1535:
136:, performed as a spacecraft is occulted by a planetary body. As the spacecraft moves behind the planet, its radio signals cuts through successively deeper layers of the planetary atmosphere. Measurements of
1587:
276:
S-band transmitter is used for radio science experiments. The transmitter receives signal from the RFS, amplifies and multiplies the signal, sending a 2290 MHz signal to the antenna.
1846:
266:
Ka-band translator (KAT) receives signal from a high gain antenna and retransmits the signal back to DSN. In this way the phase and phase-shift resulting from signal modification
414:
914:
374:
287:
to be emitted, there is a polarizing element. There are two-bypass filters and a wave-guide. The bypass filters allow different feed polarizations, receiving and transmitting.
1888:
1655:
732:
1428:
1086:
367:
1576:
1325:
1271:
943:
682:
307:
147:
coherently derived from a common source to measure the dispersion of the propagation medium. This is especially useful in determining the free
991:
360:
1276:
727:
2014:
1963:
225:
803:
513:
2049:
1074:
1030:
833:
1467:
909:
707:
702:
1659:
1385:
1381:
918:
737:
343:
2165:
1296:
1291:
828:
1330:
958:
938:
712:
140:
and polarization vs time can yield data on the composition and temperature of the atmosphere at different altitudes.
2090:
953:
808:
722:
72:
2196:
2134:
813:
496:
2020:
1353:
2080:
1850:
1443:
1191:
1068:
1005:
928:
798:
1256:
1011:
868:
1953:
1337:
1242:
2191:
1317:
304:
2160:
1525:
352:
2155:
1414:
1057:
986:
83:
64:
are accurately known to the receiver, any changes to these parameters are attributable to the
2170:
1670:
1389:
1281:
605:
524:
483:
409:
403:
49:
1984:
1894:
1399:
1138:
881:
655:
507:
8:
2095:
1970:
1841:
1800:
1702:
1643:
580:
490:
396:
249:
206:
160:
1783:
1685:
1539:
1510:
239:
1999:
1648:
976:
922:
873:
752:
745:
133:
76:
65:
60:, receives such a signal from ground stations, or both. Since the transmitted signal
1909:
670:
328:
219:
1768:
1448:
1364:
1096:
856:
850:
550:
311:
260:
256:
171:
144:
137:
1393:
1118:
1113:
776:
759:
464:
57:
332:
2185:
1946:
1878:
1753:
1477:
1359:
616:
182:
110:
98:
33:
2111:
1937:
1873:
1561:
1472:
1404:
566:
199:
45:
118:
71:
The RSS is usually not a separate instrument; its functions are usually "
325:
The Radio
Frequency Subsystem and Radio Science on the MESSENGER Mission
1746:
1733:
1623:
1616:
1482:
1454:
1131:
1124:
1102:
1024:
793:
676:
646:
599:
592:
560:
122:
114:
80:
68:
medium or to the relative motion of the spacecraft and ground station.
53:
29:
125:
the transmitted signal frequency to a rational multiple of a received
2139:
1977:
1883:
1739:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1637:
1630:
1495:
1488:
1461:
1370:
1286:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1034:
862:
635:
628:
586:
573:
555:
545:
540:
535:
530:
459:
454:
449:
305:
Cassini-Huygens: Spacecraft-Instruments-Radio
Science Subsystem (RSS)
284:
280:
270:
252:
212:
195:
177:
165:
61:
25:
382:
2063:
2056:
1925:
1581:
1144:
964:
689:
622:
610:
444:
439:
434:
148:
1855:
1592:
1202:
1108:
1091:
1078:
1064:
1038:
947:
933:
782:
717:
246:
2085:
1713:
1708:
1610:
1409:
1017:
998:
788:
741:
696:
518:
429:
424:
419:
126:
106:
323:
Srinivasan DK, Perry ME, Fielhauer KB, Smith DE and Zuber MT.
1376:
1312:
818:
94:
79:
subsystem. More advanced systems use multiple antennas with
1197:
823:
501:
102:
117:
on the spacecraft, or more commonly a "2-way coherent"
129:
signal that usually also carries spacecraft commands.
56:. The spacecraft transmits a highly stable signal to
2183:
383:Science instruments on satellites and spacecraft
132:Another common radio science observation is in
368:
255:(K-TWTA) amplifies signals to a transmitting
375:
361:
344:Instruments - RSS: Radio Science Subsystem
327:. 2007. Space Science Reviews 131 :557-571
97:science is commonly used to determine the
215:that do not have satellites of their own.
