Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson

38: 1823: 278: 2465: 1900: 2492:(tax) that Rǫgnvaldr and his son rendered to Ingi appears to be the same tribute that Robert noted in his account. The submission of the Islesmen appears to have been undertaken in the context of the strengthening position of the Norwegian Crown following the settlement between the Birkibeinar and Baglar, and the simultaneous weakening of the Crovan dynasty due to internal infighting. The destructive Norwegian activity in the Isles may have been some sort of officially sanctioned punishment from Norway due to Rǫgnvaldr's recalcitrance in terms of, not only his Norwegian obligations, but his recent reorientation towards the English Crown. The fact that Ingi turned his attention to the Isles so soon after peace was brokered in Norway may well indicate the importance that he placed on his relations with Rǫgnvaldr and his contemporaries in the Isles. 3007:. In only the century-and-a-half of its existence, at least nine members of the Crovan dynasty perished from mutilation or assassination. As such, there is reason to regard this vicious internecine violence as the Crovan dynasty's greatest weakness. The tribulations inflicted upon Guðrøðr seem to exemplify Óláfr's intent to wrest what he regarded as his birthright from Rǫgnvaldr's bloodline. It is unknown why Rǫgnvaldr had not similarly neutralised Óláfr when he had the chance years before in 1208, although it may have had something to do with international relations. For example, it is possible that his act of showing leniency to Óláfr had garnered Scottish support against the threat of Norwegian overlordship. In any case, the neutralisation of Guðrøðr Dond appears to mark a turning point in the struggle between the Óláfr and Rǫgnvaldr. 1843:. The arrangement appears to have taken place in the context of Llywelyn's consolidation in Gwynedd. Like his uncle, Llywelyn appears to have intended to establish an alliance with the Islesmen in order strengthen his position in Wales. Although the arrangement may well evidence Rǫgnvaldr's power and influence in the region, Llywelyn clearly extricated himself from the arrangement in order to bind himself in marriage to a much stronger and more influential superpower, the English Crown. Although certain correspondence with the papacy reveals that the marriage between Llywelyn and Rǫgnvaldr's daughter had received papal approval in April 1203, another letter shows that the ratification was reversed on a technicality in February 1205. This ruling was clearly one of convenience for Llywelyn, as the latter was by this time married to 1855: 1483: 2339: 2275: 3229: 2978: 3099: 3322:. Unfortunately for Rǫgnvaldr, this marital alliance appears to have cost him the kingship, since the chronicle records that the Manxmen had him removed from power and replaced with Óláfr. The recorded resentment of the union could indicate that Alan's son was intended to eventually succeed Rǫgnvaldr, who was perhaps about sixty years-old at the time, and whose grandchildren were presumably still very young. In fact, it is possible that, in light of Rǫgnvaldr's advanced age and his son's mutilation, a significant number of the Islesmen regarded Óláfr as the rightful heir. Such an observation could well account for the lack of enthusiasm that the Manxmen had for Alan and Rǫgnvaldr's campaign in the Hebrides. Since Thomas was likely little more than a 3090:. The fact that Rǫgnvaldr was residing in the Hebrides when his father died in 1187 may indicate that, despite the chronicle's claims to the contrary, Rǫgnvaldr was indeed the rightful heir to the kingship. Furthermore, since Rǫgnvaldr's son is recorded on Skye, the possibility exists that he resided there as his father's heir-apparent. Rǫgnvaldr's grant of Lewis and Harris to Óláfr may, therefore, indicate that Óláfr was at least temporarily regarded as Rǫgnvaldr's rightful successor. On the other hand, it is also possible that Rǫgnvaldr's grant was given in the context of appeasing a disgruntled dynast passed over for the kingship. In any event, it is apparent that such territorial fragmentation would have severely weakened the realm. 3378: 3297: 3188:. The entire undertaking, therefore, may have been designed to reassert Norwegian overlordship over both secular and ecclesiastical authorities in Norwegian satellites overseas. If correct, the voyage would seem to have been orchestrated by both Ingi and his chief prelate, Þórir Guðmundarson, Archbishop of Niðaróss. Although the Meic Somairle controversially refounded Iona at the turn of the century, and further secured its independence from the Diocese of the Isles by placing it under the protection of the papacy, the Norwegian sack of the island may not have been a sanctioned act One possibility is that a visit to the island by the Norwegian delegation disastrously deteriorated into otherwise unplanned violence. 360: 2923: 2188: 1754: 2792:, which declare that he and his son swore loyalty to Hákon and took his kingdom in fief of the latter. The submission, therefore, may have been a means by which Rǫgnvaldr attempted to release himself from Norwegian overlordship. On 23 September 1220, Henry III commanded that the Irish justiciary and baronage should lend assistance to Rǫgnvaldr against his enemies. Furthermore, a royal order addressed to Henry III's administrators in Ireland, dated 4 November 1220, commanded Henry III's men to render military aid to Rǫgnvaldr, since the latter had provided evidence that Hákon was plotting to invade his island-kingdom. Not long after this enlistment of English support, the 2914:

recognised by Ruaidrí, the apparent leading Meic Somairle dynast since Áengus' death in 1210, who thereby established himself as a leading magnate within a reunified Kingdom of the Isles. Since the majority of Ruaidrí's territories appear to have been mainland possessions, it is very likely that the Scottish Crown regarded this reunification as a threat to its own claims of overlordship of Argyll. In fact, it is possible that the Scots' release of Óláfr in 1214 was intended to cause dynastic discord in the Isles. If that was indeed the case, then the Scottish Crown's machinations had temporarily come to nought because of Óláfr's reconciliation and arraigned marriage.

2724:

homage rendered to Henry III. One such record shows that, in late September, Rǫgnvaldr rendered homage to Henry III, and received the same fief that John had given him. In another record of his homage the English Crown added the qualification: "But if our enemies, or his, shall rebel against us, and him, to the loss of our or his land, then you are to be earnest in your help, for the defence of our land and of his, to our safety and convenience, so long as he shall keep himself faithful towards us". Therefore, whatever "excesses" Rǫgnvaldr's men had committed in the past, the surviving evidence reveals that by 1219 he was again amicably allied to the English king.

3132: 2118:), drove off Ruaidrí Mac Duinn Sléibe, King of Ulaid, consolidated his conquest, and ruled his lands with a certain amount of independence for about a quarter of a century. Although the date of the marriage between Courcy and Affrica is uncertain, the union may well have attributed to his stunning successes in Ireland. The rulers of Ulaid and those of Mann had a bitter past-history between them, and it is possible that Courcy's marital alliance with the Crovan dynasty was the catalyst of his assault upon the Ulaid. In fact, Guðrøðr Óláfsson formalised his marriage to Findguala in 1176/1177, and thereby bound his dynasty with the 3450: 1533: 3030: 1459:—is somewhat mountainous, the northern part—Lewis—is rather flat and boggy. The chronicle, therefore, seems to have conflated the northern and southern parts of the island. In any case, the chronicle claims that, because of the impoverishment of his lands, Óláfr was unable to support himself and his followers, and that in consequence he led "a sorry life". The chronicle's otherwise perceptible prejudice against Rǫgnvaldr's branch of the Crovan dynasty, and its apparent bias in favour of Mann over the northernmost reaches of the realm, may also account for its denigrating depiction of Óláfr's allotted lands. 2648: 1566: 2733: 2882: 2839: 1412: 1643: 2130: 2772: 4734:. The chronicle's account of Óláfr's landing is the earliest date accorded to the place name. The same source's account of hostilities on Mann, between the half-brothers in the years to come, suggests that Ronaldsway was by then a power centre of Rǫgnvaldr on the island. Rǫgnvaldr could have initiated construction of nearby Castle Rushen to consolidate his control there. The record of Óláfr's landing at Ronaldsway suggests that there was some sort of defensive site there. Another surviving place name perhaps relevant to Rǫgnvaldr is Totronald on 2704: 1471:, and offered himself as a more palatable vassal-king in return for Norwegian support in deposing Rǫgnvaldr. In any case, the chronicle states that William died during the seventh year of Óláfr's captivity, and that William had ordered the release of all his political prisoners before his passing. Since William died in December 1214, Óláfr's incarceration appears to have spanned between about 1207 and 1214 or early 1215. Upon Óláfr's release, the chronicle reveals that the half-brothers met on Mann, after which Óláfr set off on a 1706: 2514: 3414:. During this assault, the chronicle records that Rǫgnvaldr had all of the ships of Óláfr and his chieftains destroyed. Although the chronicle's description of the attack alludes to Gallovidian involvement, as it states that the expedition originated from Galloway, the fact that Rǫgnvaldr commanded only five ships suggests that this support may have been waning. This does not necessary indicate that Alan abandoned Rǫgnvaldr's cause, however, as Alan may well have been engaged in campaigning against the ongoing 2095:. However, with the kingdom's collapse at the hands of English adventurers in 1170, and the ongoing entrenchment of the English throughout Ireland itself, the Crovan dynasty found itself surrounded by this threatening, rising new power in the Irish Sea zone. Despite the dynasty's original opposition to the English in Dublin, it did not take long to realign itself with this new power, as exemplified through a marital alliance between Rǫgnvaldr's sister, Affrica, and one of the most powerful incoming Englishmen, 3200: 2700:—was undertaken in support of Rǫgnvaldr's interests in Ireland. In fact, Thomas fitz Roland and Ruaidrí ransacked Derry again in 1213/1214, and it is also possible that the raids were conducted in the interests of both the Scottish and English Crowns, and specifically aimed at limiting Irish support of the Meic Uilleim dissidents. If these attacks were indeed directed against political enemies of the Scottish and English Crowns, it is not improbable that Rǫgnvaldr and his forces were also involved. 3016: 3387: 249:. When confronted by Óláfr for more territory, Rǫgnvaldr had him seized and incarcerated by the Scots. After almost seven years in captivity, Óláfr was released in 1214, and Rǫgnvaldr arranged for him to marry the sister of his own wife. Óláfr was able to have this marriage annulled, sometime after 1217, whereupon he married the daughter of a rising Scottish magnate. Outright warfare broke out between the half-brothers in the 1220s, and Óláfr's gains forced Rǫgnvaldr to turn to the powerful 2061: 3216:

bishops, therefore, appears to have been yet another aspect of ongoing kin-strife within the Crovan dynasty. In fact, the final resignation of Nicholas in 1224 corresponds to the realignment of the kingdom between Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr, and the whole dispute coincides with the Óláfr's gradual successes against Rǫgnvaldr. In any case, Reginald's successor was a man named John who apparently died in an accident not long afterwards. The next bishop was Simon, a man consecrated in 1226 by the

3327:

client-king on Mann, and the potential to further extend and strengthen Scottish royal authority along the western seaboard, bringing stability to the war-torn region. As for Alan—a man who faced the probability that Galloway would be partitioned between his legitimate daughters on his eventual death—the marital alliance may have been conducted as a means to ensure a power base for Thomas, whose illegitimacy threatened to exclude him from inheriting his father's domain under the

3261: 3335: 3257:

Rǫgnvaldr against Óláfr, assigned by the chronicle to the following year. According to the latter source, however, the campaigning came to nought because the Manx were unwilling to battle against Óláfr and the Hebrideans. This record appears to show that Alan portrayed his actions in the Isles as related to his conflict with the Lacys in Ireland. As such, the correspondence could be further evidence that the Lacys' Ulster ambitions were aligned with Óláfr in the Isles.

1635:, after two rounds of negotiations between Haraldr Maddaðarson and William failed, Rǫgnvaldr intervened and bought Caithness from William. The precise date of Rǫgnvaldr's venture is uncertain, although it appears to have occurred in about 1200. Just prior to Rǫgnvaldr's involvement, Roger records that Haraldr Maddaðarson ventured into the Isles where he reinforced himself with an armed fleet, before returning to Orkney and Caithnes, and defeating Haraldr Eiríksson at 2574: 1616: 2870:, there is evidence to suggest that the real reason for its demise was the animosity between the half-brothers. For example, Reginald and Óláfr appear to have been closely associated, as the chronicle notes that, not only was Reginald was a son of Óláfr's sister, but that Óláfr had warmly greeted Reginald when the latter arrived on Lewis and Harris. Furthermore, it was Reginald who had instigated the annulment. In fact, after the previous 1607:, once William learned that Haraldr Maddaðarson had taken control of Caithness, Rǫgnvaldr was tasked to intervene on behalf of the Scottish Crown. Having received the king's message, the saga records that Rǫgnvaldr gathered an armed host from the Isles, Kintyre, and Ireland, and went forth into Caithness, where he subdued the region. With the coming of winter, the saga records that Rǫgnvaldr returned to the Isles after having left three 2322:. The Lacys' previous connections with Dublin and Ulster suggest that Hugh may have had supporters on Mann. In fact, his stay-over in Rǫgnvaldr's absence may have been enabled due to the fraternal discord between Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr. A correlation between the Lacys and the struggle between Óláfr and Rǫgnvaldr may be exemplified by a 1217 royal order directed at Hugh's half-brother, William Gorm de Lacy, commanding him to restore 2196:

owe to both the English Crown and brother-in-law. On 8 February 1205, the year of the attack on Dundrum, John took Rǫgnvaldr under his protection. Exactly a year later, John issued Rǫgnvaldr safe conduct for fifteen days to come to England for Easter (22 April 1206). A further record dated 28 April reveals that Rǫgnvaldr rendered homage to John during this Easter sojourn, and states that the latter ordered the

3249:, where he confronted Rǫgnvaldr directly. It was then agreed that the kingdom would be split between the two: with Rǫgnvaldr keeping Mann itself along with the title of king, and Óláfr retaining a share in the Hebrides. With Óláfr's rise at Rǫgnvaldr expense, the latter turned to Alan, one of Scotland's most powerful magnates. Alan and Rǫgnvaldr were certainly closely connected. Both were great-grandsons of 22040: 2217: 1639:. If this part of Roger's account refers to military aid being received from Rǫgnvaldr's realm, the fact that Rǫgnvaldr and Haraldr Maddaðarson later became opponents would appear to reveal the fragility of certain of alliances. On the other hand, if Roger's account refers to the domain of the Meic Somairle, it could be evidence that Haraldr Maddaðarson was able to garner support from Rǫgnvaldr's rivals. 1745:. The latter Máel Coluim attempted to seize the Scottish throne earlier in the twelfth century, and appears to have been related in marriage to Somairle's family. If Hvarflǫð's father was this Máel Coluim, it could explain an alliance between Haraldr Maddaðarson and the Meic Somairle. Such an alliance with Rǫgnvaldr's rivals could also explain the Scottish Crown's use of him against Haraldr Maddaðarson. 1524:, and the latter's three sons, in the following year. What is certain, however, is that these, and other records concerning the Meic Somairle, reveal that the Crovan dynasty was not alone in introducing instability into the Isles. In fact, the elimination of Áengus and his sons appears to have had serious repercussions on not only the Meic Somairle succession, but Rǫgnvaldr's kingship in the Isles. 2604:. The grant gave Rǫgnvaldr a valuable foothold in Ireland, and provided his powerful galley-fleet with an additional safe haven. The precise location of the territory granted to Rǫgnvaldr is unrecorded and unknown. Carlingford had until recently been a power centre of Hugh, and Rǫgnvaldr's grant may fit into the context of filling the power vacuum following the destruction of the Lacy lordship. 3293:

therefore reveal that the Norwegian Crown was approached by either representatives of either side of the inter-dynastic conflict, or perhaps by neutral chieftains caught in the middle. Further attempts to quell the infighting by way of the Norwegian Crown may have been undertaken in 1226, when it is remarked by the same source that Simon, Bishop of the Isles met with Hákon.

3360:

for English assistance against his half-brother, as evidenced by correspondence between Henry III and Óláfr in which the latter alluded to aggression dealt from Alan. Eventually, after Alan vacated Mann for home, Óláfr and his forces reappeared on the island, and routed the remaining Gallovidians; and thus, the chronicle declares, peace was restored to Mann.

2822:

the future succession of his son. In any case, it is unknown how well Rǫgnvaldr kept his obligations to the papacy. The limited surviving evidence of communications between Mann and Rome appear to show that his commitments were not taken up by his successors. Nevertheless, centuries after his death, Rǫgnvaldr's deal with the papacy was commemorated by a

4662:, in an English account of succession dispute disputes among the Welsh, "the most frightful disturbances occur in their territories as a result, people being murdered, brothers killing each other and even putting each other's eyes out, for as everyone knows from experience it is very difficult to settle disputes of this sort". 2255:

Rǫgnvaldr and John at this time. Since the men were clearly on friendly terms between 1205 and 1207, John's assault on the island does not appear to be connected to Rǫgnvaldr's earlier campaigning with (the then-disgraced) Courcy. Instead, it is likely that the devastation was related to John's souring relations with the

3465:, the chronicle records that Óláfr's forces launched an attack upon Rǫgnvaldr at Tynwald, where Rǫgnvaldr's troops were routed and he himself was slain. Whilst Rǫgnvaldr's fall is laconically corroborated by the Icelandic annals, other sources appear to suggest that his death was due to treachery. The fourteenth-century 4412:". This excerpt translates: "Thus far is related the History of Charlemagne's deeds which Reinallt King of the Isles had his clerk translate and turn from Romance into Latin, namely his quarrel with the Queen and his journey to Jerusalem and his conversion with Hugh the Mighty, which Turpin did not bother to relate". 2910:" in contemporary sources—or possibly Ragnall's younger son, Domnall. It is conceivable that the first union was undertaken before 1210, perhaps not long after 1200 considering the fact that Guðrøðr Dond—a product of Rǫgnvaldr's marriage—was apparently an adult by 1223 and had fathered at least one son by this date. 3196:, concerning Nicholas' final resignation, states that the latter had long been exiled from his see because "the lord of the land and others" were "altogether opposed to him". As early as November 1219, papal correspondence reveals that the pope had urged the leading men of the Isles to accept Nicholas' episcopacy. 4582:

This record shows that Henry III allowed Rǫgnvaldr the allowance of wheat and wine that John had originally gifted him. Numerous repeated orders, dated 17 June 1220, 4 November 1220, 8 August 1222, 12 March 1225, and 3 October 1226, could well be evidence that the justiciars were less than willing to

3421:

Rǫgnvaldr followed up on his assault by establishing himself in the southern part of Mann, as the chronicle records that he won over the support of the southerners. Meanwhile, Óláfr is stated to have assembled his forces in the north of Mann, indicating that the island was divided between the two men

3326:

at the time, it may well have been obvious to contemporary observers that Alan was the one who would hold the real power in the kingdom. From the perspective of the Scottish Crown, it is conceivable that Alan's ambitions in the Isles were encouraged by the prospect of Alan's son becoming a dependable

2821:

to ensure the succession of his young son, Henry III. Although the chronology of dissension between Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr is not entirely clear, the hostilities which entangled Rǫgnvaldr's son broke out in the 1220s. Rǫgnvaldr, therefore, may have intended to secure, not only his own kingship, but also

2569:

in this order may refer to the Norwegian raiders, like those who plundered the Isles in 1210. This particular source reveals that, not only was Rǫgnvaldr protected by John, but that he was also obligated to defend John's interests in the Irish Sea region. As such, Rǫgnvaldr's security was enhanced by

4772:

There are several other sources evidencing Rǫgnvaldr's amiable relationship with Henry III in the 1220s. On 4 November 1220, for instance, Rǫgnvaldr was confirmed of his knight's fee by the English king. In 1222, and again in October 1226—the year of his overthrow—Rǫgnvaldr's English privileges were

4285:

as one whose "power and energy" were felt throughout the Kingdom of the Isles, and whose slaying is recorded in 1188, at about the time of Rǫgnvaldr's assumption of the kingship. The chronicle's brief account of Murcardus appears to reveal that he was a member of the kingdom's elite, but whether his

2913:

The unions themselves appear to have been orchestrated in an effort to patch up relations between the Meic Somairle and the Crovan dynasty, neighbouring kindreds who had bitterly contested the kingship of the Isles for about sixty years. In fact, it is possible that Rǫgnvaldr's kingship was formally

2711:

John died in October 1216, and was succeeded by his young son, Henry III. On one hand, the English summons of Rǫgnvaldr, dated 16 January 1218, in which he was ordered to amend certain "excesses" committed upon Henry III's men in Ireland and England, could be evidence that Islesmen took advantage of

2687:

A record dated 3 January 1214 appears to confirm the English Crown's intentions of protecting the Islesmen, as it prohibits certain "mariners of Ireland" from entering Rǫgnvaldr's territories at his loss. The English pledges of protection of Rǫgnvaldr and his Irish holdings suggest that he was under

2495:

Rǫgnvaldr may have also used his journey as a means to safeguard the kingship against the claims of Óláfr. His presence there may explain his absence from Mann during the ravaging of the island by the English. In fact, Rǫgnvaldr's submission to Ingi could have been contributed to the English attack,

2175:, which states that Courcy brought a fleet from the Isles to battle the Lacys. Although the expedition ultimately proved a failure, the source indicates that the surrounding countryside was plundered and destroyed by the invaders. The identity of the castle named by the chronicle is almost certainly 1561:

named Máel Coluim. It may well have been through Hvarflǫð that Haraldr Maddaðarson was drawn into conflict with the Scottish Crown. Whatever the case, a major continuing theme of Haraldr Maddaðarson's career was the constant assertion of Scottish and Norwegian royal authority into is domain, and his

4646:

One reason why the chronicle fails to name the father-in-law of Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr could be that the chronicle is biased against him. Another possibility is that the chronicler may have simply not known his name. Likewise, the fact that the chronicle fails to name Lauon's sister—a woman alleged to

3191:

The next bishop after Koli was Reginald. Although Reginald's rival for the episcopate, Nicholas, is recorded to have gained the support of the communities of Furness and Rushen, he does not appear to have ever occupied the see. In fact, Nicholas appears to have spent much of his time in Rome, since

3076:

and her brother, Henry III, reveals that the Norwegian Crown was rumoured to have been planning a naval expedition west-over-sea. Although Joan's letter places this campaign in the context of a threat to English interests in Ireland, it may be more likely that Hákon's attention was focused upon the

2905:

The precise identity of the half-brothers' shared father-in-law is uncertain. The chronicle describes him as a nobleman from Kintyre, which suggests that he was a member of the Meic Somairle, since sources concerning this kindred link them with Kintyre more than any other region. The father-in-law,

2787:

The precise impetus behind Rǫgnvaldr's submission is uncertain, although it may well have been related to the threat of ever-strengthening Norwegian kingship. Certainly Hákon had only acceded to the Norwegian kingship two years previously, and by the early part of his reign the civil warring within

2254:

reports that John led five hundred ships to Ireland. Whilst Rǫgnvaldr and his men were absent from Mann, part of John's forces are recorded to have landed and ravaged it for a fortnight before departing with hostages. There does not appear to be any other evidence of possibly poor relations between

2195:

Rǫgnvaldr's involvement in Ireland, and his connection with Courcy, may have led to contact with the English kings John and Henry III. In fact, Courcy's final downfall may have been somewhat of a relief to Rǫgnvaldr, since it meant that he was no longer caught between conflicting loyalties he would

425:

claims that he left instructions for Óláfr to succeed to the kingship since the latter had been born "in lawful wedlock". Whether this is an accurate record of events is uncertain, as the Islesmen are stated to have chosen Rǫgnvaldr to rule instead, because unlike Óláfr, who was only a child at the

3363:

In the same year, English records reveal that Henry III attempted to broker a peace between the half-brothers, and gave Óláfr safe passage to England. This correspondence may have led to Óláfr's temporary absence from Mann that year. It could also roughly mark the point when Rǫgnvaldr finally lost

3359:

on Mann, with instructions to collect tribute from the island and send it back to Galloway, may reveal the price Rǫgnvaldr had to pay for Alan's support in the affair. In fact, Rǫgnvaldr's role in the takeover is unrecorded. Suffering serious setbacks at the hands of his enemies, Óláfr reached out

2051:

notes that, when he lent military support to William in Caithness, Rǫgnvaldr led a large army drawn from Ireland. Also linking Rǫgnvaldr to Ireland is Henry III's summons to Rǫgnvaldr, dated 16 January 1218, commanding him to explain the "excesses committed upon the people of our Lord the King, as

3354:

At this low point of his career, the deposed Rǫgnvaldr appears to have gone into exile at Alan's court in Galloway. In 1228, whilst Óláfr and his chieftains were absent in Hebrides, the chronicle records of an invasion of Mann by Rǫgnvaldr, Alan, and Thomas fitz Roland. The attack appears to have

3292:

reports that Hákon was visited by a certain Gillikristr, Óttar Snækollsson, and many Islesmen, who presented the king with letters concerning certain needs of their lands. One possibility is that these needs refer to the violent kin-strife and recent treaty between the half-brothers. The saga may

3215:

to elect the Bishop of the Isles. The English Crown's warning to Óláfr about harming the monks of Furness could betray some sort of grievance with the community, whilst Rǫgnvaldr's burial at Furness appears show evidence his own affinity with the community. The controversy over the appointment of

2246:

Rǫgnvaldr's increasing interaction with the English Crown after Courcy's fall suggests that the English king not only orchestrated Courcy's undoing, but purposely detached Rǫgnvaldr from the latter. Such an act not only considerably weakened Courcy, but lessened the chance of a Lacy counterstroke

3349:

of the Kingdom of the Isles. It may well have been the place where the Islesmen publicly inaugurated their kings, proclaimed new laws, and resolved disputes. Be that as it may, much of the visible site dates only to the eighteenth-, nineteenth-, and twentieth century. Tynwald was the site of the

3256:

In a letter from Alan to Henry III, dated the year of the partitioning between the half-brothers, Alan mentioned that he was preoccupied with his army and fleet, travelling from island to island. This statement may well evince the beginning of the joint military operations, conducted by Alan and

3210:

Rǫgnvaldr's remarkably warm relations with the papacy, and his deteriorating relationship with Óláfr, could be evidence that the papal correspondence in support of Nicholas was directed at Óláfr instead of Rǫgnvaldr. Further indication of Rǫgnvaldr's support of Nicholas may be his renewal of the

2529:

on 16 May 1212, for instance, during what was likely his second visit to England in six years, Rǫgnvaldr formally swore that he was John's liegeman. Rǫgnvaldr's visit to England is corroborated by a record, dated 20 May, regarding the English Crown's payment of ten marks for conducting Rǫgnvaldr

2299:

to Scotland just before their capture, the Briouzes stayed on Mann for four days. Although it is impossible to know for certain whether Rǫgnvaldr sanctioned the arrival of the fleeing Briouzes, their close connection with the Lacys, and Rǫgnvaldr's close connection with Courcy—a man who had been

3163:

reveals that Cristinus, Bishop of the Isles, an Argyllman who was probably a Meic Somairle candidate, was deposed and replaced by Michael, a Manxman who appears to have been backed by Rǫgnvaldr. The tenure of Cristinus seems to have spanned at least two decades during a sustained period of Meic

2723:

Whether Rǫgnvaldr actually travelled there that year is unknown, although various records reveal that he certainly did so the following year. For example, he was granted safe passage by the English Crown on 24 September 1219. Evidence of Rǫgnvaldr's activity in England survives in references of

2659:

As a consequence of Rǫgnvaldr's vassalage to the English Crown, and his role as guardian of the English seaways, it is probable that Islesmen were involved in far fewer predatory actions along the English and Irish coasts. At about the same time, several south-western Scottish magnates received

1611:

in Caithness. When Haraldr Maddaðarson later had one of these stewards murdered, the saga states that William forced him into submission. The fact that Haraldr Maddaðarson only reasserted his authority action after Rǫgnvaldr's return to the Isles, coupled with the punishing fine that the former

4462:

Although it is uncertain if this number is an accurate sum of Rǫgnvaldr's ships, if the total is even remotely accurate it would appear to represent a very large proportion of his royal fleet. The numbers could be evidence that Rǫgnvaldr's forces numbered between four thousand and six thousand

1964:

revealing that Rǫgnvaldr was the impetus behind the original translation. The work appears to have taken place at some point after his accession, and possibly following the marriage of his daughter to Rhodri. The catalyst for the translations is uncertain. During the reign of his contemporary,

1838:

Rǫgnvaldr and Rhodri were also bound together by a marital alliance, as a papal letter, dated November 1199, indicates that a daughter of Rǫgnvaldr was betrothed to Rhodri. Although the precise date of the marriage is unknown, Rǫgnvaldr's military support of Rhodri in 1193 was almost certainly

2961:

If the chronicle is to be believed, Óláfr's separation from Lauon enraged her sister, who surreptitiously tricked her son, Guðrøðr Dond, into attacking Óláfr. Following what he thought were his father's orders, Guðrøðr Dond gathered a force on Skye and proceeded to Lewis and Harris, where the

421:, Ívarr, Óláfr, and Rǫgnvaldr himself. Although nothing else is certain of Ívarr, Óláfr's mother appears to have been Findguala Nic Lochlainn, an Irishwoman whose marriage to Guðrøðr Óláfsson was formalised in 1176/1177, about the time of Óláfr's birth. When Guðrøðr Óláfsson died in 1187, the 3167:

After Michael's death in 1203, a certain Koli is recorded to have been consecrated in 1210. The situation between this span of years is uncertain. On one hand, it is possible that the see was vacant between these years. On the other hand, Koli could have been elected bishop in 1203, but only

321:

manuscript dating to the mid fourteenth century. Although the chronicle is the region's only contemporary indigenous narrative source, it is certainly not without its faults. Not only is its chronology suspect in parts, but it appears to be biased in favour of one branch of the dynasty over

2970:, a sheriff on Skye who refused to take up arms against Óláfr. The chronicle then indicates that the two landed on Skye, and learned where Guðrøðr Dond was stationed, and defeated him in battle. The latter's captured followers were put to death, whilst Guðrøðr Dond himself was blinded and 449:

Although the chronicle seems to imply that Findguala was also Rǫgnvaldr's mother, at no point does the source state as much. In fact, there is evidence which strongly suggests that Rǫgnvaldr was the son of another woman. For example, the surviving fragments of a letter sent from Óláfr to

3475:

states that, although Óláfr grieved at his half-brother's death, he never exacted vengeance upon his killers. The chronicle states that the monks of Rushen took Rǫgnvaldr's body to Furness, where he was buried at the abbey in a place that he had chosen beforehand. A particular sandstone

2504:

after Hugh gave refuge to the Briouzes. The ravaging of Mann, therefore, may have been a further demonstration of English royal power directed at a disloyal vassal. If this was indeed the case, Rǫgnvaldr's submission to the Norwegian Crown—although apparently undertaken to safeguard his

2317:

If the attack was indeed a case of retaliation it may not have been due to Rǫgnvaldr's own involvement with enemies of the English Crown. The fleeing Briouzes were also accompanied by Hugh himself, but unlike them he managed to elude capture, and was temporarily harboured in Scotland by

1896:—Rǫgnvaldr is stated have had an otherwise unknown son named Hywel. Although the reliability of such late genealogical sources is suspect, Rǫgnvaldr's known dealings with leading Welsh dynasts could lend weight to the possibility that he had an otherwise unknown Welsh wife or concubine. 3124:. In effect, the political reality of the Diocese of the Isles—its territorial borders and nominal subjection to Norway—appears to have mirrored that of the Kingdom of the Isles. Before the close of the twelfth century, however, evidence of a new ecclesiastical jurisdiction—the 4409:

Hyt hynn y traetha yr Istoria a beris Reinallt vrenhin yr ynyssoed y athro idaw ythrossi ae hymchwelut o rwmawns yn lladin o weithredoed chiarlymaen nyt amgen oe amrysson ar ỽrenhines. ac yd aeth gaerussalem. ac oe gyurageu a hu gadarn. yr hynn nyt ymyrrawd turpin y draethu

477:

Simplified family tree of Rǫgnvaldr illustrating degrees of kinship with the contemporary rulers of England, the Isles, Carrick, Galloway, Gwynedd, Kintyre, and Ulster. Rǫgnvaldr and the three Meic Somairle men who could have been the father of his wife are highlighted.

2247:

against Rǫgnvaldr that could potentially destabilise the Irish Sea region. In fact, the collapse of Rǫgnvaldr's marital alliance with Llywelyn ap Iorwerth took place at about the same time, and it is possible that this breakup was masterminded by the English as well.

2619:

ships were active off Wales in 1210. Although John had come to terms with Llywelyn ap Iorwerth in 1211, the following year the latter formed a concord with Philip. By May 1212, John succeeded in gaining the support of several foreign lords, such as the counts of

2712:

the somewhat fractured English realm by plundering the coasts of England and Ireland. If this was indeed the case, there is no further evidence of any such depredations. On the other hand, the "excesses" could specifically relate to an instance reported by the

3175:

There is also a possibility that Koli's consecration was connected to the attack on Iona in 1209/1210. Not only does the Norwegian expedition appear to have compelled Rǫgnvaldr and his son to submit to the Norwegian Crown in 1210, but it also made landfall in

2267:, with his wife and family, fled from John to Ireland, where they were harboured by the Lacys. When John arrived in Ireland in 1210, the Briouzes fled towards Scotland, and were apprehended in Galloway by Courcy's close associate and Rǫgnvaldr's kinsman 2720:-fishermen are stated to have committed violence on Mann, and were slain as a consequence of their actions. Later in May, the English Crown commanded that Rǫgnvaldr was to be given safe passage to England in order account for the misconduct of his men. 2764:. Such a submission was not unprecedented at the time. For example, John had surrendered his kingdom to the papacy through Pandulf about six years beforehand, whilst facing not only a major crisis from within his own realm, but an imminent invasion by 3364:

English support. Although the English Crown technically recognised Óláfr's kingship in correspondence sent to him the year before, the aggressive tone directed at him suggests that the preferred dynast may well have Rǫgnvaldr at that point in time.

4343:, whereas correspondence had maintained that the marriage was unconsummated. The letter further reveals that the girl's attendants, relatives, as well as the Bishop of the Isles, insisted in vain that her marriage to Rhodri had been unconsummated. 2208:

1205 and Michaelmas 1206. Since the rolls do not name any estate associated with Rǫgnvaldr, he does not appear to have been assigned any lands, but rather a charge upon the ferm of the county. On 29 April, John ordered his treasurer to pay thirty

2126:, another traditional foe of the Ulaid. Courcy would have almost certainly attempted to use such alignments to his advantage, whilst Guðrøðr Óláfsson would have used Courcy's campaigning against the Ulaid as a means of settling old scores. 470:

of Guðrøðr. The likelihood that Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr had different mothers may well explain the intense conflict between the two men in the years that followed. This continuing kin-strife is one of the main themes of Rǫgnvaldr's long reign.

2291: 3080:

The kin-strife largely took place on Skye and Lewis and Harris, islands that were clearly important within the kingdom. In fact, there is evidence to suggest that the kingdom's northern territories were granted by reigning kings to

1690:. On the other hand, the fact that Rǫgnvaldr possessed no known blood relationship with the earls could conversely be evidence that he was the first Scottish-backed ruler of Caithness without a personal connection to the Orcadian 4671:

The inscription of the vessel may date to about the time of the Crovan dynasty, possibly from about the eleventh- to the thirteenth century. The vessel appears to be similar to those that appear on seals borne by members of the

1773:. Some of the earliest evidence of Rǫgnvaldr's kingship concerns his involvement in northern Wales. During the late twelfth century, the region was wracked by vicious interdynastic warring. In 1190, one of Gruffudd's grandsons, 1462:

In consequence of this supposed poverty, the chronicle claims that Óláfr went to Rǫgnvaldr, who was also living in the Hebrides, and confronted him for more land. Rǫgnvaldr's stated response was to have Óláfr seized and sent to

20328: 3244:

In 1224, the year following the defeat of Rǫgnvaldr's son, the chronicle reveals that Óláfr took hostages from the leading men of the Hebridean portion of the realm, and with a fleet of thirty-two ships, landed on Mann at

19143:

Fee, CR (2012). "Með Lögum Skal Land Vort Byggja (With Law Shall the Land be Built): Law as a Defining Characteristic of Norse Society in Saga Conflicts and Assembly Sites Throughout the Scandinavian North Atlantic". In

4605:

The fresco was noted in the eighteenth century, and seems to date to about the seventeenth century. It is part of a series of frescoes dealing with the grants of papal fiefs. It contains a Latin inscription which runs:

2300:

forced from his Irish lands by the Lacys—both strongly suggest that cooperation between Rǫgnvaldr and Briouze is unlikely. In any case, the English depredations on Mann are corroborated by other sources, such as the

3253:; both had received Ulster lands from the English at about the same time; and it is possible that connections between the Isles and Galloway had led to Rǫgnvaldr's involvement with the Scottish Crown in Caithness. 3405:

In what was likely early January 1229, the chronicle records that Rǫgnvaldr caught the forces of Óláfr unaware, as Rǫgnvaldr sailed from Galloway with five ships, and launched a nocturnal raid upon the harbour at

342:

also provide useful information, although the historicity of such sources is debatable in certain circumstances. Also important is surviving correspondence between the dynasty and the English royal court, and the

1443:". The chronicle disparagingly describes the island as being mountainous and rocky, completely unsuitable for cultivation, and declares that its small population lived mostly by hunting and fishing. In fact, 206:, one of the most powerful of the incoming Englishmen. With Courcy's eventual fall from power in the first decade of the thirteenth century, Rǫgnvaldr aided him in an unsuccessful attack on Courcy's rivals. 3085:

or disaffected dynasts. For example, during the eleventh-century reign of the dynasty's founder, Guðrøðr Crovan, the northern portion of the realm may have been governed by Guðrøðr Crovan's succeeding son,

2056:

also reveals connections with the island. Although the poem undoubtedly exaggerates Rǫgnvaldr's feats, its claims of devastating raids into Ireland may not be complete fantasy, as evidenced by the summons.

229:

in the first half of the century, the Norwegian Crown began to look towards the Isles, and in 1210 the region fell prey to a destructive military expedition. In consequence, Rǫgnvaldr rendered homage to

4514:

Another seemingly relevant source revealing English involvement on the island within the year is the administrative record of the English Crown's payment for the protection of an English supply on Mann.

