25:
1420:
roots, which may then be borrowed into a
Romance language or Modern Greek. Latin is sufficiently widespread that Latinate terms coined in a non-Romance language (such as English or German) and then borrowed by a Romance language (such as French or Spanish) are not conspicuous, but modern coinages on
1453:, then borrowed into modern Chinese (and often Korean) with corresponding pronunciation; from the mid 20th century such borrowings are much rarer. Often these words could have been coined in Chinese, but happened to be coined first in Japanese; notable examples include
128:
In some cases the borrowing process can be more complicated and the words might move through different languages before coming back to the originating language. The single move from one language to the other is called "loan" (see
97:, where the reborrowed word exists alongside the original word, though in other cases the original word may have died out. Alternatively, a specific sense of a borrowed word can be reborrowed as a
84:
is the process where a word travels from one language to another and then back to the originating language in a different form or with a different meaning. A reborrowed word is sometimes called a
1408:
A similar process occurs when a word is coined in a language based on roots from another language, and then the compound is borrowed into this other language or a modern descendant. In
109:
in the sense of "digger, foot soldier, pedestrian", then acquired the sense of "early colonist, innovator" in
English, which was reborrowed into French. In other cases the term may be
1432:
This process is particularly conspicuous in
Chinese and Japanese, where in the late 19th and early 20th century many terms were coined in
1426:
133:). Reborrowing is the result of more than one loan, when the final recipient language is the same as the originating one.
1693:
1660:
1621:
68:
50:
1735:
Chung, Karen
Steffen (2001). "Some Returned Loans: Japanese Loanwords in Taiwan Mandarin". In McAuley, T. E (ed.).
1755:
35:
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94:
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805:
1421:
Ancient Greek roots borrowed into Modern Greek are, and include terms such as τηλεγράφημα
8:
1548:
textile industry for a model of a human figure on which clothing was created or displayed
1102:
164:
1545:
1413:
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106:
98:
1599:
by Philip Durkin, 5. Lexical borrowing, 5.1 Basic concepts and terminology,
1509:
1489:
1145:
544:
1718:
1697:
1439:
259:
1574:) and usually abbreviated to プロレス in a manner quite common in Japanese.
1504:
535:
297:
1561:) and usually abbreviated to アニメ in a manner quite common in Japanese.
1078:
1032:
658:
289:
1109:
53:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1499:
1484:
746:
130:
1066:
1028:
842:
1353:
1285:
1221:
1000:
210:
110:
693:
621:
242:
1681:
1651:
De Vries, Jan W.; Willemyns, Roland; Burger, Peter (2003),
1436:(historically terms had often passed via Korea), known as
1631:
fekk vi på slutten av 1700-tallet fra
England. Men ordet
1650:
1655:(6th ed.), Amsterdam: Prometheus, p. 248,
1570:
Borrowed from
English directly as プロフェッショナル・レスリング (
113:(loan translated) at some stage, such as English
1747:
1616:. Oslo: Cappelen akademisk forlag. p. 84.
1592:
1590:
1437:
1614:Lånte fjører eller bunad? Om importord i norsk
1466:
1455:
1446:
993:
941:
885:
645:(news, gossip, fun, entertainment, happenings)
1587:
1557:Borrowed from English directly as アニメーション (
1730:
1728:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1612:Sandøy, Helge (2000). "3.9 "Gjenbruk"".
1725:
1403:
1748:
1611:
16:Loanword returned to original language
1739:. Psychology Press. pp. 161–163.
1734:
18:
786:(result; purpose; serious business)
13:
14:
1777:
751:(Japanese professional wrestling)
23:
1711:
1686:
1668:
1644:
1605:
1597:The Oxford Guide to Etymology,
1564:
1551:
1538:
1522:
1451:, Japanese-made Chinese-words)
1:
1581:
1737:Language change in East Asia
1071:(table sauce/tomato ketchup)
7:
1694:"Yiddish Dictionary Online"
1478:
1438:
1412:this primarily occurs with
1379:
1352:
1329:
1307:
1284:
1267:
1251:
1232:
1213:
1186:
1172:
1155:
1137:
1120:
1101:
1077:
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1027:
1009:
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957:
934:
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863:
850:
834:
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792:
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756:
738:
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703:
685:
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595:
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509:
492:
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458:
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343:
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218:
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188:
171:
157:
143:
136:
49:the claims made and adding
10:
1782:
1328:
1266:
1212:
1154:
1100:
1026:
980:(A lost way of tea making)
970:
914:
862:
816:
755:
702:
649:
594:
542:
491:
440:
393:
342:
233:
187:
93:The result is generally a
1544:figuratively used in the
1467:
1456:
1447:
1434:Japanese on Chinese roots
1166:(bergamot, "lord's pear")
1084:
1038:
1016:
994:
942:
886:
183:("association of people")
1653:Het verhaal van een taal
1572:purofesshonaru resuringu
1515:
1425:('telegram'). These are
90:(German, a 'returner').