654:
242:(DSN) of receivers and/or transmitters.
154:
2184:
39:
356:
279:Filter microwave emitter allow only
2166:Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter
151:content of a planetary ionosphere.
13:
269:Ka-band exciter (KEX) it supplies
143:It is also common to use multiple
14:
2208:
232:
113:. This requires a highly stable
2135:International Lunar Observatory
946:(TRMM, Terra, Aura, Suomi NPP,
314:Ulysess - European Space Agency
89:
337:
317:
298:
1:
2081:High Resolution Stereo Camera
291:
218:To estimate particle size of
211:Estimate masses of celestial
188:
7:
1012:Radiation Budget Instrument
259:to be received by a distal
10:
2213:
1338:Infrared Space Observatory
2148:
2125:
2104:
2073:
2042:
2007:
1998:
1918:
1908:
1866:
1834:
1827:
1818:
1792:
1776:
1767:
1694:
1678:
1669:
1603:
1569:
1560:
1518:
1509:
1436:
1427:
1305:
1264:
1255:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1183:
1176:
1048:
902:
895:
842:
663:
645:
473:
388:
333:10.1007/s11214-007-9270-7
194:Determine composition of
2161:Inertial Stellar Compass
1526:Raman Laser Spectrometer
2156:Deep Space Atomic Clock
1415:Venus Emissivity Mapper
18:radio science subsystem
2197:Spacecraft instruments
224:Estimate densities of
2171:Plasma Wave Subsystem
1282:Multispectral Scanner
606:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
410:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
198:such as atmospheres,
1139:Mars Climate Orbiter
781:RM-08 and MTVZA-OK (
346:Cassini-Huygens, ESA
207:gravitational fields
155:Spacecraft using RSS
52:such as a planetary
2096:Mars Orbiter Camera
250:traveling wave tube
168:, 4,5,6,7,9, and 10
40:Function of the RSS
2074:Imagers/telescopes
1222:Spectrophotometers
310:2008-06-17 at the
240:deep space network
77:telecommunications
75:" on the existing
28:placed on board a
2179:
2178:
2116:Rosalind Franklin
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2025:Rosalind Franklin
2000:Mass spectrometer
1994:
1993:
1930:Rosalind Franklin
1904:
1903:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1763:
1762:
1671:Triaxial fluxgate
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1530:Rosalind Franklin
1505:
1504:
1429:UV-visible (UVVS)
1423:
1422:
1319:Rosalind Franklin
1257:Visible-IR (VIRS)
1251:
1250:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1172:
1171:
891:
890:
703:DMSP 5D-2/F13-F15
145:radio frequencies
134:radio occultation
2204:
2192:Embedded systems
2017:(Europa Clipper)
2005:
2004:
1966:(on ExoMars TGO)
1916:
1915:
1910:Neutral particle
1832:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1774:
1773:
1676:
1675:
1662:(Europa Clipper)
1567:
1566:
1516:
1515:
1434:
1433:
1262:
1261:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1181:
1180:
1177:Ultraviolet (UV)
900:
899:
896:Infrared-visible
661:
660:
652:
651:
377:
370:
363:
354:
353:
347:
341:
335:
321:
315:
302:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2144:
2127:
2121:
2100:
2069:
2030:
1990:
1900:
1862:
1820:
1806:
1801:Cassini–Huygens
1788:
1759:
1703:Cassini–Huygens
1690:
1665:
1599:
1548:
1501:
1449:Mariner 6 and 7
1419:
1365:Mariner 6 and 7
1301:
1247:
1229:Long wavelength
1209:
1168:
1097:Mariner 6 and 7
1044:
973:MESSR and VTIR
887:
857:Electra (radio)
851:Cassini-Huygens
838:
641:
491:Cassini–Huygens
469:
397:Cassini–Huygens
384:
381:
351:
350:
342:
338:
322:
318:
312:Wayback Machine
303:
299:
294:
261:radio telescope
235:
220:particle fields
191:
161:Cassini–Huygens
157:
138:signal strength
92:
58:ground stations
42:
12:
11:
5:
2210:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
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2143:
2142:
2137:
2131:
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2119:
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2077:
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2060:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2011:
2009:
2008:Interplanetary
2002:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1961:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1922:
1920:
1919:Interplanetary
1913:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1867:Interplanetary
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1794:
1793:Interplanetary
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1696:
1695:Interplanetary
1692:
1691:
1689:
