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42:
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896:
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775:. The relocation of the active front gave rise to new volcanoes further westward or increased their activity. The formerly broad magmatic belt narrowed, retaining vigorous activity only in its westernmost parts. Associated with these changes are the oldest rocks of PCCVC, those that belong to Sierra Nevada. Sierra Nevada grew over time to form a large
1269:
type lava flows emitted from the vents along the N135° trending fissure. A third phase followed with the appearance of short north-north west (N165°) oriented vents transverse to the main fissure which also erupted rhyodacitic lava. The third phase ended temporarily with viscous lava obstructing the
1220:
of 9.5. Being located between two sparsely populated and by then isolated Andean valleys the eruption had few eyewitnesses and received little attention by local media due to the huge damages and losses caused by the main earthquake. The eruption was fed by a 5.5 km (3 mi) long and north
931:
Eruptive records in Cordón Caulle, the only active centre in the
Puyehue-Cordón Caulle system in historical times, are relatively scarce. This is explained by the geographical position of Cordón Caulle and the history of Spanish and Chilean settlement in southern Chile. After a failed attempt in
1402:. The temperatures of the vapour systems range from 260 to 340 °C (500 to 644 °F) and 150–180 °C (302–356 °F) for the aquifer. The uppermost part of the geothermal system, at 1,500–2,000 m (4,900–6,600 ft), is characterized by fumaroles and acid-
762:
Some 300,000 years ago, important changes occurred in the area of
Puyehue. The old Pliocene volcano Mencheca, currently exposed just northeast of Puyehue's cone, declined in activity. This decline was probably due a regional change in the location of the active front of the
1367:
By 15 June a dense column of ash was still erupting 10 km into the air, with the ash cloud spreading across the
Southern Hemisphere; scientists expected intensifying eruptions of Puyehue in the following days, and said the volcano showed no signs of slowing down.
779:, during the same time Cordón Caulle was also being built up having rather silicic products compared to coeval Sierra Nevada and Mencheca. The oldest rocks from proper Puyehue volcano are 200,000 years old, representing the youngest possible age for this volcano.
1252:
about 8 km in height. The erupting N135° trending fissure had two craters of major activity emplaced at each end; the Gris Crater and El
Azufral Crater. Volcanic vents of Cordón Caulle that were not in eruption produced visible
1751:; Guzmán-Marín, Pedro; Lira, María Paz; Labarca, Rafael; Corgne, Alexandre (2 March 2019). "The procurement and use of knappable glassy volcanic raw material from the late Pleistocene Pilauco site, Chilean Northwestern Patagonia".
964:
west of Cordón Caulle had been settled by
Chileans and European immigrants and an eruption was reported in 1893. The next report came in 1905, but the eruption of 8 February 1914 is the first one certain to have occurred.
1452:, J. A. Naranjo, S. Matthews, C. Pérez de Arce (2006). "Magmatic Evolution of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex (40° S), Southern Andean Volcanic Zone: From shield to unusual fissure volcanism".
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in the south. The fact that
Puyehue volcano is named after Puyehue Lake reflects that it is better seen and more accessible from the south. Cordillera Nevada is a 9 km (6 mi) wide semicircular
1737:
Sepúlveda, Fabián; Lahsen, Alfredo; Dorsch, Klaus; Palacios, Carlos and Bender, Steffen. Geothermal
Exploration in the Cordón Caulle Region, Southern Chile. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005.