1658:

Although not descended from previous Orcadian earls, Rǫgnvaldr could perhaps be considered related to these Norwegian magnates by right of his paternal grandfather's marriage to Ingibjǫrg, daughter of

2611:. At about this time, the French Crown had orchestrated a Franco-Welsh alliance in an attempt to divert the English to deal with a Welsh uprising rather than focus their forces upon the Continent and 182:

The Crovan dynasty may have reached its zenith during Rǫgnvaldr's reign. Acclaimed in one near contemporary Scandinavian source as "the greatest warrior in the western lands", he lent military aid to

194:

for a short period of time at about the turn of the thirteenth century. Like his predecessors, Rǫgnvaldr was closely associated with the rulers of northern Wales. A daughter of his was betrothed to

4523:

It is not impossible, however, that the named kings instead refer to Ragnall and Rǫgnvaldr. This identification rests on the fact that Ragnall and Rǫgnvaldr bore the same personal names—the Gaelic

2950:

for meritorious service to the Scottish Crown. The collapse of Óláfr's previous Meic Somairle marriage took place at about the time that Ruaidrí was seemingly ejected from Kintyre by the forces of

2644:, and Rǫgnvaldr himself. Despite these overtures, however, the Welsh uprisings of 1211 and 1212, as well as an English revolt in 1212, all succeeded in keeping English forces from invading France. 2592:

Yet another transaction dated 16 May, in return for the homage and service that he rendered to the English Crown, Rǫgnvaldr and his heirs received a grant consisting of one knight's fee of land at

1991:, leading him to commission a translation of his own. On the other hand, he could have also become familiar with the tales whilst in England. Rǫgnvaldr's familial links with the Welsh, and perhaps 17395: 2962:

chronicle records that he laid waste to most of the island. Óláfr is said to have only narrowly escaped with a few men, and to have fled to the protection of his father-in-law on the mainland in

2788:

his realm began to wane. In his submission, Rǫgnvaldr stated that the kingdom was his by hereditary right, and that he held it without any obligation to anyone. This contradicts the statement by

1603:, a more amiable applicant, Haraldr Maddaðarson managed to overcome the latter, and regained control of the earldom. It may have been at this point where Rǫgnvaldr entered the fray. According to 2668:, and Donnchad. Such grants appear to have been part of a coordinated campaign of the English and Scottish kings to gain authority over outlying territories where royal influence was limited. 265:

military support dramatically diminished over time. On 14 February 1229, the forces of Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr clashed for the last time, and Rǫgnvaldr himself was slain. His body was conveyed to

2213:

to Rǫgnvaldr. About a year later, on 17 June 1207, John ordered the sheriff to assign Rǫgnvaldr with twenty liberates of land, a payment which is also confirmed by the Lancashire Pipe Rolls.

225:, these English rulers promised to assist Rǫgnvaldr against any threats to his realm, whilst Rǫgnvaldr pledged to protect English interests in the Irish Sea zone. With the strengthening of 4294:, and the episode itself may be an example of feuding between the Meic Somairle and Crovan dynasty. Another source that may preserve evidence of conflict amongst the competing kindreds is 2496:

as it may have given the English an incentive to devastate Rǫgnvaldr's lands because he had bound himself to John only a few years previous. Although John had originally installed Hugh as

2405:, a thirteenth-century saga-collection that survives in two versions. Both versions reveal that a fleet of Norwegians plundered in the Isles, and the shorter version notes how men of the 406:

portion of the kingdom in 1153. Three years later, Somairle seized the entire kingdom, and ruled the entirety of the Isles until his death in 1164. Although Guðrøðr Óláfsson regained the

326:

of the dynasty. Of the twenty or so examples of such sources, six (all copies) were issued during Rǫgnvaldr's career. Numerous sources from outside the dynasty's domain—such as mediaeval

3355:

resulted in the complete devastation of the southern half of the island, since the chronicle declares that it was almost reduced to a desert. The chronicle's report that Alan installed

2673:

At that time King Rǫgnvaldr was the greatest fighting man in all the western lands. For three whole years he had lived aboard longships and not spent a single night under a sooty roof.

2445:") had not paid their taxes due to the Norwegian kings. In consequence, the source records that the Isles were ravaged until the two travelled to Norway and reconciled themselves with 4763:

Another possibility is that the visiting delegation was concerned with the threat of Scottish aggression in the Isles, following the Scottish Crown's conquest of Kintyre in 1221/1222.

2149:

Courcy's fall from power occurred in a series of conflicts with the English Crown between 1201 and 1204. By 1205 he was forced from Ireland altogether, and his lands were awarded to

19943: 17609:

Beuermann, I (2011). "Jarla Sǫgur Orkneyja. Status and Power of the Earls of Orkney According to Their Sagas". In Steinsland, G; Sigurðsson, JV; Rekdal, JE; Beuermann, I (eds.).

20175:

McDonald, RA (2016). "Sea Kings, Maritime Kingdoms and the Tides of Change: Man and the Isles and Medieval European Change, AD c1100–1265". In Barrett, JH; Gibbon, SJ (eds.).

16942: 2413:—two competing sides of the Norwegian civil war—decided to recoup their financial losses with a twelve-ship raiding expedition into the Isles. The longer version states that " 21320:

Stringer, KJ (1998) . "Periphery and Core in Thirteenth-Century Scotland: Alan Son of Roland, Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland". In Grant, A; Stringer, KJ (eds.).

2878:

had vied for the office of bishop. Whilst Reginald appears to have enjoyed the support of Óláfr, Rǫgnvaldr appears to have supported the bid of Reginald's rival, Nicholas.

4204:

was to declining in the Isles. Its depiction of Rǫgnvaldr as a handsome young Viking, destined to become an Irish king, suggests that it was composed early in his career.

2958:—not only appears to evince Óláfr's recognition of the shift of power in north-western Scotland, but may also signal Rǫgnvaldr's loss of support from the Scottish Crown. 2395:

reveal that a military expedition from Norway to the Isles was in preparation in 1209. The following year, the same source notes "warfare" in the Isles, and reveals that

2974:. Although the chronicle maintains that Óláfr was unable to prevent this torture, the Icelandic annals record that Óláfr was indeed responsible for his nephew's plight. 19280:(2004) . "Killing and Mutilating Political Enemies in the British Isles From the Late Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century: A Comparative Study". In Smith, B (ed.). 3692: 1547:

There is earlier evidence of amicable relations between Rǫgnvaldr and William. The latter faced a series of revolts during his reign, with one particular problem being

1467:, who kept him imprisoned for almost seven years. It may be more probable, however, that Rǫgnvaldr had taken action against Óláfr because the latter had approached the 383: 168: 2525:

Numerous sources reveal that, in the years following the ravaging of Mann and plundering of the Isles, Rǫgnvaldr bound himself closer to the English Crown. Whilst at

16952:

Fœdera, Conventiones, Litteræ, Et Cujuscunque Generis Acta Publica, Inter Reges Angliæ, Et Alios Quosvis Imperatores, Reges, Pontifices, Principes, Vel Communitates

3318:

A short time later, perhaps in about 1225 or 1226, the chronicle reveals that Rǫgnvaldr oversaw the marriage of a daughter of his to Alan's young illegitimate son,

3077:

escalating situation in the Isles. One possibility is that the queen's correspondence is evidence that Óláfr had appealed to Hákon for supported against Rǫgnvaldr.

23222: 23217: 18315: 4259:

There may be evidence of earlier conflict between the Meic Somairle and the Crovan dynasty. According to Hebridean tradition preserved by the seventeenth-century

2866:

was then assembled, after which the marriage is stated to have been nullified. Although the chronicle alleges that Óláfr's marriage was doomed for being within a

1733:, or perhaps resulted from a shared enmity towards the Meic Somairle. There is much confusion surrounding two twelfth-century magnates named Máel Coluim. One was 1678:

were people who possessed a claim to an earldom, in accordance with Norse custom, by right of their descent from previous earls. In fact, William made use of the

22407: 1551:. At some point in the last half of the twelfth century, Haraldr Maddaðarson put aside his first wife, and married Hvarflǫð, described by the thirteenth-century 2752:, swore to perform homage for the island, and promised to pay twelve marks sterling in perpetuity as tribute. Rǫgnvaldr's submission was accepted, on behalf of 1520:

attacked Skye and slaughtered many of the Skyemen. It is unknown if this invasion of Rǫgnvaldr's realm was any way related to the slaying of Ragnall's brother,

22402: 21875:

Williams, G (2007). "'These People were High-Born and Thought Well of Themselves': The Family of Moddan of Dale". In Smith, BB; Taylor, S; Williams, G (eds.).

16200: 4799:

Although it is unknown where Rǫgnvaldr's paternal-grandfather was buried, his own father was buried on Iona. Óláfr, and two of his sons, were buried at Rushen.

4450: 19098: 4449:. This could mean that Rǫgnvaldr's mother was a member of the Uí Néill, and that her union with his father was undertaken in the context of an alliance with 3106:". Cristinus seems to have been a Meic Somairle appointee, and was evidently replaced by a bishop aligned with the Crovan dynasty early in Rǫgnvaldr's reign. 3003:

Mutilation and killing of high status kinsmen during power-struggles was not an unknown phenomenon in the peripheral-regions of the British Isles during the

2391:

Whilst bound to the English Crown in 1210, Rǫgnvaldr appears to have found himself the target of renewed Norwegian hegemony in the Isles. Specifically, the

21603: 21454: 21276: 21215: 21134: 20837: 20573: 20533: 20493: 20301: 20148:

McDonald, RA (2012). "The Manx Sea Kings and the Western Oceans: The Late Norse Isle of Man in its North Atlantic Context, 1079–1265". In Hudson, B (ed.).

19301: 19183: 18989: 18949: 18909: 18282: 18065: 18025: 3164:

Somairle power in the Isles. His downfall, however, came about at the time of the Crovan dynasty's resurgence under the then-recently enthroned Rǫgnvaldr.

17963:

Caldwell, DH; Hall, MA; Wilkinson, CM (2009). "The Lewis Hoard of Gaming Pieces: A Re-examination of Their Context, Meanings, Discovery and Manufacture".

3528: 2810:. There is a possibility, however, that his actions in the Isles were connected to the Norwegian threat feared by Rǫgnvaldr. In fact, Diarmait's kinsman, 1570: 1548: 187: 20072:

McDonald, RA (2004). "Coming in From the Margins: The Descendants of Somerled and Cultural Accommodation in the Hebrides, 1164–1317". In Smith, B (ed.).

4629:, as evidenced by a sixteenth-century record of a fifteenth-century inquisition. He is also confirmed his father's grant of commercial privileges to the 1702:

for a short time, surviving evidence does not record his installation as such, and only demonstrates that he was appointed to administrate the province.

2357: 2862:. The chronicle claims that the bishop disapproved of the marriage on the grounds that Óláfr had formerly had a concubine who was a cousin of Lauon. A 2530:

home. Further corroboration is provided by the record, dated 16 May, concerning the release of some of Rǫgnvaldr's men who had been held in custody at

1822: 37: 17932:

Caball, M; Hollo, K (2006). "The Literature of Later Medieval Ireland, 1200–1600: From the Normans to the Tudors". In Kelleher, M; O'Leary, P (eds.).

3422:

for much of January and February, before what would be their final confrontation. According to the chronicle, Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr led their armies to

3418:

insurrection against the Scottish Crown. Even if this was the case, Rǫgnvaldr may have also considered Alan's involvement a detriment at this stage.

22044: 2806:

at the hands of Thomas fitz Roland in 1221. These sources state that Diarmait was in the process of assembling a fleet in the Isles to reclaim the

202:. In 1193, Rǫgnvaldr lent military aid to Rhodri against his rivals. Rǫgnvaldr was also involved in Irish affairs, as he was the brother-in-law of 3206:, the oldest intact building on Iona, dates to the mid twelfth century, and may have been built by either the Meic Somairle or the Crovan dynasty. 2858:", the sister of his own wife. Rǫgnvaldr then granted Lewis and Harris back to Óláfr, where the newly-weds proceeded to live until the arrival of 2157:

specifies that Courcy's massive force was reinforced by Rǫgnvaldr with one hundred ships, and states that they laid siege to a certain castle of "

22494: 1934: 277: 16874: 16601: 16568: 3120:. In the mid twelfth century, during the reign of Rǫgnvaldr's father, the diocese came to be incorporated into the newly established Norwegian 1876:

There may be further evidence of Rǫgnvaldr's Welsh connections. According to several non-contemporary Welsh genealogical tracts, the mother of

261:

king prompted the Manxmen to depose Rǫgnvaldr in favour of Óláfr. Although Rǫgnvaldr was initially aided against Óláfr by Alan and his family,

19577:

Survival and Success on Medieval Borders: Cistercian Houses in Medieval Scotland and Pomerania From the Twelfth to the Late Fourteenth Century

1995:

connections between Mann and Wales, may account for his part in the translations into Welsh. The work itself was seemingly carried out at the

1854: 19736: 4190:, is one of the earliest and most remarkable pieces of Gaelic praise-poetry, and one of the earliest Gaelic compositions to observe a strict 2377: 2179:, which was possibly constructed by Courcy before 1203. The defeat of 1205 marks the downfall of Courcy, who never regained his Irish lands. 1851:. This may have been about the time when Rǫgnvaldr himself first entered into what would be an enduring relationship with the English Crown. 1595:

In 1196, Haraldr Maddaðarson appears to have gained control of Moray. Although William was able to reassert authority in the north, and hand

1482: 20246: 19912: 19622: 19090: 2817:

Rǫgnvaldr's papal submission may have also been linked to his feud with Óláfr. For example, in the last hours of his life, John appealed to

1662:. If this was indeed the case, William's act of using Rǫgnvaldr in Caithness may have been an example of the king playing one member of the 22129: 17663:

Beuermann, I (2014). "No Soil for Saints: Why was There No Native Royal Martyr in Man and the Isles". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.).

3492:, has been associated with Rǫgnvaldr since the first half of the nineteenth century. Such an association is nevertheless dubious at best. 20624:

Oram, R; Adderley, P (2010). "Innse Gall: Culture and Environment on a Norse Frontier in the Scottish Western Isles". In Imsen, S (ed.).

3172:—the future seat of the Diocese of Argyll—under the ultimate authority of Áengus, the aforementioned Meic Somairle dynast slain in 1210. 2388:, where it was stated that the kings of the Isles were obliged to pay the kings of Norway ten marks of gold upon the latter's accession. 17539:

Beuermann, I (2009). "Review of RA McDonald, Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty".

22517: 22138: 21498:

Valante, MA (2010). "Review of RA McDonald, Manx Kingship in Its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty".

2464: 2268: 1987:

appear to have been known in Scandinavia by the twelfth century, and it is possible that Rǫgnvaldr became familiar with them whilst in

22341: 22099: 3583: 3265: 1174: 822: 172: 90: 18625: 4394:

Mam John ap Llewelyn, Elen v̄ Ffylib ap David ap Ierwerth ap Rȳs ap Mredydd ap Howel ap Reinallt vab brenin Manaw ne brenin y Gogledd

399: 21982:

Woolf, A (2008). "Review of RA McDonald, Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rögnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty".

21879:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 129–152. 20393:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 285–305. 1687: 21852:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 65–104. 18226: 18162:

Clancy, TO (2007). "The Poetry of the Court: Praise". In Clancy, TO; Pittock, M; Brown, I; Manning, S; Horvat, K; Hales, A (eds.).

17848:

Brown, DJF (2015). "Power and Patronage Across the North Channel: Hugh de Lacy, St Andrews and the Anglo-Scottish Crisis of 1209".

17824: 17255: 18374:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 65–80. 17667:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 81–95. 17389: 2906:

therefore, may well have been Rǫgnvaldr's first cousin Ragnall, or Ragnall's son Ruaidrí—both of whom appear to have been styled "

21394:

Tinmouth, C (2018). "Frontiers of Faith: The Impact of the Insular Frontier upon the Identity and Development of Furness Abbey".

16153:

Flateyjarbok: En Samling af Norske Konge-Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortællinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler

1899: 1840: 20129:

McDonald, RA (2008). "Man, Ireland, and England: The English Conquest of Ireland and Dublin-Manx Relations". In Duffy, S (ed.).

1880:

was an otherwise unknown daughter of Rǫgnvaldr named Rhanullt. If correct, these sources could indicate that Llywelyn's father,

22623: 18774:

Duffy, S (1995). "The First Ulster Plantation: John de Courcy and the Men of Cumbria". In Berry, T; Frame, R; Simms, K (eds.).

15485: 3139:

depicted on this piece is that of a mid twelfth- to late twelfth-century bishop. The pieces are likely to have been crafted in

2282: 2264: 175:, to succeed to the kingship, the Islesmen chose Rǫgnvaldr, who was likely Óláfr's half-brother. Rǫgnvaldr went on to rule the 22434: 19676:(1969). "The Payments From the Hebrides and Isle of Man to the Crown of Norway, 1153–1263: Annual Ferme or Feudal Casualty?". 16888:

The Annals of Roger de Hoveden: Comprising the History of England and of Other Countries of Europe, From A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201

4647:

have played a significant role in the kin-strife between Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr—could be evidence of a specific bias against her.

4611:

HONORIO III PONT MAX REGINALDUS REX INSULAE MONAE IN HIBERNICO MARI CORAM LEGATO PONTIFICIO REGNUM SUUM APOSTOLICAE SEDI DONAT

22618: 21972: 21934: 21903: 21884: 21585: 21558: 21310: 21264: 21103: 20977: 20788: 20702: 20652: 20633: 20614: 20437: 20227: 20192: 20165: 20138: 20119: 20100: 20062: 19873: 19588: 19488: 19465: 19366: 19251: 19224: 19165: 19053: 18694: 18379: 18360: 18171: 18152: 17953: 17922: 17728: 17672: 17622: 17599: 17224: 17042: 16908: 2942:. The latter emerges from historical obscurity in 1215, and by the mid 1220s—about the time of Cristina and Óláfr's marriage— 2580:, where Rǫgnvaldr was granted lands from the English Crown for the service of a knight. At the time, Carlingford was part of 1966: 22558: 22356: 21751: 18491: 17762: 17335:

Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles

17316:

Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles

15577:

Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles

4286:

killing was connected to Rǫgnvaldr's accession is unknown. If Muchdanach and Murcardus were indeed the same individual, the

23242: 18370:

Crawford, BE (2014). "The Kingdom of Man and the Earldom of Orkney—Some Comparisons". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.).

1932:. There are ten surviving manuscripts, dating no later than the seventeenth century, which preserve the thirteenth-century 1730: 20091:

McDonald, RA (2007a). "Dealing Death From Man: Manx Sea Power in and around the Irish Sea, 1079–1265". In Duffy, S (ed.).

17793: 16123:. Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Record Series. Kendal: T Wilson & Son – via 3296: 2310:, In his own account of events, John declared that he had learned of the capture of Briouze's wife and children whilst at 2153:. During Courcy's subsequent revolt within the year, he received military support from Rǫgnvaldr, his brother-in-law. The 23247: 22487: 18623:

de Mandach, A (1983). "Review of P Halleux; K Togeby; A Patron-Godefroit, Karlamagnús Saga. Branches I, III, VII et IX".

17372: 2875: 2446: 2274: 1946: 1839:

related to it. Rhodri died in 1195, and the same papal letter indicates that his widow was arranged to marry his nephew,

1427:, the pieces are thought to have been crafted in Norway in the twelfth- and thirteenth centuries. They were uncovered in 231: 22836: 18319: 17641: 2326:, and repay the damages which he had caused in capturing it. The fact that Rǫgnvaldr received restoration of his nearby 2242:, and Rǫgnvaldr himself. Donnchad, the FitzRolands, and Rǫgnvaldr were important agents of the English Crown in Ireland. 322:

another—specifically the line of Rǫgnvaldr's rival half-brother over that of his own. Other important sources are royal

16730: 15357: 4593: 3237: 3193: 3073: 2665: 2661: 1659: 250: 20034:

MacQuarrie, CW (2006). "Ellan Vannin (Isle of Man) §4. The Isle of Man in Early Irish Literature". In Koch, JT (ed.).

23232: 23227: 21953: 21857: 21811: 21488: 21376: 21340: 21329: 21194: 21074: 20946: 20878: 20811: 20475: 20398: 20358: 20081: 20043: 20024: 19955: 19510: 19446: 19388: 19289: 19079: 19030: 18891: 18787: 18613: 18571: 18552: 18533: 18506: 18458: 18335: 18329: 18264: 18241: 18114: 17899: 17813: 17782: 17751: 17456: 17429: 17403: 17119: 16438: 16257: 15595: 15468: 4681:

The monks of Furness were granted the right to elect a Bishop of the Isles by Rǫgnvaldr's grandfather. In 1194/1195,

4445:. One possibility is that the poem's declarations of descent from Lochlann, Conn, and Cormac refer to figures of the 2977: 2607:

Rǫgnvaldr's gifts from the English Crown may fit into the context of John attempting to offset interference from the

2348: 2338: 3260: 22122: 21713:

Wiedemann, BGE (2016). "'Fooling the Court of the Lord Pope': Dafydd ap Llywelyn's Petition to the Curia in 1244".

21703: 20278: 3228: 2150: 2068: 1988: 1183: 418: 22305: 21848:

Williams, G (2004). "Land Assessment and the Silver Economy of Norse Scotland". In Williams, G; Bibire, P (eds.).

19868:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. 19715:

Norse Settlement in the Inner Hebrides ca. 800–1300; With Special Reference to the Islands of Mull, Coll and Tiree

4318:, a region controlled by the Meic Somairle, it could indicate a battle was fought in the area. On the other hand, 3087: 253:. Rǫgnvaldr and Alan bound themselves through the marriage of a daughter of Rǫgnvaldr to Alan's illegitimate son, 17515:"Review of RA McDonald, Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty" 4161:

primary sources. It is unknown what form he would have felt most comfortable with, although one Latin charter of

2608: 2369: 1612:

imposed upon the Caithnessmen once regaining control, suggests that Rǫgnvaldr had enjoyed support in the region.

386:, and a member of the Crovan dynasty. In the mid twelfth century, Guðrøðr Óláfsson inherited the kingship of the 18656:"Review of RA McDonald, Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting 1187–1229: King Rognvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty" 17246: 3098: 1952: 22480: 22424: 20938: 19939: 17707:

Boyd, M (2011). "Celts Seen as Muslims and Muslims Seen by Celts in Medieval Literature". In Frakes, JC (ed.).

17647: 16430: 3288: 3102:

The name of Cristinus, Bishop of the Isles as it appears on folio 50v of British Library Cotton Julius A VII: "

2991: 2951: 2943: 2364:. In the mid twelfth century, however, during his visit to Norway, Rǫgnvaldr's father appears to have become a 4782:

The chronicle's account of this episode and another dating to 1237 are the earliest records of the place name.

1884:

married a daughter of Rǫgnvaldr in about 1220. Contemporary sources, however, show that Llywelyn's mother was

466:, declares that he was a son of Sadb, an otherwise unknown Irishwoman who may have been an unrecorded wife or 22280: 17146:

Calendar of Documents Relating to Ireland, Preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office, London, 1171–1251

2859: 2166: 22346: 22082: 16672: 15501: 2811: 1738: 1623:, a seemingly twelfth- or thirteenth-century fortress, was possibly the power centre of Haraldr Maddaðarson. 979: 152: 80: 23207: 22786: 22654: 22608: 17613:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: 16900: 15537: 3319: 3121: 2867: 2134: 1336: 254: 23123: 19812:

Longley, D (1991). "The Excavation of Castell, Porth Trefadog, A Coastal Promontory Fort in North Wales".

18582: 22115: 21550: 21185:(2000). "Hebridean Sea Kings: The Successors of Somerled, 1164–1316". In Cowan, EJ; McDonald, RA (eds.). 20326:

Megaw, B (1976). "Norseman and Native in the Kingdom of the Isles: A Reassessment of the Manx Evidence".

17034: 16772: 16738: 4339:

This papal letter states that evidence had been brought forth indicating that Rhodri's marriage had been

3396: 3217: 3212: 3148: 2688:

immediate pressure at this period. It is possible, therefore, that the 1211/1212 seaborne devastation of

2021: 2000: 1725:

Rǫgnvaldr's participation in league with the Scottish Crown could have stemmed from his kinship with the

1540: 1464: 266: 183: 117: 22563: 22439: 18655: 3985:

Since the 1980s, academics have accorded Rǫgnvaldr various personal names in English secondary sources:

2557:

or others", since Rǫgnvaldr had bound himself to do the same against John's own enemies. The record of "

2319: 234:. The resurgence of Norwegian authority threat may well have been the reason why Rǫgnvaldr submitted to 22750: 22310: 17937: 17850: 17611:

Ideology and Power in the Viking and Middle Ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes

17448: 15151: 4596:, warned her brother that Hákon was rumoured to be preparing an invasion of Ireland in support of Hugh. 4570: 4241:, founder of the Crovan dynasty. The identities of the last four people in this pedigree are uncertain. 2798: 2765: 2343: 2197: 451: 218: 20179:. The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 333–349. 19914:

Data Structure Report: Geophysical Survey and Excavation at Dundrum Castle, County Down, 2012 and 2013

16977:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. 4265:, at one point during Ragnall's tenure his followers fought and slew a certain "Muchdanach", ruler of 2707:

Thirteenth-century depiction of Henry III as he appears on folio 9r of British Library Royal 14 C VII.

23093: 22851: 22583: 22578: 20662: 19480: 19063: 18251:

Cowan, EJ (1990). "Norwegian Sunset – Scottish Dawn: Hakon IV and Alexander III". In Reid, NH (ed.).

17887: 17586:

Beuermann, I (2010). "'Norgesveldet?' South of Cape Wrath? Political Views Facts, and Questions". In

17541: 17474:

Beuermann, I (2002). "Metropolitan Ambitions and Politics: Kells-Mellifont and Man & the Isles".

17295: 17021: 16968: 16946: 15421: 3377: 3342: 2593: 2577: 2381: 2306: 2231: 1907: 1881: 1803: 953: 22454: 22412: 19903: 4352:

Contemporary English records reveal that Llywelyn and Joan's betrothal took place in 1204. In 1226,

2187: 1753: 410:, the territories lost to his brother-in-law in 1153 were retained by the latter's descendants, the 359: 23161: 23113: 22613: 21635:

Wadden, P (2014). "Cath Ruis na Ríg for Bóinn: History and Literature in Twelfth-Century Ireland".

21026: 20925: 19931: 18427: 17343: 17003: 16930: 16798: 16764: 16698: 16526: 16473: 16409: 16319: 16289: 16105: 16071: 16037: 16003: 15969: 15935: 15901: 15867: 15833: 15799: 15765: 15731: 15697: 15663: 15629: 15563: 15529: 15444: 15408: 15090: 4831: 3843: 3755: 3250: 2221: 2204:

reveal that the sheriff associated twenty librates of land with Rǫgnvaldr during the year spanning

789: 209:

On numerous occasions from 1205 to 1219, Rǫgnvaldr bound himself to the English Crown by rendering

19999: 18135:(2012). "Scottish Literature Before Scottish Literature". In Carruthers, G; McIlvanney, L (eds.). 17319:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 16812:

Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, A.D. 1424–1513

4569:

At some point during his career, Rǫgnvaldr is recorded to have granted protection to the monks of

4225:

Rhanallt m. Gwythryg ap Afloyd m. Gwrthryt Mearch m. Harallt Ddu m. Ifor Gamle m. Afloyd m. Swtrig

3114:. Like the Kingdom of the Isles itself, the origins of the diocese may well lie with the Uí Ímair 2570:

English assistance, and John's influence was extended over the Isles at the expense of the Scots.

23237: 22689: 22285: 19603: 18851: 18756: 18256: 18098: 17914: 17338:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 16284:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 4. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 15580:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 4. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 15156: 4727: 2939: 2361: 1774: 1742: 1565: 1366: 455: 22444: 19852:

Early Ecclesiastical Sites in the Northern Isles and Isle of Man: An Archaeological Field Survey

16508: 2693: 1376: 22919: 22801: 22633: 22245: 21118: 17691: 17242: 16989: 16327: 16297: 16124: 16118: 15108: 3467: 3128:—begins to emerge during ongoing contentions between the Meic Somairle and the Crovan dynasty. 2922: 2803: 1782: 1476: 22588: 20750: 19337: 19327: 16664:

Monumenta de Insula Manniæ; or, A Collection of National Documents Relating to the Isle of Man

16645:

Monumenta de Insula Manniæ; or, A Collection of National Documents Relating to the Isle of Man

4238: 3131: 2889:

of the Lewis chessmen. Although the name of Rǫgnvaldr's wife is unknown, she is styled by the

1858:

Rǫgnvaldr's father's name as it appears on page 198 of National Library of Wales Peniarth 20 (

1521: 663: 23037: 22993: 22598: 22503: 22429: 22376: 21831:

Land Assessment and Military Organisation in the Norse Settlements in Scotland, c.900–1266 AD

18492:"At the Crossroads of Power and Cultural Influence: Manx Archaeology in the High Middle Ages" 18188: 17184: 16846: 4174: 3043: 2518: 2469: 1961: 1848: 1726: 407: 214: 23042: 22235: 21965:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

21086:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

20093:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

19042:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

4658: 1960:

comprises part of the Welsh Charlemagne cycle. All but one of the ten manuscripts contain a

23212: 23068: 22735: 22710: 22628: 22573: 22537: 22366: 22361: 22275: 22142: 20961: 19790:

Writing People into the Landscape: Approaches to the Archaeology of Badenoch and Strathnave

19379:(2003). "The Norwegian Kingdom: Succession Disputes and Consolidation". In Helle, K (ed.). 18878:

Duffy, S (2002). "The Bruce Brothers and the Irish Sea World, 1306–29". In Duffy, S (ed.).

17188: 17011: 15603: 15585: 4738:. This place name is ultimately derived from the same personal name, and Old Norse element 4634: 4625:

At some point in his reign, Rǫgnvaldr was apparently responsible for the foundation of the

3471:, for example, states that Rǫgnvaldr "fell a victim to the arms of the wicked"; whilst the 3407: 3302: 3111: 2807: 2697: 2072: 1940: 1885: 1877: 1787: 1596: 1517: 1472: 1387: 1202: 1138: 387: 364: 176: 22880: 21021: 20751:"Meeting in Norway: Norse-Gaelic Relations in the Kingdom of Man and the Isles, 1090–1270" 19978: 18097:

Church, SD (1998). "The 1210 Campaign in Ireland: Evidence for a Military Revolution". In

17352:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. 16493: 2660:

grants in the north of Ireland. These included three of Rǫgnvaldr's Meic Fergusa kinsmen:

2647: 2481: 2289:

A link between the flight of the Briouzes and Rǫgnvaldr appears in the thirteenth-century

2171: 1627:

Rǫgnvaldr's involvement in Caithness is also noted by the contemporary English chronicler

1600: 1350: 130: 8: 22925: 22891: 22755: 22745: 22740: 22397: 22320: 22255: 22250: 22230: 22156: 21927:

Ecclesia Nidrosiensis, 1153–1537: Søkelys på Nidaroskirkens og Nidarosprovinsens Historie

19987: 19802: 19458:

Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic

18779: 18660: 17421: 17366: 17299: 17079: 17056: 17015: 16886: 16643: 16609: 16530: 16489: 16403: 16190: 15571: 15479: 15416: 15347: 15102: 4731: 3449: 3203: 3152: 2871: 2549:

in Ireland to come to Rǫgnvaldr's aid in the event that his territory was threatened by "

2401: 2385: 1844: 1834:". This "summer of the Gaels" seems to refer the presence of Rǫgnvaldr's troops in Wales. 1710: 780: 44: 20: 22679: 22449: 20349:

Moore, D (1996). "Gruffudd ap Cynan and the Medieval Welsh Polity". In Maund, KL (ed.).

20329:

Scottish Studies: The Journal of the School of Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh

20251:

Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archæological Society

20112:

Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty

19437:

Hudson, BT (2004). "The Changing Economy of the Irish Sea Province". In Smith, B (ed.).

18797:

Duffy, S (1996a). "King John's Expedition to Ireland, 1210: The Evidence Reconsidered".

17840: 17696:

Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archæological Society

17267: 16632: 16617: 16151: 15273: 4430: 1975: 281:

Rǫgnvaldr's name as it appears on folio 40v of British Library Cotton Julius A VII (the

42:

Rǫgnvaldr's name and title as it appears on folio 154r of Oxford Jesus College 111 (the

23088: 23073: 22978: 22873: 22674: 22593: 22295: 22290: 22214: 22204: 22089: 21999: 21774: 21730: 21670: 21533: 21517: 21500: 21440: 21424: 21035: 21000: 20899: 20800: 20737: 20721: 20233: 19925: 19891: 19866:

Clerics and Clansmen: The Diocese of Argyll between the Twelfth and Sixteenth Centuries

19829: 19775: 19759: 19701: 19685: 19661: 19645: 19580: 19563: 19547: 19425: 19355: 19131: 19115: 18838: 18830: 18814: 18739: 18723: 18712:

Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171".

18642: 18132: 17996: 17980: 17867: 17712: 17574: 17558: 17493: 17441: 17301:

Sturlunga Saga Including the Islendinga Saga of Lawman Sturla Thordsson and Other Works

17272:. Norske historiske kildeskriftfonds skrifter,9. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 17263: 17144: 17062: 16997: 16882: 16868: 16806: 16724: 16595: 16562: 16540: 16335: 15452: 15402: 15325: 15252: 15232: 15212: 15192: 15172: 15146: 15136: 4682: 4200:. The poem evidences the multilingual nature of Rǫgnvaldr's court, and may reveal that 3458: 3051: 2967: 2703: 2641: 2330:

in 1219 could indicate that these lands had also been overrun and seized by the Lacys.

2323: 2239: 2123: 2047:, other historical sources indicate that he indeed had Irish connections. For example, 1770: 1758: 1620: 1156: 962: 798: 646: 495: 199: 22841: 22269: 20417: 16169: 15374: 1797:

reveal that Rǫgnvaldr militarily supported Rhodri in his successful re-acquisition of

1642: 23108: 23103: 22968: 22760: 22730: 22694: 22419: 22336: 22209: 22187: 22165: 22107: 22007: 21968: 21949: 21930: 21890: 21880: 21877:

West Over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300

21863: 21853: 21817: 21807: 21795: 21782: 21738: 21699: 21678: 21581: 21554: 21525: 21484: 21432: 21403: 21382: 21372: 21355: 21325: 21306: 21260: 21190: 21177:: 233–258 – via Associated Clan MacLeod Societies Genealogical Resource Centre. 21099: 21070: 21053: 21008: 20973: 20942: 20919: 20874: 20807: 20784: 20767: 20729: 20698: 20681: 20648: 20629: 20610: 20471: 20433: 20404: 20394: 20364: 20354: 20337: 20287: 20237: 20223: 20198: 20188: 20161: 20134: 20115: 20096: 20077: 20058: 20039: 20020: 19951: 19879: 19869: 19856: 19837: 19798: 19779: 19767: 19693: 19665: 19653: 19584: 19567: 19555: 19484: 19461: 19442: 19417: 19384: 19362: 19331: 19285: 19247: 19230: 19220: 19161: 19135: 19123: 19075: 19049: 19045: 19026: 18887: 18883: 18866: 18842: 18822: 18783: 18731: 18700: 18690: 18665: 18634: 18609: 18567: 18548: 18529: 18502: 18472: 18454: 18424:

The Earls of Orkney-Caithness and Their Relations With Norway and Scotland, 1158–1470

18410: 18385: 18375: 18356: 18325: 18260: 18237: 18167: 18148: 18120: 18110: 18106: 18000: 17988: 17976: 17949: 17918: 17895: 17875: 17832: 17809: 17778: 17747: 17724: 17678: 17668: 17628: 17618: 17595: 17566: 17501: 17452: 17425: 17399: 17347: 17333: 17314: 17220: 17209: 17133: 17115: 17038: 16972: 16950: 16924: 16850: 16810: 16792: 16758: 16706: 16692: 16662: 16434: 16384: 16365: 16313: 16279: 16268: 16253: 16228: 16209: 16133: 16114: 16099: 16065: 16031: 15997: 15963: 15929: 15895: 15861: 15827: 15793: 15759: 15725: 15691: 15657: 15623: 15589: 15575: 15557: 15523: 15464: 15438: 15351: 15098: 15084: 15064: 4630: 4626: 4353: 4273:, and thereby acquired the latter's lands. Muchdanach may be identical to a certain " 3411: 3356: 3233: 3177: 3169: 3125: 2818: 2780: 2761: 2753: 2732: 2629: 2625: 2616: 2612: 2531: 2501: 2226: 2092: 1860: 1793: 1699: 1532: 1456: 301: 299:

The main source for Rǫgnvaldr and his reign is the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century

283: 235: 164: 125: 62: 20969: 18714: 18209:

Coira, MP (2008). "The Earl of Argyll and the Goill: The 'Flodden Poem' Revisited".

18196:

Coira, MP (2008). "The Earl of Argyll and the Goill: The 'Flodden Poem' Revisited".

17514: 16577: 16544: 16361: 16339: 15481:

Documents Illustrative of English History in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries

15417:"Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 016II: Matthew Paris OSB, Chronica Maiora II" 3300:

Alan's name as it appears on folio 28v of British Library Cotton Faustina B IX (the

3029: 23118: 23078: 23016: 22940: 22846: 22791: 22684: 22240: 21991: 21834: 21799: 21766: 21722: 21662: 21653: 21608: 21573: 21509: 21459: 21281: 21252: 21220: 21139: 21089: 21043: 20992: 20965: 20956:

Rejhon, AC (2017). "Cân Rolant/The Song of Roland". In Echard, S; Rouse, R (eds.).

20842: 20628:. Trondheim Studies in History. Trondheim: Tapir Academic Press. pp. 125–148. 20578: 20538: 20498: 20452: 20425: 20306: 20258: 20215: 20212:

Kings, Usurpers, and Concubines in the Chronicles of the Kings of Man and the Isles

20180: 20153: 20019:. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe. pp. 81–100. 20003: 19825: 19821: 19751: 19732: 19718: 19673: 19637: 19607: 19539: 19409: 19400: 19306: 19188: 19153: 19107: 18994: 18954: 18914: 18806: 18760: 18682: 18431: 18287: 18140: 18070: 18030: 17972: 17941: 17859: 17801: 17770: 17716: 17614: 17550: 17485: 17278: 17273: 17178: 17169: 17164: 17154: 17105: 17052: 16983: 16512: 16467: 15388: 15333: 15297: 15292: 4192: 4154: 3443: 3346: 3185: 3004: 2827: 2814:, appears to have attempted the procurement of Hákon's assistance at a later date. 2652: 2392: 2235: 2084: 1888:, an undoubted wife of Gruffydd. In yet another Welsh pedigree—one compiled by the 1628: 1608: 1512: 1452: 1147: 459: 246: 22171: 21627: 21471: 21293: 21239: 21158: 20861: 20597: 20557: 20517: 20318: 19318: 19207: 19013: 18973: 18933: 18306: 18089: 18049: 17945: 17594:. Trondheim Studies in History. Trondheim: Tapir Academic Press. pp. 99–123. 17158: 16273:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Longman & Co. 16185:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Longman & Co. 2513: 2091:. Rǫgnvaldr's antecessors were certainly closely associated with the Norse-Gaelic 1502:

in defeat, and the fresh blows were as battle demons from thee; many the men in a

23171: 23156: 23128: 23098: 23083: 23063: 22907: 22901: 22816: 22720: 22315: 22261: 22198: 21651:(1994). "Bishops in the Isles Before 1203: Bibliography and Biographical Lists". 20817: 20695:

Scotland, England and France After the Loss of Normandy, 1204–1296: 'Auld Amitie'

19966: 19499: 19341: 19277: 19145: 18478: 18222: 18144: 17743: 17462: 17413: 17353: 17320: 17305: 17283: 17230: 17192: 17085: 17066: 16956: 16856: 16832: 16816: 16649: 16583: 16550: 16477: 16444: 16413: 16390: 16371: 16349: 16247: 16234: 16215: 16194: 16180: 16157: 16139: 15506: 15489: 15460: 15361: 15279: 15112: 4719: 4250:

There is evidence to suggest that Guðrøðr Óláfsson had another son named Ruaidrí.