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1680:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1604:Interplanetary
1601:
1600:
1598:
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1596:
1595:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
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1549:
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1546:
1533:
1522:
1520:
1519:Interplanetary
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1437:Interplanetary
1431:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1394:Europa Clipper
1379:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1306:Interplanetary
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1236:Interplanetary
1230:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1049:Interplanetary
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1002:
995:
989:
984:
983:
982:
979:
971:
968:
961:
956:
951:
941:
936:
931:
926:
912:
906:
904:
897:
893:
892:
889:
888:
886:
885:
878:
866:
859:
854:
846:
844:
843:Interplanetary
840:
839:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
779:
774:
773:
772:
769:
763:
756:
749:
735:
730:
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686:
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673:
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632:
625:
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613:
608:
603:
596:
589:
584:
577:
570:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
521:
516:
511:
504:
502:ExoMars lander
499:
494:
487:
479:
477:
471:
470:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
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412:
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390:
386:
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372:
365:
357:
349:
348:
336:
316:
296:
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288:
277:
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264:
243:
234:
233:Specifications
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209:
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169:
163:
156:
153:
91:
88:
41:
38:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2209:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:Venus Express
1944:ASPERA-4 (on
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:ASPERA-3 (on
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:Ion detectors
1826:
1823:
1817:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1755:
1754:Venus Express
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1574:
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1563:
1559:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
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1517:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
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1345:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
994:(Terra, Aqua)
993:
990:
988:
985:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
969:
966:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
949:
945:
942:
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937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
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920:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
905:
901:
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894:
884:
883:
879:
876:
875:
870:
867:
865:
864:
860:
858:
855:
853:
852:
848:
847:
845:
841:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
784:
780:
778:
775:
770:
767:
766:
764:
761:
757:
754:
750:
747:
743:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
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708:DMSP 5D-2/F16
706:
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475:Radio science
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205:Characterize
204:
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200:solar coronas
197:
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183:Venus Express
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111:Doppler shift
109:by observing
108:
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100:
99:gravity field
96:
87:
85:
84:polarizations
82:
78:
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:radio signals
44:The RSS uses
37:
35:
34:radio science
31:
27:
23:
19:
2126:Astronomical
2115:
2112:MicrOmega-IR
