546:
155:
1226:
721:
854:
868:
584:
On
October 23, 1935, a group of students at the university who supported Chardón began to collect signatures for a petition to declare Albizu Campos "Student Enemy Number One." In turn, a protest against the group by the pro-Nationalist faction of students denounced Chardón and the Liberal Party as
793:
from
Maryland, a Democrat, in a 1943 legislative proposal to grant independence to Puerto Rico. Although the measure was welcomed by every political party in Puerto Rico, including Muñoz's Liberal Party, the senator opposed the measure. Senator Muñoz Marín said that independence would hurt Puerto
601:
officers on the university grounds if the situation turned violent. Two police officers spotted a "suspicious-looking vehicle" and asked the driver, Ramón S. Pagán, and his friend Pedro Quiñones, for identification. A struggle ensued, and the police killed Pagán and Quiñones. The local newspaper,
841:
These leaders were charged with having "conspired to overthrow" the U.S. government on the island. They were tried in the U.S. District Court in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico. The first trial jury, which included a minority of Puerto Ricans among its members, ended in a hung jury. A second jury was
842:
picked, consisting solely of "Anglo-Americans." This jury found every
Nationalist charged "guilty" except Juarbe Juarbe. The guilty findings and sentences were appealed before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in Boston, MA, which affirmed the lower court's determinations.
613:, testified that she saw the police officers shooting at the victims and heard one police officer screaming, "not to let them escape alive." Her testimony was ignored, and no charges were filed against the police officers. The Río Piedras massacre left four men dead.
1931:
798:, which provided independence for the Philippines after a 10-year transition period. Due to his opposition, the bill did not progress in Congress, and Puerto Rico did not receive its political independence from the U.S.
580:
and which was transmitted by radio, Albizu Campos denounced Chardón, the university deans and the
Liberal Party as traitors, saying they wanted to convert the university into an "American" propaganda institution.
821:
After Col. Riggs's assassination, many
Nationalist Party leaders were imprisoned. Members of the Puerto Rican independence movement came under greater scrutiny and prosecution. Among the leaders arrested were
786:(1935–1937), to publicly condemn Col. Riggs's assassination. Senator Muñoz Marín declined unless he was also allowed to condemn the Puerto Rico Police for allegedly executing the two assassins without trial.
805:
to organize a local government pursuant to a constitution of their own, comparable to those of other territories and states of the United States. From its enactment until this day, the act has served as the
834:, Erasmo Velazquez, Julio H. Velazquez, Juan Gallardo Santiago, Juan Juarbe Juarbe, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were later released on $ 10,000 bail. The Nationalist Rafael Ortiz Pacheco fled to the
606:, reported on October 25 that the day before, observers heard an explosion followed by gunfire; Eduardo Rodríguez Vega and José Santiago Barea were also killed that day.
576:(PRRA) to "Americanize" the university with the support of the Liberal Party. On October 20, 1935, in a political meeting which the Nationalist Party held in the town of
1346:
470:
519:
as
Chancellor of the University of Puerto Rico. He was the first Puerto Rican to have this position. In 1935, Chardón initiated a project based on the ideas of
694:
2046:
1896:
906:
196:
1319:
2001:
1625:
1143:"War Against All Puerto Ricans: Revolution and Terror in America's Colony"; Author: Nelson Antonio Denis; Publisher: Nation Books (April 7, 2015);
1952:
1921:
463:
818:
Muñoz Marín, as
Governor of Puerto Rico, supported the measure. Muñoz Marín became the first native-born elected governor of Puerto Rico.
2051:
1916:
216:
2061:
2056:
2041:
2006:
783:
573:
2011:
1309:
1215:
709:, the U.S. appointed governor of Puerto Rico. He was an unpopular police chief, stemming from his decisions to repress the growing
45:
2021:
1289:
456:
944:
993:
954:
2036:
1229:
670:
Dionisio
Pearson, a nationalist youth who was later charged with murder, because he participated in the Río Piedras riots.
