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By losing the liberal and conservative support, González lost the pro-government majority in
Congress. He was of course unable to achieve much thereafter, but he did manage to do significant improvements for women's rights. González's cabinet had the first woman minister, he appointed the first woman
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Once in the presidency, González had a fallout with the communists. Following the municipal elections, during which the
Communist Party highly increased its representation, the PCC demanded more cabinet seats, which González refused to grant. On the other hand, afraid of the successes of the PCC, the
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One of his most fruitful initiatives was the creation of the
Corporation for the Promotion of Production, Corfo, a technical body that marked the beginning of the industrialization process in the country. Corfo is responsible for the installation of numerous infrastructure works that allowed better
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program, and obtained loans necessary to help achieve an economic recovery. The close relations that emerged with the United States were, however, problematic for him at home. Furthermore, his refusal to implement the
Radical Party's propositions (made in 1944) caused the resignation of all of the
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Pedro
Aguirre Cerda promoted the development of the technical-industrial schools as a means to promote the formation of technicians for the nascent industrialization of the country. He also created thousands of new regular schools and the growth of the university system to cover the whole of the
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González was elected with 40% of the votes against 29% for the conservative candidate, Cruz Coke, and 27% for the liberal candidate
Alessandri RodrĂguez. Since González did not reach the necessary 50%, he had to be confirmed by Congress. He was duly confirmed on October 24 that year, following
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in
Santiago, leading to several deaths, gave another reason for criticisms against the President, and led to the resignation of part of the cabinet. Finally, shortly after the war, in October 1945, his entire cabinet resigned in protest of a state visit he made to
1090:, no matter how successful they were in controlling inflation. When a protest by government employees broke out in 1950, the radicals immediately declared their support for the protesters' demands. The right-wingers responded by resigning from González's cabinet.
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in the capital. In August and
October 1947, various strikes struck the carbon mines in the South, jeopardizing the government. Finally, President González's travel to the region succeeded in bringing back tranquility. A few days afterwards, the miners of
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Another of the pillars of his administration was education. Not in vain had he himself coined the phrase “Governing is educating”. To him is due the construction of more than 500 schools and numerous others aimed at professional education.
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He began his
Government in very unfavorable conditions due to the January 1939 earthquake that devastated the provinces of Linares, Maule, Ă‘uble and ConcepciĂłn. To mitigate the effects he created the Reconstruction and Relief Corporation.
1075:), thus named because the coup leaders met in a restaurant which specialized on this Chilean dish. He immediately ordered an investigation and the arrest of the coup leaders, including the head of the operation, General
1086:, the pro-government parties triumphed. However, the unity between right-wing parties and radicals and socialists did not last long. Radicals were unhappy with the economic policies of the right-wing Finance Minister,
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Despite this political, social and economical instability, González's government did manage some important successes, including the complete integration of women to political life, the remodeling of the city of
828:, obtaining 55,7% of the votes. RĂos' presidency was marked by parliamentary instability, caused by rivalries between different political tendencies in his cabinet, and renewed influence of the Congress. The
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in
Colombia. However, these were quickly repressed, while González's government also had to confront itself, on the right-wing, to an attempted military coup which aimed at bringing back to power
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After almost three years of government, he died on November 24, 1941, victim of a serious illness. In accordance with the constitutional requirements, JerĂłnimo MĂ©ndez assumed the vice-presidency.
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left-wings' coalition, as the Socialist Party decided to go alone for the elections. However, the Radicals did ally themselves with the Communists, the poet and Communist senator
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Liberal Party withdrew from the cabinet. In June 1947, incidents during a strike affecting the public transports in Santiago led to several casualties and the proclamation of a
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592:, participation and well-being. It had been created in the middle of the 19th century as a response to the conservative liberals then at power, and mainly represented the
851:— diplomatic and especially economic pressure had caused him to finally break off relations with the Axis Powers in January 1943 — the recognition of the
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He had to face the international problems generated by World War II and the end of the Spanish Civil War. He also set the limits of the Chilean Antarctic Territory.
330:
1019:), was re-opened to imprison Communists, Anarchists and revolutionaries, although no detainee was executed this time. Prominent Communists, such as the senator
867:, which were a debacle for the Socialists and the Communists, who obtained close to no seats in Parliament. The Radicals themselves lost a number of seats.
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In 1944, the Radical Party itself presented to RĂos a serie of propositions which he deemed unacceptable. Those included the break-off of relations with
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shook Chile on January 24, 1939, killing more than 30,000 people and destroying much of the infrastructure. Aguirre's cabinet thereafter created the
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various negotiations between the parties, which led to the creation of a composite cabinet, including liberals, radicals and communists.
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Radical ministers, leaving the President without a party. These internal divisions partly explained the right-wing success' during the
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González's tough stance against social movements led to protest demonstrations, allegedly in an intent to repeat the events of the
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was named after him — and the determination along with Peru and Ecuador of the 200 nautical miles (370 km) of the
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coalition supporting Carlos Ibáñez, but after the attempted coup, Ibáñez opposed Ross, lending indirect support to Cerda.
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González's new supporters, which approved of his anti-communist stance, were the two right-wing parties, the
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in terminal stage, he gave up his presidential powers in January, 1946, to his Minister of the Interior,
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opposed RĂos who had initially chosen neutrality and refused to break off diplomatic relations with the
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During his first year he had to face the military opposition to his plans, that boiled over with the
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In 1941 due to his rapidly escalating illness, Aguirre appointed his minister of the Interior,
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of 1939 during the Second World War led to the dismantling of the left-wing coalitions, as the
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Economically, he faced labor unrest at home, brought about, in large part, by the drop in
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initiated another strike, prompting González to make increasing use of emergency laws.