2947: 2907: 2637: 2633: 2327: 2260: 2210: 1912: 1734: 1636: 1553: 1448: 944: 623: 403: 351:

composed in Rǫgnvaldr's honour, also cast light upon Rǫgnvaldr's life and times.

210: 195: 21415:

Topping, P (1983). "Harald Maddadson, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, 1139–1206".

20609:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 17894:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 15353:

Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland

23186: 22896: 22886: 22664: 22532: 22527: 22522: 22392: 22059: 21612: 21367:

Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.).

21285: 21224: 21143: 20846: 20582: 20542: 20502: 20310: 19600:

Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000

19398:

Holden, BW (2001). "King John, the Braoses, and the Celtic Fringe, 1207–1216".

19357:

Ireland: An Oxford Archaeological Guide to Sites From Earliest Times to AD 1600

19310: 19262: 19192: 18998: 18958: 18918: 18468: 18291: 18074: 18034: 17129: 16613: 16456: 15338: 15125: 4808:

Guðrøðr Crovan's ancestry is uncertain, although he very well may have been an

4502: 4442: 4426: 4298:. At one point, the poem declares that Rǫgnvaldr "brought a crushing defeat on 4214: 4197: 4162: 4158: 3181: 3168:

consecrated in 1210. Another possibility is that the see was administered from

3047: 2963: 2843: 2771: 2497: 2176: 2142: 2119: 2096: 1921: 1765:

From its earliest years, the Crovan dynasty forged alliances with the northern

1651: 1468: 1420: 1192: 371: 314: 226: 203: 142: 21995: 21597: 21577: 21513: 21463: 21256: 21209: 21128: 20831: 20567: 20527: 20487: 20429: 20219: 20007: 19217:

The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

19177: 18983: 18943: 18903: 18810: 18276: 18059: 18019: 18012:. Studies in Anglesey History Series. Llangefni: Anglesey Antiquarian Society. 16405:

Annals of the Reigns of Malcolm and William, Kings of Scotland, A.D. 1153–1214

16214:. Vol. 1, pt. 1. The Commissioners on the Public Records of the Kingdom. 2360:

and the reign of Hákon, Norwegian power in the Isles was negligible due to an

2129: 1819:"), which could further evince the participation of Rǫgnvaldr and his troops. 23201: 23181: 23166: 23151: 23138: 23047: 23021: 23006: 22958: 22821: 22659: 22542: 22300: 22027: 22011: 22003: 21894: 21867: 21821: 21806:. Thirteenth Century England. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 82–93. 21786: 21778: 21742: 21734: 21682: 21674: 21666: 21648: 21529: 21521: 21436: 21428: 21407: 21386: 21371:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. 21359: 21057: 21039: 21012: 21004: 20771: 20733: 20725: 20685: 20408: 20368: 20341: 20291: 20202: 19883: 19841: 19833: 19771: 19763: 19697: 19689: 19657: 19649: 19641: 19559: 19551: 19543: 19504: 19421: 19234: 19127: 19119: 19111: 18870: 18826: 18818: 18735: 18727: 18669: 18638: 18414: 18389: 18124: 17992: 17984: 17879: 17871: 17836: 17682: 17632: 17587: 17570: 17562: 17519: 17505: 17497: 17216: 16331: 16079: 16045: 16011: 15977: 15943: 15909: 15637: 4809: 4723: 4446: 4438: 4327: 4261: 3481: 3140: 3082: 2886: 2881: 2745: 2737: 2314:, a statement which may hint that the attack on Mann was punitive in nature. 2311: 2191:

Locations in Britain and Ireland relating to the life and times of Rǫgnvaldr.

2107: 1558: 1536: 1444: 1428: 1411: 411: 375: 335: 20157: 20074:

Britain and Ireland, 900–1300: Insular Responses to Medieval European Change

19439:

Britain and Ireland, 900–1300: Insular Responses to Medieval European Change

19345: 19157: 18482: 17720: 17357: 17324: 17287: 17234: 17196: 17070: 16960: 16860: 16820: 16653: 16587: 16554: 16481: 16394: 16375: 16238: 16219: 16161: 16143: 15875: 15841: 15807: 15773: 15739: 15705: 15671: 4407:

An excerpt of the colophon in National Library of Wales Peniarth 10 reads: "

3399:, has been dubiously associated with Rǫgnvaldr since the nineteenth century. 2901:" ("Queen of the Isles"). Almost nothing is known of queenship in the Isles. 2200:

to assign thirty marcates of land to Rǫgnvaldr. Accordingly, the Lancashire

367: 23176: 23001: 22831: 22806: 22649: 22603: 21695: 21204: 21182: 21166: 20821: 20353:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 1–60. 19755: 19282:

Britain and Ireland 900–1300: Insular Responses to Medieval European Change

19071: 18517: 18516:

Davey, PJ (2006a). "Christianity in the Celtic Countries Isle of Man". In

17466: 17204: 17097: 17089: 17033:. Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures (2nd ed.). Toronto: 16938: 16623: 16448: 16417: 16353: 15493: 15365: 15116: 4481: 4434: 4270: 3462: 3423: 3415: 3338: 3110:

The ecclesiastical jurisdiction within Rǫgnvaldr's realm was the far-flung

2927: 2838: 2757: 2621: 2585: 2535: 2278: 2044: 1903: 1766: 1647: 1588: 1416: 344: 106: 22715: 20389:

Murray, N (2005). "Swerving From the Path of Justice". In Oram, RD (ed.).

20184: 20015:

Mac Mathúna, S (1992). "Post-Norman Irish Literature". In Price, G (ed.).

18686: 17863: 17805: 17774: 17138:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 4. Longman & Co. 3199: 1705: 1686:

when he had earlier granted Caithness to Haraldr Eiríksson, a grandson of

347:

as well. In addition, certain Welsh genealogies, and a contemporary Irish

22669: 22568: 21770: 21084:

Ross, A (2007). "Moray, Ulster, and the MacWilliams". In Duffy, S (ed.).

21048: 20996: 20697:. St Andrews Studies in Scottish History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 18601: 18501:. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 81–102. 18398: 17738:

Bridgland, N (2004). "The Medieval Church in Argyll". In Omand, D (ed.).

17554: 17489: 16974:

Royal and Other Historical Letters Illustrative of the Reign of Henry III

16828: 15393: 15173:"Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat" 15147:"Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat" 11276:

pp. 143 § 944, 149–150 § 977, 159–160 § 1040, 189 § 1240, 218–219 § 1447.

4422: 4340: 3270: 2406: 2145:. Rǫgnvaldr's forces assisted those of Courcy against the castle in 1205. 2115: 2111: 2060: 1925: 1575: 1506:

prostrate in defeat from a bright slender blue-eyed noble battle-spirit".

395: 348: 310: 22472: 21726: 21572:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–181. 21537: 21444: 21251:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 415–440. 20741: 20424:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 131–156. 19705: 19383:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 369–391. 19040:

Duffy, S (2007). "The Prehistory of the Galloglass". In Duffy, S (ed.).

18834: 18743: 18646: 18372:

Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200

18236:. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 25–44. 17665:

Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200

17578: 17396:

The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland

16634:

Chronica Regvm Manniæ et Insvlarvm: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys

16619:

Chronica Regvm Manniæ et Insvlarvm: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys

16472:. Publications of the Scottish History Society. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: 1801:

three years later. Another mediaeval Welsh text, the fourteenth-century

22963: 21922: 20987:

Rekdal, JE (2003–2004). "Vikings and Saints—Encounters Vestan um Haf".

20152:. The New Middle Ages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 143–184. 19515: 19429: 19376: 19152:. The New Middle Ages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 123–142. 18776:

Colony and Frontier in Medieval Ireland: Essays Presented to J.F. Lydon

18583:"Eleven Years of Archaeological Research at Rushen Abbey, 1998 to 2008" 18562:

Davey, PJ (2006c). "Sodor and Man, The Diocese of". In Koch, JT (ed.).

17825:"Tynwald: A Manx Cult-Site and Institution of Pre-Scandinavian Origin?" 16892: 16345: 4746:("piece of ground", "homestead", "ruins"). Two other place names, both 4699: 4221:

preserves a pedigree concerning Rǫgnvaldr himself. The pedigree runs: "

3386: 3328: 3246: 2692:

by Thomas fitz Roland, and the unidentified sons of Ragnall—apparently

2205: 2201: 2076: 1996: 1992: 1910:

as it appears on folio 170r of Cambridge Corpus Christi College 16 II (

1893: 1714: 21944:

Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.).

21839: 20457: 20055:

The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 1100–c. 1336

19723: 19612: 18765: 18543:

Davey, PJ (2006b). "Kingdom of Man and the Isles". In Koch, JT (ed.).

18436: 18277:"Harald Maddadson, Earl of Caithness and Earl of Orkney (1133/4–1206)" 18166:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 63–71. 17110: 16517: 16429:, California Studies in the History of Art, Berkeley and Los Angeles: 2954:

in 1221–1222. Óláfr's subsequent realignment with Ferchar—Alexander's

2472:

as it appears on folio 217v of Cambridge Corpus Christi College 16 II.

1698:. In any event, although it is not impossible that Rǫgnvaldr ruled as 426:

time, Rǫgnvaldr was a hardy young man fully capable to reign as king.

23146: 23011: 22973: 22913: 22796: 22193: 21094: 20937:. University of California Publications: Modern Philology. Berkeley: 20758: 20376:

Moore, TM (1966). "A Vatican Fresco: An Incident From Manx History".

18450: 16842: 15330:

Annales Furnesienses: History and Antiquities of the Abbey of Furness

4201: 3334: 3236:

from a distance. The fortress was likely the western power centre of

3144: 2995:(including this excerpt) accords him an epithet meaning "black", the 2971: 2542: 2285:

as it appears on folio 33v of Cambridge Corpus Christi College 16 II.

2064: 1970: 1654:, marks the site where Haraldr Maddaðarson was defeated by Rǫgnvaldr. 1510:

At roughly this period, in 1209, the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century

1424: 467: 327: 245:Óláfr's allotment in Rǫgnvaldr's island-kingdom appears to have been 222: 191: 20667:(CD-ROM) (Version 4.0, 2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2009. 20263: 19804:

A History of Wales From the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest

19413: 18399:"St Patrick and St Maughold: Saints' Dedications in the Isle of Man" 4290:

would appear to preserve the memory of Meic Somairle intrusion into

2981:

The name of Guðrøðr Dond as it appears on folio 163v of AM 47 fol: "

22953: 22930: 22826: 22811: 22725: 22351: 21752:"The Character of Papal Finance at the Turn of the Twelfth Century" 21341:"The Diocese of Sodor Between Niðaróss and Avignon-Rome, 1266–1472" 20247:"A Note Upon the Connections of Furness Abbey With the Isle of Man" 18525: 17524: 16461:. Vol. 1. Inverness: The Northern Counties Publishing Company. 4548: 4291: 4050: 3453:

Ruinous St Mary's Abbey, Furness, where Rǫgnvaldr was laid to rest.

3446:, which in turn suggests that negotiations may have been intended. 3323: 3116: 2597: 2573: 2015: 1798: 1778: 1761:, and the extent of English dominance in Ireland and Wales, c.1200. 1001: 391: 306: 262: 258: 21963:

Woolf, A (2007). "A Dead Man at Ballyshannon". In Duffy, S (ed.).

21247:

Simms, K (2018). "Gaelic Culture and Society". In Smith, B (ed.).

18704: 16711: 3015: 22983: 22948: 22867: 22776: 19850: 19361:. Oxford Archaeological Guides. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 18880:

Robert the Bruce's Irish Wars: The Invasions of Ireland 1306–1329

17476: 15594:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 6. London: 4560:

The circumstances under which these men were detained is unknown.

4315: 4266: 2717: 2566: 2546: 2526: 2373: 2256: 239: 137: 19:

For the eleventh-century King of the Isles of the same name, see

22161: 20889: 19788: 19530:

Jamroziak, E (2008). "Holm Cultram Abbey: A Story of Success?".

18566:. Vol. 4. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1618–1619. 18547:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1057–1058. 18182: 17769:. Vol. 6. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 191–235. 17709:

Contextualizing the Muslim Other in Medieval Christian Discourse

3426:. The derivation of this place name—from the Old Norse elements 2224:

as he is depicted in Leiden University Library Letterkunde 191 (

2216: 1615: 22781: 22039: 21568:

Veach, C (2018). "Conquest and Conquerors". In Smith, B (ed.).

20057:. Scottish Historical Monographs. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. 18499:

Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment

17800:. Vol. 6. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 27–190. 16252:. Vol. 2. London: George E. Eyre and Andrew Spottiswoode. 15306: 4750:, also preserve the personal name on the island. At one point, 4747: 4695: 3477: 2823: 2776: 2749: 2601: 2581: 2410: 2365: 2346:

as it appears on folio 100r of British Library Royal 14 C VII (

2088: 1929: 1889: 1718: 1491: 331: 20038:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 677–679. 19807:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 17643:

The Norwegian Attack on Iona in 1209–10: The Last Viking Raid?

17160:

Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia

16230:

Rotuli de Liberate ac de Misis et Praestitis, Regnante Johanne

4425:, although it is not impossible that it instead refers to the 2075:. The mannequin is looking through the window of the castle's 1439:, Rǫgnvaldr gave Óláfr possession of a certain island called " 21794:

Wilkinson, LJ (2005). "Joan, Wife of Llywelyn the Great". In

20712:

Power, R (1986). "Magnus Barelegs' Expeditions to the West".

18316:"The Earldom of Caithness and Kingdom of Scotland, 1150–1266" 16386:

Det Arnamagnæanske Hanndskrift 81a Fol. (Skálholtsbók Yngsta)

4525: 4320: 4308: 4300: 4150: 3489: 3485: 3136: 2863: 2689: 2103: 1944:. Along with the Welsh versions of the twelfth-century texts 1816: 1496: 444:

outlining Rǫgnvaldr's parentage as a son of Guðrøðr and Sadb.

398:. He soon faced internal opposition from his brother-in-law, 318: 171:. Although the latter may have intended for his younger son, 20935:

Cân Rolant: The Medieval Welsh Version of the Song of Roland

20626:

The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World c. 1100–c. 1400

20133:. Vol. 8. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 131–149. 19579:. Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe. Turnhout: 19219:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 18353:

The Northern Earldoms: Orkney and Caithness From 870 to 1470

17592:

The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World c. 1100–c. 1400

16281:

Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I

16270:

Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I

2521:

as he appears on folio 9r of British Library Royal 14 C VII.

1486:

Excerpt from page 26 of Dublin Royal Irish Academy 23 E 29 (

20672:

Pollock, M (Winter 2005). "Rebels of the West, 1209–1216".

20276:: Sovereignty and Rhetoric in the Late Medieval Hebrides". 20076:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 179–198. 19284:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 114–134. 18445:

Crooks, P (2005). "Ulster, Earldom of". In Duffy, S (ed.).

16156:. Vol. 3. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 1868. 15259:(16 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013b 4735: 4429:. "Conn of the chains" represents the legendary Irish king 3050:

displaying a contemporary sailing vessel. The power of the

2938:

states that Óláfr proceeded to marry Cristina, daughter of

2458: 2396: 2169:. The expedition is also recorded by the sixteenth-century 2138: 1591:

milieu, contending with Scottish and Norwegian kings alike.

1587:". Like Rǫgnvaldr, Haraldr Maddaðarson operated in a mixed 1503: 1494:

about Rǫgnvaldr translates: "Thou hast inflicted a rout on

417:

Guðrøðr Óláfsson had one daughter and at least three sons:

339: 21925:(2003). "The Diocese of the Sudreyar". In Imsen, S (ed.). 21324:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 82–113. 21274:

Smith, B (October 2006). "Lacy, Hugh de, earl of Ulster".

21169:(1997–1998). "The Ancestry of the MacLeods Reconsidered". 16709:(1956–1957). "A Poem in Praise of Raghnall, King of Man". 15239:(3 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013a 15219:(5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008 15104:

Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers, A.D. 500 to 1286

2833: 2541:

In another record, also dated 16 May, John authorised his

2038:; one of several parts associating Rǫgnvaldr with Ireland. 338:—also pertain to his life and times. Several Scandinavian 20806:. Oxford Historical Monographs. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 19441:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 39–66. 18474:

Island Heritage: Dealing With Some Phases of Manx History

18139:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 13–26. 16249:

Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati

16196:

Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi Asservati

4437:

off western Ireland, although another possibility may be

3072:

Roughly about this point in time, correspondence between

2087:, and appears to evince the prospect of seizing power in 454:

in about 1228 reveal that Óláfr described Rǫgnvaldr as a

18852:"Ulster and the Irish Sea Region in the Twelfth Century" 18184:

A Keystone of Contention: The Earldom of Ross, 1215–1517

17180:

The Itinerary Through Wales and the Description of Wales

16834:

The Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops

16673:"Oxford Jesus College MS. 111 (The Red Book of Hergest)" 15291:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House. 4702:, a place name derived from the Old Norse personal name 2596:, and one hundred measures of corn to be paid yearly at 2333: 21481:

The Welsh Princes: The Native Rulers of Wales 1063–1283

19948:

Dùthchas Nan Gàidheal: Selected Essays of John MacInnes

19737:"Further Discoveries of Cross-Slabs in the Isle of Man" 19272:. Reykjavík: Stofnun Árna Magnússona. pp. 194–207. 19021:

Duffy, S (2005). "Courcy, John de". In Duffy, S (ed.).

17911:

Otherworlds: Fantasy and History in Medieval Literature

16837:. Vol. 3. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 16532:

Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois d'Angleterre

15199:(13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005 15179:(13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005 4149:. Various forms of his name are recorded in Old Norse, 3920:

1. Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles (died 1229)

3054:

laid in their armed galley-fleets. If the contemporary

2292:

Histoire des ducs de Normandie et des rois d'Angleterre

179:

for almost forty years before losing control to Óláfr.

22137: 19623:"Notes of various Objects of Antiquity in Strathnaver" 17211:

The Journey Through Wales and the Description of Wales

16726:

Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III: A.D. 1216–1225

16201:

The Commissioners on the Public Records of the Kingdom

15457:

The Triumph Tree: Scotland's Earliest Poetry, 550–1350

4049:. Likewise, academics have accorded Rǫgnvaldr various 3220:, and whose tenure outlived both Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr. 2966:. Óláfr is stated to have been followed into exile by 1826:

Excerpt from folio 254r of Oxford Jesus College 111: "

19942:(2006). "Gaelic Poetry and Historical Tradition". In 19744:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

19630:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

19099:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

16955:. Vol. 1, pts. 1–2. The Hague: Joannem Neaulme. 16495:

Heraldic Visitations of Wales and Part of the Marches

6816:§ 279. Baile suthach sith Eamhna (or "suthain�?) $ ; 6541:

pp. xiii tab. 3, xv tab. 4, xvi tab. 5, xvii tab. 6;

1973:, including those that became the thirteenth-century 1969:, many Anglo-Norman manuscripts were translated into 1527: 21129:"William I [William the Lion] (c.1142–1214)" 15135:

Anderson, J; Hjaltalin, JA; Goudie, G, eds. (1873).

13697:§ 279. Baile suthach sith Eamhna (or "suthain�?) $ . 8654:§ 279. Baile suthach sith Eamhna (or "suthain�?) $ . 8457:§ 279. Baile suthach sith Eamhna (or "suthain�?) $ . 6995:§ 279. Baile suthach sith Eamhna (or "suthain�?) $ . 6481:§ 279. Baile suthach sith Eamhna (or "suthain�?) $ . 6403:§ 279. Baile suthach sith Eamhna (or "suthain�?) $ . 3058:

is to be believed, Rǫgnvaldr's own vessel was named

2449:, whereupon the two took their lands from Ingi as a 21547:

Lordship in Four Realms: The Lacy Family, 1166–1241

21452:Turner, RV (October 2006). "Briouze , William de". 20781:

The Story of Iona: An Illustrated History and Guide

20177:

Maritime Societies of the Viking and Medieval World

18497:. In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). 17349:

Brut y Tywysigion; or, The Chronicle of the Princes

15127:

Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286

4547:" is the result of confusion regarding Rǫgnvaldr's 3147:). Some of the pieces may have been gifts from the 2727: 334:composed in England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and 21596: 21208: 21127: 20958:The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain 20830: 20799: 20566: 20526: 20488:"Alan, Lord of Galloway (b. before 1199, d. 1234)" 20486: 20274:Rí Innsi Gall, Rí Fionnghall, Ceannas nan Gàidheal 19503: 19354: 19176: 18982: 18942: 18902: 18275: 18058: 18018: 17440: 17269:Codex Frisianus: En Samling Af Norske Konge-Sagaer 17208: 16852:The Text of the Bruts From the Red Book of Hergest 16233:. London: George E. Eyre and Andrew Spottiswoode. 2505:kingdom—clearly resulted in severe repercussions. 2083:The poem also alludes to Rǫgnvaldr's right to the 1866: 1828: 1809: 50: 21189:. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. pp. 187–218. 20894:(PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Glasgow. 19793:(PhD thesis). Vol. 1. University of Glasgow. 19091:"Argyll and the Isles in the Earlier Middle Ages" 18253:Scotland in the Reign of Alexander III, 1249–1286 17648:Iona Research Conference, April 10th to 12th 2012 17447:. Regesta Regum Scottorum, 1153–1424. Edinburgh: 10785: 10783: 8238: 8236: 4830:Affraic's mother was an illegitimate daughter of 4539:—coupled with the possibility that the source's " 4451:Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain 3223: 3135:A bishop gaming piece of the Lewis chessmen. The 2182: 1571:Haraldr Maddaðarson, Earl of Orkney and Caithness 1549:Haraldr Maddaðarson, Earl of Orkney and Caithness 458:son of his father. Furthermore, the contemporary 188:Haraldr Maddaðarson, Earl of Orkney and Caithness 23199: 21322:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community 19070:. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: 18859:Group for the Study of Irish Historic Settlement 17104:. Oslo: Norsk historisk kjeldeskrift-institutt. 3367: 2682:celebrating Rǫgnvaldr's qualities as a sea-king. 2399:was pillaged. These reports are corroborated by 2165:", before being beaten back with the arrival of 1406: 23223:13th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles 23218:12th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles 21171:Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness 19971:Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness 19270:Samtíðarsögur: The Contemporary Sagas. Forprent 17443:The Acts of William I, King of Scots, 1165–1214 16174:. Vol. 9. Copenhagen: S. L. Möllers. 1835. 4740: 4712: 4704: 4533: 4375: 3436: 3428: 3276: 2983: 2615:in particular. In fact, there is evidence that 2486: 2451: 1785:. The thirteenth- and fourteenth-century texts 1692: 1680: 1672: 1664: 1581: 16:12th and 13th-century king in the British Isles 21022:"David ap Llywelyn, the First Prince of Wales" 20891:Medieval Landscapes and Lordship in South Uist 18137:The Cambridge Companion to Scottish Literature 17418:Scotland and its Neighbours in the Middle Ages 16211:Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati 10780: 9441: 9439: 8233: 7847: 7845: 6613: 6611: 3693:Guðrøðr Óláfsson, King of Dublin and the Isles 2508: 384:Guðrøðr Óláfsson, King of Dublin and the Isles 169:Guðrøðr Óláfsson, King of Dublin and the Isles 22488: 22123: 21967:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 77–85. 21088:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 24–44. 20095:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 45–76. 19911:Macdonald, P; McQuillan, L; Young, T (n.d.). 17248:The Life of Gudmund the Good, Bishop of Holar 12029: 12027: 10419: 10417: 2850:Upon Óláfr's return from his pilgrimage, the 2378:Robert de Torigni, Abbot of Mont Saint-Michel 21929:. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. pp. 171–181. 21607:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 21458:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 21369:Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography 21280:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 21219:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 21138:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 20841:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 20577:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 20537:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 20497:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 20449:The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 20418:"Perception and Reality: Ireland c.980–1229" 20351:Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography 20305:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 19305:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 19187:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 18993:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 18953:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 18913:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 18286:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 18164:The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature 18069:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 18029:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 14304: 14302: 12797: 12795: 12390: 12388: 9329: 9327: 4541: 3529:Guðrøðr Crovan, King of Dublin and the Isles 3268:, as it appears on folio 163r of AM 47 fol ( 3264:The name of Rǫgnvaldr's rival half-brother, 2439: 2431: 2423: 2415: 2106:(an area roughly encompassing what is today 1924:translation of mediaeval texts dealing with 1562:remarkable resistance to such interference. 354: 305:, a historical account of the rulers of the 167:from 1187 to 1226. He was the eldest son of 21904:"Manx Memorial Stones of the Viking Period" 21549:. Manchester Medieval Studies. Manchester: 20802:Native Law and the Church in Medieval Wales 20607:Domination and Lordship: Scotland 1070–1230 18753:Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 18321:Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland 17029:Somerville, AA; McDonald, RA, eds. (2014). 17017:Celtic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alban 16427:The Art of Matthew Paris in Chronica Majora 10160:Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 016II 9793: 9791: 9611:Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 016II 9436: 8276:Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 016II 7842: 6608: 4609: 4495: 4474: 4392: 4367: 4275: 4231: 4223: 4167: 4063:Raghnall mac Gofhraidh mhic Amhlaíbh Dheirg 3442:("field", "meadow")—reveals that it was an 3350:final conflict between Óláfr and Rǫgnvaldr. 3308: 2934:Once freed from his arranged marriage, the 2917: 2895: 2744:In September 1219, whilst in London at the 2559: 2551: 2159: 2043:Although Rǫgnvaldr is not mentioned in the 1781:apparently by the sons of his own brother, 289: 22495: 22481: 22130: 22116: 21804:Proceedings of the Durham Conference, 2003 19025:. New York: Routledge. pp. 108–1109. 18324:. Edinburgh: John Donald. pp. 25–43. 17692:"Effigies in the Diocese of Carlise Bower" 17081:Chronicon de Lanercost, M.CC.I.–M.CCC.XLVI 16985:Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland 16873:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 16815:. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. 16648:. Vol. 1. Douglas, IM: Manx Society. 16600:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 16567:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 15289:Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland 15021: 15019: 13761: 13759: 13259: 13257: 12048:pp. 157 fig. 2b, 163 fig. 8f, 188 fig. 15. 12024: 11058: 11056: 10480: 10478: 10414: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8172: 7022: 4722:"). The site was once a landing place for 2480:probably represent Rǫgnvaldr and his son, 2304:, and the continuation of twelfth-century 2269:Donnchad mac Gilla Brigte, Earl of Carrick 22502: 21838: 21093: 21047: 20456: 20262: 20036:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 19722: 19611: 19246:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 18764: 18681:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 18626:Journal of English and Germanic Philology 18564:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 18545:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 18522:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 18477:. Manchester: George Falkner & Sons. 18435: 17934:The Cambridge History of Irish Literature 17277: 17168: 17109: 17020:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: 16982:Simpson, GG; Galbraith, JD, eds. (n.d.). 16667:. Vol. 2. Douglas, IM: Manx Society. 16637:. Vol. 2. Douglas, IM: Manx Society. 16516: 15392: 15337: 15296: 14772: 14770: 14768: 14299: 12792: 12385: 11698: 11696: 10244: 10242: 9324: 8367: 8365: 7556: 7554: 7552: 2985:Gudʀeði Svarta s(yni) Raugnualldz konungs 2006: 1573:as it appears on folio 56v of AM 47 fol ( 400:Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll 238:in 1219, and promised to pay a perpetual 21833:(PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. 21187:Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages 20451:(PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. 19717:(PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. 19299:Gillingham, J (September 2010). "John". 19242:Forte, A; Oram, RD; Pedersen, F (2005). 17256:The Viking Society for Northern Research 16498:. Vol. 1. Llandovery: William Rees. 16182:Chartularies of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin 16120:The Register and Records of Holm Cultram 14950: 14948: 9788: 8215: 8213: 6901: 6899: 4852: 4850: 4637:rights to some of the lands of Ormesham. 3448: 3333: 3295: 3259: 3227: 3198: 3130: 3097: 2976: 2921: 2880: 2837: 2770: 2731: 2702: 2646: 2572: 2512: 2463: 2337: 2273: 2215: 2186: 2128: 2059: 1898: 1853: 1821: 1752: 1704: 1641: 1614: 1564: 1531: 1481: 1410: 358: 276: 21948:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. 21604:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 21455:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 21277:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 21216:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 21135:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 20838:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 20574:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 20534:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 20494:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 20302:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 19302:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 19184:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 18990:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 18950:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 18910:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 18283:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 18066:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 18026:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 15130:. Vol. 2. London: Oliver and Boyd. 15016: 13756: 13254: 12532: 11053: 10475: 8169: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6406: 3180:, and brought back to Norway the joint 3155:during the reign of Rǫgnvaldr's father. 3093: 2834:Reunification and Scottish machinations 2380:reported a mid-century meeting between 1920:Rǫgnvaldr was also responsible for the 1841:Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of Gwynedd 23200: 22624:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland 22032:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 22028:"Ragnvald, King of the Isles (d.1229)" 21305:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. 20873:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. 20645:Alexander II, King of Scots, 1214–1249 17368:The Register of the Priory of St. Bees 16294:Early Manuscripts at Oxford University 16084:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 16050:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 16016:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15982:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15948:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15914:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15880:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15846:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15812:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15778:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15744:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15710:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15676:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15642:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 15486:George E. Eyre and Andrew Spottiswoode 15379:. Vol. 2, pt. 3. Chetham Society. 14765: 14265: 14263: 12331: 12329: 12327: 12325: 12323: 12308: 11693: 11295:Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III 11237:Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III 11194:Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III 11152:Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III 11088:Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III 10239: 9851:Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III 8608:Patent Rolls of the Reign of Henry III 8362: 7549: 6080: 5549: 5547: 5534: 5532: 5507: 5505: 5436: 5434: 5297: 5295: 3922: 3823: 3713: 3709: 3697: 3600: 3518: 3514: 2854:records that Rǫgnvaldr had him marry " 2003:, once a centre of Welsh scholarship. 1688:Rǫgnvaldr Kali Kolsson, Earl of Orkney 22476: 22111: 21303:Llywelyn Ap Gruffudd: Prince of Wales 19950:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 3–33. 19479:. Studies in Welsh History. Cardiff: 17439:Barrow, GWS; Scott, WW, eds. (1971). 17391:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 16909:Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 14945: 10059:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 9993:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 8210: 6896: 6177: 6175: 5672: 5670: 4847: 4754:acclaims Rǫgnvaldr as "King of Coll". 4219:Achau Brenhinoedd a Thywysogion Cymru 3919: 3909: 3897: 3887: 3883: 3871: 3868: 3858: 3841: 3831: 3827: 3811: 3808: 3798: 3786: 3776: 3772: 3760: 3753: 3743: 3731: 3721: 3717: 3690: 3680: 3668: 3658: 3654: 3642: 3640: 3630: 3618: 3608: 3604: 3588: 3581: 3571: 3559: 3549: 3545: 3533: 3526: 3522: 3286:Also in 1224, the thirteenth-century 2334:Divided loyalties: England and Norway 2028:while probing Ireland's cold shores. 1878:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales 1650:Clach an Righ ("King's Stone"), near 1385: 1383: 1374: 1372: 1365: 1358: 1356: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1287: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1200: 1198: 1191: 1182: 1180: 1173: 1171: 1164: 1162: 1155: 1153: 1146: 1144: 1137: 1091: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1015: 1000: 995: 993: 991: 989: 987: 985: 978: 976: 974: 972: 970: 968: 961: 959: 952: 950: 943: 937: 935: 933: 927: 925: 923: 921: 919: 917: 915: 909: 907: 905: 903: 901: 899: 897: 891: 889: 887: 881: 879: 877: 871: 838: 821: 806: 804: 797: 795: 788: 786: 779: 751: 749: 747: 745: 743: 741: 739: 733: 731: 729: 727: 725: 723: 721: 695: 693: 691: 685: 675: 673: 671: 669: 662: 660: 658: 656: 654: 652: 645: 638: 636: 634: 632: 630: 628: 621: 595: 593: 591: 589: 587: 585: 583: 581: 579: 577: 575: 573: 571: 569: 567: 565: 563: 561: 559: 533: 527: 525: 523: 521: 519: 517: 515: 513: 511: 509: 507: 505: 503: 501: 494: 492: 490: 488: 486: 21692:Medieval Church Councils in Scotland 20783:. London: Canterbury Press Norwich. 20528:"Fergus, Lord of Galloway (d. 1161)" 19381:The Cambridge History of Scandinavia 18606:The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063–1415 18060:"Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (c.1173–1240)" 17381: 17135:Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 16370:. Oslo: Julius Thømtes Boktrykkeri. 6679: 4631:Cistercian monastery of Holm Cultram 3584:Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles 3331:of the English and Scottish realms. 2999:accords him another meaning "brown". 2748:, Rǫgnvaldr surrendered Mann to the 1748: 1731:Roland fitz Uhtred, Lord of Galloway 21115:The Province of Moray, c. 1000–1230 20871:The Acts of Welsh Rulers, 1120–1283 19477:Wales and the Crusades, c.1095–1291 19460:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 19263:"1236: Órækja Meiddr ok Heill Gerr" 19068:Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom 18608:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 17373:Publications of the Surtees Society 17215:. Penguin Classics. Harmondsworth: 16138:. Liverpool: Henry Young and Sons. 15141:. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. 15004: 14287: 14260: 12320: 10662:pp. 137–138, 137 n. 75, 138 n. 78; 10654:pp. 144–145, 144 n. 68, 145 n. 71; 5544: 5529: 5502: 5431: 5292: 2876:Nicholas de Meaux, Abbot of Furness 2133:Ruinous late twelfth-century inner 2102:In 1177, Courcy led an invasion of 1981:Historia Karoli Magni et Rotholandi 1947:Historia Karoli Magni et Rotholandi 198:, a dynast of the ruling family of 13: 20869:Pryce, H; Insley, C, eds. (2005). 20568:"Thomas, Earl of Atholl (d. 1231)" 20391:The Reign of Alexander II, 1214–49 19992:The Scottish Geographical Magazine 18524:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: 18020:"Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd (d. 1170)" 16631:Munch, PA; Goss, A, eds. (1874b). 15056: 10874:Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873) 9122:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 9094:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 9020:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 8956:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 8575:Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873) 7244:Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873) 7224:Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873) 7065:Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873) 6172: 5667: 5497:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 5247:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 5051:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 4959:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 4685:confirmed these rights to Furness. 4531:is an equivalent of the Old Norse 4433:. "Aran" appears to represent the 3504:Ancestors of Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 3484:-clad warrior, found in the north 3238:Alan fitz Roland, Lord of Galloway 3194:Walter de Gray, Archbishop of York 3192:correspondence from the papacy to 2666:Thomas fitz Roland, Earl of Atholl 2662:Alan fitz Roland, Lord of Galloway 2356:In the years between the death of 1735:Máel Coluim mac Áeda, Earl of Ross 1583:Haʀalldz I(arls) Maddaðar s(sonar) 1528:Relations with William of Scotland 317:in particular—which survives in a 251:Alan fitz Roland, Lord of Galloway 14: 23259: 22020: 19511:Germanische Altertumskunde Online 19336:. Glasgow: John Mackay. pp. 19023:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia 18447:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia 17711:. The New Middle Ages. New York: 17084:. Edinburgh: The Bannatyne Club. 16341:The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales 15596:Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer 15376:The Coucher Book of Furness Abbey 15275:The Coucher Book of Furness Abbey 11339:pp. 220–221, 224–225 n. 67, 230; 4656:According to the twelfth-century 3410:, near what is today the town of 2026:you'll seek a harbour behind Aran 242:for the protection of his realm. 163:(died 14 February 1229) ruled as 22837:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial 22751:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66) 22038: 21570:The Cambridge History of Ireland 21249:The Cambridge History of Ireland 20674:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 20422:The Cambridge History of Ireland 20299:McNamee, C (May 2005). "Olaf ". 20279:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 20150:Studies in the Medieval Atlantic 19330:. In Gunn, A; Mackay, J (eds.). 19150:Studies in the Medieval Atlantic 18234:Caithness: A Cultural Crossroads 17977:10.1179/007660909X12457506806243 16901:"Royal Irish Academy MS 23 E 29" 16582:. Latina. Vol. 215. Paris. 16549:. Latina. Vol. 214. Paris. 16389:. Oslo: Mallingske Bogtrykkeri. 15031: 14988: 14968: 14925: 14913: 14893: 14865: 14834: 14818: 14753: 14721: 14705: 14689: 14641: 14614: 14598: 14575: 14540: 14528: 14485: 14461: 14426: 14402: 14342: 14322: 14275: 14244: 14216: 14204: 14192: 14156: 14104: 14085: 14042: 14026: 14007: 13980: 13902: 13883: 13871: 13823: 13803: 13771: 13740: 13728: 13700: 13673: 13661: 13649: 13637: 13625: 13609: 13589: 13537: 13525: 13513: 13489: 13390: 13363: 13351: 13339: 13316: 13296: 13269: 13242: 13226: 13210: 13198: 13182: 13162: 13126: 13121:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 13114: 13109:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 13098: 13095:pp. 159 fig. 4, 192 tab. 5, 193. 13093:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 13086: 13081:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 13074: 13062: 13046: 13030: 13018: 12999: 12987: 12975: 12959: 12943: 12927: 12915: 12899: 12879: 12855: 12839: 12819: 12764: 12748: 12732: 12720: 12693: 12673: 12637: 12618: 12584: 12544: 12512: 12496: 12444: 12439:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 12432: 12420: 12404: 12365: 12353: 12341: 12296: 12251: 12203: 12179: 12159: 12099: 12079: 12067: 12051: 12046:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 12039: 12012: 11996: 11924: 11901: 11870: 11850: 11845:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 11838: 11826: 11810: 11794: 11782: 11766: 11754: 11681: 11669: 11625: 11586: 11570: 11554: 11542: 11526: 11510: 11498: 11486: 11454: 11400: 11322: 11310: 11279: 11263: 11209: 11174: 11136: 11110: 11068: 11041: 11005: 10977: 10923: 10879: 10855: 10827: 10815: 10795: 10764: 10748: 10736: 10712: 10629: 10617: 10605: 10585: 10537: 10510: 10490: 10398: 10386: 10362: 10350: 10338: 10326: 10314: 10290: 10266: 10254: 10215: 10167: 10148: 10081: 10019: 9969: 9957: 9921: 9901: 9889: 9877: 9835: 9819: 9803: 9760: 9748: 9708: 9692: 9658: 9642: 9618: 9599: 9559: 9543: 9527: 9483: 9471: 9451: 9420: 9397: 9370: 9355: 9308: 9273: 9226: 9175: 9163: 9143: 9127: 9099: 9049: 9037: 9025: 8961: 8909: 8881: 8869: 8853: 8825: 8805: 8781: 8749: 8733: 8713: 8693: 8669: 8657: 8630: 8580: 8548: 8536: 8524: 8512: 8500: 8488: 8472: 8460: 8429: 8405: 8389: 8377: 8343: 8327: 8311: 8283: 8264: 8252: 8188: 8149: 8137: 8105: 8085: 8065: 8029: 7981: 7949: 7937: 7917: 7893: 7877: 7814: 7770: 7734: 7714: 7694: 7666: 7654: 7634: 7622: 7606: 7594: 7582: 7566: 7537: 7521: 7505: 7493: 7477: 7445: 7417: 7405: 7393: 7349: 7333: 7265: 7249: 7229: 7145: 7125: 7106: 7090: 7070: 7038: 7010: 6998: 6599:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 6587:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 6575:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 6563:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 6549:pp. 630–631 tab. 2, 632 tab. 3; 4824: 4815: 4802: 4793: 4776: 4766: 4757: 4688: 4675: 4665: 4650: 4640: 4619: 4599: 4586: 4576: 4563: 4554: 4517: 4508: 4487: 4466: 4456: 4415: 4401: 4384: 4359: 4346: 4333: 4071:Raghnall Ua Gofraidh an Mhearáin 3395:This mediaeval effigy, found at 3385: 3376: 3028: 3014: 2762:Pandulf, Bishop-elect of Norwich 2728:Under the protection of the Pope 2517:Thirteenth-century depiction of 2372:. Certainly the twelfth-century 2220:Fourteenth-century depiction of 2052:well in England as in Ireland". 1967:Hákon Hákonarson, King of Norway 1431:in the early nineteenth century. 36: 20970:10.1002/9781118396957.wbemlb185 19333:Sutherland and the Reay Country 19089:Duncan, AAM; Brown, AL (1959). 17892:The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371 16731:His Majesty's Stationery Office 15385:Brut y Tywysogion and Grammar, 15358:Her Majesty's Stationery Office 14516:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 11381:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 11305:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 11251:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 11204:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 11098:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 10456:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 9865:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 9743:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 9261:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 9214:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 8618:Rymer; Sanderson; Holmes (1739) 7727:pp. 588, 588 n. 70, 617 n. 29; 6963: 6951: 6927: 6911: 6880: 6868: 6826: 6788: 6768: 6752: 6736: 6667: 6651: 6592: 6580: 6568: 6556: 6528: 6516: 6500: 6484: 6441: 6418: 6383: 6335: 6319: 6271: 6259: 6247: 6231: 6215: 6203: 6187: 6160: 6148: 6132: 6116: 6104: 6092: 6068: 6052: 6036: 6012: 6000: 5988: 5976: 5952: 5936: 5917: 5894:pp. 17, 29, 41, 101, 108, 120; 5869: 5857: 5830: 5818: 5802: 5766: 5738: 5722: 5706: 5694: 5682: 5647: 5635: 5623: 5611: 5587: 5571: 5559: 5517: 5446: 5379: 5307: 5280: 5268: 4253: 4244: 4207: 4180: 4177:the Old Norse form of his name. 3979: 2655:, Rǫgnvaldr's kinsman and ally. 2609:Philip Augustus, King of France 2476:The two submitting monarchs of 2370:Ingi Haraldsson, King of Norway 2358:Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway 2230:). Fergus was a grandfather of 2137:, and early thirteenth-century 2114:). He reached Down (modern day 1713:encompasses a site once called 434:pleasant, noble son of Sadhbh. 20939:University of California Press 19826:10.1080/00766097.1991.11735540 18355:. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited. 17245:; Olszewska, ES, eds. (1942). 16431:University of California Press 15356:. Vol. 1, pt. 1. London: 14942:pp. 432–433, plate xvi fig. 1. 6819:Royal Irish Academy MS 23 E 29 5252: 5148: 5124: 5056: 4976: 4964: 4884: 4872: 4821:Fergus' ancestry is uncertain. 4421:"Lochlann" seems to represent 3224:Alliance with Alan of Galloway 3046:(image a; detail, image b), a 2952:Alexander II, King of Scotland 2944:Alexander II, King of Scotland 2584:, however today it located in 2447:Ingi Bárðarson, King of Norway 2183:Relations with John of England 1847:, an illegitimate daughter of 432:Lavish, manly son of Gofraidh, 232:Ingi Bárðarson, King of Norway 1: 21850:Sagas, Saints and Settlements 20114:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 19353:Halpin, A; Newman, C (2006). 18422:Crawford or Hall, BE (1971). 17946:10.1017/CHOL9780521822220.005 17798:Placenames of the Isle of Man 17767:Placenames of the Isle of Man 17102:Islandske Annaler Indtil 1578 15065:"AM 47 Fol (E) – Eirspennill" 15051: 12441:pp. 161 fig. 6g, 185 fig. 12. 11847:pp. 158 fig. 3a, 186 fig. 13. 11463:pp. 221, 224–225 n. 67, 230; 7729:Jones; Williams; Pughe (1870) 4627:Cistercian nunnery at Douglas 4592:In 1224, Henry III's sister, 4480:is a piece of land worth one 4373:corresponds to the Old Norse 4314:represents a poetic term for 3368:Final confrontation and death 2860:Reginald, Bishop of the Isles 2234:, and a great-grandfather of 1807:, refers to the year 1193 as 1743:Alexander I, King of Scotland 1660:Hákon Pálsson, Earl of Orkney 1407:Strained relations with Óláfr 21628:UK public library membership 21472:UK public library membership 21294:UK public library membership 21240:UK public library membership 21159:UK public library membership 20862:UK public library membership 20598:UK public library membership 20558:UK public library membership 20518:UK public library membership 20319:UK public library membership 20214:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 19319:UK public library membership 19208:UK public library membership 19014:UK public library membership 18974:UK public library membership 18934:UK public library membership 18904:"Courcy, John de (d. 1219?)" 18307:UK public library membership 18145:10.1017/CCO9781139045407.003 18105:. Vol. 20. Woodbridge: 18090:UK public library membership 18050:UK public library membership 16622:. Vol. 1. Douglas, IM: 16505:Böglunga Saga (Styttri Gerð) 15253:"Annals of the Four Masters" 15233:"Annals of the Four Masters" 15155:(28 January 2003 ed.). 12272:pp. 670 § 3136, 678 § 3170; 11889:Grainger; Collingwood (1929) 7617:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 7412:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 7368:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 7260:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 7176:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 6565:p. 156 fig. 1a, 188 fig. 15. 5658:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 5338:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 4865:Oxford Jesus College MS. 111 4840: 2868:prohibited degree of kinship 2796:and the seventeenth-century 2500:, he proceeded to dismantle 2295:, which states that, whilst 1985:Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne 1953:Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne 1717:. Rǫgnvaldr may well be the 1646:According to tradition, the 1447:is the northern part of the 7: 23243:Monarchs of the Isle of Man 22599:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother 21551:Manchester University Press 21117:(PhD thesis). Vol. 1. 19855:(PhD thesis). Vol. 1. 19178:"Lacy, Walter de (d. 1241)" 17375:. Durham: Andrews & Co. 17332:Vigfusson, G, ed. (1887b). 17313:Vigfusson, G, ed. (1887a). 17149:. London: Longman & Co. 17035:University of Toronto Press 16579:Patrologiæ Cursus Completus 16546:Patrologiæ Cursus Completus 16466:Macphail, JRN, ed. (1914). 14961:pp. xv tab. 4, xvi tab. 5; 12709:The Itinerary Through Wales 12266:MacDonald; MacDonald (1896) 7160:Somerville; McDonald (2014) 4501:is a piece of land worth a 3495: 2874:died in 1217, Reginald and 2509:Enduring links with England 2362:ongoing civil war in Norway 1541:William I, King of Scotland 1465:William I, King of Scotland 1455:. Whilst the southern part— 257:. The prospect of a future 184:William I, King of Scotland 10: 23264: 23248:Orkneyinga saga characters 23139:Associated clans and septs 21417:Scottish Historical Review 21396:Midlands Historical Review 20714:Scottish Historical Review 20470:. Edinburgh: John Donald. 20378:Journal of the Manx Museum 20272:McLeod, W (Summer 2002). " 19678:Scottish Historical Review 18590:Monastic Research Bulletin 17938:Cambridge University Press 17936:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: 17851:Scottish Historical Review 17449:Edinburgh University Press 17143:Sweetman, HS, ed. (1875). 17078:Stevenson, J, ed. (1839). 15604:"Diplomatarium Norvegicum" 15455:; Márkus, G, eds. (1998). 15373:Brownbill, J, ed. (1919). 15332:. London: Payne and Foss. 15272:Atkinson, JC, ed. (1887). 15257:Corpus of Electronic Texts 15237:Corpus of Electronic Texts 15217:Corpus of Electronic Texts 15197:Corpus of Electronic Texts 15177:Corpus of Electronic Texts 15152:Corpus of Electronic Texts 15124:Anderson, AO, ed. (1922). 12812:pp. 54–55, 128–129 pl. 1; 11949:pp. 78–79, 116, 152, 190; 11640:Annals of the Four Masters 11633:Annals of the Four Masters 10938:Annals of the Four Masters 10931:Annals of the Four Masters 9448:pp. xv tab. 4, xvi tab. 5. 8958:pp. 10–12 §§ 2.5.8–2.5.10. 6545:pp. 27 tab. 1, 28 tab. 2; 4281:", a man described by the 3817: 3711: 3703: 3594: 3516: 2946:rewarded Ferchar with the 2812:Áed na nGall Ua Conchobair 2799:Annals of the Four Masters 2766:Louis VIII, King of France 2344:Henry III, King of England 452:Henry III, King of England 390:, a region comprising the 272: 219:Henry III, King of England 52:Reinaỻt urenhin yr ynyssed 18: 23137: 23056: 23030: 22992: 22939: 22860: 22769: 22703: 22642: 22619:Margaret, Queen of Norway 22579:Gormflaith ingen Murchada 22551: 22510: 22463: 22385: 22329: 22223: 22180: 22149: 22096: 22087: 22079: 22074: 22053: 21996:10.3366/E0020157X08000176 21759:English Historical Review 21578:10.1017/9781316275399.010 21514:10.1017/S0038713409990418 21257:10.1017/9781316275399.019 20832:"Owain Gwynedd (d. 1170)" 20664:Oxford English Dictionary 20430:10.1017/9781316275399.009 20220:10.1007/978-3-030-22026-6 20008:10.1080/00369229608732917 19481:University of Wales Press 18944:"Godred Crovan (d. 1095)" 18811:10.1017/S0021121400012542 18318:. In Stringer, KJ (ed.). 17542:English Historical Review 16179:Gilbert, JT, ed. (1884). 16135:The Lancashire Pipe Rolls 15502:"Cotton MS Faustina B IX" 15422:Parker Library on the Web 14553:pp. 148, 191, 191 n. 88; 14449:Simpson; Galbraith (n.d.) 14023:vol. 1 p. 168 § 501 n. 1. 14004:vol. 1 p. 168 § 501 n. 1. 13713:pp. 80–81, 153, 155–156; 13566:pp. 52–53, 80, 153, 212; 13107:pp. 168–169, 182 n. 175; 12262:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 9363:Oxford English Dictionary 6429:Simpson; Galbraith (n.d.) 4730:, but is now the site of 4484:of gold or silver yearly. 4356:declared Joan legitimate. 3903: 3885: 3877: 3852: 3829: 3825: 3792: 3774: 3766: 3737: 3719: 3715: 3674: 3656: 3648: 3624: 3606: 3602: 3565: 3547: 3539: 3520: 3345:may have been a national 3289:Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar 2992:Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar 2382:Henry II, King of England 2307:Historia rerum Anglicarum 2232:Donnchad mac Gilla Brigte 1908:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr 1882:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr 1804:O Oes Gwrtheyrn Gwrtheneu 1741:, an illegitimate son of 1516:reports that the sons of 1396: 1394: 1363: 1340: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1257: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1227: 1225: 1211: 1189: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1089: 1085: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1039: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1019: 1017: 998: 931: 929: 913: 911: 895: 893: 885: 883: 875: 873: 867: 865: 859: 857: 855: 853: 847: 845: 836: 834: 832: 830: 828: 819: 817: 815: 813: 811: 773: 771: 769: 763: 761: 759: 737: 735: 719: 715: 709: 707: 705: 703: 701: 689: 687: 643: 615: 613: 611: 609: 607: 605: 603: 557: 553: 551: 549: 543: 541: 539: 355:Antecedents and accession 291:Reginaldus filjus Godredi 148: 136: 124: 112: 100: 96: 86: 76: 68: 61: 35: 30: 23233:13th-century Manx people 23228:12th-century Manx people 22614:Margaret, Maid of Norway 22564:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona 22281:Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó 21901: 21847: 21828: 21749: 21715:The Welsh History Review 21712: 21689: 21667:10.3366/inr.1994.45.2.99 21634: 21273: 21246: 21165: 21067:The West Highland Galley 21064: 21027:The Welsh History Review 21019: 20986: 20955: 20904:Dokumentasjonsprosjektet 20898: 20797: 20778: 20711: 20692: 20661: 20623: 20468:The Lordship of Galloway 20416:Ní Mhaonaigh, M (2018). 20388: 20375: 20348: 20325: 20271: 20244: 20209: 20174: 20147: 20128: 20090: 20033: 20014: 19988:"Sutherland Place-Names" 19985: 19967:"Sutherland Place Names" 19964: 19938: 19910: 19863: 19642:10.9750/PSAS.005.357.360 19544:10.1179/174587008X256593 19474: 19455: 19268:. In Tómasson, S (ed.). 