2172:
269:
Early drawings show this attic in turn supporting a circular pavilion, but this seems to have been a later
Islamic addition. The arch stood at the intersection of the two main streets of the town and the adjoining streets and alleyways of the post-Classical town incorporate many elements of an orthogonal street plan. Near the arch are the remains of a temple dedicated to the Genius Colonine (A.D. 183–85), and the forum probably lay nearby. There was a monumental bath on or near the site of the present castle. The city walls, demolished in 1913, incorporated long stretches of the late antique defenses.Richard Stillwell. Perseus
278:
31:
941:
455:
294:
of the Berber–Phoenicians until the mid-3rd century. The historian
Mommsen wrote that only in the 4th century was Christianity adopted by the citizens of Oea as a whole. The city prospered mainly because Rome stopped bandits from plundering the countryside, but also because the Roman Empire – under
293:
was the official language and the one used by the elite in the city. Indeed, in the 6th century, when the city was ruled by the
Byzantines, only a few were able to speak Latin and all the others spoke Berber, while Phoenician had disappeared. The Christian religion coexisted with the pagan religion
268:
The principal surviving monument (of Oea) is an elaborately ornamental quadrifrons archway dedicated to M. Aurelius and L. Verus in A.D. 163, the central stone dome of which was carried on flat slabs laid across the angles and was concealed externally within the masonry of an attic, now destroyed.
404:, gave some prosperity to the city and probably created Christian churches for the local Berber population of the city and of the surroundings. Indeed, Christianity remained in the Oea/Tripolis area until the 11th century, as can be deduced from archeological research done in the nearby oasis of
273:
The fact that
Tripoli has been continuously inhabited, unlike Sabratha and Leptis Magna, has meant that the inhabitants have either quarried material from older buildings (destroying them in the process), or built on top of them, burying them beneath the streets, where they remain largely
419:, in November 643. Retaken by the Byzantine army a few years later, Oea was finally conquered around 680. Even if partially destroyed, the city did not disappear under the sands in the next two centuries like Sabratha and Leptis Magna, but grew to be the capital of
391:
There is evidence that the
Tripolitania region was in relative economic decline during the 5th and 6th centuries, in part due to the political unrest spreading across the Mediterranean world in the wake of the collapse of the
2068:
706:
Claude Fleury, Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de
Tillemont, The ecclesiastical history of M. l'abbé Fleury, Volume 1 (Google eBook) (Printed by T. Wood, for James Crokatt, 1727)
2868:
930:
734:
Hieroclis
Synecdemus et notitiae graecae episcopatuum, accedunt Nili Doxapatrii notitia patriarchatuum et locorum nomina immutata, ex recognitione Gustavi Parthey
2061:
2858:
1526:
2873:
168:
village. The
Phoenicians were probably attracted to the site by its natural harbour, flanked on the western shore by the small, easily defensible
1567:
2054:
923:
321:
called to discuss baptism administered by heretics, Natalis of Oea spoke in his own name and on behalf of the bishops of
Sabratha and
2793:
435:, the Italian administration carried out (mainly from 1919) conservation and restoration work in the city, and the Italian architect
303:
2853:
2778:
916:
562:
2848:
2838:
899:
840:
754:
694:
593:
551:
101:
were prosperous. It reached its height in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, when the city experienced a golden age under the
908:
468:
440:
35:
2843:
707:
2757:
1752:
2863:
2810:
812:
114:
2171:
940:
2487:
944:
338:
330:
314:
172:, on which they established their colony. The city then passed into the hands of the Greek rulers of
2717:
2231:
1802:
672:
416:
835:, Studi Africanistici: Quaderni di Studi Berberi e Libico-Berberi, Naples: Unior, pp. 65–71,
2722:
2712:
373:
322:
345:
says
Cresconius was already bishop of Oea under King Genseric (428–467). He is mentioned in the
246:
In spite of centuries of Roman habitation, the only visible Roman remains, apart from scattered
2346:
2331:
2211:
2186:
2121:
2111:
1637:
473:
251:
66:
766:
642:
2482:
2446:
2116:
2046:
1511:
958:
732:
380:
at the end of the 9th century, No longer a residential bishopric, Oea is today listed by the
582:
277:
2798:
2707:
2126:
1747:
1577:
1452:
1108:
1017:
657:
488:
436:
393:
368:
1767:
333:, a time when Oea had no Catholic bishop. Cresconius was one of the Catholic bishops whom
8:
2762:
2727:
1302:
460:
289:(mixed with autochthonous Libyan-Berber words) until the end of the 3rd century, even if
286:
192:). Cyrene was a colony on the North African shore, a bit east of Tambroli and halfway to
2803:
2788:
2241:
2226:
1691:
1322:
938:
355:
299:
110:
803:
Di Vita, Antonino (1967), "Diffusione Cristianesimo nell'Interno della Tripolitania",
2737:
2492:
2261:
2221:
1938:
1821:
1241:
1149:
1113:
895:
846:
836:
833:
La Lingua nella Vita e la Vita della Lingua: Itinerari e Percorsi degli Studi Berberi
808:
750:
690:
589:
432:
347:
240:
30:
2617:
2512:
2251:
2206:
1909:
1858:
1782:
1393:
1033:
877:
48:
2783:
1351:
1261:
1226:
720:
503:
381:
377:
342:
255:
212:
102:
423:. In the 9th century the name "Oea" was replaced by the present name "Tripoli".