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820:) chose as candidate a member of the conservative wing of the Radical Party,
628:" ("to educate is to rule"). He narrowly defeated the conservative candidate
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was brutally suppressed. Demonstrations against what the communists called
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accused him of being too light on large firms and to abstain from passing
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left-wing coalition, although its cabinets were fragilized by constant
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Finally, under the pressure of the United States, González enacted a
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as well as launching important public works. In the same time, the
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then denounced the Popular Front strategy. However, following the
1137:"History of Chile: Presidents. Pedro Aguirre Cerda (1938 - 1941)"
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891:, who acted as vice-president until his death on June 27, 1946.
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as vice-president, and died soon after, on November 25, 1941.
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and place Ibáñez in power. The fascist MNS had merged in the
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640:(MNS), intended to take down the rightwing government of
632:, mostly because of the political backlash caused by the
1079:. Ibáñez, however, was absolved of all responsibility.
1027:. He also broke relations with the Soviet Union and
596:. It finally succeeded in being in power due to the
748:, which only came to fruition under his successor,
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
677:(ENAP) oil state company was created, as well as
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855:and a cabinet exclusively composed of Radicals.
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636:which followed an attempted coup d'Ă©tat by the
968:Commemorative stamp on the Declaration on the
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576:found its roots in the principles of the 1789
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921:was held on September 4, 1946, opposing the
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740:Furthermore, Aguirre also campaigned for a
1001:Ley de Defensa Permanente de la Democracia
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996:Law of Permanent Defense of the Democracy
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
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870:Furthermore, the repression of riots on
961:leading González's electoral campaign.
664:CorporaciĂłn de Fomento de la ProducciĂłn
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917:For the second times in five years, a
293:Colonization of the Strait of Magellan
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669:import substitution industrialization
638:National Socialist Movement of Chile
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
760:on board of an old cargo ship, the
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1173:Presidential Republic (1925–1973)
1073:complot de las patitas de chancho
698:German-Soviet Non Aggression Pact
1031:states. A pro-communist miners'
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1084:parliamentary elections of 1949
883:prices worldwide. Faced with a
725:in August 1939, led by General
227:Destruction of the Seven Cities
31:needs additional citations for
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1112:Gonzalez Videla Antarctic Base
752:. On September 3, 1939, 2,200
684:CompañĂa de Acero del PacĂfico
55:"Radical Governments of Chile"
1:
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947:Fernando Alessandri RodrĂguez
824:, who defeated Ibáñez in the
804:Juan Antonio RĂos (1941-1946)
716:joined again the government.
674:Empresa Nacional del PetrĂłleo
612:The first Radical President,
1094:ambassador, and created the
706:invasion of the Soviet Union
690:Industria Azucarera Nacional
687:(CAP) steel holding and the
559:Radical Governments of Chile
7:
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895:González Videla (1946-1952)
754:Spanish Republican refugees
647:Alianza Popular Libertadora
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1108:Antártica Chilena Province
970:Antártica Chilena Province
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865:1945 legislative elections
580:, upholding the values of
1158:Presidential Republic Era
933:as representative of the
781:Aguirre Cerda Government:
681:electricity company, the
608:Aguirre Cerda (1938-1941)
602:parliamentary instability
561:were in power during the
1069:Pig trotters' conspiracy
270:War of the Confederation
1116:Exclusive Economic Zone
1017:Pinochet's dictatorship
927:Gabriel González Videla
889:Alfredo Duhalde Vásquez
838:Chilean Socialist Party
830:Chilean Communist Party
810:Carlos Ibáñez del Campo
714:Chilean Communist Party
408:Transition to democracy
303:Occupation of AraucanĂa
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826:February 1942 election
790:quality for citizens.
634:Seguro Obrero Massacre
620:as a candidate of the
331:Parliamentary Republic
326:1891 Chilean Civil War
967:
919:presidential election
908:
899:Further information:
844:protecting workers'.
563:Presidential Republic
390:Military dictatorship
357:Presidential Republic
288:Conservative Republic
265:Civil war (1829–1830)
179:Origin of the Mapuche
733:, where he had been
624:, under the slogan "
476:Chilean coups d'Ă©tat
320:Parliamentary period
40:improve this article
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578:French Revolution
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471:Chilean wars
456:LGBT history
402:Contemporary
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260:Patria Nueva
245:Patria Vieja
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38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1135:Biografia.
1029:Warsaw Pact
1009:Ley Maldita
834:Axis Powers
742:Nobel prize
174:Monte Verde
133:History of
1122:References
1005:Cursed Law
925:candidate
860:Lend-Lease
758:ValparaĂso
756:landed in
659:earthquake
590:solidarity
255:Reconquest
222:Arauco War
66:newspapers
1104:La Serena
722:Ariostazo
702:Comintern
657:A strong
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96:June 2022
1167:Category
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1060:Bogotazo
1052:liberals
1050:and the
949:for the
941:for the
763:Winnipeg
586:equality
574:ideology
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1082:In the
1013:Pisagua
923:Radical
582:liberty
80:scholar
1067:, the
1033:strike
885:cancer
881:copper
812:. The
712:, the
679:ENDESA
126:on the
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61:
53:
1025:exile
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