258:
After the death of Fulful ibn Sai'd ibn
Khazrun in 1009â10, his brother Warru was proclaimed as leader. He warred against the Zirids but was forced to recognize their authority several times. After his death in 1014â5, the Maghrawa tribes were divided in a succession dispute between Warru's brother,
270:
Within
Khalifa's lifetime, the sons of Khazrun ibn Sa'id returned to contest control of Tripolitania. Eventually, al-Muntasir emerged victorious as the ruler of Tripoli and the Maghrawa in the region, a position which he kept for a long period. Between 1038 and 1049, he waged a long war against the
259:
Khazrun ibn Sa'id, and Warru's son, Khalifa. Khalifa prevailed and
Khazrun left for Egypt along with his two sons, Sa'id and al-Muntasir. Khalifa initially recognized the Zirid ruler, Badis, but refused to recognize the authority of his successor,
321:
Tripoli from
Muhammad ibn Khazrun. By 1146, a famine drove the city's inhabitants to expel the Banu Khazrun. This afforded Roger the opportunity to finally capture the city in 1146 or 1147. The dynasty's rule came to an end at this time and the
254:
for a time. The region nonetheless remained effectively under control of the Banu
Khazrun, who fluctuated between practical autonomy and full independence, often playing the Fatimids and the Zirids against each other.
263:(r. 1016â1062). He launched attacks in the regions around GabĂšs and Tripoli. The Zirids finally ceded Tripoli to the Banu Khazrun in 1022. In 1026â7, Khalifa obtained from the Fatimid caliph in Cairo,
275:
in 1051â1052, he accepted the authority of al-Mu'izz ibn Badis and came to his aid. The Zirids and their allies were nonetheless defeated and forced to retreat, leaving the
151:
126:
348:
Oman, G.; Christides, V.; Bosworth, C.E. (1960â2007). "áčŹarÄbulus al-GÌČhÌČarb". In
Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
391:
271:
Zirids, defeating two of their expeditions against him. He was defeated by a third Zirid expedition and agreed to a peace treaty. During the
614:
Garnier, Sébastien (2020). "Libya until 1500". In Fleet, Kate; KrÀmer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
523:
Garnier, Sébastien (2020). "Libya until 1500". In Fleet, Kate; KrÀmer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
670:
227:. After 1001, Tripolitania broke away from Zirid control under the leadership of Fulful ibn Sa'id ibn Khazrun, a leader of the
680:
653:
507:
401:
643:
318:
493:
751:
732:
623:
532:
357:
267:, a formal confirmation of his position as governor of Tripoli, while agreeing to send gifts to al-Mu'izz ibn Badis.
766:
761:
711:
264:
574:"L'émirat de Barqa et les Fatimides : les enjeux de la navigation en Méditerranée centrale au xie siÚcle"
302:
and Righ regions, while retaining control of
Tripoli. He made a new base for himself in Waghlana (modern-day
272:
235:
Berber confederation. This established the Banu
Khazrun dynasty that lasted up to the mid-12th century.
242:, the Zirid emir, and sought outside help from the Fatimid caliphs themselves in Cairo and even from the
279:
to occupy the inland plains across the region, although Al-Muntasir still retained control of
Tripoli.
756:
480:
471:
243:
260:
722:
701:
418:
8:
239:
314:
728:
707:
676:
649:
619:
591:
528:
503:
436:
397:
353:
212:
144:
431:
247:
581:
426:
287:
51:
313:
Little is known about the history of the Banu
Khazrun after al-Muntasir. In 1143,
303:
488:
476:
251:
192:
37:
573:
745:
595:
484:
440:
323:
224:
131:
208:
310:. The Hammadid governor of Biskra later succeeded in having him killed.
586:
290:
kingdom to the west (in present-day Algeria). He occupied the towns of
276:
295:
299:
283:
232:
204:
188:
220:
326:
extended their influence to the coastal cities in this region.
307:
47:
393:
Excavations at Surt (Medinat Al-Sultan) Between 1977 and 1981
291:
216:
172:
61:
347:
250:. After his death in 1009, the Zirids were able to retake
645:
The Race for Paradise: An Islamic History of the Crusades
373:
371:
369:
541:
672:
Arabic Administration in Norman Sicily: The Royal Diwan
366:
553:
470:
743:
578:Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée
219:in the 970s, they left their territories in the
703:A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period
286:, an Arab tribe, on an expedition against the
215:. After the Fatimids moved their capital to
502:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1182â1183.