298:
and Septimius Severus – curbed unrest among local tribal groups by creating the
2752:
2679:
2663:
2622:
2602:
2351:
2341:
2131:
2004:
1686:
1622:
1572:
1536:
1482:
1292:
1154:
483:
177:
151:
74:
1092:
828:"Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Écriture Punique/Néopunique"
2832:
2557:
2532:
2436:
2136:
2101:
1949:
1712:
1443:
1423:
1282:
1257:
850:
197:
143:
629:
552:
Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Oea
415:, Tripoli was, unlike Western North Africa, taken by the Muslims just after
354:
Thomas C. Oden says that a bishop of Oea, whom he does not name, was at the
2522:
2276:
2141:
1944:
1934:
1817:
1652:
1472:
1468:
1231:
1206:
1134:
973:
498:
420:
412:
313:
The names of three bishops of Oea are recorded in extant documents. At the
236:
208:
106:
98:
86:
20:
16:
Ancient city in present-day Centreville à le Souq Yafran, in Tripoli, Libya
2326:
862:
351:
under 28 November along with other victims of persecution by the Vandals.
258:
from the 2nd century AD. There are also remains of a little temple called
2732:
2477:
2406:
1904:
1716:
1337:
1327:
1073:
1057:
1053:
401:
385:
94:
82:
24:
1673:
1541:
866:
790:
Bartoccini, Renato (1924), "Le Ricerche Archeologiche in Tripolitania",
164:), suggesting that the city may have been built upon an existing native
2702:
2658:
2653:
2637:
2607:
2507:
2472:
2316:
1914:
1878:
1873:
1611:
1216:
1068:
967:
307:
2256:
227:, meaning "region of the three cities" (namely Oea (modern Tripoli of
2742:
2562:
2502:
2426:
2416:
2391:
2366:
2361:
2301:
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2161:
2151:
2035:
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2020:
1929:
1827:
1806:
1657:
1617:
1562:
1342:
1170:
1028:
998:
963:
528:
518:
513:
493:
221:. Around the beginning of the 3rd century AD, it became known as the
173:
169:
139:
1812:
1771:
1267:
827:
573:
Theodore Mommsen."The Provinces of the Roman Empire". Section:Africa
2747:
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1047:
1038:
988:
523:
508:
326:
232:
2451:
1762:
1742:
1088:
207:
By the later half of the 2nd century BC, Oea was conquered by the
2684:
2597:
2572:
2567:
2517:
2441:
2431:
2376:
2356:
2336:
2321:
2311:
2296:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2191:
1998:
1989:
1974:
1964:
1924:
1899:
1853:
1791:
1787:
1647:
1627:
1601:
1587:
1581:
1433:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1362:
1357:
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1143:
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1007:
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982:
978:
397:
334:
331:
joint meeting of Catholic and Donatist bishops in Carthage in 411
318:
165:
90:
2632:
239:). It was probably raised to the rank of a separate province by
2627:
2592:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2497:
2421:
2411:
2371:
2196:
2156:
2146:
2025:
1979:
1969:
1953:
1918:
1883:
1868:
1863:
1777:
1695:
1681:
1642:
1597:
1531:
1418:
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1139:
1118:
1102:
1083:
1063:
1023:
405:
295:
247:
201:
2076:
777:
Renato Bartoccini. "Le ricerche archeologiche in Tripolitania"
54:
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2236:
2201:
1983:
1959:
1848:
1843:
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1726:
1722:
1515:
1438:
1383:
1347:
1332:
1317:
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1013:
992:
767:
Antonino Di Vita: Christian churches in Tripolitania interior
478:
290:
228:
193:
187:
181:
78:
2381:
2096:
1607:
1521:
1447:
1428:
1388:
1175:
57:
611:
254:(usually integrated in later buildings), is the Arch of
721:
Apostolicity and Ethnicity in Early Libyan Christianity
408:(where a Christian community was ruled by a "iudex").
871:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 875
450:
310:
farms along the southern edge of the Oea territory.
51:
826:
599:
366:The diocese was mentioned in an early 8th-century
2869:Roman towns and cities in Africa (Roman province)
285:Most of the Oea inhabitants continued to use the
23:. For the town of ancient Thera (Santorini), see
2830:
281:Frontal section of the Temple "Genius Coloniae"
860:
617:
2062:
924:
259:
222:
216:
159:
2077:Romano-Berber cities in Roman North Africa
2069:
2055:
931:
917:
789:
723:Bibliotheca Sacra Volume: 167: (Apr 2010).
647:, Volume I, Brescia 1816, pp. 249–250
2794:Christianity in the Roman Africa province
563:Detailed map of Roman northwestern Africa
85:in the 7th century BC and later became a
2859:Populated places of the Byzantine Empire
807:, vol. V, L'Erma di Bretschneider,
400:. However the Byzantines, under emperor
396:, as well as pressure from the invading
276:
29:
2874:Ancient Greek geography of North Africa
2779:North Africa during classical antiquity
2084:Sorted by contemporary national borders
876:
802:
674:Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae
211:, who included it in their province of
134:The city was founded in the 7th century
2831:
632:, livius.org. Accessed 31 August 2022.
2821:UNESCO World Heritage Sites Proposed
2050:
912:
889:
824:
605:
73:) was an ancient city in present-day
737:, Berlino 1866, p. 83 (nº 798).
243:, who was a native of Leptis Magna.
155:
19:For the town of ancient Attica, see
861:Head, Barclay; et al. (1911),
805:Quaderni di Archeologia della Libia
630:Oea and the Arch of Marcus Aurelius
13:
894:, Chester: Tamarisk Publications,
892:The Early Churches in North Africa
115:spread of Islam in the 7th century
14:
2885:
882:The Provinces of the Roman Empire
749:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
689:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001
376:and in that of Byzantine Emperor
2170:
939:
453:
200:later wrested it again from the
156:𐤅𐤉𐤏𐤕
109:. The city was conquered by the
47:
2854:Catholic titular sees in Africa
2811:Roman colonies in Berber Africa
2758:Praetorian prefecture of Africa
1573:Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)
783:
771:
760:
740:
726:
713:
700:
680:
665:
439:rearranged the area around the
264:, conserved in Tripoli Museum.
945:Phoenician cities and colonies
884:, New York: Barnes & Noble
650:
635:
623:
576:
567:
556:
545:
361:
97:province, Oea and surrounding
1:
2849:Archaeological sites in Libya
794:, vol. I, pp. 59–73
534:
302:and setting up towns such as
93:colony. As part of the Roman
2839:Phoenician colonies in Libya
2327:Oppidum Novum (Caesariensis)
539:
426:
306:, forts such as Garbia, and
188:
160:
129:
7:
677:, Leipzig 1931, p. 467
446:
10:
2890:
1925:Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)
792:Rivista della Tripolitania
641:Stefano Antonio Morcelli,
339:meeting at Carthage in 484
215:, and gave it the name of
182:
124:
70:
18:
2819:
2771:
2693:
2672:
2646:
2465:
2179:
2168:
2137:Oppidum Novum (Tingitana)
2089:
2082:
2013:
1892:
1836:
1705:
1678:Portus Magonis (Portimão)
1666:
1550:
1497:
1461:
1371:
1250:
1242:Strato's Tower (Caesarea)
1194:
1163:
1127:
951:
662:, Paris 1912, p. 164
315:Council of Carthage (255)
1424:Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)
747:Annuario Pontificio 2013
121:during the 9th century.
