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270:(litres/sec/metres²) which is assumed to be 0.0208. This gives a required discharge outfall capacity. (litres/sec) . Rainfall intensity, the amount of water likely to generated in a two-minute rainstorm is more important than average rainfall, the British Standards Institute notes that an indicative storm in Essex, (annual rainfall 500 mm per annum) delivers 0.022 L/s/m²- while one in Cumbria (annual rainfall 1800 mm per annum) delivers 0.014 L/s/m².
244:
715:
764:
1640:
28:
321:
367:(also called a leader or conductor), from the roof edge to the base of the building where it is either discharged or collected. The down pipe can terminate in a shoe and discharge directly onto the surface, but using modern construction techniques would be connected through an inspection chamber to a drain that led to a surface water drain or soakaway. Alternatively it would connect via a
672:
differential movement was found to open joints and allow damp to penetrate, but can be fitted with an aluminium and bitumastic liner. Finlock concrete gutter units are made up of two troughs – one is the visible gutter and the other sits across the cavity wall. The blocks which can range from 8 to 12 inches (200 to 300 mm) can be joined using
546:
plastic materials were introduced followed by PVC soil systems which became viable with the introduction of ring seals. A British
Standard was launched for soil systems, local authorities started to specify PVC systems. By 1970 plastic rainwater systems accounted for over 60% of new installations. A European Standard EN607 has existed since 2004.
208:
A roof must be designed with a suitable fall to allow the rainwater to discharge. The water drains into a gutter that is fed into a downpipe. A flat roof should have a watertight surface with a minimum finished fall of 1 in 80. They can drain internally or to an eaves gutter, which has a minimum 1 in
60:
is a component of a water discharge system for a building. It is necessary to prevent water dripping or flowing off roofs in an uncontrolled manner for several reasons: to prevent it damaging the walls, drenching persons standing below or entering the building, and to direct the water to a suitable
801:
Foam gutter guards are also easy to install. They fit into gutters, so they prevent large objects from obstructing waterflow, but they do not prevent algae and plant growth. A negative feature of foam type filters is that the pores quickly get clogged and thus need replacement due to not allowing
616:
guttering systems are available for homes and commercial projects. The advantages of stainless steel are durability, corrosion-resistance, ease of cleaning, and superior aesthetics. Compared with concrete or wood, a stainless steel gutter will undergo non-negligible cycles of thermal expansion and
503:
proposed a sewerage system for London, that prevented run-off being channelled into the Thames. By the 1870s all houses were constructed with cast iron gutters and down pipes. The
Victorian gutter was an ogee, 115 mm in width, that was fitted directly to the fascia boards eliminating the need
545:
sections. The first PVC pipes were introduced in the 1930s for use in sanitary drainage systems. Polyethylene was developed in 1933. The first pressurised plastic drinking water pipes were installed in the
Netherlands in the 1950s. During the 1960s rain water pipes, guttering and down pipes using
467:
had a deep semi-circular channel to remove the rainwater and grooves at the side to handle the condensation. They were under trussed with an iron plate and had preformed notches for the glazing bars: they drained into a wooden box gutter that drained into and through structural cast iron columns.
528:
gutters were introduced in the late 18th century as an alternative to lead. Cast iron enabled eaves gutters to be mass-produced: they were rigid and non-porous while lead could only be used as a liner within timber gutters. Installation was a single process and didn't require heat. They could be
412:
had external gutters. In March 1240 the Keeper of the Works at the Tower of London was ordered by King Henry "to have the Great Tower whitened both inside and out". This was according to the fashion at the time. Later that year the king wrote to the Keeper, commanding that the White Tower's lead
671:
Finlock gutters, a proprietary name for concrete gutters, can be employed on a large range of buildings. There were used on domestic properties in the 1950s and 1960s, as a replacement for cast iron gutters when there was a shortage of steel and surplus of concrete. They were discredited after
603:
0.06 mm/m°C, so design allowances have to be made. A 4-metre gutter, enduring a −5 °C to 25 °C temperature range will need space to expand, 30 × 4 × 0.06 = 7.2 mm within its end stops. As a rule of thumb a 4-inch (100 mm) gutter with a single 68-millimetre (2.7 in)
625:
Seamless gutters have the advantage of being produced on site with a portable roll forming machine to match the specifications of the structure and are generally installed by experienced tradesman. Seamless gutter is .027" thick and if properly installed will last 30+ years.