1979:
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Following the end of the 1960 eruption, Cordón Caulle has remained relatively quiet if compared with the first half of the 20th century. On 2 March 1972 there was a report of an eruption west of
833:. In mid or late glacial times cordillera Nevada produced its last lavas which were andesitic to dacitic in composition. Cordón Caulle evolved during this time from being a shield volcano to a
576:
and corresponds to the remnants of a collapsed volcano. Cordillera Nevada covers an area of 700 km (270 sq mi). Cordón Caulle is a northwest trending ridge that hosts a volcanic-
1902:
1513:
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2109:
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A new eruption started on 4 June 2011. By this time, 3,500 people had been evacuated from nearby areas, while an ash cloud reaching 12,000 m (39,370 ft) blew toward the city of
810:
During the
Llanquihue glaciation volcanism occurred on all three vents, Cordillera Nevada, Cordón Caulle and Puyehue volcano. During most of this time the volcano was covered by the
2043:
1536:
559:. Puyehue is located in the southeast, Cordón Caulle in the center, and Cordillera Nevada, which owes its name to its often snowy appearance from the relatively densely populated
2135:
864:
around 30,000 years ago until around 19,000 years ago when
Puyehues started to produce lava domes and flows of dacitic to rhyolitic composition, a trend that lasted until 12,000
948:. No eruption record is known from this era. From 1602 to the mid-18th century there were no Spanish settlements within a radius of 100 km (62 mi). The closest were
531:. The track ascends ca 1,000 m through dense forest to the Cordón Caulle area. From the relatively flat Cordón Caulle there is further ca 600 m of ascent over
515:. According to the homepage of Puyehue National Park the shelter can be reached after four hours walking. The access through El Caulle is not public as it is not inside
915:, and until 2011 only Cordón Caulle had recorded historical eruptions. In the interval between 7,000 and 5,000 years ago Puyehue had rhyolitic eruptions that produced
794:
called San Pablo was produced. This ignimbrite covers an estimated area of 1,500 km (370,658 acres) immediately west of
Cordillera Nevada, stretching across the
1615:
1818:
919:. The lava domes were later destroyed after a sequence of strong eruptions that were part of an explosive eruptive cycle. These last eruptions were likely of
688:. In the past 300,000 years, there have been a series of changes in magmatic composition, locus of volcanic activity, magma output rates and eruptive styles.
933:
1986:
595:. Its cone hosts a 2.4 km (1.5 mi) wide crater, and products of Puyehue volcanism cover an approximate area of 160 km (62 sq mi).
90:
868:. Between 15,000 and 12,000 years ago Puyehue also erupted basaltic andesite. During the Llanquihue glaciation Puyehue volcano produced some of the most
523:, as of 2009, has to be paid, of which 3,000 are refunded if visitor packs out his garbage. From the north, there are tracks from the vicinities of
1899:
1586:
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418:. The volcanic complex has shaped the local landscape and produced a huge variety of volcanic landforms and products over the last 300,000 years.
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1335:
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222:
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that develop on it. The geothermal system in Cordón Caulle consists of a vapour dominated system overlain by a more superficial steam heated
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The volcanic complex that comprises Puyehue, Cordón Caulle and Cordillera Nevada has a long record of active history spanning from 300,000
1963:
2038:
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vents, but continued soon with explosive activity restricted to the Gris and El Azufral craters. The eruption came to an end on 22 July.
1221:
west-west (N135°) trending fissure along which 21 individual vents have been found. These vents produced an output of about 0.25 km
2302:
1939:
1616:"Geochemical Characteristics of the Southern andes Basaltic Volcanism Associated with the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault between 39° and 46° S"
1353:
723:
1865:
and Pérez de Arce, C. Geocronología K-Ar y geoquímica del volcanismo plioceno superior-pleistoceno de los Andes del sur (29–42°S).
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all of them out of sight of the volcano. In 1759 an eruption was noticed in the Cordillera, although this is mainly attributed to
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from the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle. Yet these rocks were imported by humans to the site as nearby rivers have not transported them.
3036:
3026:
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1310:. This prompted ONEMI to invoke an emergency action committee, however soon afterward unrest ceased. Between 4 and 17 May 2011
940:
in 1558, the only Spanish settlement in the zone, 80 km (50 mi) west of Cordón Caulle. This settlements had to be
680:
to the present. The older parts of the Cordillera Nevada caldera and Mencheca volcano reflect even older activity from the
1832:
1630:
1315:
1208:. The eruption was believed to have been caused by the earthquake. The earthquake had struck the whole of Chile between
1724:, PhD-Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Geo-Department, in German with English and Spanish abstracts.