221:
105:
755:
wing of the
Nationalist Party. They attacked and fatally shot the police chief as he was returning home after attending
1427:
1148:
886:
1996:
1520:
1835:
1457:
437:
1871:
1515:
1304:
1530:
1382:
1299:
911:
815:
2026:
1640:
896:
557:
500:
144:
89:
1856:
1314:
698:
564:
of the
Department of Interior to arrange for private leasing of Navy oil fields, in what became known as the
572:
would strip Puerto Rico of her natural resources. He believed that Chardón had been placed in charge of the
2031:
2016:
1750:
1545:
1294:
1208:
891:
524:
299:
38:
1610:
1605:
1447:
1906:
717:
took their orders from Colonel Riggs, the Nationalist Party considered him responsible for the massacre.
206:
1412:
1402:
492:
1991:
1785:
1422:
545:
427:
1830:
1397:
1392:
1362:
503:. Four Nationalist Party members were killed, and one police officer was wounded during the shooting.
344:
1495:
1467:
811:
532:
488:
442:
1825:
1660:
1490:
1417:
686:
At the time of the massacre, the top-ranking U.S.-appointed police chief on the island was a former
367:
339:
1600:
1442:
795:
1730:
1525:
713:
movement among sugar cane workers and the Nationalist Pro-Independence Movement. Since the entire
560:, knew that Roosevelt had been implicated as Assistant Secretary of the Navy in helping Secretary
289:
1926:
1735:
1725:
1407:
1201:
690:
382:
377:
1580:
1560:
1036:
1810:
1720:
1710:
1695:
1335:
827:
748:
725:
512:
432:
392:
279:
264:
182:
1815:
1805:
1715:
1570:
1184:
831:
407:
329:
324:
1886:
1765:
1690:
881:
802:
775:
520:
309:
259:
187:
154:
1770:
1575:
1540:
1452:
1193:
1050:
527:. It was known as the Reconstruction of Puerto Rico Project. The plan, which was within the
417:
1655:
1340:
1284:
577:
244:
1780:
516:
422:
8:
1947:
1840:
1650:
1585:
1565:
1437:
981:
823:
774:
News of the assassination spread throughout the United States. The Puerto Rican Senator,
759:
at San Juan's Cathedral. Rosado and Beauchamp were arrested and were either subjected to
593:
On October 24, 1935, a student assembly held at the university declared Albizu Campos as
565:
553:
349:
239:
1432:
1866:
1820:
1775:
1670:
1620:
1500:
916:
859:
835:
764:
732:
714:
598:
496:
334:
314:
249:
123:
1665:
1377:
744:
372:
1760:
1555:
1505:
1248:
1144:
989:
950:
760:
412:
1800:
1510:
610:
523:, who at the time was a Senator in the Puerto Rican legislature and a member of the
319:
1932:
Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
1367:
1243:
873:
702:
536:
1745:
1462:
1387:
294:
1911:
1901:
1685:
1675:
1595:
1372:
790:
779:
768:
756:
728:
710:
706:
284:
211:
201:
1881:
1861:
1680:
1550:
1225:
901:
254:
177:
1118:
1092:
30:
1985:
1795:
1755:
1700:
1472:
402:
304:
269:
60:
47:
986:
Puerto Rico Por Encima de Todo: Vida y Obra de Antonio R. Barcelo, 1868-1938
1790:
1740:
1705:
1590:
794:
Rico's economy. He contrasted the proposed bill with the provisions of the
752:
740:
397:
387:
274:
801:
In 1950, the 81st United States Congress passed legislation to enable the
1630:
1615:
1535:
807:
739:
On February 23, 1936, Colonel Riggs was assassinated by the Nationalists
720:
621:
The supporters of the Nationalist Party killed during the shooting were:
561:
731:, moments before being shot, officially while attempting to escape, at
1268:
767:
headquarters in San Juan. Before his death, Beauchamp posed, giving a
687:
1969:
528:
101:
16:
Police shooting of supporters of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1263:
1253:
1258:
705:, and was appointed Chief of Police of Puerto Rico in 1933, by
1223:
778:, who was in Washington, D.C., at the time, was asked by
499:
officers confronted and opened fire on supporters of the
115:
5 (4 were members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party)
988:; p. 292; Publisher: Ediciones Puerto (January 2008);
646:
A bystander (not a Nationalist) who was also killed:
511:
In 1931, the U.S.-appointed Governor of Puerto Rico,
849:
907:
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s
629:Ramón S. Pagán – Nationalist Party Treasurer
197:
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1320:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
597:Chardón requested that the governor provide armed
1983:
1087:
1085:
938:
936:
934:
932:
1209:
1077:Pedro Albizu Campos: Las Llamas de la Aurora,
1064:Pedro Albizu Campos: Las Llamas de la Aurora,
464:
2047:Crimes in insular areas of the United States
1093:"Prisoner Says Winship Acted in Retaliation"
1082:
942:
929:
697:. Colonel Elisha Francis Riggs was born in
568:of the 1920s. Albizu Campos worried that
1216:
1202:
1037:Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico-FBI files
506:
471:
457:
217:Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
159:Flag of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1119:"Assassins Threaten Puerto Rico Governor"
784:Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration
574:Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration
2002:Massacres committed by the United States