178:
Gutters prevent water ingress into the fabric of the building by channelling the rainwater away from the exterior of the walls and their foundations. Water running down the walls causes dampness in the affected rooms and provides a favourable environment for growth of
533:, but are usually replaced with cast aluminium made to the same profile. Extruded aluminium gutters can be made to a variety of profiles from a roll of aluminium sheet on site in lengths of up to 30 m. They feature internal brackets at 400 mm spacing.
754:
Today in
Western construction we use mainly three types of gutter - K-Style, round, and square. In days past there were 12 gutter shapes/styles. K-Style gets its name from its letter designation being the eleventh out of the twelve.
617:
contraction as the temperature changes; if allowance for this movement is not made during installation, there will be a potential for deformation of the gutter, which may lead to improper drainage of the gutter system.
209:
360 fall towards the downpipe. The pitch of a pitched roof is determined by the construction material of the covering. For slate this will be at 25%, for machine made tiles it will be 35%. Water falls towards a
808:
Screen gutter guards are among the most common and most effective. They can be snapped on or mounted, made of metal or plastic. Micromesh gutter guards provide the most protection from small and large debris.
61:
disposal site where it will not damage the foundations of the building. In the case of a flat roof, removal of water is essential to prevent water ingress and to prevent a build-up of excessive weight.
389:
Rain gutters can be equipped with gutter screens, micro mesh screens, louvers or solid hoods to allow water from the roof to flow through, while reducing passage of roof debris into the gutter.
483:
brought a method of distributing the heavy cast-iron items to building sites. The relocation into the cities created a demand for housing that needed to be compact. Dryer houses controlled
413:
guttering should be extended with the effect that "the wall of the tower ... newly whitened, may be in no danger of perishing or falling outwards through the trickling of the rain".
225:: the join is sealed with valley flashing. Parapet gutters and valley gutters discharge into internal rainwater pipes or directly into external down pipes at the end of the run.
786:) are primarily aimed at preventing damage caused from clogged gutters and reducing the need for regular gutter cleaning. They are a common add-on or included as an option for
392:
Clogged gutters can also cause water ingress into the building as the water backs up. Clogged gutters can also lead to stagnant water build up which in some climates allows
798:
Brush gutter guards resemble pipe cleaners and are easy to install. They prevent large debris from clogging gutters, but are less effective at reducing smaller debris.
231:
805:
Reverse curve or surface tension guards reduce clogged gutters by narrowing the opening of the gutters. Many find them to be unattractive and difficult to maintain.
512:
guttering became popular due to it being maintenance free: the disadvantages however ensured this was a short period: it was more bulky and fractured on impact.
463:
with its innovative ridge-and-furrow roof, the rafters that spanned the space between the roof girders of the glass roof also served as the gutters. The wooden
649:
gutters offer good corrosion resistance, are lightweight, and are easy to install. Additionally, aluminium gutters come in a variety of finishes and styles.
552:
599:
It is easy to install, economical, lightweight requires minimum maintenance and has a life expectancy of 50 years. The material has a disadvantageous
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1709:
1604:
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1744:
1609:
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The capacity of the gutter is a significant design consideration. The area of the roof is calculated (metres) and this is multiplied by
1754:
1452:
255:
404:
The Romans brought rainwater systems to
Britain. The technology was subsequently lost, but was re-introduced by the Normans. The
204:
Wall integral structure beneath the roof edge, traditionally constructed of masonry, fashioned as the crowning element of a wall.
934:
Sturgis' Illustrated
Dictionary of Architecture and Building: An Unabridged Reprint of the 1901-2 Edition, Vol. II: F-N, p.340,
638:
coated mild steel for corrosion resistance. Metal gutters with bead stiffened fronts is governed in the UK by BS EN612:2005.