117:and came to be known as
81:. It was founded by the
2844:History of Tripolitania
2713:Mauretania Caesariensis
825:Ghaki, Mansour (2015),
469:Arch of Marcus Aurelius
441:Arch of Marcus Aurelius
36:Arch of Marcus Aurelius
2122:Iulia Campestris Babba
2112:Iulia Constantia Zilil
890:Robin, Daniel (1993),
671:Pius Bonifacius Gams,
474:Caesarea of Mauretania
431:Immediately after the
282:
271:
260:
223:
217:
39:
2864:Ancient Berber cities
2117:Iulia Valentia Banasa
1268:Cape Melqart (Cefalù)
687:Martyrologium Romanum
618:Head & al. (1911)
280:
266:
33:
2799:Early African Church
2708:Mauretania Tingitana
2227:Castellum Tingitanum
1945:Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)
1783:Carthage (Cartagena)
1171:Callista (Santorini)
1109:Tipasa in Mauretania
1069:Rusippisir (Taksebt)
659:L'Afrique chrétienne
489:Florestano Di Fausto
437:Florestano Di Fausto
394:Western Roman Empire
369:Notitia Episcopatuum
2763:Exarchate of Africa
1682:Olissipona (Lisbon)
583:Anthony R. Birley,
461:Ancient Rome portal
287:Phoenician language
2804:Church of Carthage
2789:Limes Tripolitanus
2728:Creta et Cyrenaica
2242:Civitas Popthensis
1854:Balanaea (Baniyas)
1084:Rusuccuru (Dellys)
356:Council of Ephesus
300:Limes Tripolitanus
283:
142:, who gave it the
111:Rashidun Caliphate
40:
2826:
2825:
2738:Diocese of Africa
2262:Diana Veteranorum
2222:Castellum Dimmidi
2044:
2043:
1674:Portus Hannibalis
1563:Arambys (Mogador)
1448:Ushu (Palaetyrus)
1429:Porphyreon (Jieh)
1298:Kapara (Soluntum)
1114:Tipasa in Numidia
1064:Rusicade (Skikda)
901:978-0-9538565-3-4
878:Mommsen, Theodore
842:978-88-6719-125-3
755:978-88-209-9070-1
695:978-88-209-7210-3
644:Africa christiana
348:Roman Martyrology
341:and then exiled.
241:Septimius Severus
224:Regio Tripolitana
2881:
2772:Related articles
2618:Turris Tamalleni
2513:Hippo Diarrhytus
2252:Cohors Breucorum
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2071:
2064:
2057:
2048:
2047:
1813:Tagilit (Tíjola)
1588:Shalat (Chellah)
1558:Azama (Azemmour)
943:
933:
926:
919:
910:
909:
904:
885:
872:
868:Historia Numorum
857:
853:
830:
821:
817:
799:
795:
778:
775:
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738:
730:
724:
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711:
704:
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684:
678:
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663:
654:
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639:
633:
627:
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615:
609:
603:
597:
594:978-1-13470746-1
588:Routledge 2002,
585:Septimus Severus
580:
574:
571:
565:
560:
554:
549:
463:
458:
457:
456:
433:Italian conquest
325:. Marinianus, a
263:
226:
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185:
184:
163:
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64:
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59:
56:
53:
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2828:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2784:African Romance
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2695:
2689:
2668:
2642:
2461:
2175:
2166:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2045:
2040:
2009:
1900:Aspis (Kelibia)
1888:
1832:
1701:
1687:Ossonoba (Faro)
1662:
1546:
1493:
1457:
1394:Athar (Tripoli)
1367:
1246:
1190:
1159:
1123:
999:Iol (Cherchell)
947:
937:
902:
855:
843:
819:
815:
797:
786:
781:
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772:
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761:
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719:Thomas C. Oden
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459:
454:
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382:Catholic Church
378:Leo VI the Wise
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343:Victor Vitensis
261:Genius Coloniae
256:Marcus Aurelius
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103:Severan dynasty
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2015:
2011:
2010:
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2002:
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1987:
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1970:Sicca (El Kef)
1967:
1962:
1957:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1800:
1795:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1765:
1760:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1730:
1720:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1537:Ras il-Wardija
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1509:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1476:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1419:Gebal (Byblos)
1416:
1414:Botrys (Teros)
1411:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1295:
1293:Heraclea Minoa
1290:
1280:
1270:
1265:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1096:
1086:
1081:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:Kissi (Djinet)
1021:
1011:
1001:
996:
986:
976:
971:
961:
955:
953:
949:
948:
936:
935:
928:
921:
913:
907:
906:
900:
887:
874:
858:
841:
822:
813:
800:
785:
782:
780:
779:
770:
759:
739:
725:
712:
699:
679:
664:
649:
634:
622:
610:
598:
575:
566:
555:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
484:Diocese of Oea
481:
476:
471:
465:
464:
448:
445:
443:in the 1930s.