675:. Cambridge University Press. p. 34.
494:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
282:Sometime around 1075, al-Muntasir led the
727:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
706:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
699:
609:
607:
605:
585:
571:
430:
396:. Department of Antiquities. p. 17.
389:
377:
648:. Oxford University Press. p. 157.
223:under the control of their vassals, the
613:
522:
468:
416:
238:Fulful fought a protracted war against
203:During the 10th century, the region of
16:Former ruling dynasty in Tripoli, Libya
744:
602:
350:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
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668:
637:
635:
559:
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641:
516:
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450:
341:
13:
632:
14:
778:
565:
447:
383:
149:
124:
662:
572:Bramoullé, David (2016-06-01).
432:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.409
419:"Maghraoua - MaghrĂąwa (Tribu)"
410:
211:came under the control of the
1:
616:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
525:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
425:(in French) (30): 4486â4487.
329:
334:
7:
273:invasions of the Banu Hilal
10:
783:
693:
580:(in French) (139): 73â92.
417:Khelifa, A. (2010-12-29).
198:
752:History of Tripoli, Libya
700:Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987).
165:
103:
99:
89:
79:
75:
67:
57:
43:
33:
28:
21:
390:Fehérvåri, Géza (2002).
721:Brett, Michael (2017).
767:12th century in Africa
762:11th century in Africa
669:Johns, Jeremy (2002).
642:Cobb, Paul M. (2016).
91:âą Disestablished
187:were a family of the
44:Common languages
469:Lewicki, T. (1986).
423:Encyclopédie berbÚre
317:tried and failed to
550:, p. 128, 142.
261:al-Mu'izz ibn Badis
240:Badis ibn al-Mansur
195:from 1001 to 1146.
81:âą Established
724:The Fatimid Empire
587:10.4000/remmm.9445
315:Roger II of Sicily
682:978-1-139-44019-6
655:978-0-19-061446-1
509:978-90-04-07819-2
403:978-1-900971-00-3
298:, along with the
244:Andalusi Umayyads
213:Fatimid Caliphate
181:
180:
161:
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145:Kingdom of Africa
137:
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757:Berber dynasties
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231:tribe, from the
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19:
18:
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477:Bosworth, C. E.
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24:
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5:
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695:
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564:
562:, p. 174.
552:
540:
533:
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481:van Donzel, E.
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409:
402:
382:
378:Abun-Nasr 1987
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15:
9:
6:
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2:
779:
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734:9781474421522
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625:9789004161658
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534:9789004161658
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380:, p. 67.
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359:9789004161214
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225:Zirid dynasty
222:
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174:
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166:Today part of
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132:Zirid dynasty
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472:"MagÌČhÌČrÄwa"
422:
412:
392:
385:
349:
343:
312:
281:
269:
257:
237:
229:Banƫ Khazrƫn
228:
209:Tripolitania
202:
185:Banu Khazrun
184:
182:
114:Succeeded by
113:
108:
23:Banu Khazrun
489:Pellat, Ch.
191:that ruled
109:Preceded by
746:Categories
713:0521337674
560:Brett 2017
548:Brett 2017
330:References
277:Banu Hilal
618:. Brill.
596:0997-1327
527:. Brill.
498:Volume V:
485:Lewis, B.
441:1015-7344
352:. Brill.
335:Citations
296:al-Masila
58:Religion
29:1001â1146
500:KheâMahi
491:(eds.).
306:), near
288:Hammadid
284:Banu Adi
265:al-Zahir
233:Maghrawa
205:Ifriqiya
189:Maghrawa
694:Sources
324:Normans
252:Tripoli
248:CĂłrdoba
221:Maghreb
199:History
193:Tripoli
68:History
38:Tripoli
34:Capital
731:
710:
679:
652:
622:
594:
531:
506:
487:&
439:
400:
356:
308:Biskra
304:Ourlal
71:
52:Berber
48:Arabic
475:. In
300:M'zab
292:Ashir
217:Cairo
173:Libya
62:Islam
729:ISBN
708:ISBN
677:ISBN
650:ISBN
620:ISBN
592:ISSN
529:ISBN
504:ISBN
437:ISSN
398:ISBN
354:ISBN
319:take
294:and
207:and
183:The
95:1146
85:1001
582:doi
427:doi
246:in
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628:.
598:.
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362:.
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