1310:Hostosian National Independence Movement
1163:, Markus Wiener Publishers, 2008, p. 179
1161:The Puerto Ricans: A Documentary History
719:
544:
539:, was well received and became known as
1290:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
1016:
1014:
531:criteria established by U.S. President
1984:
1953:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
1897:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1347:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
976:
974:
972:
763:or shot while attempting to escape at
1922:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
1197:
1032:
1030:
487:occurred on October 24, 1935, at the
1230:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
1046:
1044:
1011:
816:its relation with the United States.
1066:Ediciones Puerto, 2008, pp. 218-224
969:
222:1954 United States Capitol shooting
13:
1027:
887:List of revolutions and rebellions
14:
2073:
2052:School shootings in North America
1041:
2062:Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico
2057:University and college shootings
2042:Police misconduct in Puerto Rico
2007:Political history of Puerto Rico
1224:
866:
852:
153:
2012:Student protests in Puerto Rico
1300:Puerto Rican Independence Party
1178:
1166:
1154:
1137:
1111:
946:Puerto Rico Under Colonial Rule
912:Puerto Rican Independence Party
2022:People murdered in Puerto Rico
1836:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1468:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1305:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1174:Puerto Rico Por Encima de Todo
1079:Ediciones Puerto, 2008, p. 228
1069:
1056:
1022:Puerto Rico Por Encima de Todo
1006:Puerto Rico Por Encima de Todo
998:
897:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
558:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
501:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
438:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
90:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1:
1857:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
1771:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1531:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1383:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
922:
616:
585:agents of the United States.
549:Don Pedro Albizu Campos, 1936
418:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1917:Truman assassination attempt
1295:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
943:Bosque Pérez, Ramón (2006).
892:Truman assassination attempt
681:
525:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
7:
2037:1935 murders in Puerto Rico
1907:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1516:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
845:
789:Gruening joined US Senator
782:, the administrator of the
588:
207:San Juan Nationalist revolt
10:
2078:
1285:Union Party of Puerto Rico
949:. SUNY Press. p. 71.
128:Chief Elisha Francis Riggs
1961:
1940:
1849:
1639:
1611:María de Lourdes Santiago
1606:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1481:
1448:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
1355:
1328:
1277:
1236:
812:government of Puerto Rico
771:for a news photographer.
735:headquarters in San Juan.
533:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
489:University of Puerto Rico
119:
111:
95:
84:
76:
37:
26:
22:1935 Río Piedras massacre
21:
1997:Massacres in Puerto Rico
1443:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1413:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1403:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
724:Eliás Beauchamp gives a
662:Among the wounded were:
1927:Cerro Maravilla murders
1872:Levantamiento de Ciales
1831:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
1751:Tomás López de Victoria
1736:Andres Figueroa Cordero
1726:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1546:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1408:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1398:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1393:Eugenio María de Hostos
1363:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1278:Political organizations
1053:, testimony, Peace Host
507:Prelude to the massacre
383:Andres Figueroa Cordero
378:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
345:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
300:Tomás López de Victoria
139:Part of a series on the
1826:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
1721:Isabel Freire de Matos
1711:Juan Antonio Corretjer
1661:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1491:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1418:José Gualberto Padilla
1356:19th century activists
1336:Cadets of the Republic
1329:Militant organizations
828:Juan Antonio Corretjer
749:Cadets of the Republic
747:, both members of the
736:
726:Cadets of the Republic
632:Eduardo Rodríguez Vega
550:
513:Theodore Roosevelt Jr.