2062:
2055:
2052:(on InSight)
2043:Seismometers
2024:
1983:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1938:Mars Express
1936:
1929:
1893:
1799:
1769:Helium vapor
1752:
1745:
1738:
1701:
1647:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1562:Magnetometer
1541:Perseverance
1540:
1529:
1494:
1487:
1460:
1453:
1369:
1347:
1343:
1318:
1161:
1154:
1130:
1123:
1101:
1058:Schiaparelli
1056:
1055:COMARS+ (on
970:Kanopus-V-IK
880:
872:
861:
849:
634:
627:
615:
598:
591:
579:
572:
567:Mars Express
565:
523:
506:
489:
482:
474:
402:
395:
339:
324:
319:
300:
142:
131:
93:
90:Applications
70:
43:
21:
17:
15:
2128:instruments
2105:Microscopes
771:Meteor-M2-1
760:Meteor-3M-1
283:of a given
123:phase locks
119:transponder
73:piggybacked
66:propagation
48:to probe a
36:purposes.
2186:Categories
1835:Near-Earth
1777:Near-Earth
1747:Pioneer 11
1679:Near-Earth
1617:Pioneer 10
1570:Near-Earth
1455:Mariner 10
1265:Near-Earth
1184:Near-Earth
1137:PMIRR (on
1125:Pioneer 10
1103:Mariner 10
1025:Sentinel-3
903:Near-Earth
794:Sentinel-3
765:MTVZA-GYa
728:Kanopus-ST
677:Sentinel-6
664:Near-Earth
647:Radiometer
497:Europa-UVS
292:References
281:microwaves
226:ion fields
213:satellites
196:gas clouds
115:oscillator
81:orthogonal
62:parameters
54:atmosphere
30:spacecraft
2140:MoonLIGHT
1978:Mariner 2
1958:Curiosity
1884:Mariner 2
1821:detectors
1740:MESSENGER
1719:Mariner 2
1631:Voyager 1
1489:Voyager 1
1462:MESSENGER
1371:MESSENGER
1356:(on Juno)
1344:Voyager 1
1287:SCIAMACHY
1156:Voyager 1
1119:2M No.522
1114:2M No.521
1035:Suomi NPP
863:Mariner 2
768:Meteor-M2
755:, MOS-1b)
656:Microwave
629:Voyager 1
587:Pioneer 7
574:MESSENGER
531:Mariner 2
285:frequency
271:telemetry
253:amplifier
189:Functions
178:MESSENGER
166:Mariner 2
26:subsystem
2057:Viking 1
1976:SPS (on
1926:ADRON-RM
1912:detector
1879:ASPERA-4
1874:ASPERA-3
1819:Particle
1582:QuakeSat
1382:E-THEMIS
1145:Venera 9
987:Meteor-2
965:ADEOS II
777:Nimbus 7
723:GPM Core
690:ADEOS II
623:Venera 9
611:Sakigake
525:Magellan
484:Akatsuki
435:Venera 4
404:Magellan
308:Archived
238:Given a
149:electron
1985:Ulysses
1895:Ulysses
1856:Proba-2
1842:DEMETER
1593:Proba-2
1584:1 and 2
1536:SHERLOC
1326:MA-MISS
1203:Proba-2
1109:Mars 96
1092:Luna 13
1079:InSight
1065:Diviner
1039:NOAA-21
1023:SLSTR (
948:NOAA-20
939:AVNIR-2
882:Rosetta
834:Zond-PP
783:Sich-1M
758:MTVZA (
718:Envisat
697:Shizuku
695:AMSR2 (
675:AMR-C (
514:InSight
508:Galileo
257:antenna
247:Ka-band
174:1 and 2
172:Voyager
24:) is a
2118:rover)
2086:HiRISE
2027:rover)
2015:MASPEX
1971:Nozomi
1932:rover)
1714:Magsat
1709:FIELDS
1656:ICEMAG
1611:FIELDS
1532:rover)
1478:SPICAV
1473:SPICAM
1410:SPICAV
1405:SPICAM
1342:IRIS (
1192:EURECA
1018:GCOM-C
1016:SGLI (
1006:EURECA
999:JERS-1
789:Seasat
742:MOPITT
688:AMSR (
685:(AQUA)
683:AMSR-E
581:Nozomi
519:Kaguya
465:WISDOM
430:MARSIS
425:SHARAD
420:SELENE
415:REASON
127:uplink
107:planet
50:medium
2091:LORRI
1964:FREND
1784:Swarm
1686:Swarm
1543:rover
1511:Raman
1468:NOMAD
1444:Alice
1400:Ralph
1377:MERIS
1354:JIRAM
1321:rover
1313:AKARI
1190:ORI (
1031:VIIRS
1004:ORI (
997:OPS (
992:MODIS
977:MOS-1
963:GLI (
944:CERES
934:AVNIR
923:Terra
915:ASTER
910:AVHRR
829:WSF-M
819:SSMIS
814:SSM/I
753:MOS-1
751:MSR (
746:Terra
733:MIRAS
389:Radar
273:data.
121:that
101:of a
95:Radio
2149:Misc
2050:SEIS
2021:MOMA
1956:(on
1851:DSLP
1849:and
1847:TPMU
1660:PIMS
1658:and
1649:Juno
1588:SGVM
1577:GOES
1392:(on
1390:SUDA
1386:MISE
1346:and
1331:ISEM
1297:TRMM
1277:MOMS
1272:CASE
1198:LYRA
1087:IRIS
1077:(on
1067:(on
959:ERSS
954:ERBS
929:AIRS
919:MISR
874:Juno
824:TRMM
809:SMOS
804:SMMR
799:SMAP
738:MISR
713:ERSS
671:AQUA
551:6, 7
103:moon
32:for
1954:DAN
1889:SPS
1644:MAG
1483:UVS
1292:TES
1243:ISO
1075:HP3
1069:LRO
869:MWR
329:doi
105:or
22:RSS
2188::
1734:10
1624:11
1388:,
1384:,
1150:10
1132:11
1037:,
981:1b
917:,
740:,
600:11
593:10
561:10
460:16
455:15
450:10
245:A
86:.
16:A
2114:(
2064:2
2023:(
1980:)
1960:)
1950:)
1941:)
1928:(
1729:5
1724:4
1652:)
1646:(
1638:2
1545:)
1538:(
1528:(
1496:2
1396:)
1360:M
1350:)
1348:2
1194:)
1163:2
1141:)
1081:)
1071:)
1061:)
1041:)
1033:(
1027:)
1020:)
1008:)
1001:)
967:)
950:)
925:)
921:(
877:)
871:(
785:)
762:)
748:)
744:(
699:)
692:)
679:)
636:2
556:9
546:5
541:4
536:3
445:9
440:8
376:e
369:t
362:v
331::
263:.
228:.
202:.
20:(
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