19142: 19112:10.9750/PSAS.090.192.220 19088: 19062: 19039: 18877: 18849: 18799:Irish Historical Studies 18750: 18676: 18653: 18622: 18580: 18561: 18542: 18515: 18489: 18467: 18428:University of St Andrews 18421: 18396: 18369: 18350: 18250: 18232:. In Baldwin, JR (ed.). 18227:"Caithness in the Sagas" 18221: 18180: 18131: 18096: 18007: 17962: 17931: 17908: 17886: 17847: 17791: 17760: 17737: 17706: 17662: 17639: 17538: 17473: 17388: 17177: 17128: 17096: 17051: 17031:The Viking Age: A Reader 17028: 16967: 16705: 16661:Oliver, JR, ed. (1861). 16660: 16642:Oliver, JR, ed. (1860). 16630: 16576:Migne, J-P, ed. (1891). 16535:. Paris: Jules Renouard. 16502: 16474:Scottish History Society 16465: 16454: 16410:James MacLehose and Sons 16402:Lawrie, AC, ed. (1910). 16278:Howlett, R, ed. (1889). 16267:Howlett, R, ed. (1885). 16246:Hardy, TD, ed. (1844b). 16245: 16227:Hardy, TD, ed. (1844a). 16168: 16131: 16078: 16044: 16010: 15976: 15942: 15908: 15874: 15840: 15806: 15772: 15738: 15704: 15670: 15636: 15608:Dokumentasjonsprosjektet 15591:Giraldi Cambrensis Opera 15584: 15570: 15538:"Cotton MS Julius A VII" 15500: 15451: 15415: 15372: 15324: 15307:"Bardic Poetry Database" 15305: 15286: 15271: 15063: 14974: 14954: 14935: 14879: 14871: 14844: 14800: 14792: 14776: 14727: 14667: 14655: 14651: 14647: 14634:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 14628: 14620: 14604: 14591:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 14581: 14568:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 14562: 14558: 14554: 14546: 14521:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 14511: 14507: 14495: 14452: 14440: 14384: 14364: 14348: 14336: 14328: 14312: 14308: 14281: 14174: 14138: 14130: 14122: 14110: 14095: 14091: 14064: 14048: 14036: 14017: 14013: 13998: 13990: 13971: 13952: 13936: 13928: 13893: 13877: 13853: 13829: 13813: 13793: 13785: 13718: 13691: 13679: 13655: 13619: 13603: 13599: 13575: 13567: 13559: 13543: 13507: 13503: 13499: 13480: 13476: 13472: 13468: 13464: 13448: 13440: 13432: 13424: 13420: 13408: 13404: 13400: 13381: 13377: 13373: 13357: 13345: 13330: 13310: 13287: 13283: 13279: 13248: 13236: 13232: 13216: 13192: 13172: 13168: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13120: 13108: 13104: 13092: 13080: 13068: 13056: 13052: 13036: 12949: 12933: 12893: 12885: 12873: 12869: 12861: 12849: 12829: 12825: 12813: 12805: 12801: 12782: 12778: 12770: 12758: 12754: 12738: 12717:pp. 211–212 bk. 2 ch. 3. 12714: 12707: 12699: 12679: 12659: 12658:pp. 472, 472 n. 5, 478; 12651: 12647: 12628: 12594: 12554: 12474: 12470: 12458: 12454: 12450: 12438: 12359: 12347: 12287: 12280: 12273: 12265: 12261: 12213: 12209: 12185: 12169: 12165: 12121: 12113: 12109: 12105: 12085: 12045: 12002: 11978: 11962: 11954: 11938: 11934: 11930: 11915: 11907: 11892: 11884: 11864: 11856: 11844: 11832: 11820: 11804: 11745: 11740:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 11734: 11726: 11722: 11706: 11687: 11675: 11663: 11652: 11618:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 11612: 11604: 11600: 11592: 11576: 11480: 11460: 11445: 11440:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 11434: 11426: 11414: 11406: 11391: 11386:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 11376: 11368: 11367:pp. 427 n. 1, 439 n. 1; 11356: 11352: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11300: 11269: 11256:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 11246: 11223: 11215: 11199: 11167:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 11157: 11146: 11130: 11103:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 11093: 11047: 11035: 10999: 10983: 10913: 10901: 10885: 10865: 10861: 10841: 10833: 10821: 10805: 10801: 10789: 10770: 10754: 10730: 10722: 10718: 10705:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 10695: 10683: 10679: 10671: 10667: 10655: 10651: 10647: 10643: 10639: 10623: 10595: 10591: 10575: 10563: 10559: 10547: 10546:pp. 144–145, 144 n. 68; 10543: 10530:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 10524: 10516: 10500: 10466: 10461:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 10447: 10443: 10435: 10427: 10423: 10404: 10376: 10356: 10304: 10272: 10225: 10221: 10193: 10192:pp. 106–107, 106 n. 20; 10181: 10177: 10173: 10158: 10139: 10127: 10119: 10115: 10107: 10106:pp. 106–107, 106 n. 19; 10091: 10087: 10072: 10057: 10049: 10037: 10033: 10029: 10025: 9998: 9991: 9975: 9927: 9870:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 9860: 9841: 9828:pp. 104–105, 105 n. 19; 9825: 9766: 9738: 9730: 9609: 9593: 9569: 9549: 9497: 9493: 9468:pp. 4, 26–27, 27 n. 138. 9457: 9430: 9413:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 9407: 9390:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 9384: 9376: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9318: 9301:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 9295: 9291: 9287: 9266:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 9252: 9248: 9244: 9219:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 9205: 9201: 9185: 9124:pp. 9–12 § 2.5.6–2.5.10. 9121: 9117: 9093: 9085: 9066: 9031: 9019: 9007: 8983: 8971: 8967: 8955: 8951: 8927: 8899: 8887: 8863: 8847: 8843: 8831: 8819: 8811: 8787: 8759: 8739: 8719: 8707: 8699: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8648: 8636: 8623:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 8613: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8530: 8506: 8494: 8478: 8466: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8415: 8411: 8395: 8333: 8317: 8305: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8274: 8219: 8155: 8127: 8099: 8079: 8047: 8011: 8003: 7975: 7931: 7883: 7859: 7851: 7836: 7820: 7804: 7796: 7788: 7776: 7765:Williams Ab Ithel (1860) 7752: 7740: 7720: 7708: 7688: 7648: 7640: 7572: 7511: 7499: 7483: 7471: 7467: 7451: 7435: 7431: 7379: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7339: 7319: 7311: 7310:pp. 16 n. 65, 25 n. 74; 7299: 7287: 7275: 7271: 7255: 7235: 7211: 7207: 7199: 7195: 7187: 7163: 7162:pp. 473–475 §§ 110–112; 7159: 7155: 7151: 7139: 7116: 7096: 7044: 7028: 6989: 6988:pp. 424–425, 427 n. 12; 6981: 6977: 6969: 6921: 6847: 6836: 6810: 6802: 6798: 6778: 6774: 6722: 6702: 6694: 6690: 6673: 6621: 6617: 6602: 6598: 6586: 6574: 6562: 6546: 6534: 6522: 6506: 6490: 6475: 6467: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6432: 6397: 6393: 6369: 6344:pp. 24, 46, 48, 66, 77; 6341: 6281: 6277: 6237: 6138: 6122: 6074: 6058: 6046: 6030: 6026: 6018: 5970: 5958: 5942: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5863: 5848: 5812: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5776: 5772: 5748: 5728: 5716: 5712: 5700: 5653: 5629: 5617: 5605: 5601: 5577: 5565: 5553: 5538: 5511: 5496: 5484: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5440: 5413: 5409: 5401: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5373: 5357: 5345: 5341: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5301: 5274: 5262: 5258: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5230: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5110: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5050: 5046: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4832:Henry I, King of England 4752:Baile suthach síth Emhna 4326:may instead represent a 4296:Baile suthach síth Emhna 4188:Baile suthach síth Emhna 4055:Raghnall mac Godhfhraidh 3973: 3844:Henry I, King of England 3756:Fergus, Lord of Galloway 3397:St Mary's Abbey, Furness 3251:Fergus, Lord of Galloway 3213:St Mary's Abbey, Furness 3159:In the early 1190s, the 3056:Baile suthach síth Emhna 2918:Civil war and kin-strife 2775:Late thirteenth-century 2320:Ailín II, Earl of Lennox 2222:Fergus, Lord of Galloway 2054:Baile suthach síth Emhna 2036:Baile suthach síth Emhna 2014:Offspring of fleet-rich 1739:Máel Coluim mac Alasdair 1488:Baile suthach síth Emhna 464:Baile suthach síth Emhna 442:Baile suthach síth Emhna 267:St Mary's Abbey, Furness 186:against the disaffected 118:St Mary's Abbey, Furness 22690:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson 22609:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb 22286:Echmarcach mac Ragnaill 21981: 21962: 21943: 21921: 21874: 21793: 21750:Wiedemann, BGE (2018). 21647: 21594: 21567: 21544: 21497: 21478: 21451: 21414: 21393: 21366: 21338: 21319: 21300: 21203: 21181: 21125: 21112: 21083: 20932: 20887: 20868: 20828: 20748: 20671: 20642: 20604: 20564: 20524: 20484: 20465: 20446: 20415: 20298: 20158:10.1057/9781137062390_6 20109: 20071: 20052: 19965:Mackay, J (1890–1891). 19848: 19811: 19797: 19786: 19731: 19712: 19672: 19620: 19604:University of Edinburgh 19597: 19574: 19529: 19497: 19436: 19397: 19375: 19352: 19325: 19298: 19276: 19260: 19241: 19214: 19174: 19158:10.1057/9781137062390_5 19020: 18980: 18940: 18900: 18796: 18773: 18757:Trinity College, Dublin 18711: 18600: 18444: 18314:Crawford, BE (2004b) . 18313: 18273: 18211:Scottish Gaelic Studies 18208: 18198:Scottish Gaelic Studies 18195: 18181:Cochran-Yu, DK (2015). 18161: 18056: 18016: 17915:Oxford University Press 17822: 17721:10.1057/9780230370517_2 17689: 17608: 17585: 17512: 17438: 17412: 17365:Wilson, J, ed. (1915). 17364: 17342: 17331: 17312: 17304:. Vol. 2. Oxford: 17294: 17279:2027/hvd.32044084740760 17262: 17241: 17203: 17170:2027/mdp.39015022391661 17153: 17142: 17077: 17010: 16981: 16937: 16899: 16891:. Vol. 2. London: 16881: 16841: 16827: 16805: 16771: 16737: 16723: 16671: 16641: 16608: 16575: 16539: 16525: 16503:Michaelsson, E (2015). 16488: 16424: 16401: 16382: 16360: 16326: 16290:"Jesus College MS. 111" 16288: 16277: 16266: 16226: 16208:Hardy, TD, ed. (1837). 16207: 16189: 16178: 16150: 16132:Farrer, W, ed. (1902). 16112: 15602: 15536: 15477: 15383: 15346: 15298:2027/mdp.39015014807203 15251: 15231: 15211: 15191: 15171: 15157:University College Cork 15145: 15134: 15123: 15097: 15041: 15037: 15025: 15010: 14998: 14994: 14982: 14978: 14962: 14958: 14939: 14931: 14919: 14907: 14903: 14899: 14887: 14883: 14875: 14856: 14852: 14848: 14847:pp. 128 § iv, 480 § x; 14840: 14828: 14824: 14812: 14808: 14804: 14796: 14788: 14784: 14780: 14759: 14747: 14743: 14739: 14735: 14731: 14715: 14711: 14699: 14695: 14683: 14679: 14675: 14671: 14663: 14659: 14632: 14624: 14608: 14589: 14585: 14566: 14550: 14534: 14519: 14515: 14503: 14499: 14491: 14479: 14475: 14471: 14467: 14448: 14444: 14436: 14432: 14420: 14416: 14412: 14408: 14396: 14392: 14388: 14380: 14376: 14372: 14368: 14360: 14356: 14352: 14332: 14316: 14293: 14269: 14254: 14250: 14238: 14234: 14230: 14226: 14222: 14210: 14198: 14186: 14182: 14178: 14170: 14166: 14162: 14150: 14146: 14142: 14134: 14126: 14118: 14114: 14113:pp. 24–25, 46, 48, 62; 14097:Cotton MS Faustina B IX 14076: 14072: 14068: 14060: 14056: 14052: 14032: 13994: 13986: 13964: 13960: 13956: 13948: 13944: 13940: 13932: 13924: 13920: 13916: 13912: 13908: 13889: 13865: 13861: 13857: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13837: 13833: 13817: 13809: 13797: 13789: 13781: 13777: 13765: 13750: 13746: 13734: 13722: 13714: 13710: 13706: 13687: 13683: 13667: 13643: 13631: 13615: 13595: 13583: 13579: 13571: 13563: 13555: 13551: 13547: 13531: 13519: 13495: 13460: 13456: 13452: 13444: 13436: 13428: 13416: 13412: 13396: 13369: 13326: 13322: 13306: 13302: 13275: 13263: 13220: 13204: 13188: 13176: 13156: 13152: 13148: 13144: 13040: 13024: 13009: 13005: 12993: 12981: 12969: 12965: 12953: 12937: 12921: 12909: 12905: 12889: 12865: 12845: 12836:pp. 120, 128–129 pl. 1. 12833: 12809: 12786: 12774: 12742: 12726: 12703: 12687: 12683: 12667: 12663: 12655: 12643: 12624: 12609: 12602: 12598: 12590: 12578: 12574: 12570: 12566: 12562: 12558: 12550: 12538: 12526: 12522: 12518: 12506: 12502: 12490: 12486: 12482: 12478: 12466: 12462: 12426: 12414: 12410: 12398: 12394: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12335: 12314: 12302: 12269: 12257: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12197: 12193: 12189: 12173: 12153: 12149: 12145: 12141: 12137: 12133: 12129: 12125: 12117: 12093: 12089: 12073: 12061: 12057: 12033: 12018: 12006: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11974: 11970: 11966: 11958: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11911: 11888: 11880: 11876: 11860: 11816: 11800: 11788: 11776: 11772: 11760: 11738: 11730: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11702: 11656: 11645: 11638: 11631: 11616: 11608: 11596: 11580: 11564: 11560: 11548: 11536: 11535:pp. 143–144, 146, 148; 11532: 11520: 11516: 11504: 11492: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11464: 11438: 11430: 11422: 11418: 11410: 11384: 11380: 11372: 11364: 11360: 11348: 11347:pp. 143–144, 186, 190; 11344: 11316: 11304: 11293: 11289: 11285: 11273: 11254: 11250: 11242: 11235: 11231: 11227: 11219: 11203: 11192: 11188: 11184: 11180: 11165: 11161: 11150: 11142: 11123: 11116: 11101: 11097: 11086: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11062: 11031: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11011: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10968: 10964: 10957: 10950: 10943: 10936: 10929: 10917: 10909: 10905: 10897: 10893: 10889: 10873: 10869: 10849: 10845: 10837: 10809: 10774: 10758: 10742: 10726: 10703: 10699: 10691: 10687: 10675: 10663: 10659: 10635: 10611: 10599: 10579: 10571: 10567: 10555: 10551: 10528: 10520: 10504: 10496: 10484: 10459: 10455: 10451: 10439: 10431: 10408: 10392: 10380: 10372: 10368: 10344: 10332: 10320: 10308: 10300: 10296: 10284: 10280: 10276: 10260: 10248: 10233: 10229: 10209: 10205: 10201: 10197: 10189: 10185: 10154: 10135: 10131: 10123: 10111: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10068: 10067:pp. 378–381, 379 n. 2; 10064: 10053: 10045: 10041: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9963: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9915: 9911: 9907: 9895: 9883: 9868: 9864: 9856: 9849: 9845: 9829: 9813: 9809: 9797: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9754: 9742: 9734: 9726: 9722: 9718: 9714: 9702: 9698: 9686: 9682: 9675: 9671: 9664: 9652: 9648: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9605: 9589: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9565: 9553: 9537: 9533: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9489: 9477: 9465: 9461: 9445: 9426: 9411: 9403: 9388: 9380: 9361: 9333: 9314: 9299: 9283: 9279: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9240: 9236: 9232: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9181: 9169: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9137: 9133: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9089: 9081: 9074: 9070: 9062: 9055: 9043: 9015: 9011: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8979: 8975: 8947: 8943: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8903: 8895: 8891: 8875: 8859: 8839: 8835: 8815: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8755: 8743: 8727: 8723: 8703: 8683: 8663: 8644: 8640: 8621: 8617: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8590: 8586: 8574: 8570: 8566: 8542: 8518: 8482: 8423: 8419: 8399: 8383: 8371: 8353: 8349: 8337: 8321: 8301: 8270: 8258: 8246: 8242: 8227: 8223: 8201: 8194: 8182: 8163: 8159: 8143: 8131: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8095: 8091: 8075: 8071: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8023: 8019: 8015: 8007: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7943: 7927: 7923: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7887: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7855: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7808: 7800: 7792: 7784: 7780: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7748: 7744: 7728: 7724: 7704: 7700: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7660: 7644: 7628: 7616: 7612: 7600: 7588: 7576: 7575:pp. 286–287, 286 n. 7; 7560: 7543: 7531: 7527: 7515: 7500:Crawford or Hall (1971) 7487: 7472:Crawford or Hall (1971) 7463: 7459: 7455: 7439: 7427: 7423: 7411: 7399: 7387: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7343: 7327: 7323: 7315: 7312:Crawford or Hall (1971) 7307: 7303: 7295: 7291: 7283: 7279: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7236:Crawford or Hall (1971) 7226:pp. 195–199 §§ 114–116. 7223: 7219: 7215: 7212:Crawford or Hall (1971) 7203: 7191: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7140:Crawford or Hall (1971) 7135: 7131: 7112: 7100: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7064: 7060: 7059:pp. 112–113, 112 n. 3; 7056: 7052: 7048: 7032: 7016: 7004: 6985: 6973: 6957: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6917: 6905: 6890: 6886: 6874: 6862: 6858: 6851: 6840: 6832: 6817: 6806: 6794: 6782: 6762: 6758: 6746: 6742: 6730: 6726: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6698: 6661: 6657: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6510: 6494: 6471: 6463: 6459: 6428: 6424: 6412: 6389: 6377: 6373: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6329: 6325: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6265: 6253: 6241: 6225: 6221: 6209: 6197: 6193: 6181: 6166: 6154: 6142: 6126: 6110: 6098: 6086: 6062: 6042: 6022: 6006: 5994: 5982: 5966: 5962: 5946: 5927: 5923: 5911: 5895: 5891: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5824: 5808: 5796: 5780: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5744: 5732: 5688: 5676: 5661: 5657: 5641: 5597: 5593: 5581: 5523: 5492: 5488: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5405: 5397: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5353: 5349: 5337: 5329: 5286: 5234: 5226: 5222: 5214: 5202: 5198: 5142: 5118: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5042: 5034: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 4994: 4982: 4970: 4922: 4914: 4878: 4863: 4856: 4787: 4783: 4741: 4713: 4705: 4594:Joan, Queen of Scotland 4571:St Mary's Abbey, Dublin 4534: 4526: 4376: 4321: 4309: 4301: 3437: 3429: 3277: 3122:Archdiocese of Niðaróss 3074:Joan, Queen of Scotland 2984: 2940:Ferchar mac an tSacairt 2487: 2452: 2425:Konge aff Möen i Syderö 2067:of Rǫgnvaldr's sister, 1938:, the Welsh version of 1867: 1829: 1810: 1775:Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd 1737:, whilst the other was 1693: 1681: 1673: 1665: 1631:. According to Roger's 1582: 1497: 1423:. Comprising some four 382:Rǫgnvaldr was a son of 374:bordering those of the 370:1200. The lands of the 51: 22634:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir 22455:Dubhghall mac Ruaidhrí 22413:Ruaidhrí mac Raghnaill 22055:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 21829:Williams, DGE (1997). 21613:10.1093/ref:odnb/21230 21286:10.1093/ref:odnb/15853 21225:10.1093/ref:odnb/26782 21144:10.1093/ref:odnb/29452 21119:University of Aberdeen 21069:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 20847:10.1093/ref:odnb/20979 20647:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 20583:10.1093/ref:odnb/49364 20543:10.1093/ref:odnb/49360 20503:10.1093/ref:odnb/49362 20311:10.1093/ref:odnb/20672 20110:McDonald, RA (2007b). 19864:MacDonald, IG (2013). 19756:10.9750/PSAS.050.50.62 19311:10.1093/ref:odnb/14841 19193:10.1093/ref:odnb/15864 18999:10.1093/ref:odnb/50617 18959:10.1093/ref:odnb/50613 18919:10.1093/ref:odnb/50616 18397:Crawford, DKE (2016). 18292:10.1093/ref:odnb/49351 18274:Crawford, BE (2004a). 18257:John Donald Publishers 18075:10.1093/ref:odnb/16874 18035:10.1093/ref:odnb/23457 17792:Broderick, G (2002b). 17761:Broderick, G (2002a). 16990:Scottish Record Office 16905:Irish Script on Screen 16367:Eirspennill: Am 47 Fol 16298:Oxford Digital Library 16199:. Vol. 1, pt. 1. 16125:British History Online 15311:Bardic Poetry Database 15278:. Vol. 1, pt. 3. 13693:Bardic Poetry Database 13011:Cotton MS Julius A VII 12686:pp. 96–98; pp. 96–98; 12469:pp. 79, 152–153, 190; 12236:pp. 4, 27, 27 n. 138; 10967:pp. 26–27, 27 n. 138; 8878:pp. 83–85, 84 fig. 17. 8650:Bardic Poetry Database 8453:Bardic Poetry Database 8304:pp. 29–30, 71–74, 89; 6991:Bardic Poetry Database 6812:Bardic Poetry Database 6477:Bardic Poetry Database 6399:Bardic Poetry Database 5929:Cotton MS Julius A VII 4610: 4542: 4496: 4475: 4393: 4368: 4276: 4232: 4224: 4168: 4139:Rögnvaldr Guðrøðarsson 4059:Raghnall mac Gofhraidh 3468:Chronicle of Lanercost 3454: 3351: 3315: 3309: 3283: 3241: 3218:Archbishop of Niðaróss 3207: 3156: 3149:Archbishop of Niðaróss 3107: 3000: 2931: 2930:of the Lewis chessmen. 2902: 2896: 2847: 2846:of the Lewis chessmen. 2804:Diarmait Ua Conchobair 2784: 2741: 2708: 2675: 2656: 2589: 2560: 2552: 2522: 2473: 2440: 2432: 2424: 2416: 2353: 2286: 2243: 2192: 2160: 2146: 2080: 2031: 2007:Involvement in Ireland 1917: 1873: 1835: 1783:Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd 1762: 1722: 1655: 1624: 1592: 1557:as the daughter of an 1544: 1507: 1477:Santiago de Compostela 1432: 437: 379: 296: 290: 23038:Scottish island names 22861:Artifacts and culture 22538:Mormaers of Caithness 22504:Scandinavian Scotland 22408:Somairle mac Dubgaill 22377:Aonghus mac Somhairle 22372:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 22045:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 21464:10.1093/ref:odnb/3283 20962:John Wiley & Sons 20420:. In Smith, B (ed.). 20245:McIntire, WT (1943). 20210:McDonald, RA (2019). 20185:10.4324/9781315630755 20053:McDonald, RA (1997). 20017:The Celtic Connection 19713:Johnston, AR (1991). 19575:Jamroziak, E (2011). 19215:Flanagan, MT (2010). 19175:Flanagan, MT (2004). 18687:10.1017/9781139381598 18351:Crawford, BE (2013). 18189:University of Glasgow 17864:10.3366/shr.2015.0237 17823:Broderick, G (2003). 17806:10.1515/9783110942668 17775:10.1515/9783110942668 17640:Beuermann, I (2012). 17513:Beuermann, I (2008). 17189:J. M. Dent & Sons 16777:Welsh Prose 1300–1425 16773:"NLW MS. Peniarth 20" 16743:Welsh Prose 1300–1425 16739:"NLW MS. Peniarth 10" 16677:Welsh Prose 1300–1425 16455:MacDonald, A (1896). 16383:Kjær, A, ed. (1910). 15478:Cole, H, ed. (1844). 15287:Bain, J, ed. (1881). 14294:Insley; Wilson (2006) 13680:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 12874:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 12850:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 11717:pp. 125, 139 n. 102; 11709:pp. 13–14, 13 n. 60; 10138:p. 381, 381 nn. 1–2; 8876:Halpin; Newman (2006) 8507:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 8495:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 8467:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 8448:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 7755:pp. 45–46, 46 n. 25; 7723:pp. 45–46, 46 n. 25; 6978:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 6799:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 6674:Oram; Adderley (2010) 6622:Oram; Adderley (2010) 6468:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 6394:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 6256:pp. 27 tab. 1, 71–72. 5959:Oram; Adderley (2010) 5843:p. 74 § 44, 74 n. 1; 5334:Oram; Adderley (2010) 4951:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 4858:Jesus College MS. 111 4694:Rǫgnvaldr may be the 4186:This anonymous poem, 4135:Rögnvaldr Guðrøðarson 4131:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 4127:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrǫðarson 4075:Ragnaill mac Gofraidh 4067:Raghnall mac Gofraidh 3452: 3337: 3310:Alanus filius Rolandi 3299: 3263: 3231: 3202: 3134: 3101: 2980: 2925: 2884: 2841: 2774: 2735: 2706: 2671: 2650: 2600:for the service of a 2576: 2519:John, King of England 2516: 2467: 2341: 2277: 2219: 2190: 2132: 2063: 2011: 1902: 1857: 1849:John, King of England 1825: 1756: 1727:Constable of Scotland 1708: 1670:against another. The 1645: 1618: 1568: 1535: 1485: 1414: 429: 414:(or Clann Somairle). 362: 280: 215:John, King of England 161:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 31:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 23057:Battles and treaties 22711:Kingdom of the Isles 22629:Ragnhild Eriksdotter 22584:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir 22574:Cacht ingen Ragnaill 22425:Guðrøðr Rǫgnvaldsson 22403:Dubgall mac Dubgaill 22367:Ragnall mac Somairle 22362:Dubgall mac Somairle 22276:Murchad mac Diarmata 22143:Kingdom of the Isles 22047:at Wikimedia Commons 21210:"Somerled (d. 1164)" 20997:10.1484/J.Peri.3.536 20924:: CS1 maint: year ( 20693:Pollock, MA (2015). 19930:: CS1 maint: year ( 19814:Medieval Archaeology 19598:Jennings, A (1994). 18984:"Ragnvald (d. 1229)" 18528:. pp. 418–420. 18453:. pp. 496–497. 18259:. pp. 103–131. 18103:Anglo-Norman Studies 17965:Medieval Archaeology 17617:. pp. 109–161. 17490:10.1484/J.Peri.3.497 17344:Williams Ab Ithel, J 17002:: CS1 maint: year ( 16929:: CS1 maint: year ( 16797:: CS1 maint: year ( 16763:: CS1 maint: year ( 16697:: CS1 maint: year ( 16318:: CS1 maint: year ( 16104:: CS1 maint: year ( 16070:: CS1 maint: year ( 16036:: CS1 maint: year ( 16002:: CS1 maint: year ( 15968:: CS1 maint: year ( 15934:: CS1 maint: year ( 15900:: CS1 maint: year ( 15866:: CS1 maint: year ( 15832:: CS1 maint: year ( 15798:: CS1 maint: year ( 15764:: CS1 maint: year ( 15730:: CS1 maint: year ( 15696:: CS1 maint: year ( 15662:: CS1 maint: year ( 15628:: CS1 maint: year ( 15562:: CS1 maint: year ( 15528:: CS1 maint: year ( 15443:: CS1 maint: year ( 15407:: CS1 maint: year ( 15089:: CS1 maint: year ( 14801:Williams, DGE (1997) 14652:Crawford, DKE (2016) 14213:pp. 126, 139 n. 107. 14063:p. 442 ch. 159/147; 14049:Williams, DGE (1997) 14014:Williams, DGE (1997) 13991:Williams, DGE (1997) 13977:vol. 1 p. 168 § 501. 13951:p. 390 ch. 106/101; 13931:p. 117, 117 n. 142; 13929:Williams, DGE (1997) 13401:Crawford, DKE (2016) 12713:p. 193 bk. 2 ch. 4; 12706:p. 261 bk. 2 ch. 4; 12228:pp. 117 n. 68, 152; 11433:pp. vi, 21–22 § 51; 11226:pp. 104, 105 n. 19; 10792:pp. 54–58, 56 n. 35. 10357:Williams, DGE (1997) 10128:Williams, DGE (1997) 8245:pp. 75–76, 104–105; 7488:Crawford, BE (2004b) 7464:Crawford, BE (2004b) 7314:pp. 77–78, 77 n. 3; 7308:Barrow; Scott (1971) 7300:Williams, DGE (1997) 7196:Williams, DGE (1997) 7184:Crawford, BE (2004b) 7180:Crawford, BE (2004a) 7132:Crawford, BE (2004a) 7081:Crawford, BE (2004a) 7053:Crawford, BE (2004a) 7033:Crawford, BE (2004a) 6370:Williams, DGE (1997) 6296:pp. 70–71, 94, 170; 6027:Caball; Hollo (2006) 5912:Barrow; Scott (1971) 5642:Crawford, BE (2004a) 5441:Williams, DGE (1997) 5354:Crawford, BE (2004b) 5350:Crawford, BE (2004a) 4935:Caball; Hollo (2006) 4635:monastery of St Bees 4390:The pedigree runs: " 4143:Rögnvaldr Guðrøðsson 3303:Chronicle of Melrose 3112:Diocese of the Isles 3094:Contested episcopate 2808:kingship of Connacht 2802:report the death of 2198:Sheriff of Lancaster 2073:Carrickfergus Castle 2020:offspring of bright 1941:La chanson de Roland 1815:("the summer of the 1788:Brenhinedd y Saesson 1518:Ragnall mac Somairle 365:Kingdom of the Isles 221:. In return for his 177:Kingdom of the Isles 23208:12th-century births 22926:St Magnus Cathedral 22802:Cubbie Roo's Castle 22746:Davidian Revolution 22589:Helga Moddansdóttir 22559:Aud the Deep-Minded 22440:Haraldr Guðrøðarson 22398:Donnchadh of Argyll 22321:Sigurðr Jórsalafari 22306:Lǫgmaðr Guðrøðarson 22291:Gofraid mac Sitriuc 22256:Lagmann mac Gofraid 22251:Thorfinn the Mighty 22231:Ragnall mac Gofraid 21902:Wilson, DM (1973). 21802:; Frame, R (eds.). 21727:10.16922/whr.28.2.2 21598:"Pandulf (d. 1226)" 21595:Vincent, N (2004). 21483:. London: Longman. 21301:Smith, JB (2014) . 21020:Richter, M (1971). 20933:Rejhon, AC (1984). 20900:"Regesta Norvegica" 19787:Lelong, OC (2002). 19475:Hurlock, K (2011). 19456:Hudson, BT (2005). 18780:The Hambledon Press 18677:Downham, C (2018). 18661:The Medieval Review 18654:Downham, C (2008). 17940:. pp. 74–139. 17843:on 7 February 2009. 17829:Studeyrys Manninagh 17422:The Hambledon Press 17058:Chronica de Mailros 15978:"Document 2/139/75" 15944:"Document 2/139/35" 15339:2027/uc1.c034891642 15213:"Annals of Loch Cé" 15193:"Annals of Loch Cé" 15138:The Orkneyinga Saga 14908:Munch; Goss (1874a) 14813:Munch; Goss (1874a) 14748:Munch; Goss (1874a) 14684:Munch; Goss (1874a) 14480:Munch; Goss (1874a) 14421:Munch; Goss (1874a) 14397:Munch; Goss (1874a) 14282:Crawford, BE (2014) 14151:Munch; Goss (1874a) 13955:pp. 89–90 ch. 101; 13915:p. 111, 111 n. 39; 13866:Munch; Goss (1874a) 13820:pp. 185–186 § 1218. 13816:pp. 158–159 § 890; 13800:pp. 185–186 § 1218. 13796:pp. 158–159 § 890; 13634:pp. 83–84, 211–213. 13618:pp. 40 n. 55, 212; 13584:Munch; Goss (1874a) 13506:pp. 642–643 § 413; 13451:p. 427, 427 n. 42; 13233:Crawford, BE (2014) 13157:Munch; Goss (1874a) 13006:Munch; Goss (1874a) 12787:Kermode (1915–1916) 12781:pp. 114–115 pl. 1; 12777:pp. 128–129 pl. 1; 12668:Munch; Goss (1874a) 12579:Munch; Goss (1874a) 12491:Munch; Goss (1874a) 12154:Munch; Goss (1874a) 12062:Munch; Goss (1874a) 11991:Munch; Goss (1874a) 11737:pp. 219–220 § 195; 11713:p. 151, 151 n. 37; 11427:Munch; Goss (1874b) 11369:Munch; Goss (1874b) 11341:Crawford, BE (2014) 11272:p. 104, 104 n. 16; 11245:pp. 133–134 § 898; 10554:p. 137, 137 n. 75; 10523:p. 137, 137 n. 75; 10519:p. 144, 144 n. 68; 10444:Munch; Goss (1874b) 10178:Crawford, BE (2013) 10174:Crawford, BE (2014) 10088:Crawford, BE (2014) 9928:Crawford, BE (2014) 9859:pp. 133–134 § 898; 9522:Munch; Goss (1874a) 9016:Munch; Goss (1874a) 8756:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 8664:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 8355:NLW MS. Peniarth 10 8261:pp. 75–76, 104–105. 8203:NLW MS. Peniarth 20 7866:p. 617, 617 n. 29; 7759:p. 588, 588 n. 70; 7428:Gunn; Mackay (1897) 7356:Crawford, BE (2014) 7272:Crawford, BE (2013) 7256:Crawford, BE (2013) 7152:Crawford, BE (2013) 7097:Crawford, BE (2013) 7045:Crawford, BE (2013) 7029:Crawford, BE (2013) 6946:Munch; Goss (1874a) 6731:Munch; (Goss 1874a) 6705:p. 145, 145 n. 74; 6646:Munch; Goss (1874a) 6378:Munch; Goss (1874a) 6314:Munch; Goss (1874a) 5924:Munch; Goss (1874a) 5884:Crawford, BE (2013) 5717:Crawford, BE (2013) 5713:Crawford, BE (2014) 5322:Crawford, BE (2013) 5318:Crawford, BE (2014) 4983:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 4732:Isle of Man Airport 4583:dole out the grant. 4217:genealogical tract 4213:The late mediaeval 4147:Rǫgnvald Guðrøðsson 4123:Rognvald Guðrøðsson 4119:Rognvald Gudrodsson 4115:Rögnvald Guðrøðsson 4099:Rognvald Godredsson 4091:Reginald Godredsson 4087:Ragnvald Godredsson 4083:Ragnall mac Gofraid 3153:Bishop of the Isles 2872:Bishop of the Isles 2844:bishop gaming piece 2386:Bishop of the Isles 2384:, William, and the 2263:families. In 1208, 1777:, was ejected from 1721:of this place name. 1711:Isle of Man Airport 1522:Áengus mac Somairle 217:and his successor, 45:Red Book of Hergest 21:Ragnall mac Gofraid 22920:Sen dollotar Ulaid 22874:Chronicles of Mann 22594:Ingeborg of Norway 22435:Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson 22357:Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson 22296:Fingal mac Gofraid 22236:Amlaíb mac Sitriuc 22215:Gofraid mac Arailt 21771:10.1093/ehr/cey104 21690:Watt, DER (2000). 21479:Turvey, R (2002). 21339:Thomas, S (2010). 21126:Scott, WW (2004). 21065:Rixson, D (1982). 20991:. 17–18: 256–275. 20888:Raven, JA (2005). 20643:Oram, RD (2013) . 20565:Oram, RD (2004c). 20525:Oram, RD (2004b). 20485:Oram, RD (2004a). 19986:Mackay, J (1896). 19581:Brepols Publishers 18981:Duffy, S (2004c). 18941:Duffy, S (2004b). 18901:Duffy, S (2004a). 18886:. pp. 45–70. 18850:Duffy, S (1996b). 18581:Davey, PJ (2008). 18109:. pp. 45–57. 18057:Carr, AD (2004b). 18017:Carr, AD (2004a). 17746:. pp. 85–93. 17715:. pp. 21–38. 17713:Palgrave Macmillan 17555:10.1093/ehr/cep261 17549:(510): 1148–1149. 17185:Everyman's Library 17063:The Bannatyne Club 14129:pp. 81, 155, 172; 13431:p. 66, 66. n. 45; 13155:pp. 111–114, 118; 11979:Sellar (1997–1998) 11961:p. 27, 27 n. 138; 11583:pp. 134–135 § 902. 11429:pp. 301–302 § 13; 10836:p. 22, 22 n. 126; 10026:Michaelsson (2015) 10005:pp. 378, 381–382; 9737:pp. 384–385 n. 4; 9580:pp. 11–12, 18–19; 9460:p. 22, 22 n. 126; 9096:pp. 10–11 § 2.5.8. 9022:pp. 10–11 § 2.5.8. 8577:pp. 195–196 § 114. 8222:pp. 76, 85 n. 86; 8062:pp. 534–537 § 220. 7874:pp. 791–792 § 233. 7809:Rhŷs; Evans (1890) 7791:p. 28, 28 n. 205; 7761:Rhŷs; Evans (1890) 7546:p. 111, 111 n. 42. 7460:Williams, G (2007) 7436:Mackay (1890–1891) 7290:p. 286, 286 n. 7; 7284:Williams, G (2007) 7188:Rekdal (2003–2004) 7172:Williams, G (2007) 6982:Ó Cuív (1956–1957) 6803:Ó Cuív (1956–1957) 6228:pp. 27 tab. 1, 75. 6212:pp. 27 tab. 1, 70. 6139:Sellar (1997–1998) 6123:Sellar (1997–1998) 6047:Mac Mathúna (1992) 5904:Sellar (1997–1998) 5896:Williams, G (2007) 5825:Williams, G (2007) 5797:Williams, G (2007) 5701:Rekdal (2003–2004) 5566:Mac Mathúna (1992) 5418:Williams, G (2007) 5358:Rekdal (2003–2004) 5302:Williams, G (2004) 5039:Sellar (1997–1998) 4955:Mac Mathúna (1992) 4683:Pope Celestine III 4659:Descriptio Kambriæ 4633:, and granted the 4365:The personal name 4165:renders his name " 4111:Rognvald Gudrødson 4107:Rognvald Gudrodson 4103:Rognvald Guðrøðson 4095:Rognvald Godredson 4079:Ragnall Godredsson 3461:, the festival of 3455: 3352: 3316: 3284: 3242: 3208: 3157: 3108: 3052:kings of the Isles 3001: 2932: 2903: 2887:queen gaming piece 2848: 2785: 2742: 2709: 2657: 2642:Holy Roman Emperor 2590: 2523: 2474: 2354: 2324:Carlingford Castle 2287: 2283:William de Briouze 2265:William de Briouze 2244: 2240:Thomas fitz Roland 2193: 2147: 2081: 2022:Conn of the chains 1918: 1874: 1836: 1771:Kingdom of Gwynedd 1763: 1759:Kingdom of Gwynedd 1723: 1656: 1625: 1621:Castle of Old Wick 1593: 1545: 1508: 1433: 380: 297: 227:Norwegian kingship 23195: 23194: 23162:Macaulay of Lewis 22695:Thorstein the Red 22643:Other notable men 22470: 22469: 22393:Óláfr Guðrøðarson 22342:Óláfr Guðrøðarson 22337:Domnall mac Taidc 22210:Maccus mac Arailt 22188:Olaf Guthfrithson 22106: 22105: 22100:Óláfr Guðrøðarson 22097:Succeeded by 22090:King of the Isles 22043:Media related to 21974:978-1-85182-946-0 21936:978-82-519-1873-2 21886:978-90-04-15893-1 21626:(Subscription or 21587:978-1-107-11067-0 21560:978-0-7190-8937-4 21545:Veach, C (2014). 21470:(Subscription or 21312:978-1-7831-6006-8 21292:(Subscription or 21266:978-1-107-11067-0 21238:(Subscription or 21157:(Subscription or 21113:Ross, AD (2003). 21105:978-1-85182-946-0 20979:978-1-118-39695-7 20860:(Subscription or 20829:Pryce, H (2004). 20798:Pryce, H (1993). 20790:978-1-84825-556-2 20779:Power, R (2013). 20749:Power, R (2005). 20704:978-1-84383-992-7 20654:978-1-907909-05-4 20635:978-82-519-2563-1 20616:978-0-7486-1496-7 20605:Oram, RD (2011). 20596:(Subscription or 20556:(Subscription or 20516:(Subscription or 20466:Oram, RD (2000). 20447:Oram, RD (1988). 20439:978-1-107-11067-0 20317:(Subscription or 20229:978-3-030-22026-6 20194:978-1-315-63075-5 20167:978-1-137-06239-0 20140:978-1-84682-042-7 20121:978-1-84682-047-2 20102:978-1-85182-946-0 20064:978-1-898410-85-0 19875:978-90-04-18547-0 19857:Durham University 19590:978-2-503-53307-0 19490:978-0-7083-2427-1 19467:978-0-19-516237-0 19368:978-0-19-280671-0 19317:(Subscription or 19261:Gade, KE (1994). 19253:978-0-521-82992-2 19226:978-1-84383-597-4 19206:(Subscription or 19167:978-1-137-06239-0 19055:978-1-85182-946-0 19048:. pp. 1–23. 19046:Four Courts Press 19012:(Subscription or 18972:(Subscription or 18932:(Subscription or 18884:Tempus Publishing 18782:. pp. 1–29. 18751:Duffy, S (1993). 