393:Isabel Freire de Matos
368:Margot Arce de Vázquez
340:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
280:Juan Antonio Corretjer
183:Cadets of the Republic
2027:Crimes in Puerto Rico
1786:Helen Rodríguez Trías
1766:Francisco Matos Paoli
1731:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
1691:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1626:Carlos Alberto Torres
1526:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1482:20th and 21st century
1423:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1237:Indigenous resistance
882:List of Puerto Ricans
830:, Luis F. Velazquez,
803:people of Puerto Rico
723:
548:
428:Helen Rodríguez Trías
310:Francisco Matos Paoli
290:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
260:Rafael Cancel Miranda
61:18.39972°N 66.05000°W
1877:Río Piedras massacre
1581:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1561:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1496:Félix Benítez Rexach
1341:Boricua Popular Army
796:Tydings–McDuffie Act
695:Elisha Francis Riggs
485:Río Piedras massacre
443:Félix Benítez Rexach
362:Notable nationalists
173:Río Piedras massacre
2032:October 1935 events
2017:1935 in Puerto Rico
1948:Grito de Lares flag
1841:Olga Viscal Garriga
1816:Clemente Soto Vélez
1806:Vidal Santiago Díaz
1716:José Ferrer Canales
1651:Pedro Albizu Campos
1601:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1586:Antonio S. Pedreira
1571:Luis Lloréns Torres
1566:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1438:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
1185:Historical Timeline
1172:Arrigoitia (2008),
1020:Arrigoitia (2008),
1004:Arrigoitia (2008),
982:Delma S. Arrigoitia
832:Clemente Soto Vélez
824:Pedro Albizu Campos
673:One police officer.
635:José Santiago Barea
566:Teapot Dome Scandal
556:, president of the
554:Pedro Albizu Campos
408:José Ferrer Canales
350:Olga Viscal Garriga
330:Clemente Soto Vélez
325:Vidal Santiago Díaz
240:Pedro Albizu Campos
234:Nationalist leaders
66:18.39972; -66.05000
57: /
1867:Intentona de Yauco
1821:Griselio Torresola
1776:Ruth Mary Reynolds
1671:Casimiro Berenguer
1621:Alejandrina Torres
1576:Oscar López Rivera
1541:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1458:Fernando Fernandez
1453:Manuel Zeno Gandía
917:Intentona de Yauco
860:Puerto Rico portal
836:Dominican Republic
765:Puerto Rico Police
737:
733:Puerto Rico Police
715:Puerto Rico Police
654:Juan Muñoz Jiménez
599:Puerto Rico Police
595:persona non grata.
551:
497:Puerto Rico Police
335:Griselio Torresola
315:Ruth Mary Reynolds
250:Casimiro Berenguer
167:Events and revolts
124:Puerto Rico Police
88:Supporters of the
1992:Massacres in 1935
1979:
1978:
1891:Ley de la Mordaza
1781:Germán Rieckehoff
1696:José Coll y Cuchí
1643:Nationalist Party
1556:Leopoldo Figueroa
1506:Americo Boschetti
1097:The Baltimore Sun
994:978-1-934461-69-3
956:978-0-7914-6417-5
761:summary execution
517:Carlos E. Chardón
481:
480:
423:Germán Rieckehoff
265:José Coll y Cuchí
190:Ley de la Mordaza
147:Nationalist Party
134:
133:
2069:
1433:Juan Ríus Rivera
1368:Mariana Bracetti
1228:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1141:
1135:
1134:
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1130:
1115:
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1104:
1089:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1051:"Isolina Rondón"
1048:
1039:
1034:
1025:
1018:
1009:
1002:
996:
978:
967:
966:
964:
963:
940:
876:
874:Biography portal
871:
870:
869:
862:
857:
856:
855:
776:Luis Muñoz Marín
703:Washington, D.C.