201:
Discrete trough of metal, or other material that is suspended beyond the roof edge and below the projected slope of the roof.
588:
1318:
1290:
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831:
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Guttering can be made from any locally available material such as stone or wood. Porous materials may be lined with
424:
erected buildings with large overhanging roofs to throw the water clear of the walls in the same way that occurs in
812:
PVC type gutter guards are a less costly option, however, they tend to quickly become brittle due to sun exposure.
600:
702:
134:
was a popular liner and is still used in pitched valley gutters. Many materials have been used to make guttering:
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that could be used for secular building. The yeoman would use wooden gutters or lead lined wooden gutters.
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Roof integral trough along the lower edge of the roof slope which is fashioned from the roof covering and
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19:
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attached directly to the fascia board. Cast iron gutters are still specified for restoration work in
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23:
Lead guttering: slate and pitched valley gutter flow into parapet gutter, with downpipe and overflow
243:
64:
Water from a pitched roof flows down into a valley gutter, a parapet gutter or an eaves gutter. An
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for brackets. Square and half-round profiles were also available. For a brief period after the
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A parapet gutter at the base of a sloping roof and a parapet wall, outflowing to a downpipe
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A Dictionary of
Architecture and Building: Biographical, Historical, and Descriptive
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with 50 mm water seal to a combined drain. Water from rain gutters may be
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Guttering in its earliest form consisted of lined wooden or stone troughs.
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1285:(7th ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 323.
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The
Crystal palace, its architectural history and constructive marvels
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In commercial and domestic architecture, guttering is often made from
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A collector with 112 mm gutter, draining into 68 mm downpipe
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Eaves gutters can be made from a variety of materials such as
27:
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221:. When two pitched roofs meet at an angle, they also form a
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In UK domestic architecture, guttering is often made from
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1033:"Architectural Graphic Standards," First Edition, 1932,
604:
downpipe will drain a 600-square-foot (56 m) roof.
440:- those buildings were recycled and there was plenty of
1313:(Revised ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 144.
956:
363:
Water collected by a rain gutter is fed, usually via a
1235:
1223:
1069:
992:
1386:
The Tower of London: The
Official Illustrated History
1116:
Rainwater
Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply
1081:
971:
944:
916:
858:
1453:
An Illustrated glossary of roofs and roofing terms.
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261:
A valley gutter between two parallel roof surfaces.
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451:Cross section of a Paxton gutter with glazing bar
1822:
1311:Inspections and Reports on Dwellings: Inspecting
1138:"Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus in Delaware",
1055:. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. p. 209.
1483:
1463:Tutorial on installing metal sheet guttering
1378:
1162:
1150:
1144:
1410:Level 2 NVQ diploma in plumbing and heating
305:(and other plastics) and occasionally from
1490:
1476:
1265:
1390:, Merrell Publishers in association with
1268:"How to choose the best aluminum gutters"
1041:, p. 77, 'Parts of a gutter' illustration
793:
1458:Tutorial on installing plastic guttering
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39:Decorative lead hopper head dated 1662,
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26:
18:
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1163:Berlyn, Peter; Fowler, Charles (1851).
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16:Component of a water discharge system
1426:
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1191:
1336:"Gutter Screens – Fact or Fiction?"
1113:
1053:A Visual Dictionary of Architecture
708:Wooden gutter at an open air museum
620:
594:Fitting a gutter to a 45° connector
13:
666:
607:
582:Available pipe and gutter fittings
428:. The cathedral builder used lead
14:
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1093:Texas A&M AgriLife Extension
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601:coefficient of thermal expansion
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58:surface water collection channel
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1169:. London, J. Gilbert. pp.
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1011:Hardy, Benjamin (9 July 2013).
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436:for the same purpose. With the
1362:Building construction handbook
928:
901:
884:
870:
438:dissolution of the monasteries
173:
1:
1412:. London: City & Guilds.
1051:Ching, Francis D. K. (1995).
852:
720:Wood used on a stone building
674:reinforcing rods and concrete
127:(noun), meaning "a droplet".