907:
Panorama of Puyehue's crater from near the summit. In the background, black lavas from the 1960 Cordón Caulle eruption.
3016:
2966:
1547:"Recent Volcanism in the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Region, Southern Andes, Chile (40.5° S): Petrogeneis of Evolved Lavas"
1340:
749:
731:
1909:, Región de Los Ríos, Complejo Volcánico Puyehue – Cordón Caulle, 4 June 2011. Hora del reporte: 15:15 hora local.
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of 3 and ended in February 1922. In 1929 and 1934 the Cordón Caulle had fissure eruptions, both with an estimated
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17:
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were found without activity. From accounts of local inhabitants of the area it is inferred that a small
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1286:(Oficina Nacional de Emergencia del Ministerio del Interior) organized a flight over the area with two
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Eruptive history, geochronology, and magmatic evolution of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex
1377:
1607:
1542:
802:. The San Pablo ignimbrite has been associated with the formation of the Cordillera Nevada Caldera.
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2261:
1307:
1201:
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446:
2209:
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1960:
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springs. Cordón Caulle is considered one of the main sites of geothermal exploration in Chile.
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whose main shock came on 22 May 1960, Cordón Caulle started to erupt along its southern flank.
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1545:, Stasiuk1, S. J. Lane, C. R. Adam, M. D. Murphy, R. S. J. Sparks and J. A. Naranjo (1988).
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In Cordillera Nevada this volcanism was expressed from about 117,000 years ago primarily as
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Apart from this, the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle area is one of the main sites of exploration for
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Hydrogeologische Untersuchungen der Geothermalfelder von Puyehue und Cordón Caulle, Chile.
41:
8:
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1716:
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1222:
457:
2188:"Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano (Chile): strong ash emissions and incandescence at night"
1816:
Lori D Daniels, Thomas T Veblen. Altitudinal treelines of the southern Andes near 40ºS.
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further east in Argentina was also closed due to the ash cloud. Airports as far away as
154:
2921:
2753:
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1878:
Singer, Brad S., Jicha, Brian R., Harper. Melissa A., Naranjo, José A., Lara, Luis E.,
1768:
1748:
632:
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411:
2187:
2064:"Puyehue volcano (Chile), activity update: continuous ash eruptions reaching 10–12 km"
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located on the southeastern end of Cordón Caulle, just east of the main fault of the
150:
1669:; 40.5°S) after the 1960 (Mw:9.5) Chilean earthquake: a structural interpretation".
1352:, Argentina, where the local airport was closed. At approximately 16:30 local time,
2926:
2916:
2838:
2818:
2773:
2650:
2615:
2377:
2352:
2210:"NASA – NASA Satellite Gallery Shows Chilean Volcano Plume Moving Around the World"
1760:
1566:
1479:
1471:
1311:
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at around 34,000 years ago. The onset of this change was marked by the eruption of
783:
512:
453:
308:
298:
264:
829:. These lava flows partly filled the caldera and flowed north, out to what is now
449:. With a magnitude of 9.5, it remains the largest recorded earthquake in history.
383:). Four volcanoes constitute the volcanic group or complex, the Cordillera Nevada
2743:
2715:
2580:
2402:
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2093:
2047:
1967:
1906:
1879:
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1699:, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005: Antalya, Turkey, 24–29 April 2005
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emissions. After this explosive phase the eruption changed character to a more
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630:, lying around 1,500 m (4,921 ft) elevation, is mostly made up of
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Puyehue, Cordón del Caulle, and Cordillera Nevada form a northwest trending
495:
From the south, the Cordón Caulle can be approached from Fundo El Caulle on
2931:
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Lahsen, Alfredo; Sepúlveda, Fabián; Rojas, Juan; Palacios, Carlos (2005),
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841:. This was accompanied by emission of ignimbrites and dacitic lava flows.