18696:978-1-107-03131-9 18490:Davey, P (2002). 18381:978-90-04-25512-8 18362:978-0-85790-618-2 18305:(Subscription or 18173:978-0-7486-1615-2 18154:978-1-139-04540-7 18107:The Boydell Press 18088:(Subscription or 18048:(Subscription or 18010:Medieval Anglesey 18008:Carr, AD (1982). 17955:978-0-521-82224-4 17924:978-0-19-874600-3 17909:Byrne, A (2016). 17730:978-0-230-37051-7 17674:978-90-04-25512-8 17624:978-90-04-20506-2 17601:978-82-519-2563-1 17382:Secondary sources 17243:Turville-Petre, G 17226:978-0-14-044339-4 17163:. Rome: Vatican. 17044:978-1-4426-0869-6 16425:Lewis, S (1987), 16080:"Document 3/32/2" 16046:"Document 3/32/1" 16012:"Document 3/30/1" 15910:"Document 2/11/5" 15876:"Document 1/16/1" 15842:"Document 1/15/7" 15808:"Document 1/15/6" 15774:"Document 1/15/1" 15740:"Document 1/15/4" 15706:"Document 1/15/3" 15672:"Document 1/13/1" 15638:"Document 1/11/1" 14878:p. 82, 82 n. 72; 14656:Cochran-Yu (2015) 14415:pp. 81, 155–156; 14363:pp. 81, 155–156; 14349:Cochran-Yu (2015) 14125:pp. 64–65 n. 87; 14069:Vigfusson (1887b) 14019:Regesta Norvegica 14000:Regesta Norvegica 13973:Regesta Norvegica 13957:Vigfusson (1887b) 13656:Broderick (2002a) 13620:Broderick (2002b) 13604:Broderick (2002b) 13600:Broderick (2002a) 13598:pp. 47, 211–212; 13471:pp. 708–709 § 1; 13425:Davey, PJ (2006c) 13332:Document 2/139/35 13329:pp. vi, 14 § 31; 13282:pp. 711–712 § 6; 13223:pp. 381–382 n. 4. 13053:Davey, PJ (2006a) 13037:Davey, PJ (2006c) 12894:Wilson, DM (1973) 12814:Wilson, DM (1973) 12688:Gillingham (2004) 12664:Vigfusson (1887b) 12646:p. 86, 86 n. 93; 12509:p. 24, 24 n. 122. 12459:Cochran-Yu (2015) 12214:Cochran-Yu (2015) 12186:Cochran-Yu (2015) 12114:Cochran-Yu (2015) 12003:Cochran-Yu (2015) 11939:Cochran-Yu (2015) 11891:pp. 94–95 § 266; 11865:Davey, PJ (2006a) 11763:pp. 147–148, 186. 11658:Annals of Loch Cé 11647:Annals of Loch Cé 11493:Gillingham (2010) 11465:Gillingham (2010) 11447:Document 2/139/75 11383:pt. 1 pp. 78–79; 11375:pp. vi, 11 § 26; 11371:pp. 290–293 § 8; 11125:Annals of Loch Cé 11118:Annals of Loch Cé 10959:Annals of Loch Cé 10945:Annals of Loch Cé 10870:Vigfusson (1887a) 10834:Brown, DJF (2015) 9741:pp. 81–82 § 480; 9677:Annals of Loch Cé 9666:Annals of Loch Cé 9458:Brown, DJF (2015) 9120:p. 63, 63 n. 86; 9076:Annals of Loch Cé 9057:Annals of Loch Cé 9010:p. 64, 64 n. 86; 8968:Brown, DJF (2015) 8571:Vigfusson (1887a) 8324:pp. 1–21, 1 n. 1. 8306:de Mandach (1983) 8196:Brut y Tywysogion 8158:pp. 54–55 n. 26; 8122:p. 83, 83 n. 11; 8112:Gillingham (2010) 8098:p. 83, 83 n. 11; 7240:Vigfusson (1887a) 7220:Vigfusson (1887a) 7061:Vigfusson (1887a) 6589:pp. 165, 197–198. 6075:Davey, PJ (2006b) 5971:Davey, PJ (2006b) 5900:MacQuarrie (2006) 5777:Brown, DJF (2015) 5390:Brown, DJF (2015) 5275:de Mandach (1983) 5239:de Mandach (1983) 5195:Davey, PJ (2006b) 5191:Davey, PJ (2006a) 5131:Cochran-Yu (2015) 4943:MacQuarrie (2006) 4354:Pope Honorius III 4283:Chronicle of Mann 4173:", an attempt at 4053:in such sources: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3473:Chronicle of Mann 3434:("assembly") and 3408:St Patrick's Isle 3234:Cruggleton Castle 3161:Chronicle of Mann 3126:Diocese of Argyll 2997:Chronicle of Mann 2936:Chronicle of Mann 2928:rook gaming piece 2891:Chronicle of Mann 2852:Chronicle of Mann 2819:Pope Innocent III 2794:Annals of Loch Cé 2781:Pope Honorius III 2754:Pope Honorius III 2716:, in which Irish 2714:Annals of Loch Cé 2664:, Alan's brother 2545:, governors, and 2349:Historia Anglorum 2302:Annals of Loch Cé 2252:Chronicle of Mann 2227:Roman van Ferguut 2172:Annals of Loch Cé 2155:Chronicle of Mann 2093:Kingdom of Dublin 1861:Brut y Tywysogyon 1794:Brut y Tywysogyon 1749:Welsh connections 1700:Earl of Caithness 1601:Haraldr Eiríksson 1437:Chronicle of Mann 1435:According to the 1417:king gaming piece 1404: 1403: 1400: 1399: 423:Chronicle of Mann 402:, who seized the 302:Chronicle of Mann 284:Chronicle of Mann 236:Pope Honorius III 165:King of the Isles 158: 157: 91:Óláfr Guðrøðarson 63:King of the Isles 23255: 22852:St Magnus Church 22847:Scar boat burial 22792:Brough of Birsay 22685:Sweyn Asleifsson 22680:Ragnall ua Ímair 22497: 22490: 22483: 22474: 22473: 22450:Eóghan of Argyll 22430:Haraldr Óláfsson 22347:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 22241:Sigurd the Stout 22132: 22125: 22118: 22109: 22108: 22083:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 22080:Preceded by 22070: 22069:14 February 1229 22051: 22050: 22042: 22035: 22015: 21984:The Innes Review 21978: 21959: 21940: 21918: 21908: 21898: 21871: 21844: 21842: 21825: 21790: 21765:(562): 503–532. 21756: 21746: 21709: 21686: 21654:The Innes Review 21644: 21631: 21623: 21621: 21619: 21600: 21591: 21564: 21541: 21494: 21475: 21467: 21448: 21411: 21390: 21363: 21348:Northern Studies 21345: 21335: 21316: 21297: 21289: 21270: 21243: 21235: 21233: 21231: 21212: 21200: 21178: 21162: 21154: 21152: 21150: 21131: 21122: 21109: 21097: 21080: 21061: 21051: 21016: 20983: 20964:. pp. 1–2. 20952: 20929: 20923: 20915: 20913: 20911: 20895: 20884: 20865: 20857: 20855: 20853: 20834: 20825: 20805: 20794: 20775: 20755: 20745: 20708: 20689: 20668: 20658: 20639: 20620: 20601: 20593: 20591: 20589: 20570: 20561: 20553: 20551: 20549: 20530: 20521: 20513: 20511: 20509: 20490: 20481: 20462: 20460: 20443: 20412: 20385: 20372: 20345: 20322: 20314: 20295: 20268: 20266: 20241: 20206: 20171: 20144: 20125: 20106: 20087: 20068: 20049: 20030: 20011: 19982: 19961: 19935: 19929: 19921: 19919: 19907: 19901: 19897: 19895: 19887: 19860: 19849:Lowe, C (1988). 19845: 19808: 19794: 19783: 19741: 19728: 19726: 19709: 19669: 19627: 19621:Joas, J (1865). 19617: 19615: 19594: 19571: 19532:Northern History 19526: 19524: 19522: 19507: 19494: 19471: 19452: 19433: 19394: 19372: 19360: 19349: 19326:Gunn, A (1897). 19322: 19314: 19295: 19273: 19267: 19257: 19238: 19211: 19203: 19201: 19199: 19180: 19171: 19139: 19095: 19085: 19059: 19036: 19017: 19009: 19007: 19005: 18986: 18977: 18969: 18967: 18965: 18946: 18937: 18929: 18927: 18925: 18906: 18897: 18874: 18856: 18846: 18793: 18770: 18768: 18747: 18708: 18679:Medieval Ireland 18673: 18650: 18619: 18597: 18587: 18577: 18558: 18539: 18512: 18496: 18486: 18464: 18441: 18439: 18418: 18393: 18366: 18347: 18345: 18343: 18334:. Archived from 18310: 18302: 18300: 18298: 18279: 18270: 18247: 18231: 18218: 18205: 18192: 18177: 18158: 18128: 18093: 18085: 18083: 18081: 18062: 18053: 18045: 18043: 18041: 18022: 18013: 18004: 17959: 17928: 17905: 17883: 17844: 17839:. Archived from 17819: 17788: 17757: 17734: 17703: 17686: 17659: 17657: 17655: 17636: 17605: 17582: 17535: 17533: 17531: 17509: 17470: 17446: 17435: 17409: 17376: 17361: 17339: 17328: 17309: 17291: 17281: 17259: 17253: 17238: 17214: 17200: 17174: 17172: 17150: 17139: 17125: 17113: 17093: 17074: 17048: 17025: 17007: 17001: 16993: 16978: 16964: 16934: 16928: 16920: 16918: 16916: 16896: 16878: 16872: 16864: 16838: 16824: 16802: 16796: 16788: 16786: 16784: 16768: 16762: 16754: 16752: 16750: 16734: 16720: 16702: 16696: 16688: 16686: 16684: 16668: 16657: 16638: 16627: 16616:, eds. (1874a). 16605: 16599: 16591: 16572: 16566: 16558: 16536: 16522: 16520: 16499: 16485: 16462: 16451: 16421: 16398: 16379: 16357: 16323: 16317: 16309: 16307: 16305: 16285: 16274: 16263: 16242: 16223: 16204: 16186: 16175: 16165: 16147: 16128: 16109: 16103: 16095: 16093: 16091: 16075: 16069: 16061: 16059: 16057: 16041: 16035: 16027: 16025: 16023: 16007: 16001: 15993: 15991: 15989: 15973: 15967: 15959: 15957: 15955: 15939: 15933: 15925: 15923: 15921: 15905: 15899: 15891: 15889: 15887: 15871: 15865: 15857: 15855: 15853: 15837: 15831: 15823: 15821: 15819: 15803: 15797: 15789: 15787: 15785: 15769: 15763: 15755: 15753: 15751: 15735: 15729: 15721: 15719: 15717: 15701: 15695: 15687: 15685: 15683: 15667: 15661: 15653: 15651: 15649: 15633: 15627: 15619: 15617: 15615: 15599: 15581: 15567: 15561: 15553: 15551: 15549: 15533: 15527: 15519: 15517: 15515: 15497: 15474: 15448: 15442: 15434: 15432: 15430: 15412: 15406: 15398: 15396: 15380: 15369: 15343: 15341: 15321: 15319: 15317: 15302: 15300: 15283: 15268: 15266: 15264: 15248: 15246: 15244: 15228: 15226: 15224: 15208: 15206: 15204: 15188: 15186: 15184: 15168: 15166: 15164: 15142: 15131: 15120: 15094: 15088: 15080: 15078: 15076: 15045: 15035: 15029: 15023: 15014: 15008: 15002: 14995:McDonald (2007b) 14992: 14986: 14983:McDonald (2007b) 14972: 14966: 14963:McDonald (2007b) 14952: 14943: 14932:McDonald (2007b) 14929: 14923: 14920:McDonald (2007b) 14917: 14911: 14900:McDonald (2007b) 14897: 14891: 14888:Stevenson (1839) 14876:McDonald (2007b) 14869: 14863: 14853:Vigfusson (1878) 14841:McDonald (2007b) 14838: 14832: 14829:Broderick (2003) 14825:McDonald (2007b) 14822: 14816: 14789:McDonald (2007b) 14774: 14763: 14760:McDonald (2007b) 14757: 14751: 14736:McDonald (2007b) 14725: 14719: 14709: 14703: 14696:McDonald (2007b) 14693: 14687: 14674:pp. 53, 70, 81; 14672:McDonald (2007b) 14668:McDonald (2007a) 14645: 14639: 14625:McDonald (2007b) 14618: 14612: 14609:McDonald (2007b) 14602: 14596: 14586:McDonald (2007b) 14579: 14573: 14551:McDonald (2007b) 14544: 14538: 14535:McDonald (2007b) 14532: 14526: 14500:McDonald (2007b) 14489: 14483: 14472:McDonald (2007b) 14465: 14459: 14433:McDonald (2007b) 14430: 14424: 14413:McDonald (2007b) 14406: 14400: 14361:McDonald (2007b) 14346: 14340: 14333:McDonald (2007b) 14326: 14320: 14317:McDonald (2007b) 14306: 14297: 14291: 14285: 14279: 14273: 14270:Broderick (2003) 14267: 14258: 14248: 14242: 14220: 14214: 14208: 14202: 14196: 14190: 14167:McDonald (2007b) 14160: 14154: 14127:McDonald (2007b) 14123:McDonald (2007a) 14108: 14102: 14092:Stevenson (1835) 14089: 14083: 14075:p. 466 ch. 153; 14071:p. 128 ch. 147; 14067:p. 134 ch. 147; 14059:p. 546 ch. 147; 14046: 14040: 14030: 14024: 14011: 14005: 13984: 13978: 13963:p. 440 ch. 105; 13913:Beuermann (2010) 13906: 13900: 13892:p. 556 ch. 168; 13887: 13881: 13875: 13869: 13842:McDonald (2007b) 13827: 13821: 13807: 13801: 13775: 13769: 13766:McDonald (2007b) 13763: 13754: 13747:McDonald (2007b) 13744: 13738: 13732: 13726: 13711:McDonald (2007b) 13704: 13698: 13677: 13671: 13665: 13659: 13653: 13647: 13646:pp. 40, 212–213. 13644:McDonald (2007b) 13641: 13635: 13632:McDonald (2007b) 13629: 13623: 13616:McDonald (2007b) 13613: 13607: 13596:McDonald (2007b) 13593: 13587: 13564:McDonald (2007b) 13560:McDonald (2007a) 13541: 13535: 13529: 13523: 13520:McDonald (2007b) 13517: 13511: 13493: 13487: 13469:Brownbill (1919) 13449:Beuermann (2002) 13441:Bridgland (2004) 13429:McDonald (2007b) 13421:Davey, PJ (2008) 13409:Beuermann (2014) 13394: 13388: 13374:Brownbill (1919) 13370:McDonald (2007b) 13367: 13361: 13355: 13349: 13343: 13337: 13323:McDonald (2007b) 13320: 13314: 13303:McDonald (2007b) 13300: 13294: 13280:Brownbill (1919) 13276:McDonald (2007b) 13273: 13267: 13261: 13252: 13249:Beuermann (2012) 13246: 13240: 13237:Beuermann (2012) 13230: 13224: 13217:Beuermann (2012) 13214: 13208: 13202: 13196: 13193:Beuermann (2002) 13186: 13180: 13173:Beuermann (2012) 13169:MacDonald (2013) 13166: 13160: 13141:Beuermann (2012) 13137:MacDonald (2013) 13133:Beuermann (2014) 13130: 13124: 13118: 13112: 13102: 13096: 13090: 13084: 13078: 13072: 13069:MacDonald (2013) 13066: 13060: 13050: 13044: 13034: 13028: 13022: 13016: 13003: 12997: 12994:McDonald (2007b) 12991: 12985: 12982:McDonald (2007b) 12979: 12973: 12966:McDonald (2007b) 12963: 12957: 12954:McDonald (2007b) 12947: 12941: 12938:McDonald (2007b) 12931: 12925: 12919: 12913: 12903: 12897: 12896:p. 15, 15 n. 43. 12890:McDonald (2007b) 12886:McDonald (2007a) 12883: 12877: 12866:McDonald (2007b) 12862:McDonald (2007a) 12859: 12853: 12843: 12837: 12834:McDonald (2007b) 12823: 12817: 12810:McDonald (2007b) 12806:McDonald (2007a) 12799: 12790: 12775:McDonald (2007b) 12771:McDonald (2007a) 12768: 12762: 12752: 12746: 12743:McDonald (2007b) 12736: 12730: 12727:McDonald (2007b) 12724: 12718: 12697: 12691: 12684:McDonald (2007b) 12677: 12671: 12666:p. 148 ch. 167; 12662:p. 154 ch. 167; 12644:McDonald (2007b) 12641: 12635: 12627:p. 558 ch. 169; 12622: 12616: 12591:McDonald (2007b) 12588: 12582: 12563:Broderick (2003) 12559:McDonald (2007b) 12548: 12542: 12539:McDonald (2007b) 12536: 12530: 12516: 12510: 12503:McDonald (2007b) 12500: 12494: 12467:McDonald (2007b) 12448: 12442: 12436: 12430: 12424: 12418: 12408: 12402: 12392: 12383: 12376:McDonald (2007b) 12369: 12363: 12357: 12351: 12345: 12339: 12333: 12318: 12312: 12306: 12300: 12294: 12258:McDonald (2007b) 12255: 12249: 12226:McDonald (2007b) 12207: 12201: 12194:McDonald (2007b) 12183: 12177: 12170:McDonald (2007a) 12163: 12157: 12126:McDonald (2007b) 12122:McDonald (2007a) 12103: 12097: 12094:McDonald (2007b) 12083: 12077: 12074:McDonald (2007b) 12071: 12065: 12058:McDonald (2007b) 12055: 12049: 12043: 12037: 12034:McDonald (2007b) 12031: 12022: 12019:McDonald (2007b) 12016: 12010: 12007:McDonald (2007b) 12000: 11994: 11947:McDonald (2007b) 11933:pp. 61, 63, 66; 11928: 11922: 11912:Wilson, J (1915) 11905: 11899: 11881:Jamroziak (2008) 11877:Jamroziak (2011) 11874: 11868: 11861:McDonald (2007b) 11854: 11848: 11842: 11836: 11833:Moore, TM (1966) 11830: 11824: 11821:Moore, TM (1966) 11817:McDonald (2007b) 11814: 11808: 11805:Moore, TM (1966) 11801:McDonald (2007b) 11798: 11792: 11789:McDonald (2007b) 11786: 11780: 11773:McDonald (2007b) 11770: 11764: 11761:McDonald (2007b) 11758: 11752: 11721:p. 95, 95 n. 3; 11711:McDonald (2007b) 11700: 11691: 11685: 11679: 11673: 11667: 11629: 11623: 11597:McDonald (2007b) 11590: 11584: 11574: 11568: 11558: 11552: 11546: 11540: 11533:McDonald (2007b) 11530: 11524: 11517:McDonald (2007b) 11514: 11508: 11505:McDonald (2007b) 11502: 11496: 11490: 11484: 11469:McDonald (2007b) 11461:Wiedemann (2016) 11458: 11452: 11411:McDonald (2007b) 11404: 11398: 11345:McDonald (2007b) 11337:Wiedemann (2016) 11329:Wiedemann (2018) 11326: 11320: 11317:McDonald (2007b) 11314: 11308: 11286:McDonald (2007b) 11283: 11277: 11267: 11261: 11213: 11207: 11181:McDonald (2007b) 11178: 11172: 11140: 11134: 11114: 11108: 11075:McDonald (2007b) 11072: 11066: 11063:McDonald (2007b) 11060: 11051: 11045: 11039: 11009: 11003: 10981: 10975: 10927: 10921: 10890:McDonald (2007b) 10883: 10877: 10859: 10853: 10846:McDonald (2007b) 10831: 10825: 10822:McDonald (2007a) 10819: 10813: 10799: 10793: 10787: 10778: 10768: 10762: 10759:McDonald (2007b) 10752: 10746: 10743:McDonald (2007b) 10740: 10734: 10727:McDonald (2007b) 10723:McDonald (2007a) 10716: 10710: 10660:McDonald (2007b) 10656:McDonald (2007a) 10633: 10627: 10621: 10615: 10612:McDonald (2007b) 10609: 10603: 10600:McDonald (2007b) 10596:McDonald (2007a) 10589: 10583: 10552:McDonald (2007b) 10548:McDonald (2007a) 10541: 10535: 10521:McDonald (2007b) 10514: 10508: 10497:McDonald (2007b) 10494: 10488: 10485:McDonald (2007b) 10482: 10473: 10432:McDonald (2007b) 10421: 10412: 10409:McDonald (2007b) 10402: 10396: 10390: 10384: 10381:McDonald (2007b) 10373:Beuermann (2010) 10366: 10360: 10354: 10348: 10345:Beuermann (2011) 10342: 10336: 10333:McDonald (2007b) 10330: 10324: 10321:Beuermann (2010) 10318: 10312: 10309:McDonald (2007b) 10301:Beuermann (2010) 10297:Beuermann (2011) 10294: 10288: 10277:McDonald (2007b) 10270: 10264: 10261:McDonald (2007b) 10258: 10252: 10246: 10237: 10230:McDonald (2007b) 10219: 10213: 10198:McDonald (2007b) 10190:Beuermann (2010) 10186:Beuermann (2011) 10171: 10165: 10152: 10146: 10134:p. 23, 23 n. 3; 10120:Beuermann (2002) 10112:McDonald (2007b) 10104:Beuermann (2010) 10096:Beuermann (2011) 10085: 10079: 10050:Beuermann (2002) 10042:McDonald (2007b) 10030:Beuermann (2012) 10023: 10017: 10007:Vigfusson (1878) 9980:McDonald (2007b) 9973: 9967: 9964:McDonald (2007b) 9961: 9955: 9932:McDonald (2007b) 9925: 9919: 9908:McDonald (2007b) 9905: 9899: 9896:McDonald (2007b) 9893: 9887: 9881: 9875: 9839: 9833: 9823: 9817: 9807: 9801: 9795: 9786: 9771:McDonald (2007b) 9767:McDonald (2007a) 9764: 9758: 9755:McDonald (2007b) 9752: 9746: 9719:McDonald (2007b) 9712: 9706: 9696: 9690: 9672:McDonald (2007b) 9662: 9656: 9649:McDonald (2007b) 9646: 9640: 9625:McDonald (2007b) 9622: 9616: 9603: 9597: 9574:McDonald (2007b) 9563: 9557: 9554:McDonald (2007b) 9547: 9541: 9531: 9525: 9502:McDonald (2007b) 9498:McDonald (2007a) 9487: 9481: 9475: 9469: 9455: 9449: 9443: 9434: 9427:McDonald (2007b) 9424: 9418: 9404:McDonald (2007b) 9401: 9395: 9381:McDonald (2007b) 9374: 9368: 9359: 9353: 9331: 9322: 9315:McDonald (2007b) 9312: 9306: 9284:McDonald (2007b) 9277: 9271: 9241:McDonald (2007b) 9230: 9224: 9190:McDonald (2007b) 9186:McDonald (2007a) 9179: 9173: 9167: 9161: 9154:McDonald (2007b) 9147: 9141: 9138:McDonald (2007b) 9131: 9125: 9110:McDonald (2007b) 9103: 9097: 9071:McDonald (2007b) 9067:McDonald (2007a) 9053: 9047: 9041: 9035: 9032:McDonald (2007a) 9029: 9023: 8988:McDonald (2007b) 8984:McDonald (2007a) 8965: 8959: 8932:McDonald (2007b) 8928:McDonald (2007a) 8913: 8907: 8896:McDonald (2007b) 8885: 8879: 8873: 8867: 8860:McDonald (2007b) 8857: 8851: 8836:McDonald (2007b) 8829: 8823: 8816:McDonald (2007b) 8809: 8803: 8785: 8779: 8764:McDonald (2007b) 8753: 8747: 8744:McDonald (2007b) 8737: 8731: 8724:McDonald (2007b) 8717: 8711: 8704:McDonald (2007b) 8700:McDonald (2007a) 8697: 8691: 8684:McDonald (2007b) 8673: 8667: 8661: 8655: 8641:McDonald (2007b) 8637:McDonald (2007a) 8634: 8628: 8587:McDonald (2007b) 8584: 8578: 8567:McDonald (2007b) 8563:McDonald (2007a) 8552: 8546: 8543:McDonald (2007b) 8540: 8534: 8528: 8522: 8519:McDonald (2007b) 8516: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8492: 8486: 8483:Beuermann (2010) 8476: 8470: 8464: 8458: 8444:McDonald (2007a) 8433: 8427: 8409: 8403: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8360: 8347: 8341: 8331: 8325: 8315: 8309: 8287: 8281: 8268: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8240: 8231: 8228:McDonald (2007b) 8224:Smith, JB (2014) 8217: 8208: 8192: 8186: 8183:McDonald (2007b) 8180: 8167: 8153: 8147: 8144:Wilkinson (2005) 8141: 8135: 8120:Wilkinson (2005) 8116:McDonald (2007b) 8109: 8103: 8096:Wilkinson (2005) 8092:McDonald (2007b) 8089: 8083: 8072:McDonald (2007b) 8069: 8063: 8044:Wilkinson (2005) 8036:McDonald (2007b) 8033: 8027: 7996:Wilkinson (2005) 7988:McDonald (2007b) 7985: 7979: 7960:Wilkinson (2005) 7956:McDonald (2007b) 7953: 7947: 7944:McDonald (2007b) 7941: 7935: 7924:McDonald (2007b) 7921: 7915: 7900:McDonald (2007b) 7897: 7891: 7888:McDonald (2007b) 7884:McDonald (2007a) 7881: 7875: 7856:McDonald (2007b) 7852:McDonald (2007a) 7849: 7840: 7825:McDonald (2007b) 7818: 7812: 7781:McDonald (2007b) 7777:McDonald (2007a) 7774: 7768: 7745:McDonald (2007b) 7741:McDonald (2007a) 7738: 7732: 7718: 7712: 7701:McDonald (2007b) 7698: 7692: 7673:McDonald (2007b) 7670: 7664: 7661:McDonald (2007b) 7658: 7652: 7645:McDonald (2007b) 7641:McDonald (2007a) 7638: 7632: 7629:McDonald (2007b) 7626: 7620: 7613:McDonald (2007b) 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7589:McDonald (2007b) 7586: 7580: 7570: 7564: 7561:McDonald (2007b) 7558: 7547: 7544:McDonald (2007b) 7541: 7535: 7528:McDonald (2007b) 7525: 7519: 7516:Beuermann (2008) 7512:Beuermann (2009) 7509: 7503: 7497: 7491: 7481: 7475: 7456:McDonald (2007b) 7449: 7443: 7440:Joas (1862–1864) 7421: 7415: 7409: 7403: 7400:McDonald (2007b) 7397: 7391: 7366:pp. 70–71, 111; 7364:McDonald (2007a) 7353: 7347: 7344:McDonald (2007b) 7340:McDonald (2007a) 7337: 7331: 7280:McDonald (2007b) 7276:McDonald (2007a) 7269: 7263: 7253: 7247: 7233: 7227: 7168:McDonald (2007b) 7164:McDonald (2007a) 7149: 7143: 7129: 7123: 7110: 7104: 7094: 7088: 7074: 7068: 7042: 7036: 7026: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7005:McDonald (2007b) 7002: 6996: 6974:McDonald (2007b) 6970:McDonald (2007a) 6967: 6961: 6958:McDonald (2007b) 6955: 6949: 6934:McDonald (2007b) 6931: 6925: 6915: 6909: 6903: 6894: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6837:McDonald (2007a) 6830: 6824: 6795:McDonald (2007b) 6792: 6786: 6772: 6766: 6759:McDonald (2007b) 6756: 6750: 6740: 6734: 6707:McDonald (2007b) 6688: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6658:McDonald (2007b) 6655: 6649: 6626:McDonald (2007b) 6615: 6606: 6603:McDonald (2007a) 6596: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6554: 6543:McDonald (2007b) 6532: 6526: 6520: 6514: 6511:McDonald (2007b) 6504: 6498: 6495:McDonald (2007b) 6488: 6482: 6460:McDonald (2007b) 6445: 6439: 6425:McDonald (2007b) 6422: 6416: 6413:McDonald (2007b) 6410: 6404: 6390:McDonald (2007b) 6387: 6381: 6354:McDonald (2007b) 6339: 6333: 6330:McDonald (2007b) 6323: 6317: 6302:Broderick (2003) 6294:McDonald (2007b) 6282:Beuermann (2014) 6280:pp. 24, 66, 77; 6275: 6269: 6266:McDonald (2007b) 6263: 6257: 6254:McDonald (2007b) 6251: 6245: 6242:McDonald (2007b) 6235: 6229: 6226:McDonald (2007b) 6219: 6213: 6210:McDonald (2007b) 6207: 6201: 6191: 6185: 6179: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6152: 6146: 6136: 6130: 6120: 6114: 6111:McDonald (2007b) 6108: 6102: 6099:McDonald (2007b) 6096: 6090: 6087:McDonald (2007b) 6084: 6078: 6072: 6066: 6056: 6050: 6040: 6034: 6016: 6010: 6007:McDonald (2007b) 6004: 5998: 5995:McDonald (2007b) 5992: 5986: 5983:McDonald (2007b) 5980: 5974: 5967:McDonald (2007b) 5956: 5950: 5947:McDonald (2007b) 5940: 5934: 5921: 5915: 5892:McDonald (2007b) 5888:McDonald (2007a) 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5845:Wilson, J (1915) 5841:Wilson, J (1915) 5837:McDonald (2007b) 5834: 5828: 5822: 5816: 5813:McDonald (2007a) 5806: 5800: 5793:McDonald (2007a) 5770: 5764: 5761:McDonald (2007b) 5757:Beuermann (2008) 5753:Beuermann (2010) 5742: 5736: 5733:Beuermann (2011) 5729:Beuermann (2012) 5726: 5720: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5665: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5618:Beuermann (2002) 5615: 5609: 5602:Beuermann (2002) 5591: 5585: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5542: 5536: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5500: 5493:McDonald (2007b) 5489:Beuermann (2008) 5485:Beuermann (2009) 5477:Beuermann (2010) 5473:Beuermann (2011) 5465:Beuermann (2012) 5461:MacDonald (2013) 5450: 5444: 5438: 5429: 5414:McDonald (2007a) 5394:Beuermann (2014) 5383: 5377: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5263:McDonald (2007a) 5256: 5250: 5203:Broderick (2003) 5187:McDonald (2007a) 5167:Wiedemann (2016) 5152: 5146: 5135:McDonald (2007a) 5128: 5122: 5111:Beuermann (2002) 5067:McDonald (2007a) 5060: 5054: 5027:Beuermann (2002) 5003:McDonald (2007a) 4980: 4974: 4971:Jamroziak (2011) 4968: 4962: 4931:McDonald (2007a) 4888: 4882: 4879:Jamroziak (2008) 4876: 4870: 4854: 4835: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4813: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4791: 4788:Broderick (2003) 4784:McDonald (2007b) 4780: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4761: 4755: 4744: 4716: 4708: 4692: 4686: 4679: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4654: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4603: 4597: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4574: 4567: 4561: 4558: 4552: 4545: 4537: 4529: 4521: 4515: 4512: 4506: 4499: 4491: 4485: 4478: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4431:Conn Cétchathach 4419: 4413: 4405: 4399: 4396: 4388: 4382: 4379: 4371: 4363: 4357: 4350: 4344: 4337: 4331: 4324: 4312: 4304: 4279: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4242: 4235: 4227: 4211: 4205: 4184: 4178: 4171: 3983: 3869:11. name unknown 3510: 3509: 3501: 3500: 3440: 3432: 3389: 3380: 3312: 3280: 3204:St Oran's Chapel 3032: 3018: 3005:High Middle Ages 2987: 2899: 2897:regina Insularum 2828:Vatican Archives 2683: 2653:Alan fitz Roland 2563: 2555: 2490: 2470:Hákon Hákonarson 2468:Coat of arms of 2455: 2443: 2435: 2427: 2419: 2393:Icelandic annals 2342:Coat of arms of 2236:Alan fitz Roland 2163: 2085:kingship of Tara 2039: 1976:Karlamagnús saga 1870: 1832: 1813: 1696: 1684: 1676: 1668: 1629:Roger de Hoveden 1585: 1513:Annals of Ulster 1500: 1453:Lewis and Harris 484: 483: 474: 473: 445: 293: 247:Lewis and Harris 153:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 104:14 February 1229 81:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 54: 40: 28: 27: 23263: 23262: 23258: 23257: 23256: 23254: 23253: 23252: 23198: 23197: 23196: 23191: 23133: 23129:Treaty of Perth 23052: 23026: 22988: 22935: 22908:Orkneyinga saga 22902:Manx runestones 22856: 22842:Rubha an Dùnain 22817:Kirkwall Castle 22787:Bishop's Palace 22765: 22699: 22638: 22547: 22533:Lords of Argyll 22523:Earls of Orkney 22506: 22501: 22471: 22466: 22459: 22445:Magnús Óláfsson 22381: 22325: 22316:Magnús berfœttr 22270:Ímar mac Arailt 22262:Haakon Ericsson 22219: 22199:Ketill Flatnose 22176: 22145: 22136: 22102: 22093: 22085: 22064: 22063: 22056: 22026: 22023: 22018: 21975: 21956: 21946:The Argyll Book 21937: 21906: 21887: 21860: 21814: 21754: 21706: 21625: 21617: 21615: 21588: 21561: 21491: 21469: 21379: 21343: 21332: 21313: 21291: 21267: 21237: 21229: 21227: 21197: 21156: 21148: 21146: 21106: 21077: 20980: 20949: 20917: 20916: 20909: 20907: 20881: 20859: 20851: 20849: 20814: 20791: 20753: 20705: 20655: 20636: 20617: 20595: 20587: 20585: 20555: 20547: 20545: 20515: 20507: 20505: 20478: 20440: 20401: 20361: 20316: 20264:10.5284/1032950 20230: 20195: 20168: 20141: 20131:Medieval Dublin 20122: 20103: 20084: 20065: 20046: 20027: 19958: 19923: 19922: 19917: 19899: 19898: 19889: 19888: 19876: 19739: 19625: 19591: 19520: 19518: 19491: 19468: 19449: 19414:10.2307/4053044 19391: 19369: 19316: 19292: 19265: 19254: 19227: 19205: 19197: 19195: 19168: 19093: 19082: 19056: 19033: 19011: 19003: 19001: 18971: 18963: 18961: 18931: 18923: 18921: 18894: 18854: 18790: 18697: 18616: 18585: 18574: 18555: 18536: 18509: 18494: 18461: 18382: 18363: 18341: 18339: 18338:on 16 June 2019 18332: 18304: 18296: 18294: 18267: 18244: 18229: 18174: 18155: 18117: 18087: 18079: 18077: 18047: 18039: 18037: 17956: 17925: 17902: 17816: 17785: 17754: 17740:The Argyll Book 17731: 17675: 17653: 17651: 17650:. pp. 1–10 17625: 17602: 17529: 17527: 17459: 17432: 17406: 17394:. Vol. 4. 17384: 17379: 17306:Clarendon Press 17251: 17227: 17122: 17100:, ed. (1977) . 17045: 16995: 16994: 16988:. Vol. 5. 16949:, eds. (1739). 16922: 16921: 16914: 16912: 16866: 16865: 16849:, eds. (1890). 16790: 16789: 16782: 16780: 16756: 16755: 16748: 16746: 16690: 16689: 16682: 16680: 16593: 16592: 16560: 16559: 16509:Háskóli Íslands 16469:Highland Papers 16458:The Clan Donald 16441: 16338:, eds. (1870). 16311: 16310: 16303: 16301: 16260: 16171:Fornmanna Sögur 16117:, eds. (1929). 16115:Collingwood, WG 16097: 16096: 16089: 16087: 16063: 16062: 16055: 16053: 16029: 16028: 16021: 16019: 15995: 15994: 15987: 15985: 15961: 15960: 15953: 15951: 15927: 15926: 15919: 15917: 15893: 15892: 15885: 15883: 15859: 15858: 15851: 15849: 15825: 15824: 15817: 15815: 15791: 15790: 15783: 15781: 15757: 15756: 15749: 15747: 15723: 15722: 15715: 15713: 15689: 15688: 15681: 15679: 15655: 15654: 15647: 15645: 15621: 15620: 15613: 15611: 15555: 15554: 15547: 15545: 15542:British Library 15521: 15520: 15513: 15511: 15507:British Library 15471: 15461:Canongate Books 15436: 15435: 15428: 15426: 15400: 15399: 15315: 15313: 15280:Chetham Society 15262: 15260: 15242: 15240: 15222: 15220: 15202: 15200: 15182: 15180: 15162: 15160: 15082: 15081: 15074: 15072: 15069:Skaldic Project 15059: 15057:Primary sources 15054: 15049: 15048: 15036: 15032: 15024: 15017: 15009: 15005: 14993: 14989: 14981:p. xvi tab. 5; 14975:McDonald (2019) 14973: 14969: 14955:McDonald (2019) 14953: 14946: 14936:McIntire (1943) 14930: 14926: 14918: 14914: 14904:Anderson (1922) 14898: 14894: 14884:Anderson (1922) 14872:McDonald (2019) 14870: 14866: 14849:Anderson (1922) 14839: 14835: 14823: 14819: 14809:Anderson (1922) 14793:Brown, M (2004) 14777:McDonald (2019) 14775: 14766: 14758: 14754: 14744:Anderson (1922) 14740:McDonald (1997) 14738:pp. 81–82, 83; 14728:McDonald (2019) 14726: 14722: 14710: 14706: 14694: 14690: 14680:Anderson (1922) 14648:McDonald (2019) 14646: 14642: 14621:McDonald (2008) 14619: 14615: 14605:McDonald (2008) 14603: 14599: 14582:McDonald (2008) 14580: 14576: 14549:pp. 148 n. 89; 14547:McDonald (2008) 14545: 14541: 14533: 14529: 14510:p. 182 § 1001; 14496:McDonald (2008) 14490: 14486: 14476:Anderson (1922) 14466: 14462: 14454:Document 1/16/1 14431: 14427: 14417:Anderson (1922) 14407: 14403: 14393:Anderson (1922) 14381:Stringer (1998) 14365:Brown, M (2004) 14347: 14343: 14329:McDonald (2019) 14327: 14323: 14309:McDonald (2019) 14307: 14300: 14292: 14288: 14280: 14276: 14268: 14261: 14255:Stringer (1998) 14249: 14245: 14239:Stringer (1998) 14221: 14217: 14209: 14205: 14197: 14193: 14187:McDonald (1997) 14183:Stringer (1998) 14175:Brown, M (2004) 14161: 14157: 14147:Anderson (1922) 14131:Brown, M (2004) 14111:McDonald (2019) 14109: 14105: 14090: 14086: 14053:Anderson (1922) 14047: 14043: 14033:McDonald (1997) 14031: 14027: 14012: 14008: 13987:McDonald (1997) 13985: 13981: 13959:p. 87 ch. 101; 13947:p. 522 ch. 98; 13941:Anderson (1922) 13925:McDonald (1997) 13921:McDonald (2004) 13907: 13903: 13888: 13884: 13876: 13872: 13862:Anderson (1922) 13850:McDonald (1997) 13830:McDonald (2019) 13828: 13824: 13818:Sweetman (1875) 13808: 13804: 13798:Sweetman (1875) 13776: 13772: 13764: 13757: 13751:Stringer (1998) 13745: 13741: 13735:Stringer (1998) 13733: 13729: 13719:Brown, M (2004) 13705: 13701: 13684:Johnston (1991) 13678: 13674: 13668:Johnston (1991) 13666: 13662: 13654: 13650: 13642: 13638: 13630: 13626: 13614: 13610: 13594: 13590: 13580:Anderson (1922) 13568:Brown, M (2004) 13544:McDonald (2019) 13542: 13538: 13530: 13526: 13518: 13514: 13504:Atkinson (1887) 13500:McIntire (1943) 13494: 13490: 13482:Document 1/13/1 13465:McIntire (1943) 13463:pp. 33–34, 42; 13453:McDonald (1997) 13417:Flanagan (2010) 13405:McDonald (2016) 13397:Tinmouth (2018) 13395: 13391: 13383:Document 1/15/1 13368: 13364: 13358:McDonald (2012) 13356: 13352: 13344: 13340: 13321: 13317: 13301: 13297: 13289:Document 2/11/5 13274: 13270: 13262: 13255: 13247: 13243: 13231: 13227: 13221:Anderson (1922) 13215: 13211: 13203: 13199: 13187: 13183: 13167: 13163: 13149:McDonald (1997) 13131: 13127: 13119: 13115: 13105:McDonald (2012) 13103: 13099: 13091: 13087: 13083:p. 159 fig. 4d. 13079: 13075: 13067: 13063: 13051: 13047: 13035: 13031: 13023: 13019: 13004: 13000: 12992: 12988: 12980: 12976: 12964: 12960: 12950:McDonald (2019) 12948: 12944: 12934:McDonald (2012) 12932: 12928: 12920: 12916: 12904: 12900: 12884: 12880: 12870:MacInnes (2006) 12860: 12856: 12844: 12840: 12830:McDonald (2012) 12826:McDonald (2016) 12824: 12820: 12802:McDonald (2012) 12800: 12793: 12785:p. 70 fig. 24; 12769: 12765: 12759:McDonald (2012) 12755:McDonald (2019) 12753: 12749: 12739:McDonald (2019) 12737: 12733: 12725: 12721: 12700:McDonald (2019) 12698: 12694: 12680:McDonald (2019) 12678: 12674: 12656:Anderson (1922) 12642: 12638: 12623: 12619: 12599:Anderson (1922) 12589: 12585: 12575:Anderson (1922) 12555:McDonald (2012) 12549: 12545: 12537: 12533: 12517: 12513: 12501: 12497: 12487:Anderson (1922) 12483:McDonald (1997) 12475:Brown, M (2004) 12455:McDonald (2016) 12451:McDonald (2019) 12449: 12445: 12437: 12433: 12425: 12421: 12409: 12405: 12393: 12386: 12370: 12366: 12360:McDonald (2019) 12358: 12354: 12348:McDonald (2019) 12346: 12342: 12334: 12321: 12313: 12309: 12301: 12297: 12289:Document 3/32/2 12282:Document 3/32/1 12275:Document 3/30/1 12256: 12252: 12210:McDonald (2019) 12208: 12204: 12184: 12180: 12166:McDonald (2019) 12164: 12160: 12150:Anderson (1922) 12146:McDonald (1997) 12110:McDonald (2016) 12106:McDonald (2019) 12104: 12100: 12086:McDonald (2019) 12084: 12080: 12072: 12068: 12056: 12052: 12044: 12040: 12032: 12025: 12017: 12013: 12001: 11997: 11987:Anderson (1922) 11983:McDonald (1997) 11963:Brown, M (2004) 11935:McDonald (2016) 11931:McDonald (2019) 11929: 11925: 11917:Document 1/15/3 11906: 11902: 11894:Document 1/15/4 11885:McIntire (1943) 11875: 11871: 11857:McDonald (2016) 11855: 11851: 11843: 11839: 11831: 11827: 11815: 11811: 11799: 11795: 11787: 11783: 11771: 11767: 11759: 11755: 11747:Document 1/11/1 11744:vol. 19 § 157; 11733:p. 179 § 1179; 11731:Sweetman (1875) 11719:Stringer (1998) 11701: 11694: 11686: 11682: 11674: 11670: 11630: 11626: 11609:Sweetman (1875) 11591: 11587: 11581:Sweetman (1875) 11575: 11571: 11559: 11555: 11547: 11543: 11531: 11527: 11515: 11511: 11503: 11499: 11491: 11487: 11459: 11455: 11423:Anderson (1922) 11407:McDonald (2016) 11405: 11401: 11393:Document 1/15/7 11390:vol. 19 § 123; 11365:Anderson (1922) 11333:McDonald (2016) 11327: 11323: 11315: 11311: 11290:Anderson (1922) 11284: 11280: 11274:Sweetman (1875) 11268: 11264: 11243:Sweetman (1875) 11232:Anderson (1922) 11214: 11210: 11189:Anderson (1922) 11179: 11175: 11162:Sweetman (1875) 11141: 11137: 11115: 11111: 11083:Anderson (1922) 11073: 11069: 11061: 11054: 11048:McDonald (2008) 11046: 11042: 11032:Stringer (1998) 11024:Ross, AD (2003) 11010: 11006: 10982: 10978: 10928: 10924: 10910:Sweetman (1875) 10898:McDonald (1997) 10886:McDonald (2008) 10884: 10880: 10866:McDonald (2012) 10862:McDonald (2016) 10860: 10856: 10850:Stringer (1998) 10842:McDonald (2008) 10832: 10828: 10820: 10816: 10800: 10796: 10788: 10781: 10769: 10765: 10755:McDonald (2008) 10753: 10749: 10741: 10737: 10719:McDonald (2008) 10717: 10713: 10692:Sweetman (1875) 10676:McDonald (1997) 10668:Davey, P (2002) 10652:McDonald (2008) 10640:McDonald (2016) 10634: 10630: 10622: 10618: 10610: 10606: 10592:McDonald (2008) 10590: 10586: 10572:Sweetman (1875) 10544:McDonald (2008) 10542: 10538: 10517:McDonald (2008) 10515: 10511: 10495: 10491: 10483: 10476: 10468:Document 1/15/6 10428:McDonald (2008) 10422: 10415: 10405:McDonald (2008) 10403: 10399: 10391: 10387: 10377:McDonald (2008) 10367: 10363: 10355: 10351: 10343: 10339: 10331: 10327: 10319: 10315: 10305:McDonald (2008) 10295: 10291: 10273:McDonald (2008) 10271: 10267: 10259: 10255: 10247: 10240: 10226:McDonald (2008) 10224:p. 180 n. 140; 10222:McDonald (2012) 10220: 10216: 10194:McDonald (2008) 10182:McDonald (2012) 10172: 10168: 10153: 10149: 10141:Fornmanna Sögur 10136:Anderson (1922) 10116:Brown, M (2004) 10108:McDonald (2008) 10092:McDonald (2012) 10086: 10082: 10074:Fornmanna Sögur 10071:p. 468 ch. 18; 10065:Anderson (1922) 10038:McDonald (2008) 10034:McDonald (2012) 10024: 10020: 10003:Anderson (1922) 9976:McDonald (2012) 9974: 9970: 9962: 9958: 9948:Anderson (1908) 9926: 9922: 9906: 9902: 9894: 9890: 9882: 9878: 9857:Sweetman (1875) 9846:Anderson (1922) 9840: 9836: 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8986:pp. 62–63, 53; 8980:McDonald (2008) 8972:McDonald (2012) 8966: 8962: 8948:McDonald (1997) 8940:McDonald (2004) 8924:McDonald (2008) 8914: 8910: 8900:Smith, B (2006) 8892:McDonald (2008) 8886: 8882: 8874: 8870: 8858: 8854: 8832:McDonald (2008) 8830: 8826: 8812:McDonald (2008) 8810: 8806: 8788:McDonald (2008) 8786: 8782: 8760:McDonald (2008) 8754: 8750: 8740:McDonald (2008) 8738: 8734: 8720:McDonald (2008) 8718: 8714: 8698: 8694: 8680:McDonald (2008) 8674: 8670: 8662: 8658: 8635: 8631: 8603:Anderson (1922) 8595:McDonald (1997) 8585: 8581: 8565:pp. 55–56, 72; 8559:McDonald (2008) 8555:McDonald (2012) 8553: 8549: 8541: 8537: 8529: 8525: 8517: 8513: 8505: 8501: 8493: 8489: 8477: 8473: 8465: 8461: 8440:McDonald (2008) 8436:McDonald (2016) 8434: 8430: 8410: 8406: 8394: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8370: 8363: 8348: 8344: 8332: 8328: 8316: 8312: 8288: 8284: 8269: 8265: 8257: 8253: 8241: 8234: 8220:McDonald (2019) 8218: 8211: 8193: 8189: 8181: 8170: 8154: 8150: 8142: 8138: 8110: 8106: 8090: 8086: 8070: 8066: 8034: 8030: 8026:pp. 49–50 § 47. 