1382:; Parnell, Geoffrey (2000),
1210:www.buildingconservation.com
910:New Compact Latin dictionary
641:
520:
7:
1408:Maskrey, Michael B (2012).
815:
661:Aluminium gutters in Moscow
10:
1862:
878:Collins English Dictionary
475:introduced new methods of
399:
146:(PVCu), cast and extruded
1647:
1636:
1505:
1497:
1429:The New home owner manual
1118:. Springer. p. 264.
891:Sturgis, Russell (1901).
749:
744:Stone gutters in Slovenia
570:Available gutter fittings
328: a: Rainwater gutter
249:A simpler parapet gutter.
31:Eaves gutter and downpipe
1151:Impey & Parnell 2000
897:. The Macmillan Company.
732:Stone gutter in Burgundy
515:
459:was designed in 1851 by
190:A rain gutter may be a:
54:eavestrough, eaves-shoot
802:water to pass through.
680:for doors and windows.
629:
536:
1836:Architectural elements
1392:Historic Royal Palaces
1309:Santo, Philip (2016).
1281:Glover, Peter (2009).
1206:"A Cast Iron Solution"
1089:"Rainwater Harvesting"
832:Copper in architecture
794:Types of gutter guards
768:
452:
360:
43:
32:
24:
1841:Stormwater management
1655:Air conditioning unit
1364:. London: Heinemann.
766:
473:Industrial Revolution
450:
323:
223:pitched valley gutter
38:
30:
22:
1360:Chudley, R. (1988).
684:Vernacular buildings
68:is also known as an
1114:Zhu, Qiang (2015).
822:Sima (architecture)
123:derives from Latin
1431:. London: Hamlyn.
788:custom-built homes
769:
531:conservation areas
457:The Crystal Palace
453:
361:
346: d: 112° bend
44:
33:
25:
1818:
1817:
1140:dema.delaware.gov
989:BS EN 2056-3:2000
968:, pp. 476–7.
780:gutter protection
501:Joseph Bazalgette
432:, with elaborate
426:thatched cottages
358: g: Manifold
352: f: Downpipe
1853:
1642:
1580:Half-hipped roof
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1427:Hall, E (1982).
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621:Seamless gutters
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510:asbestos-cement
506:first world war
430:parapet gutters
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340: c: Hopper
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115:or simply as a
72:(especially in
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1765:Roof sheeting
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1720:Lightning rod
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1648:Roof elements
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1620:Sawtooth roof
1618:
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1600:Pavilion roof
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1401:1-85894-106-7
1397:
1393:
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1380:Impey, Edward
1377:
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1338:. NED Stevens
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1204:Trace, Paul.
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1062:0-442-02462-2
1058:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1039:0-471-51940-5
1036:
1030:
1014:
1013:"Gutters 101"
1007:
1000:
995:
986:
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967:
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940:0-486-26026-7
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776:gutter covers
774:(also called
773:
772:Gutter guards
767:Gutter guards
765:
759:Gutter guards
756:
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612:High quality
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461:Joseph Paxton
458:
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215:valley gutter
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62:
59:
55:
51:
46:
42:
41:Durham Castle
37:
29:
21:
1795:Solar panels
1710:Hanging beam
1704:
1605:Rhombic roof
1595:Mansard roof
1575:Gambrel roof
1550:Conical roof
1428:
1409:
1385:
1361:
1354:Bibliography
1340:. Retrieved
1329:
1310:
1282:
1276:
1261:
1249:
1242:Maskrey 2012
1237:
1230:Maskrey 2012
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1165:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1115:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1092:
1083:
1076:Chudley 1988
1071:
1052:
1046:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1006:
999:Maskrey 2012
994:
985:
978:Maskrey 2012
973:
966:Chudley 1988
951:Chudley 1988
946:
930:
923:Maskrey 2012
918:
909:
903:
893:
886:
876:
872:
865:Chudley 1988
860:
847:French drain
811:
807:
804:
800:
797:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:
753:
687:
670:
645:
633:
624:
611:
598:
540:
524:
477:casting-iron
470:
454:
415:
403:
391:
388:
362:
272:
265:
222:
219:eaves gutter
218:
214:
210:
207:
189:
177:
129:
124:
120:
116:
113:rainspouting
112:
108:
104:
101:
93:
85:
77:
69:
66:eaves gutter
65:
63:
57:
53:
49:
47:
45:
1805:Weathervane
1780:Roof window
1750:Roof garden
1745:Roof batten
1675:Collar beam
1630:Tented roof
1615:Saddle roof
1610:Ridged roof
1570:Gablet roof
1530:Bochka roof
1520:Barrel roof
1515:Arched roof
1507:Roof shapes
1215:27 December
1177:27 December
784:leaf guards
495:as well as
420:times, the
406:White Tower
380:rain barrel
369:storm drain
187:in timber.