428:
425:
363:
360:
337:summoned to a
131:
128:
126:
123:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2886:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:and provinces
2692:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:Pheradi Majus
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Unica Colonia
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Portus Magnus
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2187:Aquae Calidae
2185:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Marat (Amrit)
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:Gadir (Cadiz)
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1568:Caricus Murus
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:Gaulos (Gozo)
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1363:Ṣiṣ (Palermo)
1361:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
987:
984:
980:
977:
975:
972:
969:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
934:
929:
927:
922:
920:
915:
914:
911:
903:
897:
893:
888:
883:
879:
875:
870:
869:
864:
859:
852:
848:
844:
838:
834:
829:
823:
816:
810:
806:
801:
793:
788:
787:
774:
768:
763:
756:
752:
748:
743:
736:
735:
729:
722:
716:
709:
703:
696:
692:
688:
683:
676:
675:
668:
661:
660:
653:
646:
645:
638:
631:
626:
619:
614:
608:, p. 67.
607:
602:
595:
591:
587:
586:
579:
570:
564:
559:
553:
548:
544:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
462:
451:
444:
442:
438:
434:
424:
422:
418:
414:
411:According to
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:
359:
357:
352:
350:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:, was at the
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
288:
279:
275:
274:unexcavated.
270:
265:
262:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
219:
218:Regio Syrtica
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
198:Carthaginians
195:
190:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
153:
149:
145:
144:Libyco-Berber
141:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
68:
67:Ancient Greek
62:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2723:Roman Africa
2523:Leptis Parva
2277:Hippo Regius
1653:Thymiaterium
1527:Għajn Qajjet
1478:
1352:Sant'Antioco
974:Hippo Regius
891:
881:
867:
832:
820:(in Italian)
804:
798:(in Italian)
791:
784:Bibliography
773:
762:
746:
742:
733:
728:
715:
702:
686:
682:
673:
667:
658:
656:J. Mesnage,
652:
643:
637:
625:
613:
606:Ghaki (2015)
601:
584:
578:
569:
558:
547:
499:Leptis Magna
430:
421:Tripolitania
413:Al-Baladhuri
410:
390:
367:
365:
353:
346:
323:Leptis Magna
312:
284:
272:
267:
245:
237:Leptis Magna
206:
147:
133:
118:
107:Leptis Magna
99:Tripolitania
42:
41:
21:Oea (Attica)
2733:Roman Egypt
2478:Bulla Regia
2407:Thubursicum
2232:Castra Nova
1905:Bulla Regia
1453:Umm al-Amad
1338:Pantelleria
1207:Akka (Acre)
1093:Aïn Oulmene
1074:Rusubbicari
1058:Tamentfoust
1018:Constantine
856:(in French)
402:Justinian I
386:titular see
362:Middle Ages
140:Phoenicians
95:Africa Nova
83:Phoenicians
25:Oea (Thera)
2833:Categories
2703:Mauretania
2638:Zama Regia
2608:Thuburnica
2508:Hadrumetum
2473:Althiburos