1346:; 'flute leg', giraffe)
1022:(Japanese style matcha)
101:; for example, English
1756:Historical linguistics
1635:kjem frå det nordiske
712:professional wrestling
1416:, formed on Latin or
1301:; geometer, engineer)
1052:; type of fish sauce)
1404:Reborrowed morphemes
698:(Japanese animation)
1414:classical compounds
1245:; label, price tag)
1131:(country, division)
557:("to gasp/bite at")
1682:www.etymonline.com
872:(dynastic changes)
405:(bulwark, bastion)
105:was borrowed from
34:possibly contains
1401:
1400:
121:(1951) → English
79:
78:
71:
36:original research
1773:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1696:. Archived from
1690:
1684:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:for 1000 år sia.
1609:
1603:
1594:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1526:
1495:Language contact
1475:('revolution').
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:('culture') and
1460:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1397:
1374:
1347:
1325:
1302:
1279:
1278:(to plan, allot)
1263:
1246:
1227:
1167:
1151:
1132:
1115:
1114:(share, portion)
1095:
1088:
1072:
1053:
1042:
1023:
1020:
1004:
997:
996:
981:
967:
952:
945:
944:
929:
911:
896:
889:
888:
873:
829:
813:
806:matter-of-factly
803:
787:
785:
769:
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752:
733:
699:
680:
646:
628:
608:
591:
590:
558:
556:
539:
504:
488:
453:
437:
436:("broad avenue")
406:
390:
370:cinéma(tographe)
357:
230:
184:
141:
140:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
51:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
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1595:
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1579:
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1569:
1565:
1556:
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1539:
1529:Imperative form
1527:
1523:
1518:
1481:
1465:
1454:
1444:
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1391:
1364:
1341:
1319:
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979:
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553:
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502:
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384:
351:
228:
182:
139:
75:
64:
58:
55:
40:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1761:Types of words
1758:
1743:
1742:
1724:
1710:
1685:
1667:
1661:
1643:
1622:
1604:
1585:
1583:
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1507:
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1402:
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1348:
1334:
1327:
1326:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1272:
1269:Middle Persian
1265:
1264:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1226:(royal decree)
1218:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1196:
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1005:
991:
985:
982:
976:
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968:
962:
956:
953:
939:
933:
930:
926:Gonghe Regency
920:
913:
912:
906:
900:
897:
883:
877:
874:
868:
861:
860:
855:
849:
846:
839:
833:
830:
828:(thunderstorm)
822:
815:
814:
797:
791:
788:
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497:
490:
489:
477:
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468:
463:
457:
454:
452:("little man")
446:
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31:
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15:
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1729:
1720:
1714:
1700:on 2006-02-02
1699:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:Etymology of
1671:
1664:
1662:90-5333-423-8
1658:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1638:
1634:
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1625:
1623:82-02-19684-1
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1476:
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1463:
1442:
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1428:
1424:
1419:
1418:Ancient Greek
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1411:
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1216:
1215:Middle Mongol
1209:
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963:
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931:
927:
921:
918:
907:
904:
898:
895:; revolution)
894:
884:
881:
875:
869:
866:
859:
856:
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831:
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795:
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610:
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546:
537:
532:
529:
526:
520:
518:
515:
512:
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501:
498:
495:
486:
485:catwalk model
481:
478:
475:
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461:
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447:
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434:
431:
428:
422:
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403:
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373:
371:
368:
365:
359:
355:
350:κίνημα
349:
346:
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330:
327:
321:
319:
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168:
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163:
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154:
152:
149:
146:
142:
134:
132:
126:
124:
123:prêt-à-porter
120:
119:prêt-à-porter
116:
115:ready-to-wear
112:
108:
107:Middle French
104:
100:
99:semantic loan
96:
91:
89:
88:
83:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
1766:Word coinage
1736:
1713:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:the original
1688:
1676:
1670:
1652:
1646:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1607:
1596:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1553:
1540:
1535:, "to hold".