174:Description
119:. The word
94:eaves-shoot
82:New Zealand
70:eavestrough
50:rain gutter
1825:Categories
1810:Wind brace
1775:Roof truss
1770:Roof tiles
1760:Roof ridge
1740:Ridge vent
1700:Green roof
1590:Onion dome
1565:Gable roof
1545:Clerestory
1525:Board roof
1438:0600349918
1371:0434902365
1342:10 January
1015:. Bob Vila
912:. Cassell.
853:References
842:Rain chain
676:, to form
499:. In 1849
489:bronchitis
396:to breed.
394:mosquitoes
297:, painted
287:galvanised
198:materials.
1625:Shed roof
1560:Flat roof
1254:Hall 1982
1192:Hall 1982
1019:21 August
827:Chantlate
647:Aluminium
642:Aluminium
526:Cast iron
521:Cast iron
497:pneumonia
493:emphysema
434:gargoyles
408:, at the
376:harvested
299:aluminium
275:cast iron
148:aluminium
136:cast iron
109:guttering
1785:Skylight
1755:Roofline
1690:Flashing
1665:Catslide
1585:Hip roof
1535:Bow roof
816:See also
481:railways
479:and the
372:(u-bend)
365:downpipe
307:concrete
268:rainfall
196:flashing
105:dripster
90:Scotland
78:spouting
1670:Chimney
1099:29 June
881:. 1979.
837:Cornice
694:bitumen
678:lintels
400:History
384:cistern
185:wet rot
98:Ireland
1790:Soffit
1735:Rafter
1730:Purlin
1705:Gutter
1680:Dormer
1435:
1416:
1398:
1368:
1317:
1289:
1122:
1059:
1037:
938:
750:Shapes
485:asthma
422:thanes
356:
350:
344:
338:
332:
326:
313:, and
295:copper
217:or an
183:, and
168:bamboo
166:, and
160:copper
121:gutter
117:gutter
74:Canada
1831:Roofs
1800:Spire
1715:Joist
1695:Gable
1685:Eaves
1660:Attic
1499:Roofs
690:pitch
516:Types
455:When
418:Saxon
382:or a
378:in a
311:stone
291:steel
181:mould
125:gutta
86:rhone
1846:Rain
1725:Loft
1555:Dome
1433:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1344:2018
1315:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1217:2016
1179:2016
1120:ISBN
1101:2016
1057:ISBN
1035:ISBN
1021:2014
936:ISBN
636:zinc
630:Zinc
543:UPVC
537:UPVC
471:The
442:lead
315:wood
283:zinc
279:lead
213:, a
164:zinc
156:wood
144:UPVC
132:Lead
1173:–50
782:or
692:or
416:In
303:PVC
92:),
84:,
80:in
76:),
56:or
1827::
1394:,
1301:^
1208:.
1171:40
1091:.
958:^
790:.
778:,
696:.
508:,
491:,
487:,
386:.
317:.
309:,
301:,
293:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
170:.
162:,
158:,
154:,
150:,
142:,
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100:)
52:,
48:A
1491:e
1484:t
1477:v
1441:.
1422:.
1374:.
1346:.
1323:.
1295:.
1270:.
1219:.
1181:.
1128:.
1103:.
1065:.
1023:.
96:(
88:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