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2738:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2530:
2337:
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Bariloche entró en alerta roja por las cenizas del volcán chileno Puyehue
2015:
1910:
1323:
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and loose rocks to the summit of Puyehue. In the Nilahue area there are
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2630:
2625:
2585:
2555:
2465:
2432:
2427:
2387:
2232:"Chilean eruption shows no sign of abating | euronews, world news"
2136:"Puyehue's volcanic ash cloud grounds flights out of Argentine capital"
1387:
1303:
1170:
1085:
884:
853:
791:
564:
563:, is at the northwestern end. The massif is located between two lakes,
528:
480:
461:
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430:
and craters can be found in the area apart from the widest variety of
2748:
2733:
2710:
2675:
2655:
2640:
2495:
2475:
2110:"Volcanic Ash from Puyehue Halts Argentina's Air Traffic Again Today"
2010:
Reporte No. 21 Actividad volcánica REGIÓN DE LOS RIOS: Mayo de 2011.
1606:
1391:
1361:
1349:
1279:
1245:
1226:
1169:, with a 6.2 km (4 mi) high plume, periodic explosions and
1084:, with a 6.2 km (4 mi) high plume, periodic explosions and
945:
916:
627:
504:
460:
is manifested on the surface of Puyehue and Cordón Caulle as several
423:
410:, Puyehue and Cordón Caulle are along the intersection of a traverse
2357:
923:
and sub-plinian type and occurred around 1,100 years ago (~850 CE).
701:
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2620:
2550:
2545:
2515:
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2422:
2417:
2412:
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1318:(OVDAS). The activity concentrated around and in Cordillera Nevada
1258:
1205:
912:
768:
681:
577:
484:
465:
442:
388:
2813:
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Puyehue-Cordón Caulle started an eruption that lasted until 1920.
782:
It is estimated that some 100,000 years ago in the period between
772:
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2680:
2665:
2570:
2540:
2372:
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1403:
1399:
1319:
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536:
511:. Some 1,000 m up on forested slope there is a campsite and
427:
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250:
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580:
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532:
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73:
644:. The main plant species present in these high elevations are
2520:
2407:
2011:
1980:"Spanish language report of green alert status in march 2010"
1914:
1283:
1254:
1209:
872:
basalts of the Southern Volcanic Zone with a magnesium oxide
805:
364:
337:
176:
162:
1689:
1204:, the largest earthquake recorded in history, Cordón Caulle
314:
2948:
Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south
818:
on many lava outcrops and affecting the volcanic activity.
343:
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46:
Aerial view of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex.
1314:
partly attributed to the movements of fluids was detected
270:
340:
276:
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was formed around 1990. In 1994 a temporarily emplaced
911:
Only Puyehue and Cordón Caulle have erupted during the
54:
can be seen in the top left and top right respectively.
1371:
1160:
334:
326:
311:
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1364:, had to be closed temporarily due to volcanic ash.
320:
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860:(MgO). The bimodal activity continued with a small
603:The lower parts of the mountains are covered by an
331:
317:
273:
254:Location of Puyehue-Cordón Caulle (PCCVC) in Chile
2161:Critchlow, Andrew; Craymer, Lucy (11 June 2011).
1693:Present Status of Geothermal Exploration in Chile
1665:"Rhyodacitic fissure eruption in Southern Andes (
2958:
2163:"Ash Disrupts Flights in Australia, New Zealand"
2160:
2040:Volcán Puyehue: Gobierno evacua a 3.500 personas
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1804:Lonely Planet: Trekking in the Patagonian Andes
1165:On 13 December 1921, Cordón Caulle began a sub-
1672:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
1455:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
1290:aboard. Puyehue and Cordón Caulle as well the
2296:
1900:Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcánica No 28
1710:
1708:
1706:
1432:
960:. By the end of the 19th century most of the
475:(dated to c. 12.5 to 13.5 ka BP) are made of
1925:
1923:
1585:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1498:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1322:and on western Cordón Caulle. This prompted
1018:in Cordón Caulle is believed to have formed
969:Recorded eruptions at Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
539:who offer horseback trips to Cordón Caulle.