1532:
1531:of the verb
1524:
1510:Word coinage
1490:Inkhorn term
1472:
1461:
1431:
1422:
1407:
1393:
1386:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1343:
1336:
1321:
1314:
1298:
1291:
1274:
1258:
1242:
1220:
1207:
1193:
1179:
1162:
1144:
1127:
1108:
1091:
1065:
1049:
1045:
948:
910:(revolution)
892:
857:
841:
824:
810:cut the crap
745:
729:
710:
692:
676:
657:
640:
620:
602:
584:
570:
550:
545:Middle Dutch
530:
516:
499:
479:
465:
448:
432:
418:
401:
386:
369:
353:
288:
274:
258:
241:
225:
209:
195:
179:
172:
150:
127:
122:
118:
114:
102:
92:
87:Rückwanderer
86:
85:
81:
80:
65:
56:
33:
1601:pp. 212–215
1440:wasei kango
1427:very common
1423:tilegráfima
1324:; engineer)
1262:(price tag)
951:; republic)
804:(directly,
356:, movement)
260:riding coat
229:(the sport)
82:Reborrowing
1750:Categories
1704:2010-04-10
1677:"to snack"
1582:References
1505:Wanderwort
1396:; giraffe)
1373:; giraffe)
1180:bergamotto
1163:bey armudu
1103:Old Turkic
1094:; ketchup)
1092:ke4*2 zap1
966:(republic)
763:תַּכְלִית
536:web cookie
298:Old French
59:April 2010
43:improve it
1559:animēshon
1253:Mongolian
1194:bergamote
1122:Mongolian
1079:Cantonese
1046:kôe-chiap
1033:Cantonese
802:/ˈtaχles/
799:תַּכְלֶס
784:/ˈtaχləs/
768:(purpose)
766:/taχˈlit/
659:animation
589:/ˈsnɛkən/
555:/ˈsnɑkən/
480:mannequin
466:mannequin
433:boulevard
419:boulevard
389:, cinema)
290:redingote
275:redingote
174:Norwegian
145:Old Norse
117:→ French
47:verifying
1500:Loanword
1485:Gairaigo
1479:See also
1410:the West
1322:mohandes
1299:mohandis
1208:bergamot
1150:(nation)
1050:kê-chiap
988:Japanese
936:Japanese
880:Japanese
747:puroresu
730:puroresu
721:Japanese
668:Japanese
571:to snack
503:(cookie)
449:manneken
137:Examples
131:loanword
125:(1957).
1629:Klubben
1546:Flemish
1473:kakumei
1381:Persian
1344:zornāpā
1331:Persian
1309:Persian
1275:handaz-
1234:Russian
1202:Turkish
1174:Italian
1157:Turkish
1139:Turkish
1067:ketchup
1060:English
1029:Hokkien
1011:Chinese
973:Chinese
959:Chinese
917:Chinese
903:Chinese
893:kakumei
865:Chinese
858:tornado
852:Spanish
843:tornado
836:English
825:tronada
819:Spanish
776:Yiddish
740:English
705:English
687:English
652:English
635:English
597:English
585:snacken
565:English
551:snacken
547: :
511:English
402:bolwerk
383:σινεμά
312:English
283:English
253:English
204:English
159:English
111:calqued
103:pioneer
95:doublet
41:Please
1719:"百度汉语"
1659:
1637:klubba
1620:
1394:zarāfe
1371:zurāfa
1367:zarāfa
1354:Arabic
1338:زرناپا
1286:Arabic
1259:yarlyk
1243:yarlyk
1239:ярлык
1222:jarlig
1188:French
1001:matcha
794:Hebrew
781:תכלית
758:Hebrew
643:
625:
605:
531:cookie
517:cookie
500:koekje
460:French
413:French
387:sinemá
364:French
354:kínēma
326:French
304:bacoun
269:French
246:
236:French
226:tennis
220:French
211:tennis
190:French
151:klubba
1533:tenir
1516:Notes
1462:bunka
1388:زرافه
1361:زرافة
1316:مهندس
1293:مهندس
949:kyōwa
726:プロレス
694:anime
677:anime
641:craic
627:(fun)
622:craic
615:Irish
607:(fun)
603:crack
579:Dutch
525:Dutch
494:Dutch
474:Dutch
443:Dutch
427:Dutch
396:Dutch
378:Greek
345:Greek
332:bacon
318:bacon
243:cotte
196:tenez
180:klubb
1657:ISBN
1633:club
1618:ISBN
1448:和製漢語
1146:ulus
1128:ulus
1110:ülüş
673:アニメ
165:club
1680:at
1031:or
978:抹茶
964:共和
922:共和
908:革命
870:革命
45:by
1752::
1727:^
1626:.
1589:^
1468:革命
1457:文化
1429:.
1086:茄汁
1040:鮭汁
1018:抹茶
995:抹茶
943:共和
887:革命
808:,
538:")
534:("
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