2317:Mesarfelta
1915:Hadrumetum
1733:Akra Leuka
1612:Casablanca
1444:Sur (Tyre)
814:887062062X
535:References
417:Alexandria
374:Alexandria
308:centenaria
138:BC by the
105:in nearby
2743:Zeugitana
2563:Simitthus
2427:Tubusuctu
2417:Tingartia
2392:Thamugadi
2367:Rusucurru
2362:Rusguniae
2332:Parthenia
2302:Lambaesis
2217:Cartennas
2162:Volubilis
2152:Thamusida
2036:Tahpanhes
2031:Gibraltar
2026:Phoenicus
2021:Myriandus
1930:Kerkouane
1807:Almunecar
1618:Volubilis
1489:Tsabratan
1343:Selinunte
1313:Lilybaeum
1080:El Bahri)
1054:Rusguniae
1029:Macomades
964:Cartennae
863:"Syrtica"
851:2283-5636
757:), p. 944
697:), p. 612
540:Citations
529:Volubilis
519:Thubactis
514:Thamugadi
494:Lambaesis
427:Modernity
174:Cyrenaica
170:peninsula
130:Antiquity
113:with the
2748:Byzacena
2694:Kingdoms
2613:Thysdrus
2588:Thabraca
2578:Taparura
2568:Sufetula
2553:Scillium
2528:Mactaris
2488:Carthago
2457:Zuccabar
2402:Thibilis
2397:Theveste
2387:Thagaste
2307:Madauros
2287:Igilgili
2267:Gemellae
2212:Caesarea
2107:Exilissa
1995:Thysdrus
1939:Monastir
1910:Carthage
1818:Toscanos
1798:Saguntum
1788:Rushadir
1737:Alicante
1667:Portugal
1633:Oualidia
1593:Tamusida
1542:Tas-Silġ
1506:Cospicua
1504:Maleth (
1323:Neapolis
1307:Cagliari
1273:Drepanum
1232:Shikmona
1150:Lapathus
1078:Zemmouri
1048:Azeffoun
1039:Rachgoun
989:Igilgili
959:Camarata
880:(2003),
708:page 437
524:Thysdrus
509:Sabratha
447:See also
358:of 431.
327:Donatist
317:, which
252:capitals
233:Sabratha
176:as Oea (
2718:Numidia
2685:Rusadir
2664:Farafra
2598:Thapsus
2573:Tacapae
2518:Kelibia
2503:Gightis
2493:Cillium
2466:Tunisia
2447:Vescera
2442:Uzinaza
2432:Tubunae
2377:Setifis
2357:Rapidum
2337:Pomaria
2322:Milevum
2312:Mascula
2297:Lamasba
2292:Iomnium
2282:Icosium
2272:Gunugus
2192:Albulae
2180:Algeria
2132:Mogador
2090:Morocco
1999:El Djem
1990:Thapsus
1980:Tayinat
1975:Tabarka
1965:Ruspina
1893:Tunisia
1828:Tyreche
1792:Melilla
1753:Iboshim
1658:Rusibis
1628:Rusadir
1623:Mogador
1602:Tangier
1582:Larache
1551:Morocco
1483:Tripoli
1434:Sarepta
1399:Baalbek
1372:Lebanon
1358:Tharros
1277:Trapani
1144:Larnaca
1099:Thagora
1044:Rusazus
1008:Tigzirt
1004:Iomnium
983:Algiers
979:Icosium
952:Algeria
398:Vandals
335:Huneric
319:Cyprian
304:Gaerisa
248:columns
125:History
119:Tripoli
89:–
75:Tripoli
2680:Septem
2628:Uthina
2593:Thanae
2548:Ruspae
2543:Rucuma
2538:Pupput
2498:Dougga
2422:Tipasa
2412:Tiddis
2372:Saldae
2257:Cuicul
2207:Calama
2197:Altava
2157:Tingis
2147:Tamuda
1954:Djerba
1950:Meninx
1935:Lepcis
1919:Sousse
1884:Ugarit
1874:Shuksi
1869:Safita
1864:Paltus
1772:Málaga
1768:Malake
1713:Abdera
1696:Tavira
1578:Likush
1532:Mtarfa
1469:Lepcis
1408:Beirut
1303:Karaly
1227:Reshef
1217:Michal
1202:Achzib
1195:Israel
1181:Rhodes
1164:Greece
1155:Marion
1140:Kition
1128:Cyprus
1119:Timici
1103:Taoura
1034:Malaca
898:
849:
839:
811:
753:
693:
596:, p. 2
592:
406:Gefara
296:Trajan
213:Africa
209:Romans
202:Greeks
196:. The
166:Berber
136:
91:Berber
38:in Oea
2673:Spain
2647:Egypt
2623:Utica
2583:Sufes
2558:Sicca
2483:Capsa
2452:Zaraï
2247:Collo
2237:Cirta
2202:Auzia
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