7986: 7982: 7954: 7950: 7942: 7938: 7922: 7918: 7898: 7894: 7882: 7878: 7850: 7843: 7821:McDonald (2019) 7819: 7815: 7793:Jennings (1994) 7789:Moore, D (1996) 7775: 7771: 7739: 7735: 7719: 7715: 7699: 7695: 7671: 7667: 7659: 7655: 7639: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7611: 7607: 7601:Ross, AD (2003) 7599: 7595: 7587: 7583: 7571: 7567: 7559: 7550: 7542: 7538: 7526: 7522: 7510: 7506: 7498: 7494: 7484:McDonald (2012) 7482: 7478: 7452:McDonald (2012) 7450: 7446: 7422: 7418: 7410: 7406: 7398: 7394: 7376:Anderson (1908) 7360:McDonald (2012) 7354: 7350: 7338: 7334: 7316:Anderson (1908) 7270: 7266: 7262:p. 288 fig. 55. 7254: 7250: 7234: 7230: 7216:Anderson (1922) 7166:pp. 55–56, 72; 7156:McDonald (2012) 7150: 7146: 7130: 7126: 7115:p. 198 ch. 14; 7111: 7107: 7095: 7091: 7075: 7071: 7043: 7039: 7027: 7023: 7015: 7011: 7003: 6999: 6968: 6964: 6956: 6952: 6942:Anderson (1922) 6932: 6928: 6922:Macphail (1914) 6916: 6912: 6904: 6897: 6885: 6881: 6873: 6869: 6863:Anderson (1922) 6848:Brown, M (2004) 6831: 6827: 6793: 6789: 6779:McDonald (2012) 6775:McDonald (2019) 6773: 6769: 6757: 6753: 6741: 6737: 6727:Anderson (1922) 6719:McDonald (1997) 6703:McDonald (2008) 6695:McDonald (2012) 6691:McDonald (2019) 6689: 6680: 6672: 6668: 6662:McDonald (1997) 6656: 6652: 6642:Anderson (1922) 6638:McDonald (1997) 6618:McDonald (2012) 6616: 6609: 6597: 6593: 6585: 6581: 6573: 6569: 6561: 6557: 6535:McDonald (2019) 6533: 6529: 6523:McDonald (2012) 6521: 6517: 6507:McDonald (2019) 6505: 6501: 6491:McDonald (2019) 6489: 6485: 6456:McDonald (2008) 6448:McDonald (2019) 6446: 6442: 6434:Document 1/16/1 6423: 6419: 6411: 6407: 6388: 6384: 6374:Anderson (1922) 6366:McDonald (1997) 6352:p. 195 n. 123; 6350:Flanagan (2010) 6342:McDonald (2019) 6340: 6336: 6324: 6320: 6310:Anderson (1922) 6292:p. 195 n. 123; 6290:Flanagan (2010) 6278:McDonald (2019) 6276: 6272: 6264: 6260: 6252: 6248: 6238:McDonald (2019) 6236: 6232: 6220: 6216: 6208: 6204: 6192: 6188: 6180: 6173: 6165: 6161: 6155:Thornton (1996) 6153: 6149: 6143:Thornton (1996) 6137: 6133: 6127:Thornton (1996) 6121: 6117: 6109: 6105: 6097: 6093: 6085: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6059:McDonald (2008) 6057: 6053: 6041: 6037: 6031:MacInnes (2006) 6017: 6013: 6005: 6001: 5993: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5957: 5953: 5943:McDonald (2012) 5941: 5937: 5922: 5918: 5876:McDonald (2016) 5874: 5870: 5864:McDonald (2016) 5862: 5858: 5850:Document 1/15/3 5835: 5831: 5823: 5819: 5807: 5803: 5785:McDonald (2008) 5773:McDonald (2016) 5771: 5767: 5749:McDonald (2012) 5743: 5739: 5727: 5723: 5711: 5707: 5699: 5695: 5687: 5683: 5675: 5668: 5654:McDonald (2019) 5652: 5648: 5640: 5636: 5630:Moore, D (1996) 5628: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5592: 5588: 5576: 5572: 5564: 5560: 5552: 5545: 5537: 5530: 5522: 5518: 5510: 5503: 5469:McDonald (2012) 5457:McDonald (2016) 5453:McDonald (2019) 5451: 5447: 5439: 5432: 5402:McDonald (2008) 5386:McDonald (2016) 5384: 5380: 5346:Brown, M (2004) 5314:McDonald (2019) 5312: 5308: 5300: 5293: 5287:Thornton (1996) 5285: 5281: 5273: 5269: 5259:McDonald (2019) 5257: 5253: 5227:Johnston (1991) 5223:Jennings (1994) 5219:Moore, D (1996) 5207:Davey, P (2002) 5183:McDonald (2008) 5171:McDonald (2012) 5163:McDonald (2016) 5155:McDonald (2019) 5153: 5149: 5139:Brown, M (2004) 5129: 5125: 5119:McDonald (1997) 5115:Stringer (1998) 5091:Flanagan (2004) 5061: 5057: 5043:Thornton (1996) 5015:McDonald (2004) 5007:Brown, M (2004) 4999:McDonald (2008) 4995:Flanagan (2010) 4981: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4939:MacInnes (2006) 4919:McDonald (2008) 4911:McDonald (2012) 4899:McDonald (2016) 4891:McDonald (2019) 4889: 4885: 4877: 4873: 4855: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4829: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4794: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4693: 4689: 4680: 4676: 4670: 4666: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4641: 4624: 4620: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4555: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4492: 4488: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4420: 4416: 4406: 4402: 4389: 4385: 4364: 4360: 4351: 4347: 4338: 4334: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4233:Gwrthryt Mearch 4212: 4208: 4185: 4181: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3498: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3400: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3382: 3381: 3370: 3226: 3096: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3019: 2948:Earldom of Ross 2920: 2908:Lord of Kintyre 2836: 2730: 2685: 2680:Orkneyinga saga 2677: 2632:, the dukes of 2511: 2336: 2185: 2049:Orkneyinga saga 2041: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2019: 2009: 2001:Llanbadarn Fawr 1913:Chronica majora 1751: 1605:Orkneyinga saga 1554:Orkneyinga saga 1530: 1469:Norwegian Crown 1449:Outer Hebridean 1409: 1380: 1369: 1353: 1206: 1194: 1177: 1168: 1159: 1150: 1141: 1004: 982: 965: 956: 947: 825: 801: 792: 783: 665: 649: 498: 447: 439: 436: 433: 404:Inner Hebridean 357: 275: 196:Rhodri ab Owain 190:, and occupied 120: 105: 57: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 23261: 23251: 23250: 23245: 23240: 23238:Crovan dynasty 23235: 23230: 23225: 23220: 23215: 23210: 23193: 23192: 23190: 23189: 23184: 23179: 23174: 23169: 23164: 23159: 23154: 23149: 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22060:Crovan dynasty 22057: 22054: 22049: 22048: 22036: 22022: 22021:External links 22019: 22017: 22016: 21990:(1): 113–116. 21979: 21973: 21960: 21954: 21941: 21935: 21919: 21899: 21885: 21872: 21858: 21845: 21826: 21812: 21791: 21747: 21721:(2): 209–232. 21710: 21704: 21687: 21645: 21632: 21592: 21586: 21565: 21559: 21542: 21508:(1): 171–172. 21495: 21489: 21476: 21449: 21423:(2): 105–120. 21412: 21391: 21377: 21364: 21336: 21330: 21317: 21311: 21298: 21271: 21265: 21244: 21201: 21195: 21179: 21163: 21123: 21110: 21104: 21081: 21075: 21062: 21034:(3): 205–219. 21017: 20984: 20978: 20953: 20947: 20930: 20896: 20885: 20879: 20866: 20826: 20812: 20795: 20789: 20776: 20746: 20720:(2): 107–132. 20709: 20703: 20690: 20669: 20659: 20653: 20640: 20634: 20621: 20615: 20602: 20562: 20522: 20482: 20476: 20463: 20444: 20438: 20413: 20399: 20386: 20373: 20359: 20346: 20323: 20296: 20269: 20242: 20228: 20207: 20193: 20172: 20166: 20145: 20139: 20126: 20120: 20107: 20101: 20088: 20082: 20069: 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Vol. 1. 19908: 19900:|journal= 19874: 19861: 19846: 19809: 19795: 19784: 19729: 19710: 19670: 19618: 19602:(PhD thesis). 19595: 19589: 19572: 19527: 19495: 19489: 19472: 19466: 19453: 19447: 19434: 19395: 19389: 19373: 19367: 19350: 19323: 19296: 19290: 19274: 19258: 19252: 19244:Viking Empires 19239: 19225: 19212: 19172: 19166: 19140: 19086: 19080: 19060: 19054: 19037: 19031: 19018: 18978: 18938: 18898: 18892: 18875: 18847: 18794: 18788: 18771: 18755:(PhD thesis). 18748: 18709: 18695: 18674: 18651: 18633:(1): 122–124. 18620: 18614: 18598: 18578: 18572: 18559: 18553: 18540: 18534: 18513: 18507: 18487: 18465: 18459: 18442: 18426:(PhD thesis). 18419: 18394: 18380: 18367: 18361: 18348: 18330: 18311: 18271: 18265: 18248: 18242: 18219: 18206: 18193: 18187:(PhD thesis). 18178: 18172: 18159: 18153: 18129: 18115: 18099:Harper-Bill, C 18094: 18054: 18014: 18005: 17971:(1): 155–203. 17960: 17954: 17929: 17923: 17906: 17900: 17884: 17845: 17820: 17814: 17789: 17783: 17758: 17752: 17735: 17729: 17704: 17690:Bower (1899). 17687: 17673: 17660: 17637: 17623: 17606: 17600: 17583: 17536: 17510: 17471: 17457: 17436: 17430: 17410: 17404: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17377: 17362: 17346:, ed. 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11525: 11509: 11497: 11485: 11481:Richter (1971) 11477:Vincent (2004) 11453: 11431:Theiner (1864) 11419:Johnsen (1969) 11415:Richter (1971) 11413:pp. 149, 186; 11399: 11373:Theiner (1864) 11361:Johnsen (1969) 11357:Richter (1971) 11321: 11309: 11278: 11262: 11260:vol. 19 § 124. 11228:Johnsen (1969) 11208: 11173: 11171:vol. 19 § 116. 11164:p. 123 § 828; 11160:p. 122 § 696; 11135: 11109: 11107:vol. 19 § 115. 11079:Johnsen (1969) 11067: 11052: 11040: 11016:Ross, A (2007) 11004: 10992:Pollock (2005) 10988:Ross, A (2007) 10976: 10965:Pollock (2005) 10922: 10906:Johnsen (1969) 10894:Pollock (2005) 10878: 10854: 10826: 10814: 10802:Pollock (2015) 10794: 10790:Pollock (2015) 10779: 10775:Gilbert (1884) 10763: 10747: 10735: 10711: 10688:Johnsen (1969) 10644:Pollock (2015) 10628: 10616: 10604: 10584: 10568:Johnsen (1969) 10556:Pollock (2005) 10536: 10509: 10489: 10474: 10465:vol. 19 § 94; 10440:Johnsen (1969) 10424:Pollock (2015) 10413: 10397: 10385: 10375:p. 106 n. 20; 10361: 10349: 10337: 10325: 10313: 10289: 10285:Johnsen (1969) 10265: 10253: 10238: 10232:p. 134 n. 61; 10228:p. 143 n. 63; 10214: 10210:Johnsen (1969) 10166: 10147: 10132:Johnsen (1969) 10080: 10069:Jónsson (1916) 10028:p. 30 ch. 17; 10018: 9968: 9956: 9952:Howlett (1889) 9940:Johnsen (1969) 9920: 9916:Johnsen (1969) 9900: 9888: 9876: 9874:vol. 19 § 124. 9844:p. 105 n. 19; 9834: 9818: 9816:pp. 11–12, 18. 9814:Pollock (2005) 9802: 9798:Pollock (2005) 9787: 9759: 9747: 9715:Pollock (2005) 9707: 9703:Howlett (1885) 9691: 9657: 9653:Pollock (2005) 9641: 9617: 9598: 9578:Pollock (2005) 9558: 9542: 9538:Pollock (2005) 9526: 9506:Pollock (2005) 9504:pp. 129, 133; 9482: 9470: 9466:Pollock (2005) 9450: 9435: 9419: 9396: 9369: 9354: 9323: 9317:p. 131 n. 46; 9307: 9272: 9225: 9174: 9162: 9142: 9126: 9098: 9048: 9036: 9024: 8960: 8908: 8888:Downham (2018) 8880: 8868: 8852: 8824: 8804: 8780: 8748: 8732: 8712: 8692: 8668: 8656: 8629: 8627:vol. 19 § 115. 8599:Johnsen (1969) 8589:pp. 119, 142; 8579: 8547: 8535: 8523: 8511: 8499: 8487: 8471: 8459: 8428: 8416:Hurlock (2011) 8404: 8396:Hurlock (2011) 8388: 8376: 8361: 8342: 8340:pp. 22–23, 29. 8326: 8310: 8298:Hurlock (2011) 8282: 8263: 8251: 8232: 8209: 8187: 8168: 8156:Pollock (2015) 8148: 8136: 8104: 8084: 8064: 8054:p. 617 n. 29; 8028: 8018:p. 617 n. 29; 8014:p. 207 n. 14; 8012:Richter (1971) 7980: 7948: 7936: 7916: 7892: 7876: 7841: 7813: 7801:Longley (1991) 7769: 7733: 7713: 7693: 7665: 7653: 7633: 7621: 7605: 7593: 7581: 7565: 7548: 7536: 7530:p. 111 n. 42; 7520: 7504: 7492: 7476: 7444: 7426:pp. 236, 340; 7416: 7404: 7392: 7372:Topping (1983) 7348: 7332: 7292:Crawford 2004a 7264: 7248: 7228: 7204:Topping (1983) 7198:pp. 135, 150; 7144: 7136:Topping (1983) 7124: 7113:Jónsson (1916) 7105: 7101:Topping (1983) 7089: 7085:Topping (1983) 7069: 7057:Topping (1983) 7037: 7021: 7009: 6997: 6962: 6950: 6926: 6910: 6895: 6879: 6867: 6825: 6787: 6781:p. 176 n. 73; 6767: 6751: 6735: 6711:Pollock (2005) 6678: 6666: 6650: 6607: 6591: 6579: 6567: 6555: 6537:p. ix tab. 1; 6527: 6515: 6499: 6483: 6470:pp. 237, 239; 6440: 6417: 6405: 6382: 6364:pp. 105, 124; 6348:pp. 156, 169; 6334: 6318: 6288:pp. 156, 169; 6270: 6258: 6246: 6230: 6222:Valante (2010) 6214: 6202: 6186: 6171: 6159: 6147: 6131: 6115: 6103: 6091: 6079: 6067: 6051: 6035: 6011: 5999: 5987: 5975: 5951: 5935: 5916: 5868: 5856: 5829: 5817: 5801: 5765: 5737: 5721: 5705: 5693: 5689:Topping (1983) 5681: 5666: 5646: 5634: 5622: 5610: 5586: 5570: 5558: 5543: 5528: 5516: 5512:Downham (2008) 5501: 5481:Valante (2010) 5445: 5430: 5378: 5370:Topping (1983) 5306: 5291: 5279: 5267: 5251: 5179:Hurlock (2011) 5147: 5123: 5095:McNamee (2005) 5075:Pollock (2005) 5063:Pollock (2015) 5055: 4975: 4963: 4883: 4871: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4823: 4814: 4801: 4792: 4775: 4765: 4756: 4687: 4674: 4664: 4649: 4639: 4618: 4598: 4585: 4575: 4562: 4553: 4516: 4507: 4486: 4465: 4455: 4443:Firth of Clyde 4427:Meic Lochlainn 4414: 4400: 4383: 4358: 4345: 4332: 4252: 4243: 4239:Guðrøðr Crovan 4206: 4179: 4163:St Bees Priory 3977: 3975: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3506: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3394: 3393: 3384: 3383: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3225: 3222: 3182:Orcadian earls 3143:(now known as 3095: 3092: 3083:heir-apparents 3048:Manx runestone 3042: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3013: 3012: 3011: 3010: 3009: 2919: 2916: 2835: 2832: 2790:Bǫglunga sǫgur 2768:from without. 2729: 2726: 2670: 2510: 2507: 2498:Earl of Ulster 2478:Bǫglunga sǫgur 2441:Konge paa Manö 2402:Bǫglunga sǫgur 2335: 2332: 2184: 2181: 2177:Dundrum Castle 2167:Walter de Lacy 2143:Dundrum Castle 2120:Meic Lochlainn 2097:John de Courcy 2012: 2010: 2008: 2005: 1769:rulers of the 1750: 1747: 1529: 1526: 1421:Lewis chessmen 1408: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1384: 1382: 1373: 1371: 1364: 1362: 1357: 1355: 1348: 1346: 1341: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1199: 1197: 1190: 1188: 1181: 1179: 1172: 1170: 1163: 1161: 1154: 1152: 1145: 1143: 1135: 1134: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1006: 999: 997: 994: 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528: 526: 524: 522: 520: 518: 516: 514: 512: 510: 508: 506: 504: 502: 500: 493: 491: 489: 487: 480: 479: 430: 428: 372:Crovan dynasty 356: 353: 315:Crovan dynasty 274: 271: 204:John de Courcy 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 143:Crovan dynasty 140: 134: 133: 128: 122: 121: 116: 114: 110: 109: 102: 98: 97: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 59: 58: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23260: 23249: 23246: 23244: 23241: 23239: 23236: 23234: 23231: 23229: 23226: 23224: 23221: 23219: 23216: 23214: 23211: 23209: 23206: 23205: 23203: 23188: 23185: 23183: 23180: 23178: 23175: 23173: 23170: 23168: 23165: 23163: 23160: 23158: 23155: 23153: 23150: 23148: 23145: 23144: 23142: 23140: 23136: 23130: 23127: 23125: 23122: 23120: 23117: 23115: 23112: 23110: 23107: 23105: 23102: 23100: 23097: 23095: 23092: 23090: 23087: 23085: 23082: 23080: 23077: 23075: 23072: 23070: 23067: 23065: 23062: 23061: 23059: 23055: 23049: 23046: 23044: 23041: 23039: 23036: 23035: 23033: 23029: 23023: 23022:Old Norwegian 23020: 23018: 23015: 23013: 23010: 23008: 23005: 23003: 23000: 22999: 22997: 22995: 22991: 22985: 22982: 22980: 22977: 22975: 22972: 22970: 22967: 22965: 22962: 22960: 22959:Law Ting Holm 22957: 22955: 22952: 22950: 22947: 22946: 22944: 22942: 22938: 22932: 22929: 22927: 22924: 22922: 22921: 22917: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22909: 22905: 22903: 22900: 22898: 22895: 22893: 22890: 22888: 22885: 22883: 22882: 22878: 22876: 22875: 22871: 22869: 22866: 22865: 22863: 22859: 22853: 22850: 22848: 22845: 22843: 22840: 22838: 22835: 22833: 22830: 22828: 22825: 22823: 22822:Linton Chapel 22820: 22818: 22815: 22813: 22810: 22808: 22805: 22803: 22800: 22798: 22795: 22793: 22790: 22788: 22785: 22783: 22780: 22778: 22775: 22774: 22772: 22768: 22762: 22759: 22757: 22754: 22752: 22749: 22747: 22744: 22742: 22739: 22737: 22734: 22732: 22729: 22727: 22724: 22722: 22719: 22717: 22714: 22712: 22709: 22708: 22706: 22702: 22696: 22693: 22691: 22688: 22686: 22683: 22681: 22678: 22676: 22675:Páll Bálkason 22673: 22671: 22668: 22666: 22663: 22661: 22658: 22656: 22653: 22651: 22648: 22647: 22645: 22641: 22635: 22632: 22630: 22627: 22625: 22622: 22620: 22617: 22615: 22612: 22610: 22607: 22605: 22602: 22600: 22597: 22595: 22592: 22590: 22587: 22585: 22582: 22580: 22577: 22575: 22572: 22570: 22567: 22565: 22562: 22560: 22557: 22556: 22554: 22552:Notable women 22550: 22544: 22541: 22539: 22536: 22534: 22531: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22521: 22519: 22518:List of kings 22516: 22515: 22513: 22509: 22505: 22498: 22493: 22491: 22486: 22484: 22479: 22478: 22475: 22465:^ Speculative 22462: 22456: 22453: 22451: 22448: 22446: 22443: 22441: 22438: 22436: 22433: 22431: 22428: 22426: 22423: 22421: 22418: 22417: 22414: 22411: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22391: 22390: 22388: 22384: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22368: 22365: 22363: 22360: 22358: 22355: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22338: 22335: 22334: 22332: 22328: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22312: 22309: 22307: 22304: 22302: 22299: 22297: 22294: 22292: 22289: 22287: 22284: 22282: 22279: 22277: 22274: 22271: 22268: 22267: 22263: 22260: 22257: 22254: 22252: 22249: 22247: 22244: 22242: 22239: 22237: 22234: 22232: 22229: 22228: 22226: 22222: 22216: 22213: 22211: 22208: 22206: 22205:Amlaíb Cuarán 22203: 22200: 22197: 22195: 22192: 22189: 22186: 22185: 22183: 22179: 22173: 22172:Amlaíb Conung 22170: 22167: 22163: 22160: 22158: 22155: 22154: 22152: 22148: 22144: 22140: 22133: 22128: 22126: 22121: 22119: 22114: 22113: 22110: 22101: 22092: 22091: 22084: 22078: 22073: 22068: 22062: 22061: 22052: 22046: 22041: 22037: 22033: 22029: 22025: 22024: 22013: 22009: 22005: 22001: 21997: 21993: 21989: 21985: 21980: 21976: 21970: 21966: 21961: 21957: 21955:1-84158-253-0 21951: 21947: 21942: 21938: 21932: 21928: 21924: 21920: 21916: 21912: 21905: 21900: 21896: 21892: 21888: 21882: 21878: 21873: 21869: 21865: 21861: 21859:90-04-13807-2 21855: 21851: 21846: 21841: 21836: 21832: 21827: 21823: 21819: 21815: 21813:1-84383-122-8 21809: 21805: 21801: 21797: 21792: 21788: 21784: 21780: 21776: 21772: 21768: 21764: 21760: 21753: 21748: 21744: 21740: 21736: 21732: 21728: 21724: 21720: 21716: 21711: 21707: 21701: 21697: 21696:T&T Clark 21694:. Edinburgh: 21693: 21688: 21684: 21680: 21676: 21672: 21668: 21664: 21661:(2): 99–119. 21660: 21656: 21655: 21650: 21646: 21642: 21638: 21633: 21629: 21614: 21610: 21606: 21605: 21599: 21593: 21589: 21583: 21579: 21575: 21571: 21566: 21562: 21556: 21552: 21548: 21543: 21539: 21535: 21531: 21527: 21523: 21519: 21515: 21511: 21507: 21503: 21502: 21496: 21492: 21490:0-582-30811-9 21486: 21482: 21477: 21473: 21465: 21461: 21457: 21456: 21450: 21446: 21442: 21438: 21434: 21430: 21426: 21422: 21418: 21413: 21409: 21405: 21402:(1S): 46–63. 21401: 21397: 21392: 21388: 21384: 21380: 21378:0-85115-389-5 21374: 21370: 21365: 21361: 21357: 21353: 21349: 21342: 21337: 21333: 21331:0-7486-1110-X 21327: 21323: 21318: 21314: 21308: 21304: 21299: 21295: 21287: 21283: 21279: 21278: 21272: 21268: 21262: 21258: 21254: 21250: 21245: 21241: 21226: 21222: 21218: 21217: 21211: 21206: 21202: 21198: 21196:1-86232-151-5 21192: 21188: 21184: 21180: 21176: 21172: 21168: 21164: 21160: 21145: 21141: 21137: 21136: 21130: 21124: 21120: 21116: 21111: 21107: 21101: 21096: 21091: 21087: 21082: 21078: 21076:1-874744-86-6 21072: 21068: 21063: 21059: 21055: 21050: 21049:10107/1074978 21045: 21041: 21037: 21033: 21029: 21028: 21023: 21018: 21014: 21010: 21006: 21002: 20998: 20994: 20990: 20985: 20981: 20975: 20971: 20967: 20963: 20959: 20954: 20950: 20948:0-520-09997-4 20944: 20940: 20936: 20931: 20927: 20921: 20905: 20901: 20897: 20893: 20892: 20886: 20882: 20880:0-7083-1897-5 20876: 20872: 20867: 20863: 20848: 20844: 20840: 20839: 20833: 20827: 20823: 20819: 20815: 20813:0-19-820362-4 20809: 20804: 20803: 20796: 20792: 20786: 20782: 20777: 20773: 20769: 20765: 20761: 20760: 20752: 20747: 20743: 20739: 20735: 20731: 20727: 20723: 20719: 20715: 20710: 20706: 20700: 20696: 20691: 20687: 20683: 20679: 20675: 20670: 20666: 20665: 20660: 20656: 20650: 20646: 20641: 20637: 20631: 20627: 20622: 20618: 20612: 20608: 20603: 20599: 20584: 20580: 20576: 20575: 20569: 20563: 20559: 20544: 20540: 20536: 20535: 20529: 20523: 20519: 20504: 20500: 20496: 20495: 20489: 20483: 20479: 20477:0-85976-541-5 20473: 20469: 20464: 20459: 20454: 20450: 20445: 20441: 20435: 20431: 20427: 20423: 20419: 20414: 20410: 20406: 20402: 20400:90-04-14206-1 20396: 20392: 20387: 20383: 20379: 20374: 20370: 20366: 20362: 20360:0-85115-389-5 20356: 20352: 20347: 20343: 20339: 20335: 20331: 20330: 20324: 20320: 20312: 20308: 20304: 20303: 20297: 20293: 20289: 20285: 20281: 20280: 20275: 20270: 20265: 20260: 20256: 20252: 20248: 20243: 20239: 20235: 20231: 20225: 20221: 20217: 20213: 20208: 20204: 20200: 20196: 20190: 20186: 20182: 20178: 20173: 20169: 20163: 20159: 20155: 20151: 20146: 20142: 20136: 20132: 20127: 20123: 20117: 20113: 20108: 20104: 20098: 20094: 20089: 20085: 20083:0-511-03855-0 20079: 20075: 20070: 20066: 20060: 20056: 20051: 20047: 20045:1-85109-445-8 20041: 20037: 20032: 20028: 20026:0-86140-248-0 20022: 20018: 20013: 20009: 20005: 20001: 19997: 19993: 19989: 19984: 19980: 19976: 19972: 19968: 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13304: 13299: 13292: 13290: 13285: 13281: 13277: 13272: 13265: 13260: 13258: 13250: 13245: 13238: 13234: 13229: 13222: 13218: 13213: 13206: 13201: 13194: 13190: 13185: 13178: 13174: 13170: 13165: 13158: 13154: 13150: 13147:pp. 175–177; 13146: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13129: 13122: 13117: 13110: 13106: 13101: 13094: 13089: 13082: 13077: 13070: 13065: 13058: 13057:Davey (2006c) 13054: 13049: 13042: 13038: 13033: 13027:pp. 171, 180. 13026: 13021: 13014: 13012: 13008:pp. 114–115; 13007: 13002: 12995: 12990: 12983: 12978: 12971: 12967: 12962: 12955: 12951: 12946: 12939: 12935: 12930: 12923: 12918: 12911: 12907: 12902: 12895: 12891: 12887: 12882: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12858: 12852:pp. 241, 338. 12851: 12847: 12846:Clancy (2007) 12842: 12835: 12831: 12827: 12822: 12815: 12811: 12807: 12803: 12798: 12796: 12789:p. 57 fig. 9. 12788: 12784: 12783:Cubbon (1952) 12780: 12779:Rixson (1982) 12776: 12772: 12767: 12760: 12756: 12751: 12744: 12740: 12735: 12728: 12723: 12716: 12715:Dimock (1868) 12712: 12710: 12705: 12704:Thorpe (1978) 12701: 12696: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12676: 12669: 12665: 12661: 12660:Dasent (1894) 12657: 12653: 12649: 12645: 12640: 12633: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12614: 12612: 12607: 12605: 12601:pp. 454–455; 12600: 12596: 12592: 12587: 12580: 12577:pp. 458–459; 12576: 12572: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12547: 12540: 12535: 12528: 12524: 12520: 12515: 12508: 12504: 12499: 12492: 12488: 12484: 12480: 12476: 12472: 12471:Murray (2005) 12468: 12464: 12460: 12456: 12452: 12447: 12440: 12435: 12428: 12423: 12416: 12412: 12407: 12400: 12396: 12391: 12389: 12381: 12377: 12373: 12368: 12361: 12356: 12349: 12344: 12337: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12326: 12324: 12316: 12311: 12304: 12299: 12292: 12290: 12285: 12283: 12278: 12276: 12271: 12268:pp. 565–565; 12267: 12263: 12259: 12254: 12247: 12243: 12239: 12235: 12231: 12227: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12211: 12206: 12199: 12195: 12191: 12187: 12182: 12175: 12172:p. 73 n. 35; 12171: 12167: 12162: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12138:Duffy (2004c) 12135: 12131: 12128:pp. 78, 116; 12127: 12124:p. 73 n. 35; 12123: 12119: 12115: 12111: 12107: 12102: 12095: 12091: 12087: 12082: 12075: 12070: 12063: 12060:pp. 79, 163; 12059: 12054: 12047: 12042: 12035: 12030: 12028: 12020: 12015: 12008: 12004: 11999: 11992: 11989:pp. 457–458; 11988: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11967:Duffy (2004c) 11964: 11960: 11956: 11955:Murray (2005) 11952: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11936: 11932: 11927: 11920: 11918: 11913: 11909: 11908:Hudson (2005) 11904: 11897: 11895: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11873: 11866: 11862: 11858: 11853: 11846: 11841: 11834: 11829: 11822: 11818: 11813: 11806: 11803:pp. 31, 144; 11802: 11797: 11790: 11785: 11778: 11774: 11769: 11762: 11757: 11750: 11748: 11743: 11741: 11736: 11732: 11728: 11724: 11720: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11699: 11697: 11689: 11684: 11677: 11672: 11665: 11661: 11659: 11654: 11650: 11648: 11643: 11641: 11636: 11634: 11628: 11621: 11619: 11614: 11613:Oliver (1861) 11610: 11606: 11602: 11599:pp. 146–147; 11598: 11594: 11589: 11582: 11578: 11573: 11566: 11562: 11557: 11550: 11545: 11538: 11534: 11529: 11522: 11518: 11513: 11506: 11501: 11494: 11489: 11482: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11457: 11450: 11448: 11444:vol. 7 § 11; 11443: 11441: 11436: 11435:Oliver (1861) 11432: 11428: 11425:p. 455 n. 2; 11424: 11420: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11403: 11396: 11394: 11389: 11387: 11382: 11378: 11377:Oliver (1861) 11374: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11358: 11355:p. 40 n. 62; 11354: 11350: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11334: 11331:pp. 512–513; 11330: 11325: 11318: 11313: 11306: 11302: 11301:Oliver (1861) 11298: 11296: 11292:p. 439 n. 1; 11291: 11288:pp. 142–143; 11287: 11282: 11275: 11271: 11266: 11259: 11257: 11253:pt. 1 p. 79; 11252: 11248: 11247:Oliver (1861) 11244: 11240: 11238: 11234:p. 439 n. 1; 11233: 11229: 11225: 11221: 11217: 11212: 11205: 11201: 11200:Oliver (1861) 11198:pp. 204–205; 11197: 11195: 11191:p. 439 n. 1; 11190: 11186: 11182: 11177: 11170: 11168: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11153: 11148: 11144: 11139: 11132: 11128: 11126: 11121: 11119: 11113: 11106: 11104: 11100:pt. 1 p. 75; 11099: 11095: 11094:Oliver (1861) 11091: 11089: 11085:p. 439 n. 1; 11084: 11080: 11076: 11071: 11064: 11059: 11057: 11049: 11044: 11037: 11033: 11029: 11026:pp. 198–199; 11025: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11008: 11001: 10997: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10980: 10973: 10971: 10966: 10962: 10960: 10955: 10953: 10948: 10946: 10941: 10939: 10934: 10932: 10926: 10919: 10915: 10914:Oliver (1861) 10912:p. 80 § 502; 10911: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10891: 10887: 10882: 10876:p. 195 § 114. 10875: 10871: 10867: 10863: 10858: 10851: 10848:pp. 140–141; 10847: 10844:pp. 146–147; 10843: 10840:pp. 145–146; 10839: 10835: 10830: 10823: 10818: 10811: 10810:Hardy (1844a) 10808:p. 49 n. 28; 10807: 10806:Church (1998) 10803: 10798: 10791: 10786: 10784: 10776: 10772: 10767: 10760: 10756: 10751: 10744: 10739: 10732: 10728: 10724: 10720: 10715: 10709:vol. 19 § 93. 10708: 10706: 10701: 10697: 10696:Oliver (1861) 10694:p. 70 § 428; 10693: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10665: 10661: 10657: 10653: 10649: 10648:Wadden (2014) 10646:p. 56 n. 35; 10645: 10641: 10637: 10632: 10625: 10620: 10613: 10608: 10601: 10598:p. 75 n. 40; 10597: 10593: 10588: 10581: 10577: 10576:Oliver (1861) 10574:p. 70 § 429; 10573: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10540: 10534:vol. 19 § 95. 10533: 10531: 10526: 10525:Oliver (1861) 10522: 10518: 10513: 10506: 10502: 10501:Oliver (1861) 10498: 10493: 10486: 10481: 10479: 10471: 10469: 10464: 10462: 10458:pt. 1 p. 51; 10457: 10453: 10449: 10448:Oliver (1861) 10445: 10441: 10437: 10433: 10429: 10426:p. 56 n. 36; 10425: 10420: 10418: 10410: 10407:pp. 144–145; 10406: 10401: 10394: 10389: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10371:pp. 168–170; 10370: 10365: 10358: 10353: 10346: 10341: 10334: 10329: 10322: 10317: 10310: 10307:pp. 142–144; 10306: 10302: 10298: 10293: 10286: 10282: 10279:pp. 134–135; 10278: 10274: 10269: 10262: 10257: 10250: 10245: 10243: 10235: 10231: 10227: 10223: 10218: 10211: 10207: 10203: 10202:Duffy (2004c) 10199: 10195: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10179: 10175: 10170: 10163: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10144: 10142: 10137: 10133: 10130:pp. 114–115; 10129: 10125: 10122:p. 420 n. 6; 10121: 10117: 10113: 10110:pp. 142–143; 10109: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10084: 10077: 10075: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10060: 10055: 10052:p. 420 n. 6; 10051: 10047: 10043: 10040:pp. 142–143; 10039: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10022: 10015: 10013: 10009:pp. 366–367; 10008: 10004: 10000: 9996: 9994: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9977: 9972: 9965: 9960: 9953: 9949: 9946:pp. 114–115; 9945: 9944:Lawrie (1910) 9941: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9924: 9917: 9913: 9909: 9904: 9897: 9892: 9885: 9880: 9873: 9871: 9867:pt. 1 p. 79; 9866: 9862: 9861:Oliver (1861) 9858: 9854: 9852: 9848:p. 439 n. 1; 9847: 9843: 9838: 9832:p. 114 § 755. 9831: 9827: 9822: 9815: 9811: 9806: 9799: 9794: 9792: 9784: 9783:Hardy (1844a) 9781:p. 64 § 407; 9780: 9776: 9775:Duffy (1996a) 9772: 9768: 9763: 9756: 9751: 9744: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9727:Duffy (1996a) 9724: 9720: 9716: 9711: 9704: 9700: 9699:Duffy (1996a) 9695: 9688: 9684: 9683:Duffy (1996a) 9680: 9678: 9673: 9669: 9667: 9661: 9654: 9650: 9645: 9638: 9637:Michel (1840) 9634: 9630: 9629:Duffy (1996a) 9626: 9621: 9614: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9595: 9591: 9587: 9586:Holden (2001) 9583: 9582:Turner (2006) 9579: 9575: 9571: 9567: 9562: 9555: 9551: 9546: 9539: 9535: 9530: 9523: 9520:pp. 387–388; 9519: 9515: 9514:Duffy (1996a) 9511: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9486: 9480:pp. 118, 121. 9479: 9474: 9467: 9464:pp. 145–146; 9463: 9459: 9454: 9447: 9442: 9440: 9432: 9431:Farrer (1902) 9428: 9423: 9417:vol. 19 § 90. 9416: 9414: 9409: 9408:Oliver (1861) 9405: 9400: 9394:vol. 19 § 89. 9393: 9391: 9386: 9385:Oliver (1861) 9382: 9379:pp. 140–141; 9378: 9373: 9366: 9364: 9358: 9352:pp. 199, 206. 9351: 9350:Farrer (1902) 9348:p. 64 § 383; 9347: 9343: 9339: 9335: 9330: 9328: 9320: 9319:Oliver (1861) 9316: 9311: 9305:vol. 19 § 88. 9304: 9302: 9297: 9296:Oliver (1861) 9293: 9292:Farrer (1902) 9289: 9285: 9281: 9276: 9270:vol. 19 § 87. 9269: 9267: 9263:pt. 1 p. 44; 9262: 9258: 9254: 9253:Oliver (1861) 9251:p. 63 § 380; 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9229: 9223:vol. 19 § 84. 9222: 9220: 9216:pt. 1 p. 44; 9215: 9211: 9207: 9206:Oliver (1861) 9203: 9199: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9183: 9178: 9171: 9166: 9159: 9156:pp. 130–131; 9155: 9151: 9146: 9139: 9135: 9130: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9107: 9102: 9095: 9092:p. 364 n. 4; 9091: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9077: 9073:pp. 128–129; 9072: 9068: 9064: 9060: 9058: 9052: 9045: 9040: 9033: 9028: 9021: 9017: 9014:pp. 363–365; 9013: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8969: 8964: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8934:pp. 128–127; 8933: 8929: 8925: 8921: 8918:pp. 117–118; 8917: 8912: 8905: 8901: 8898:pp. 128–127; 8897: 8893: 8889: 8884: 8877: 8872: 8865: 8861: 8856: 8849: 8845: 8841: 8837: 8834:pp. 137–138; 8833: 8828: 8821: 8820:Duffy (1996b) 8818:pp. 126–127; 8817: 8814:pp. 137–138; 8813: 8808: 8801: 8800:Duffy (2004a) 8797: 8793: 8792:Crooks (2005) 8790:pp. 136–137; 8789: 8784: 8777: 8773: 8772:Duffy (2004a) 8769: 8765: 8761: 8758:pp. 145–146; 8757: 8752: 8745: 8741: 8736: 8729: 8726:pp. 124–125; 8725: 8722:pp. 135–136; 8721: 8716: 8709: 8706:pp. 117–118; 8705: 8701: 8696: 8689: 8686:pp. 119–120; 8685: 8681: 8677: 8672: 8666:pp. 148, 156. 8665: 8660: 8653: 8651: 8647:pp. 410–427; 8646: 8643:pp. 117–120; 8642: 8638: 8633: 8626: 8624: 8620:pt. 1 p. 75; 8619: 8615: 8614:Oliver (1861) 8611: 8609: 8605:p. 439 n. 1; 8604: 8600: 8596: 8593:pp. 124–125; 8592: 8588: 8583: 8576: 8572: 8569:pp. 118–120; 8568: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8551: 8544: 8539: 8532: 8531:Wadden (2014) 8527: 8520: 8515: 8508: 8503: 8496: 8491: 8484: 8480: 8479:Wadden (2014) 8475: 8468: 8463: 8456: 8454: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8432: 8425: 8424:Rejhon (1984) 8421: 8420:Davies (2000) 8417: 8413: 8412:Rejhon (2017) 8408: 8401: 8400:Rejhon (1984) 8397: 8392: 8385: 8384:Rejhon (1984) 8380: 8373: 8372:Rejhon (1984) 8368: 8366: 8358: 8356: 8351: 8350:Rejhon (1984) 8346: 8339: 8338:Rejhon (1984) 8335: 8334:Rejhon (2017) 8330: 8323: 8322:Rejhon (1984) 8319: 8318:Rejhon (2017) 8314: 8307: 8303: 8302:Rejhon (1984) 8299: 8295: 8291: 8290:Clancy (2012) 8286: 8279: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8260: 8259:McDonald 2007 8255: 8248: 8244: 8243:McDonald 2007 8239: 8237: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8216: 8214: 8206: 8204: 8199: 8197: 8191: 8184: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8152: 8145: 8140: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8118:pp. 103–104; 8117: 8113: 8108: 8101: 8097: 8094:pp. 103–104; 8093: 8088: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8068: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8046:p. 83 n. 11; 8045: 8041: 8037: 8032: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8008:Davies (2000) 8005: 8001: 7998:p. 83 n. 11; 7997: 7993: 7989: 7984: 7977: 7973: 7972:Davies (2000) 7969: 7968:Turvey (2002) 7965: 7961: 7958:pp. 103–104; 7957: 7952: 7945: 7940: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7920: 7913: 7912:Davies (2000) 7909: 7908:Turvey (2002) 7905: 7901: 7896: 7889: 7885: 7880: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7848: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7827:pp. 103–104; 7826: 7823:p. 80 n. 17; 7822: 7817: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7799:pp. 63, 232; 7798: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7783:pp. 102–103; 7782: 7778: 7773: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7749:Davies (2000) 7747:pp. 102–103; 7746: 7742: 7737: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7717: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7697: 7690: 7687:pp. 238–239; 7686: 7685:Davies (2000) 7682: 7678: 7674: 7669: 7662: 7657: 7650: 7647:pp. 101–107; 7646: 7642: 7637: 7630: 7625: 7618: 7615:pp. 111–112; 7614: 7609: 7602: 7597: 7590: 7585: 7579:pp. 105, 108. 7578: 7574: 7573:Murray (2005) 7569: 7562: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7545: 7540: 7533: 7529: 7524: 7517: 7513: 7508: 7501: 7496: 7489: 7486:pp. 158–159; 7485: 7480: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7454:pp. 158–159; 7453: 7448: 7441: 7438:pp. 110–112; 7437: 7433: 7432:Mackay (1896) 7429: 7425: 7424:Lelong (2002) 7420: 7413: 7408: 7401: 7396: 7389: 7385: 7384:Oliver (1860) 7381: 7380:Stubbs (1871) 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7352: 7345: 7341: 7336: 7329: 7325: 7324:Oliver (1860) 7321: 7320:Stubbs (1871) 7317: 7313: 7309: 7306:p. 83 n. 65; 7305: 7304:Barrow (1992) 7301: 7297: 7296:Sellar (2000) 7293: 7289: 7288:Murray (2005) 7285: 7282:pp. 109–113; 7281: 7277: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7232: 7225: 7222:pp. 225–228; 7221: 7218:p. 350 n. 2; 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7194:pp. 196–197; 7193: 7192:Sellar (2000) 7189: 7185: 7181: 7178:pp. 292–293; 7177: 7174:pp. 146–147; 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7148: 7141: 7138:pp. 117–118; 7137: 7133: 7128: 7121: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7102: 7098: 7093: 7086: 7082: 7079:pp. 158–159; 7078: 7073: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7041: 7034: 7030: 7025: 7018: 7013: 7006: 7001: 6994: 6992: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6976:pp. 115–116; 6975: 6971: 6966: 6959: 6954: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6936:pp. 38, 169; 6935: 6930: 6923: 6919: 6914: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6892: 6888: 6883: 6876: 6871: 6864: 6860: 6859:Sellar (2000) 6856: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6843: 6838: 6834: 6829: 6822: 6820: 6815: 6813: 6809:pp. 424–425; 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6791: 6784: 6783:McDonald 2007 6780: 6776: 6771: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6748: 6744: 6739: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6713:p. 18 n. 93; 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6675: 6670: 6664:p. 151 n. 86. 