activity once political stability returns"
259:
from 1942, and the
British authorities reopened an expanded museum in 1948. The museum was again refurbished under
739:
90:
57:
24:
338:
654:
232:
19:
729:
530:"Pasha castle, Tripoli, Libya, from L'Illustrazione Italiana, Year XXXII, No 4, January 22, 1905"
201:
744:
264:
126:
398:"Islamist Radical Egwillah Attributes the Red Castle to the Ottomans: What Does History Say?"
82:
76:
Map of
Tripoli in 1904, showing the Red Castle ("Pasha's Castle") on the eastern edge of town
447:
584:
426:
64:(under various names) since 1919, and of the Libyan Department of Archaeology since 1952.
8:
598:
193:
263:
between 1982 and 1988. The building and museum only suffered minor damage during the
248:
247:
established his office inside the building. On 5 November 1938, Balbo inaugurated an
225:
189:
174:
170:
158:
150:
146:
61:
252:
209:
138:
86:
553:
Environmental Design: Journal of the
Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre
329:
297:
260:
237:
217:
465:
197:
178:
130:
53:
718:
700:
687:
372:
162:
142:
72:
466:"Red Castle in Tripoli: a digital archive as support to historical research"
313:
166:
134:
244:
548:
490:"Il Castello Rosso di Tripoli: la fortezza di une Medina mediterranea.
208:
during that time, thus its current name. The first
Ottoman governor or
105:
125:
in the 7th century BCE; excavations have found remains dating back to
618:"In Tripoli's museum of antiquity only Gaddafi is lost in revolution"
221:
154:
118:
110:
636:
448:"The silver writing in Arabic reads: The Museum of Assaraya Alhamra"
501:
Defensive
Architecture of the Mediterranean - XV to XVIII Centuries
367:
267:
in 2011. The museum was closed in 2015 but had reopened by 2021.
492:
The
Tripoli's Saray al-Hamra: the fort of a Mediterranean Medina
145:
in 642 or 643, reconquered by the
Byzantines then again by the
161:(10th century) who refurbished it into a royal residence, the
655:"As war rages, Tripoli art gallery opens in rundown old city"
205:
85:
to the northwest, the Souq al-Mushir neighborhood around the
296:
Main façade (Saint George
Bastion) with banner celebrating
255:
in front of the castle. The castle was protected under the
122:
637:"Threats to Cultural Heritage in Libya – present status"
129:. Like the surrounded region, it was taken over by the
356:
View across the Saraya Lake (originally seaside front)
316:
on the Saint George
Bastion, from the 1920s renovation
585:"The Red Castle of Tripoli | the Libya Observer"
149:
in the late 7th century; then under the rule of the
204:. The castle is also said to have been painted red
716:
546:
487:
117:The origins of the castle may be as old as the
634:
23:The Red Castle's Saint George Bastion, facing
470:Tripoli Red Castle Digital Historical Archive
652:
39:
615:
549:"Armando Brasini's Architecture at Tripoli"
52:, is a major landmark on the waterfront of
735:Buildings and structures in Tripoli, Libya
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
513:
483:
481:
479:
442:
440:
104:
71:
18:
540:
408:
113:, indicating the Red Castle on the left
717:
514:Institute, Stanford Research (1969).
476:
437:
109:Early 16th-century map of Tripoli by
40:
13:
14:
756:
616:David Smith (11 September 2011).
378:List of Knights Hospitaller sites
349:
337:
321:
305:
289:
277:
665:
646:
635:Rene Teijgeler (October 2011),
628:
609:
591:
577:
257:British Military Administration
653:Ulf Laessing (25 April 2019).
559:
555:, Rome: Carucci Editore: 46-55
522:
507:
458:
390:
67:
60:. It has been the home of the
1:
499:. In Giorgio Verdiani (ed.).
196:until their expulsion by the
155:Aghlabid Emirate of Ifriqiya
7:
427:"The Red Castle of Tripoli"
361:
10:
761:
503:. Vol. IV. Didapress.
332:on the Saint James Bastion
270:
179:Hafsid Emirate of Ifriqiya
100:
725:History of Tripoli, Libya
547:Claudia Conforti (1990),
516:"Area Handbook for Libya"
233:Italian conquest of Libya
169:(11th century-1146), the
163:Zirid Emirate of Ifriqiya
488:Ludovico Micara (2016).
383:
284:Aerial view in the 1950s
171:Norman Kingdom of Africa
243:In the 1930s, governor
202:Siege of Tripoli (1551)
641:Culture in Development
265:First Libyan Civil War
114:
89:to the southwest, and
77:
27:
186:Tripoli was conquered
108:
83:Central Bank of Libya
75:
22:
599:"Tripoli Red Castle"
740:Knights Hospitaller
701:32.8961°N 13.1804°E
697: /
675:. 17 February 2022.
433:. 12 November 2020.
404:. 19 February 2020.