537:Great Depression
521:Luis Muñoz Marín
473:
466:
459:
157:
136:
135:
80:October 24, 1935
72:
71:
69:
68:
67:
62:
58:
55:
54:
53:
50:
19:
18:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2066:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1957:
1936:
1912:Utuado Uprising
1902:Jayuya Uprising
1845:
1686:Nemesio Canales
1676:Julia de Burgos
1666:Elías Beauchamp
1656:José S. Alegría
1642:
1635:
1596:Miguel Poventud
1483:
1477:
1378:Roberto Cofresí
1373:Mathias Brugman
1351:
1324:
1315:Socialist Front
1273:
1232:
1222:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1125:. 30 March 1936
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1075:Marisa Rosado,
1074:
1070:
1062:Marisa Rosado,
1061:
1057:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1019:
1012:
1003:
999:
979:
970:
961:
959:
957:
941:
930:
925:
872:
867:
865:
858:
853:
851:
848:
791:Millard Tydings
780:Ernest Gruening
769:military salute
745:Elías Beauchamp
729:military salute
711:organized labor
707:Blanton Winship
684:
619:
609:An eyewitness,
591:
509:
477:
448:
447:
373:Elías Beauchamp
363:
355:
354:
285:Julia de Burgos
245:José S. Alegría
235:
227:
226:
212:Utuado uprising
202:Jayuya Uprising
168:
160:
146:
98:
65:
63:
59:
56:
51:
48:
46:
44:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2075:
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2064:
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2039:
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2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1977:
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1974:
1973:
1965:
1963:
1959:
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1950:
1944:
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1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1882:Ponce massacre
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1862:Grito de Lares
1859:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Isolina Rondón
1798:
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1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
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1743:
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1681:Blanca Canales
1678:
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1553:
1551:Elizam Escobar
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:Juan Mari Brás
1508:
1503:
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1123:Miami Tribune
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541:Plan Chardón.
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403:Isabel Rosado
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305:Hugo Margenat
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106:mass shooting
103:
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42:
40:
36:
33:, Puerto Rico
32:
29:
25:
20:
1968:
1890:
1876:
1791:Hiram Rosado
1761:René Marqués
1741:Irvin Flores
1706:Rosa Collazo
1641:Puerto Rican
1591:Pedro Pietri
1428:Manuel Rojas
1343:(Macheteros)
1249:Agüeybaná II
1180:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1122:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1096:
1076:
1071:
1063:
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1021:
1005:
1000:
985:
960:. Retrieved
945:
840:
820:
800:
788:
773:
753:paramilitary
741:Hiram Rosado
738:
685:
661:
645:
620:
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603:
594:
592:
583:
570:Plan Chardón
569:
552:
540:
515:, named Dr.
510:
484:
482:
413:René Marqués
398:Hiram Rosado
388:Irvin Flores
275:Rosa Collazo
189:
172:
145:Puerto Rican
1631:Iris Zavala
1616:Piri Thomas
1536:Juan Dalmau
1244:Agüeybaná I
808:organic law
562:Albert Fall
535:during the
493:Río Piedras
120:Perpetrator
97:Attack type
64: /
39:Coordinates
31:Río Piedras
1986:Categories
1187:, PR Dream
962:2009-03-17
923:References
699:Georgetown
617:Casualties
52:66°03′00″W
49:18°23′59″N
1521:Roy Brown
1484:activists
688:U.S. Army
682:Aftermath
188:Gag Law (
1970:Claridad
1129:28 April
1103:28 April
1024:, p. 306
1008:, p. 305
846:See also
810:for the
604:El Mundo
589:Massacre
529:New Deal
102:Massacre
27:Location
1941:Symbols
1887:Gag Law
1269:Urayoán
1264:Jumacao
1254:Arasibo
691:Colonel
578:Maunabo
1850:Events
1259:Hayuya
1147:
992:
953:
751:, the
693:named
112:Deaths
85:Target
1962:Media
1145:ISBN
1131:2020
1105:2020
990:ISBN
980:Dr.
951:ISBN
814:and
757:Mass
743:and
483:The
77:Date
491:in
1988::
1121:.
1095:.
1084:^
1043:^
1029:^
1013:^
984:,
971:^
931:^
838:.
826:,
495:.
104:,
1893:)
1889:(
1217:e
1210:t
1203:v
1151:.
1133:.
1107:.
965:.
472:e
465:t
458:v
192:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