6663: 6659: 6654: 6647: 6644:pp. 456–457; 6643: 6640:pp. 85, 151; 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6614: 6612: 6604: 6600: 6595: 6588: 6583: 6576: 6571: 6564: 6559: 6552: 6548: 6547:Duncan (1996) 6544: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6524: 6519: 6512: 6508: 6503: 6496: 6492: 6487: 6480: 6478: 6474:pp. 410–427; 6473: 6469: 6465: 6464:Duffy (2004c) 6461: 6457: 6453: 6452:Wadden (2014) 6449: 6444: 6437: 6435: 6430: 6426: 6421: 6414: 6409: 6402: 6400: 6395: 6391: 6386: 6379: 6376:pp. 313–314; 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6358:Duffy (2004c) 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6338: 6331: 6327: 6322: 6315: 6312:pp. 313–314; 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6298:Duffy (2004c) 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6274: 6267: 6262: 6255: 6250: 6243: 6239: 6234: 6227: 6223: 6218: 6211: 6206: 6199: 6198:Sellar (2004) 6195: 6194:Duffy (2004b) 6190: 6183: 6182:Sellar (2004) 6178: 6176: 6168: 6167:Duffy (2004b) 6163: 6156: 6151: 6144: 6140: 6135: 6128: 6124: 6119: 6113:p. 27 tab. 1. 6112: 6107: 6100: 6095: 6088: 6083: 6076: 6071: 6064: 6063:Sellar (2000) 6060: 6055: 6048: 6044: 6043:Sellar (2000) 6039: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6023:Clancy (2007) 6020: 6019:Clancy (2012) 6015: 6008: 6003: 5996: 5991: 5984: 5979: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5955: 5948: 5945:pp. 151–152; 5944: 5939: 5932: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5880:Wadden (2014) 5877: 5872: 5865: 5860: 5853: 5851: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5826: 5821: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5769: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5734: 5730: 5725: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5702: 5697: 5690: 5685: 5678: 5673: 5671: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5638: 5631: 5626: 5619: 5614: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5583: 5582:Hudson (2004) 5579: 5578:Hudson (2005) 5574: 5567: 5562: 5555: 5550: 5548: 5540: 5539:McLeod (2002) 5535: 5533: 5525: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5449: 5442: 5437: 5435: 5427: 5426:Duffy (2004c) 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5382: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5342:Murray (2005) 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5310: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5288: 5283: 5276: 5271: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5235:Rejhon (1984) 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5215:Turvey (2002) 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5159:Rejhon (2017) 5156: 5151: 5144: 5143:Sellar (2000) 5140: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5087:Duffy (2004c) 5084: 5083:Duffy (2004b) 5080: 5079:Duffy (2004a) 5076: 5072: 5071:Murray (2005) 5068: 5064: 5059: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5035:Sellar (2000) 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5019:Hudson (2004) 5016: 5012: 5011:Duffy (2004c) 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4991:Wadden (2014) 4988: 4984: 4979: 4972: 4967: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4947:McLeod (2002) 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4923:Clancy (2007) 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4907:Clancy (2012) 4904: 4903:Wadden (2014) 4900: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4880: 4875: 4868: 4866: 4861: 4859: 4853: 4851: 4846: 4833: 4827: 4818: 4811: 4805: 4796: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4773:also renewed. 4769: 4760: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4743: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4724:Castle Rushen 4721: 4717: 4715: 4709: 4707: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4684: 4678: 4668: 4661: 4660: 4653: 4643: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4615: 4612: 4602: 4595: 4589: 4579: 4572: 4566: 4557: 4550: 4546: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4520: 4511: 4504: 4500: 4498: 4490: 4483: 4479: 4477: 4469: 4459: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4411: 4404: 4397: 4395: 4387: 4380: 4378: 4372: 4370: 4362: 4355: 4349: 4342: 4336: 4329: 4328:personal name 4325: 4323: 4317: 4313: 4311: 4305: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4288:Sleat History 4284: 4280: 4278: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4262:Sleat History 4256: 4247: 4240: 4237:" represents 4236: 4234: 4228: 4226: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4183: 4176: 4172: 4170: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3978: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3874: 3866: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3814: 3806: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3734: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3700: 3694: 3688: 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2998: 2994: 2993: 2988: 2986: 2979: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2968:Páll Bálkason 2965: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2924: 2915: 2911: 2909: 2900: 2898: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2840: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2782: 2779:depicting of 2778: 2773: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2746:Temple Church 2739: 2738:Temple Church 2734: 2725: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2684: 2681: 2678:— excerpt of 2674: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2562: 2556: 2554: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2520: 2515: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2483: 2479: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2448: 2444: 2442: 2436: 2434: 2428: 2426: 2420: 2418: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2351: 2350: 2345: 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Retrieved 15068: 15042:Oram (2004b) 15033: 15011:Oram (2004b) 15006: 14990: 14970: 14940:Bower (1899) 14927: 14915: 14902:pp. 29, 82; 14895: 14867: 14858:Flateyjarbok 14857: 14845:Storm (1977) 14836: 14820: 14779:pp. 24, 68; 14755: 14723: 14707: 14691: 14643: 14633: 14616: 14600: 14590: 14577: 14567: 14542: 14537:pp. 148–149. 14530: 14520: 14487: 14463: 14453: 14451:p. 136 § 9; 14441:Duffy (1993) 14428: 14404: 14385:Duffy (1993) 14373:Oram (2004c) 14344: 14337:Duffy (1993) 14324: 14289: 14277: 14246: 14231:Oram (2004a) 14218: 14206: 14194: 14158: 14139:Duffy (1993) 14106: 14096: 14087: 14078:Flateyjarbok 14077: 14073:Unger (1871) 14044: 14037:Cowan (1990) 14028: 14018: 14009: 13999: 13982: 13972: 13966:Flateyjarbok 13965: 13961:Unger (1871) 13937:Cowan (1990) 13917:Power (2005) 13909:Veach (2014) 13904: 13894: 13885: 13878:Duffy (1993) 13873: 13854:Duffy (1993) 13825: 13805: 13786:Duffy (1993) 13773: 13742: 13730: 13702: 13692: 13688:Skene (1890) 13675: 13663: 13651: 13639: 13627: 13622:pp. 161–162. 13611: 13591: 13576:Duffy (1993) 13548:Veach (2014) 13546:pp. 47, 67; 13539: 13527: 13515: 13498:p. 23 n. 8; 13491: 13481: 13445:Woolf (2003) 13437:Power (2005) 13392: 13382: 13376:p. 711 § 5; 13365: 13353: 13346:Power (2013) 13341: 13331: 13318: 13307:Raine (1894) 13298: 13288: 13271: 13264:Woolf (2003) 13244: 13228: 13212: 13205:Woolf (2003) 13200: 13195:p. 420 n. 6. 13189:Woolf (2003) 13184: 13164: 13159:pp. 114–115. 13145:Woolf (2003) 13128: 13116: 13111:pp. 197–198. 13100: 13088: 13076: 13064: 13048: 13041:Woolf (2003) 13032: 13025:Woolf (2003) 13020: 13010: 13001: 12989: 12977: 12961: 12945: 12929: 12917: 12901: 12881: 12857: 12841: 12821: 12766: 12750: 12734: 12722: 12708: 12695: 12675: 12652:Megaw (1976) 12648:Duffy (2002) 12639: 12629: 12620: 12611:Flateyjarbok 12610: 12604:Flateyjarbok 12603: 12595:Storm (1977) 12586: 12546: 12534: 12514: 12498: 12453:pp. 61, 66; 12446: 12434: 12422: 12415:Woolf (2007) 12406: 12399:Woolf (2007) 12380:Woolf (2007) 12367: 12355: 12343: 12315:Woolf (2007) 12310: 12303:Woolf (2007) 12298: 12288: 12281: 12274: 12264:p. 219 § 3; 12253: 12242:Woolf (2003) 12238:Woolf (2004) 12230:Woolf (2007) 12205: 12198:Woolf (2007) 12181: 12174:Woolf (2007) 12161: 12142:Woolf (2003) 12130:Woolf (2007) 12108:pp. 60, 66; 12101: 12096:pp. 116–117. 12081: 12069: 12053: 12041: 12036:pp. 189–192. 12014: 11998: 11971:Woolf (2003) 11951:Woolf (2007) 11926: 11916: 11914:p. 74 § 44; 11903: 11893: 11872: 11852: 11840: 11828: 11812: 11796: 11784: 11777:Johnsen 1969 11768: 11756: 11746: 11739: 11723:Duffy (1993) 11707:Duffy (2007) 11688:Duffy (2007) 11683: 11676:Duffy (2007) 11671: 11664:Duffy (1993) 11657: 11653:Duffy (2007) 11646: 11639: 11632: 11627: 11617: 11605:Duffy (1993) 11601:Duffy (2002) 11593:Duffy (2007) 11588: 11577:Duffy (1993) 11572: 11561:Power (2005) 11556: 11544: 11537:Johnsen 1969 11528: 11521:Helle (2003) 11512: 11507:pp. 146–147. 11500: 11488: 11483:pp. 211–212. 11473:Power (2005) 11456: 11446: 11439: 11402: 11392: 11385: 11349:Power (2005) 11324: 11312: 11307:pt. 1 p. 79. 11294: 11281: 11270:Duffy (1993) 11265: 11255: 11236: 11224:Duffy (1993) 11216:Duffy (2002) 11211: 11206:pt. 1 p. 79. 11193: 11176: 11166: 11151: 11147:Duffy (1993) 11138: 11133:pp. 103–104. 11131:Duffy (1993) 11124: 11117: 11112: 11102: 11087: 11070: 11050:pp. 146–147. 11043: 11036:Duffy (1993) 11020:Oram (2004c) 11007: 11000:Duffy (1993) 10984:Duffy (2007) 10979: 10970:Annala Uladh 10969: 10958: 10952:Annala Uladh 10951: 10944: 10937: 10930: 10925: 10918:Hardy (1835) 10902:Duffy (1993) 10881: 10857: 10838:Veach (2014) 10829: 10817: 10797: 10773:pp. 60, 62; 10771:Duffy (1993) 10766: 10750: 10738: 10731:Duffy (2002) 10725:pp. 53, 75; 10714: 10704: 10700:Hardy (1837) 10684:Power (1986) 10680:Duffy (1993) 10672:Duffy (2002) 10664:Power (2005) 10658:pp. 53, 75; 10636:Veach (2018) 10631: 10624:Duffy (1993) 10619: 10614:pp. 138–139. 10607: 10587: 10580:Hardy (1835) 10564:Duffy (1993) 10560:Duffy (2002) 10539: 10529: 10512: 10492: 10467: 10460: 10452:Hardy (1837) 10446:p. 289 § 7; 10436:Duffy (1993) 10411:pp. 137–143. 10400: 10395:pp. 168–170. 10388: 10364: 10352: 10340: 10328: 10316: 10311:pp. 134–135. 10292: 10281:Power (2005) 10268: 10256: 10249:Power (2005) 10234:Power (2005) 10217: 10169: 10159: 10155:Lewis (1987) 10150: 10145:pp. 194–195. 10140: 10083: 10078:pp. 192–195. 10073: 10063:p. 143 § 4; 10058: 10046:Power (2005) 10021: 10012:Flateyjarbok 10011: 9999:Storm (1977) 9997:p. 143 § 4; 9992: 9984:Power (2005) 9971: 9966:pp. 133–137. 9959: 9954:pp. 228–229. 9936:Power (2005) 9923: 9912:Power (2005) 9903: 9898:pp. 135–136. 9891: 9884:Lewis (1987) 9879: 9869: 9850: 9842:Duffy (1993) 9837: 9826:Duffy (1993) 9821: 9810:Veach (2014) 9805: 9762: 9750: 9745:pt. 1 p. 52. 9733:pp. 73, 75; 9731:Duffy (1993) 9710: 9694: 9689:p. 383 n. 4. 9676: 9665: 9660: 9644: 9639:pp. 113–114. 9620: 9610: 9606:Lewis (1987) 9601: 9594:Duffy (1993) 9561: 9556:pp. 132–132. 9545: 9540:p. 19 n. 94. 9529: 9485: 9478:Veach (2014) 9473: 9462:Veach (2014) 9453: 9422: 9412: 9399: 9389: 9372: 9367:§ "librate". 9362: 9357: 9342:Duffy (1993) 9310: 9300: 9288:Duffy (1993) 9275: 9265: 9257:Hardy (1835) 9245:Duffy (1993) 9233:Veach (2014) 9228: 9218: 9210:Hardy (1835) 9202:Duffy (1993) 9177: 9165: 9145: 9129: 9118:Duffy (1993) 9114:Duffy (2005) 9101: 9086:Duffy (1993) 9075: 9056: 9051: 9046:pp. 117–118. 9044:Veach (2014) 9039: 9027: 9008:Duffy (1993) 8963: 8952:Duffy (1993) 8936:Duffy (2005) 8916:Veach (2014) 8911: 8904:Duffy (2005) 8883: 8871: 8864:Duffy (2002) 8855: 8848:Duffy (1991) 8844:Duffy (1993) 8840:Duffy (1995) 8827: 8807: 8796:Duffy (2005) 8783: 8768:Duffy (2005) 8751: 8735: 8728:Duffy (1992) 8715: 8708:Duffy (2002) 8695: 8688:Duffy (2002) 8676:Byrne (2016) 8671: 8659: 8649: 8645:Skene (1890) 8632: 8622: 8607: 8582: 8550: 8545:pp. 117–120. 8538: 8526: 8514: 8502: 8490: 8474: 8462: 8452: 8431: 8407: 8391: 8379: 8354: 8345: 8329: 8313: 8285: 8275: 8271:Lewis (1987) 8266: 8254: 8247:Meyrick 1846 8202: 8195: 8190: 8164:Bliss (1893) 8160:Carr (2004b) 8151: 8139: 8132:Lloyd (1912) 8128:Pryce (1993) 8124:Carr (2004b) 8107: 8100:Pryce (1993) 8087: 8080:Pryce (1993) 8076:Pryce (2005) 8067: 8060:Migne (1891) 8056:Bliss (1893) 8052:Lloyd (1912) 8048:Pryce (1993) 8040:Pryce (2005) 8031: 8024:Migne (1891) 8020:Bliss (1893) 8016:Lloyd (1912) 8004:Pryce (1993) 8000:Carr (2004b) 7992:Pryce (2005) 7983: 7976:Pryce (1993) 7964:Carr (2004b) 7951: 7939: 7932:Pryce (1993) 7928:Pryce (2005) 7919: 7904:Carr (2004a) 7895: 7879: 7872:Migne (1890) 7868:Bliss (1893) 7864:Lloyd (1912) 7860:Pryce (1993) 7837:Duffy (1993) 7833:Carr (2004b) 7829:Carr (2004a) 7816: 7797:Duffy (1993) 7785:Carr (2004a) 7779:pp. 55, 72; 7772: 7767:pp. 238–239. 7757:Lloyd (1912) 7751:p. 10 n. 5; 7736: 7725:Lloyd (1912) 7716: 7705:Carr (2004a) 7696: 7681:Pryce (2004) 7677:Carr (2004a) 7668: 7663:pp. 101–102. 7656: 7636: 7631:pp. 111–112. 7624: 7619:pp. 289–292. 7608: 7603:pp. 174–186. 7596: 7584: 7568: 7539: 7523: 7507: 7495: 7490:p. 41 n. 61. 7479: 7468:Cowan (1982) 7447: 7419: 7407: 7395: 7388:Riley (1853) 7351: 7335: 7328:Riley (1853) 7267: 7251: 7231: 7208:Cowan (1982) 7200:Duffy (1993) 7147: 7127: 7117: 7108: 7092: 7072: 7040: 7024: 7017:Scott (2004) 7012: 7007:pp. 78, 114. 7000: 6990: 6986:Skene (1890) 6965: 6953: 6938:Raven (2005) 6929: 6918:Raven (2005) 6913: 6906:Raven (2005) 6891:Woolf (2007) 6882: 6877:pp. 168–169. 6870: 6853:Annala Uladh 6852: 6842:Annala Uladh 6841: 6828: 6818: 6811: 6807:Skene (1890) 6790: 6770: 6763:Scott (2004) 6754: 6738: 6723:Duffy (1993) 6669: 6660:p. 44 n. 8; 6653: 6630:Power (2005) 6628:pp. 44, 77; 6594: 6582: 6577:pp. 197–198. 6570: 6558: 6530: 6518: 6502: 6486: 6476: 6472:Skene (1890) 6443: 6433: 6431:p. 136 § 9; 6420: 6408: 6398: 6385: 6337: 6321: 6273: 6261: 6249: 6233: 6217: 6205: 6189: 6162: 6150: 6134: 6118: 6106: 6094: 6082: 6070: 6054: 6038: 6014: 6009:pp. 39, 117. 6002: 5990: 5978: 5963:Woolf (2008) 5954: 5938: 5928: 5919: 5914:p. 25 n. 74. 5908:Duffy (1993) 5890:pp. 45, 56; 5871: 5859: 5849: 5847:p. 74 § 44; 5832: 5820: 5804: 5789:Duffy (2007) 5768: 5745:Veach (2014) 5740: 5724: 5708: 5696: 5684: 5649: 5637: 5625: 5613: 5606:Duffy (1993) 5598:Woolf (2004) 5594:Veach (2014) 5589: 5573: 5561: 5554:Duffy (2007) 5524:Coira (2008) 5519: 5448: 5422:Duffy (2005) 5410:Duffy (2007) 5406:Woolf (2008) 5381: 5374:Cowan (1982) 5362:Woolf (2003) 5309: 5282: 5270: 5254: 5243:Cowan (1982) 5231:Power (1986) 5211:Duffy (2002) 5199:Power (2005) 5150: 5126: 5107:Oram (2004c) 5103:Oram (2004a) 5099:Scott (2004) 5058: 5047:Duffy (1993) 5031:Duffy (2002) 5023:Woolf (2004) 4987:Simms (2018) 4978: 4966: 4927:Duffy (2007) 4915:Coira (2008) 4895:Byrne (2016) 4886: 4874: 4864: 4857: 4834:(died 1135). 4826: 4817: 4804: 4795: 4778: 4768: 4759: 4751: 4739: 4711: 4703: 4690: 4677: 4667: 4657: 4652: 4642: 4621: 4607: 4601: 4588: 4578: 4565: 4556: 4540: 4532: 4524: 4519: 4510: 4494: 4489: 4473: 4468: 4458: 4435:Aran Islands 4417: 4408: 4403: 4391: 4386: 4374: 4366: 4361: 4348: 4335: 4319: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4287: 4282: 4274: 4271:Ardnamurchan 4260: 4255: 4246: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4209: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4166: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3472: 3466: 3463:St Valentine 3456: 3435: 3427: 3420: 3416:Meic Uilleim 3404: 3362: 3353: 3339:Tynwald Hill 3317: 3307: 3301: 3287: 3285: 3278:Olafr suárti 3275: 3269: 3255: 3243: 3209: 3190: 3186:their bishop 3174: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3079: 3071: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2989:". Although 2982: 2960: 2955: 2935: 2933: 2912: 2904: 2894: 2890: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2816: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2786: 2760:to England, 2758:papal legate 2743: 2722: 2713: 2710: 2686: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2658: 2606: 2591: 2586:County Louth 2558: 2550: 2540: 2524: 2502:the lordship 2494: 2485: 2482:Guðrøðr Dond 2477: 2475: 2450: 2438: 2430: 2422: 2414: 2400: 2390: 2355: 2347: 2328:knight's fee 2316: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2290: 2288: 2279:Coat of arms 2251: 2249: 2245: 2225: 2194: 2170: 2158: 2154: 2151:Hugh de Lacy 2148: 2135:curtain wall 2101: 2082: 2053: 2048: 2045:Irish annals 2042: 2035: 2032: 2013: 1984: 1980: 1974: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1919: 1911: 1904:Coat of arms 1875: 1865: 1859: 1837: 1830:haf y gỽydyl 1827: 1808: 1802: 1792: 1786: 1764: 1724: 1691: 1679: 1671: 1663: 1657: 1648:stone circle 1632: 1626: 1604: 1594: 1589:Norse-Gaelic 1580: 1574: 1569:The name of 1552: 1546: 1511: 1509: 1495: 1487: 1461: 1440: 1436: 1434: 1386: 1375: 1359: 1354:of the Isles 1351:Guðrøðr Dond 1343: 1201: 1184: 1178:of the Isles 1169:of the Isles 1165: 1005:of the Isles 983:of the Isles 839: 826:of the Isles 807: 790:Gilla Brigte 639: 622: 463: 448: 441: 438: 431: 422: 416: 381: 323: 300: 298: 288: 282: 269:and buried. 244: 208: 181: 160: 159: 131:Guðrøðr Dond 49: 43: 25: 23213:1229 deaths 23119:Vestrajǫrðr 23094:Isle of Man 22770:Archaeology 22670:Olvir Rosta 22150:9th century 21800:Britnell, R 21205:Sellar, WDH 21183:Sellar, WDH 21167:Sellar, WDH 20384:(82): 9–10. 19940:MacInnes, J 19674:Johnsen, AO 19636:: 357–360. 19498:Insley, J; 19408:(2): 1–23. 19106:: 192–220. 19064:Duncan, AAM 17858:(1): 1–23. 17654:22 February 17530:25 February 17484:: 419–434. 17414:Barrow, GWS 16969:Shirley, WW 16490:Meyrick, SR 16344:. Denbigh: 16332:Williams, E 15038:Oram (2011) 15026:Oram (2011) 14997:pp. 61–62; 14979:Oram (2011) 14959:Oram (2011) 14805:Oram (1988) 14797:Oram (2000) 14785:Oram (2011) 14781:Oram (2013) 14732:Oram (2013) 14716:Oram (2011) 14712:Oram (2013) 14700:Oram (2000) 14676:Oram (2000) 14664:Oram (2011) 14660:Oram (2013) 14650:pp. 67–68; 14559:Beck (1844) 14508:Bain (1881) 14492:Oram (2013) 14468:Oram (2013) 14445:Oram (1988) 14437:Oram (2000) 14409:Oram (2013) 14389:Oram (1988) 14377:Oram (2000) 14357:Oram (2011) 14353:Oram (2013) 14251:Oram (2000) 14235:Oram (2000) 14227:Oram (2011) 14223:Oram (2013) 14211:Oram (2000) 14199:Oram (2000) 14179:Oram (2000) 14163:Oram (2013) 14143:Oram (1988) 14135:Oram (2000) 14119:Oram (2011) 14115:Oram (2013) 14061:Kjær (1910) 14035:pp. 88–89; 13995:Gade (1994) 13949:Kjær (1910) 13933:Gade (1994) 13927:pp. 88–89; 13858:Oram (1988) 13846:Oram (2000) 13838:Oram (2011) 13834:Oram (2013) 13832:pp. 47–48; 13814:Bain (1881) 13810:Oram (1988) 13794:Bain (1881) 13790:Oram (1988) 13782:Oram (2000) 13778:Oram (2013) 13753:pp. 83, 94. 13723:Oram (2000) 13707:Oram (2011) 13572:Oram (2000) 13556:Oram (2011) 13552:Oram (2013) 13532:Oram (2000) 13477:Beck (1844) 13461:Lowe (1988) 13457:Watt (1994) 13413:Oram (2011) 13380:pp. 17–18; 13284:Beck (1844) 13235:pp. 72–73; 13177:Watt (1994) 13171:pp. 31–33; 13153:Watt (1994) 13139:pp. 31–33; 13135:pp. 92–93; 12970:Oram (2000) 12956:pp. 92, 94. 12922:Oram (2000) 12910:Oram (2000) 12906:Oram (2013) 12892:pp. 54–55; 12888:pp. 58–60; 12808:pp. 58–59; 12741:pp. 72–73; 12654:pp. 16–17; 12571:Gade (1994) 12567:Oram (2000) 12561:pp. 79–80; 12551:Oram (2013) 12527:Oram (2000) 12523:Oram (2011) 12519:Oram (2013) 12479:Oram (2000) 12463:Oram (2013) 12427:Oram (2013) 12411:Oram (2013) 12395:Oram (2013) 12372:Oram (2013) 12336:Oram (2013) 12270:Paul (1882) 12246:Oram (2000) 12222:Oram (2011) 12218:Oram (2013) 12212:pp. 60–61; 12190:Oram (2013) 12168:pp. 60–61; 12118:Oram (2013) 12090:Oram (2013) 12088:pp. 60–61; 11975:Oram (2000) 11965:pp. 76–78; 11943:Oram (2013) 11883:pp. 32–33; 11879:pp. 82–83; 11727:Bain (1881) 11715:Oram (2000) 11703:Oram (2013) 11615:pp. 58–59; 11437:pp. 64–66; 11421:pp. 25–26; 11379:pp. 53–57; 11363:pp. 25–26; 11353:Watt (2000) 11303:pp. 45–46; 11220:Oram (2000) 11202:pp. 43–44; 11185:Oram (2000) 11158:Bain (1881) 11143:Hudson 2004 11096:pp. 40–41; 11081:pp. 24–25; 11034:pp. 87–88; 11028:Oram (2000) 11012:Oram (2011) 10996:Oram (2000) 10896:pp. 26–27; 10698:pp. 35–36; 10558:pp. 26–27; 10550:pp. 74–75; 10505:Cole (1844) 10450:pp. 31–32; 10393:Oram (2011) 10369:Oram (2011) 10263:pp. 13, 39. 10206:Oram (2000) 10176:pp. 72–73; 10124:Oram (2000) 10100:Oram (2011) 10090:pp. 72–73; 10054:Oram (2000) 9988:Oram (2000) 9942:pp. 20–22; 9930:pp. 70–71; 9739:Bain (1881) 9729:pp. 13–14; 9723:Oram (2000) 9717:pp. 11–12; 9596:pp. 73, 75. 9590:Oram (2000) 9566:Oram (2011) 9534:Oram (2011) 9510:Oram (2000) 9490:Oram (2011) 9446:Oram (2011) 9346:Bain (1881) 9249:Bain (1881) 9194:Oram (2000) 9170:Oram (2011) 9158:Oram (2000) 9088:pp. 63–64; 9018:pp. 80–83; 9000:Oram (2000) 8976:Oram (2011) 8954:pp. 63–64; 8944:Oram (2000) 8920:Oram (2011) 8846:pp. 58–59; 8842:pp. 25–26; 8776:Oram (2000) 8616:pp. 40–41; 8601:pp. 24–25; 8591:Oram (2000) 8300:pp. 48–57; 8294:Boyd (2011) 8292:pp. 22–23; 8226:pp. 37–38; 8130:pp. 84–85; 8050:pp. 84–85; 8006:pp. 84–85; 7974:pp. 10–11; 7970:pp. 86–87; 7862:pp. 84–85; 7805:Carr (1982) 7753:Carr (1982) 7743:pp. 54–55; 7721:Carr (1982) 7709:Carr (1982) 7689:Carr (1982) 7649:Carr (1982) 7577:Oram (2000) 7532:Oram (2000) 7386:pp. 40–41; 7358:pp. 66–67; 7214:pp. 77–78; 7077:Oram (2011) 7049:Oram (2011) 6972:pp. 57–58; 6924:pp. 12, 17. 6887:Oram (2013) 6875:Oram (2011) 6833:Oram (2011) 6747:Oram (2011) 6743:Oram (2013) 6715:Oram (2000) 6699:Oram (2013) 6634:Oram (2000) 6551:Oram (1988) 6539:Oram (2011) 6509:pp. 78–79; 6462:pp. 72–73; 6427:pp. 72–73; 6362:Oram (2000) 6356:pp. 70–71; 6346:Oram (2011) 6326:Oram (2011) 6306:Oram (2000) 6286:Oram (2011) 6025:pp. 66–67; 5969:pp. 37–38; 5839:pp. 39–40; 5809:Oram (2013) 5781:Oram (2013) 5677:Oram (2011) 5662:Oram (2000) 5398:Oram (2013) 5366:Oram (2000) 5330:Oram (2011) 5175:Boyd (2011) 4423:Scandinavia 4341:consummated 4193:dán díreach 3846:(died 1135) 3758:(died 1161) 3695:(died 1187) 3586:(died 1153) 3531:(died 1095) 3459:14 February 3329:feudal laws 3271:Eirspennill 3044:Maughold IV 2594:Carlingford 2578:Carlingford 2437:" (styled " 2421:" (styled " 2407:Birkibeinar 2376:chronicler 2116:Downpatrick 2112:County Down 1926:Charlemagne 1694:jarlsaetten 1682:jarlsaetten 1674:jarlsaetten 1666:jarlsaetten 1576:Eirspennill 1151:of Galloway 966:of Galloway 802:of Galloway 650:of Galloway 363:Map of the 349:praise-poem 263:Gallovidian 259:Gallovidian 77:Predecessor 23202:Categories 23172:MacDougall 23167:Mac Coitir 23069:Brunanburh 22964:Lunnasting 22094:1187–1226 21840:10023/7088 21630:required.) 21618:22 January 21474:required.) 21296:required.) 21242:required.) 21161:required.) 20864:required.) 20600:required.) 20560:required.) 20520:required.) 20458:10023/2638 20321:required.) 19724:10023/2950 19613:1842/15749 19516:De Gruyter 19321:required.) 19210:required.) 19198:22 January 19044:. Dublin: 19016:required.) 18976:required.) 18936:required.) 18882:. Stroud: 18778:. London: 18766:2262/77137 18722:: 93–133. 18705:2017034607 18602:Davies, RR 18437:10023/2723 18409:: 97–158. 18309:required.) 18217:: 137–168. 18204:: 137–168. 18133:Clancy, TO 18092:required.) 18052:required.) 17913:. Oxford: 17702:: 417–458. 17420:. London: 17187:. London: 17155:Theiner, A 17111:10802/5009 16915:9 December 16893:H. G. Bohn 16855:. Oxford. 16729:. London: 16719:: 283–301. 16541:Migne, J-P 16518:1946/22667 16362:Jónsson, F 16346:Thomas Gee 15954:14 October 15920:14 October 15852:14 October 15818:14 October 15784:14 October 15750:14 October 15716:14 October 15682:14 October 15586:Dimock, JF 15572:Dasent, GW 15484:. London: 15453:Clancy, TO 15316:10 October 15109:David Nutt 15107:. 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Affraic 3247:Ronaldsway 3211:rights of 3060:Black Swan 2740:of London. 2543:seneschals 2532:Porchester 2206:Michaelmas 2202:Pipe Rolls 2077:great hall 1997:Ceredigion 1993:Cistercian 1958:Cân Rolant 1935:Cân Rolant 1894:Lewys Dwnn 1715:Ronaldsway 1498:Maelbheirn 1473:pilgrimage 1451:island of 1381:of Kintyre 1370:of Gwynedd 1207:of Kintyre 1142:of England 957:of Carrick 948:of England 793:of Carrick 784:of England 499:of England 328:chronicles 23187:MacDonald 23157:Somhairle 23031:Etymology 23012:Old Norse 22974:Sandsting 22914:Ounceland 22807:Earl's Bu 22797:Camas Uig 22716:Dál Riata 22655:Ingimundr 22311:Ingimundr 22194:Gebeachan 22012:0020-157X 22004:1745-5219 21911:Saga-Book 21895:1569-1462 21868:1569-1462 21822:0269-6967 21787:0013-8266 21779:1477-4534 21743:0043-2431 21735:0083-792X 21683:0020-157X 21675:1745-5219 21649:Watt, DER 21530:0038-7134 21522:2040-8072 21437:0036-9241 21429:1750-0222 21408:2516-8568 21387:0261-9865 21360:0305-506X 21354:: 22–40. 21095:1893/2174 21058:0043-2431 21040:0083-792X 21013:0332-1592 21005:2034-6506 20852:1 October 20772:0305-9219 20759:Saga-Book 20734:0036-9241 20726:1750-0222 20686:1353-0089 20409:1569-1462 20369:0261-9865 20342:0036-9411 20292:1353-0089 20286:: 25–48. 20238:204624404 20203:0583-9106 19944:Newton, M 19926:cite book 19902:ignored ( 19892:cite book 19884:1569-1462 19842:0076-6097 19834:1745-817X 19799:Lloyd, JE 19780:223924724 19772:0081-1564 19764:2056-743X 19750:: 50–62. 19698:0036-9241 19690:1750-0222 19666:236768576 19658:0081-1564 19650:2056-743X 19568:159643490 19560:0078-172X 19552:1745-8706 19505:"Tynwald" 19500:Wilson, D 19422:0095-1390 19346:25159796M 19235:0261-9865 19146:Hudson, B 19136:189977430 19128:0081-1564 19120:2056-743X 19066:(1996) . 18871:1393-0966 18843:163328151 18827:0021-1214 18819:2056-4139 18736:0332-0758 18728:2009-0056 18670:1096-746X 18639:0363-6941 18483:24831804M 18469:Cubbon, W 18451:Routledge 18415:1540-4889 18390:1569-1462 18223:Cowan, EJ 18125:0954-9927 18001:154568763 17993:0076-6097 17985:1745-817X 17880:0036-9241 17872:1750-0222 17837:1478-1409 17683:1569-1462 17633:1569-1462 17571:0013-8266 17563:1477-4534 17506:0332-1592 17498:2034-6506 17358:24776516M 17325:16401290M 17288:23385970M 17264:Unger, CR 17235:22125679M 17205:Thorpe, L 17197:24871133M 17130:Stubbs, W 17071:13999983M 17012:Skene, WF 16998:cite book 16961:23299419M 16947:Holmes, G 16883:Riley, HT 16869:cite book 16861:19845420M 16847:Evans, JG 16821:23329160M 16707:Ó Cuív, B 16654:23320556M 16610:Munch, PA 16596:cite book 16588:24783481M 16563:cite book 16555:24757297M 16527:Michel, F 16482:23303390M 16395:25104944M 16376:18620939M 16336:Pughe, WO 16239:24871678M 16220:19171147M 16191:Hardy, TD 16162:23388689M 16144:24871409M 15429:14 August 15403:cite book 15348:Bliss, WH 13895:AM 47 Fol 13502:pp. 7–8; 13475:pp. 1–3; 12630:AM 47 Fol 10974:§ 1212.4. 8402:p. 74–75. 8386:p. 71–74. 7118:AM 47 Fol 4841:Citations 4706:Rǫgnvaldr 4535:Rǫgnvaldr 4377:Ragnhildr 4277:Murcardus 4202:Old Norse 4051:patronyms 4047:Røgnvaldr 4043:Rǫgnvaldr 4035:Rögnvaldr 3343:St John's 3145:Trondheim 3104:Cristinus 2972:castrated 2756:, by the 2065:Mannequin 1971:Old Norse 1892:and poet 1597:Caithness 1195:de Courcy 1166:Rǫgnvaldr 1160:of Atholl 1139:Henry III 996:Ragnhildr 468:concubine 223:vassalage 192:Caithness 87:Successor 72:1187–1226 23182:Macruari 23152:Uí Ímair 23089:Epiphany 23074:Clontarf 23048:Hebrides 22994:Language 22979:Tingwall 22954:Dingwall 22941:Althings 22931:Udal law 22892:Hogbacks 22827:Maeshowe 22812:Jarlshof 22756:Scotland 22741:Shetland 22726:Lochlann 22660:Ljótólfr 22543:Uí Ímair 22352:Somerled 21923:Woolf, A 21643:: 11–44. 21538:27866810 21501:Speculum 21445:25529533 21207:(2004). 20920:cite web 20822:1722434M 20766:: 5–66. 20742:25530199 20680:: 1–30. 20336:: 1–44. 20257:: 1–19. 19801:(1912). 19735:(1916). 19706:25528786 19502:(2006). 19377:Helle, K 18835:30008726 18744:30007421 18647:27709129 18604:(2000). 18526:ABC-CLIO 18518:Koch, JT 18471:(1952). 18403:E-Keltoi 18225:(1982). 17890:(2004). 17888:Brown, M 17588:Imsen, S 17579:40270527 17525:H-Albion 17467:5075903M 17416:(1992). 17398:. 1982. 17191:. 1908. 17098:Storm, G 17090:7196137M 17014:(1890). 16939:Rymer, T 16925:cite web 16829:Raine, J 16807:Paul, JB 16793:cite web 16783:22 March 16759:cite web 16749:21 March 16693:cite web 16683:22 March 16449:3163004M 16418:7217114M 16354:6930827M 16328:Jones, O 16314:cite web 16304:22 March 16100:cite web 16066:cite web 16032:cite web 15998:cite web 15964:cite web 15930:cite web 15896:cite web 15862:cite web 15828:cite web 15794:cite web 15760:cite web 15726:cite web 15692:cite web 15658:cite web 15624:cite web 15614:18 March 15558:cite web 15548:18 March 15524:cite web 15494:7026903M 15439:cite web 15366:6236391M 15326:Beck, TA 15263:26 April 15243:26 April 15223:26 April 15203:26 April 15183:26 April 15163:26 April 15117:7115802M 15085:cite web 14906:p. 466; 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12828:p. 337; 12804:p. 151; 12608:p. 526; 12597:p. 126; 12573:p. 199; 12569:p. 125; 12557:p. 155; 12525:p. 189; 12505:p. 153; 12489:p. 458; 12481:p. 125; 12457:p. 339; 12378:p. 117; 12260:p. 117; 12244:p. 178; 12240:p. 107; 12224:p. 189; 12152:p. 457; 12144:p. 178; 12112:p. 339; 11977:p. 125; 11973:p. 178; 11910:p. 203; 11863:p. 200; 11859:p. 343; 11775:p. 149; 11725:p. 105; 11607:p. 104; 11579:p. 104; 11519:p. 146; 11471:p. 144; 11417:p. 212; 11409:p. 342; 11359:p. 212; 11335:p. 342; 11299:p. 205; 11241:p. 205; 11183:p. 142; 11156:p. 150; 11149:p. 104; 11092:p. 133; 11077:p. 142; 11030:p. 117; 11014:p. 171; 10998:p. 117; 10904:p. 104; 10892:p. 138; 10888:p. 145; 10872:p. 225; 10868:p. 164; 10864:p. 336; 10757:p. 146; 10729:p. 139; 10721:p. 146; 10702:p. 186; 10686:p. 130; 10642:p. 341; 10638:p. 173; 10594:p. 145; 10499:p. 137; 10454:p. 191; 10434:p. 137; 10430:p. 144; 10379:p. 144; 10303:p. 106; 10299:p. 125; 10275:p. 143; 10208:p. 115; 10200:p. 134; 10196:p. 143; 10188:p. 125; 10184:p. 163; 10157:p. 456; 10126:p. 115; 10114:p. 134; 10102:p. 169; 10098:p. 125; 10094:p. 163; 10056:p. 115; 10044:p. 133; 10036:p. 163; 10001:p. 123; 9990:p. 115; 9982:p. 133; 9978:p. 163; 9950:p. 245; 9934:p. 135; 9910:p. 135; 9855:p. 205; 9812:p. 121; 9773:p. 132; 9725:p. 116; 9721:p. 133; 9674:p. 133; 9651:p. 133; 9635:p. 387; 9627:p. 132; 9608:p. 448; 9592:p. 116; 9576:p. 132; 9572:p. 142; 9568:p. 169; 9552:p. 142; 9536:p. 168; 9512:p. 116; 9496:p. 141; 9492:p. 170; 9429:p. 131; 9406:p. 131; 9383:p. 131; 9340:p. 131; 9336:p. 140; 9294:p. 206; 9286:p. 131; 9282:p. 140; 9243:p. 131; 9239:p. 140; 9235:p. 118; 9196:p. 124; 9192:p. 131; 9184:p. 140; 9152:p. 140; 9136:p. 139; 9112:p. 129; 9108:p. 139; 9065:p. 139; 9002:p. 124; 8998:p. 190; 8990:p. 128; 8982:p. 139; 8978:p. 168; 8974:p. 157; 8946:p. 124; 8942:p. 190; 8926:p. 139; 8922:p. 168; 8894:p. 139; 8890:p. 245; 8862:p. 127; 8838:p. 127; 8766:p. 125; 8762:p. 136; 8742:p. 136; 8682:p. 131; 8678:p. 162; 8612:p. 133; 8573:p. 225; 8561:p. 137; 8557:p. 157; 8450:p. 239; 8442:p. 131; 8438:p. 342; 8422:p. 105; 8273:p. 455; 8074:p. 103; 8038:p. 103; 8010:p. 194; 7990:p. 103; 7926:p. 103; 7902:p. 103; 7858:p. 103; 7795:p. 103; 7763:p. 337; 7703:p. 102; 7675:p. 102; 7462:p. 147; 7458:p. 111; 7434:p. 519; 7430:p. 152; 7378:p. 317; 7374:p. 118; 7370:p. 292; 7362:p. 157; 7318:p. 318; 7302:p. 150; 7298:p. 197; 7286:p. 147; 7242:p. 226; 7206:p. 118; 7190:p. 264; 7170:p. 108; 7158:p. 157; 7063:p. 221; 7051:p. 141; 6984:p. 296; 6980:p. 241; 6944:p. 314; 6861:p. 195; 6835:p. 168; 6805:p. 296; 6801:p. 241; 6797:p. 120; 6729:p. 457; 6717:p. 125; 6697:p. 167; 6636:p. 125; 6624:p. 128; 6620:p. 167; 6601:p. 155; 6458:p. 134; 6396:p. 239; 6372:p. 260; 6328:p. 156; 6308:p. 105; 6061:p. 134; 6045:p. 193; 5961:p. 128; 5898:p. 147; 5878:p. 336; 4810:Uí Ímair 4786:p. 174; 4672:dynasty. 4549:patronym 4543:Gudroder 4447:Uí Néill 4369:Rhanullt 4292:Garmoran 4229:". The " 4039:Rǫgnvald 4031:Rognvald 4027:Rögnvald 4023:Rhanallt 4019:Reinallt 4011:Reginald 4003:Ragnvald 3991:Raghnall 3987:Rachnald 3496:Ancestry 3357:bailiffs 3324:teenager 3232:Ruinous 3141:Niðaróss 3117:imperium 3064:The Swan 2651:Seal of 2630:Flanders 2626:Boulogne 2598:Drogheda 2547:bailiffs 2433:Gudroder 2429:") and " 2417:Ragnwald 2409:and the 2297:en route 2259:and the 2016:Lochlann 1962:colophon 1868:Gothrych 1799:Anglesey 1779:Anglesey 1633:Chronica 1619:Ruinous 1609:stewards 1599:over to 1490:). This 1002:Somairle 954:Donnchad 781:Henry II 408:kingship 392:Hebrides 307:Hebrides 23177:MacLeod 23109:Skyhill 23104:Renfrew 23017:Pictish 22984:Tynwald 22969:Nesting 22949:Delting 22868:Birlinn 22777:Bornish 22704:History 22157:Gofraid 22141:of the 21917:: 1–18. 20989:Peritia 20910:7 March 19946:(ed.). 19521:7 March 19430:4053044 19148:(ed.). 18865:: 5–7. 18520:(ed.). 18342:14 June 18101:(ed.). 17744:Birlinn 17590:(ed.). 17477:Peritia 16843:Rhŷs, J 16733:. 1901. 16614:Goss, A 16090:17 June 16056:17 June 16022:17 June 15514:24 June 15387:. n.d. 14934:p. 82; 14922:p. 201. 14874:p. 68; 14862:p. 527. 14843:p. 29; 14827:p. 82; 14795:p. 78; 14783:ch. 4; 14742:p. 86; 14730:p. 47; 14718:p. 190. 14702:p. 127. 14670:p. 63; 14658:p. 38; 14611:p. 148. 14557:p. 42; 14514:p. 69; 14470:ch. 4; 14383:p. 95; 14367:p. 78; 14351:p. 38; 14339:p. 106. 14335:p. 81; 14331:p. 67; 14311:p. 68; 14201:p. 126. 14185:p. 96; 14177:p. 78; 14133:p. 78; 14039:p. 114. 13989:p. 89; 13919:p. 44; 13880:p. 105. 13852:p. 86; 13768:p. 155. 13725:p. 126. 13721:p. 78; 13670:p. 127. 13658:p. 198. 13606:p. 162. 13570:p. 78; 13562:p. 63; 13534:p. 148. 13522:p. 191. 13443:p. 86; 13439:p. 25; 13411:p. 85; 13399:p. 56; 13360:p. 156. 13266:p. 178. 13207:p. 177. 13179:p. 118. 13123:p. 152. 13043:p. 174. 12972:p. 105. 12968:p. 94; 12952:p. 74; 12924:p. 125. 12912:p. 125. 12876:p. 338. 12868:p. 57; 12864:p. 62; 12848:p. 66; 12773:p. 59; 12761:p. 155. 12757:p. 67; 12702:p. 73; 12682:p. 73; 12615:p. 526. 12593:p. 80; 12541:p. 153. 12529:p. 125. 12485:p. 85; 12477:p. 78; 12461:p. 36; 12413:ch. 4; 12397:ch. 4; 12374:ch. 4; 12248:p. 125. 12232:p. 81; 12220:ch. 4; 12216:p. 36; 12192:ch. 4; 12188:p. 36; 12148:p. 85; 12132:p. 81; 12116:p. 36; 12076:p. 163. 12021:p. 190. 12009:p. 152. 12005:p. 36; 11985:p. 85; 11953:p. 81; 11945:ch. 4; 11941:p. 36; 11819:p. 31; 11791:p. 149. 11705:ch. 4; 11666:p. 103. 11642:(2013a) 11635:(2013b) 11603:p. 49; 11595:p. 13; 11563:p. 40; 11523:p. 385. 11475:p. 40; 11351:p. 40; 11343:p. 73; 11319:p. 143. 11249:p. 47; 11230:p. 25; 11222:p. 88; 11218:p. 54; 11187:p. 88; 11145:p. 62; 11065:p. 142. 10994:p. 27; 10986:p. 10; 10940:(2013a) 10933:(2013b) 10920:p. 108. 10916:p. 37; 10908:p. 24; 10900:p. 87; 10812:p. 227. 10804:p. 54; 10761:p. 139. 10745:p. 139. 10690:p. 24; 10682:p. 64; 10678:p. 87; 10674:p. 54; 10670:p. 91; 10666:p. 46; 10650:p. 36; 10602:p. 138. 10578:p. 34; 10570:p. 24; 10566:p. 65; 10562:p. 49; 10527:p. 33; 10507:p. 232. 10503:p. 30; 10487:p. 137. 10442:p. 24; 10438:p. 64; 10383:p. 136. 10359:p. 115. 10347:p. 125. 10335:p. 135. 10323:p. 106. 10283:p. 39; 10118:p. 74; 10048:p. 38; 10016:p. 523. 9986:p. 38; 9938:p. 22; 9914:p. 22; 9886:p. 461. 9863:p. 47; 9785:p. 209. 9777:p. 13; 9769:p. 74; 9757:p. 133. 9705:p. 511. 9701:p. 13; 9685:p. 13; 9588:p. 15; 9516:p. 13; 9500:p. 74; 9433:p. 228. 9410:p. 29; 9387:p. 28; 9344:p. 64; 9298:p. 27; 9290:p. 64; 9259:p. 92; 9255:p. 26; 9247:p. 64; 9212:p. 50; 9208:p. 25; 9204:p. 64; 9200:p. 87; 9188:p. 74; 9172:p. 168. 9160:p. 124. 9140:p. 129. 9084:p. 87; 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