194:Knights Hospitaller
141:in 534, overrun by
93:to the southeast.
603:The Libya Observer
567:"Benito Mussolini"
431:The Libya Observer
328:Arches created by
151:Abbasid Caliphates
115:
78:
44:), sometimes also
36:As-saraya Al-hamra
28:
249:equestrian statue
226:Karamanli dynasty
190:Kingdom of Aragon
177:(1158-1229), the
175:Almohad Caliphate
159:Fatimid Caliphate
147:Umayyad Caliphate
62:Red Castle Museum
16:Landmark in Libya
752:
712:
711:
709:
708:
707:
706:32.8961; 13.1804
702:
698:
695:
694:
693:
690:
677:
676:
669:
663:
662:
650:
644:
643:
632:
626:
625:
613:
607:
606:
605:. 10 April 2020.
595:
589:
588:
581:
575:
574:
563:
557:
556:
544:
538:
537:
526:
520:
519:
511:
505:
504:
498:
485:
474:
473:
462:
456:
455:
444:
435:
434:
423:
406:
405:
394:
353:
341:
325:
309:
293:
281:
253:Benito Mussolini
224:origin, and the
210:Pasha of Tripoli
87:Karamanli Mosque
43:
42:
760:
759:
755:
754:
753:
751:
750:
749:
715:
714:
705:
703:
699:
696:
691:
688:
686:
684:
683:
681:
680:
671:
670:
666:
651:
647:
633:
629:
614:
610:
597:
596:
592:
583:
582:
578:
565:
564:
560:
545:
541:
528:
527:
523:
512:
508:
496:
486:
477:
464:
463:
459:
446:
445:
438:
425:
424:
409:
396:
395:
391:
386:
364:
357:
354:
345:
344:Interior street
342:
333:
330:Armando Brasini
326:
317:
310:
301:
298:Muammar Gaddafi
294:
285:
282:
273:
261:Muammar Gaddafi
238:Armando Brasini
218:Ahmed Karamanli
173:(1146-58), the
157:(800–909), the
153:(750–800), the
103:
91:Martyrs' Square
70:
58:Martyrs' Square
41:السرايا الحمراء
25:Martyrs' Square
17:
12:
11:
5:
758:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
730:Forts in Libya
727:
679:
678:
664:
645:
627:
608:
590:
576:
558:
539:
521:
506:
475:
457:
436:
407:
388:
387:
385:
382:
381:
380:
375:
370:
363:
360:
359:
358:
355:
348:
346:
343:
336:
334:
327:
320:
318:
311:
304:
302:
300:, 1 April 2007
295:
288:
286:
283:
276:
272:
269:
200:following the
198:Ottoman Empire
131:Vandal Kingdom
121:foundation of
102:
99:
69:
66:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
757:
746:
745:Italian Libya
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
720:
713:
710:
674:
668:
660:
656:
649:
642:
638:
631:
623:
619:
612:
604:
600:
594:
586:
580:
572:
568:
562:
554:
550:
543:
535:
531:
525:
517:
510:
502:
495:
493:
484:
482:
480:
471:
467:
461:
453:
449:
443:
441:
432:
428:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
403:
399:
393:
389:
379:
376:
374:
373:Borj El Kebir
371:
369:
366:
365:
352:
347:
340:
335:
331:
324:
319:
315:
312:Sculpture of
308:
303:
299:
292:
287:
280:
275:
274:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
234:
229:
228:(1711–1835).
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
143:Amr ibn al-As
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
112:
107:
98:
94:
92:
88:
84:
74:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
37:
33:
26:
21:
682:
667:
658:
648:
640:
630:
622:The Guardian
621:
611:
602:
593:
579:
571:Getty Images
570:
561:
552:
542:
534:Getty Images
533:
524:
509:
500:
491:
472:. 2008–2012.
469:
460:
451:
430:
401:
392:
314:Saint George
242:
230:
183:
167:Banu Khazrun
139:Roman Empire
133:around 439,
116:
95:
79:
56:, bordering
49:
45:
35:
34:, in Arabic
31:
29:
704: /
245:Italo Balbo
127:Roman times
68:Description
719:Categories
692:13°10′49″E
689:32°53′46″N
231:After the
214:Murād Agha
119:Phoenician
50:Red Saraya
32:Red Castle
402:Al Marsad
222:Janissary
135:recovered
111:Piri Reis
362:See also
184:In 1510
46:Red Fort
659:Reuters
368:Tabarka
271:Gallery
188:by the
137:by the
101:History
54:Tripoli
452:Temehu
497:(PDF)
384:Notes
220:, of
206:ochre
165:and
30:The
251:of
123:Oea
48:or
721::
657:.
639:,
620:.
601:.
569:.
551:,
532:.
478:^
468:.
450:.
439:^
429:.
410:^
400:.
212:,
661:.
624:.
587:.
573:.
536:.
518:.
494:"
454:.
38:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