1282:in Argentina. The Chilean emergency office
767:that also affected other volcanoes such as
730:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
434:in all the Southern Zone, for example both
2303:
2289:
1703:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1589:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
899:View from Puyehue's summit into its crater
806:Volcanism during the Llanquihue glaciation
445:. Cordón Caulle erupted shortly after the
1920:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1570:
1514:"Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería"
1483:
1154:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle might have erupted
1141:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle might have erupted
1128:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle might have erupted
844:Puyehue was characterized by eruption of
750:Learn how and when to remove this message
1929:
1801:
1339:
1336:2011–2012 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption
1193:Eruption of Cordón Caulle following the
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902:
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856:mingled with basaltic andesite rich in
14:
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1942:from the original on 15 September 2018
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1731:
1714:
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1537:Gerlach, David C.; Frederick A. Frey,
1530:
1344:2011 eruption of Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
1306:which reached IV and V degrees on the
1302:registered tremors north of Puyehue's
691:
555:of the Andes. The three volcanoes are
490:
377:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex
2284:
1602:
1600:
1329:
1200:Two days after the main shock of the
848:to dacites until its activity turned
471:Most of the stone artifacts found in
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2310:
2190:. Volcanodiscovery.com. 15 June 2011
1930:Pallardy, Richard (17 August 2018).
728:adding citations to reliable sources
695:
355:edifices that form a major mountain
2066:. Volcanodiscovery.com. 6 June 2011
1855:
1728:
1372:Geothermal activity and exploration
1316:Southern Andean Volcano Observatory
1273:
926:
671:
587:is developed. Puyehue Volcano is a
24:
1597:
1506:
1161:1921–1922, 1929 and 1934 eruptions
244:– Fundo El Caulle – Puyehue's peak
25:
3048:
2249:
1382:Cordón Caulle is a major area of
402:Like most stratovolcanoes in the
1476:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.04.010
1326:-OVDAS to declare yellow alert.
1184:
700:
519:; and an entrance fee of 10,000
391:Mencheca volcano, Cordón Caulle
307:
263:
40:
2224:
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2004:
1972:
1954:
1936:Encyclopaedia Britannica Online
1893:
1825:
1810:
1795:
1779:
1386:, as manifested by the several
133:means place of small fishes in
1740:
1115:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle erupted
1064:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle erupted
1050:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle erupted
614:, where plant species such as
612:Valdivian temperate rainforest
13:
1:
3037:Landforms of Los Lagos Region
3027:Mountains of Los Lagos Region
2992:Volcanoes of Los Lagos Region
1792:. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
1426:
944:due to conflicts with native
3032:Landforms of Los Ríos Region
3022:Mountains of Los Ríos Region
2987:Volcanoes of Los Ríos Region
2234:. Euronews.net. 15 June 2011
2114:International Business Times
2028:NASA - Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
1623:7°Congreso Geológico Chileno
1519:(in Spanish). Archived from
1216:(43°S) and had an estimated
542:
414:with the larger north–south
371:, in the South of Chile. In
78:2,236 m (7,336 ft)
7:
1629:: 1388–1393. Archived from
1409:
1000:2011 Cordón Caulle eruption
375:this group is known as the
10:
3053:
1932:"Chile earthquake of 1960"
1867:Revista Geológica de Chile
1802:McCarthy, Carolyn (2009).
1661:Lara, L.E., Naranjo J.A.,
1572:10.1093/petrology/29.2.333
1421:List of volcanoes in Chile
1375:
1333:
1179:Volcanic Explosivity Index
1175:Volcanic Explosivity Index
1088:. Ended in February 1922.
2945:
2902:
2724:
2451:
2318:
1966:18 September 2009 at the
1961:El Correo: Volcán Puyehue
1378:Geothermal power in Chile
934:García Hurtado de Mendoza
825:lava flows erupted along
636:. Above this line lies a
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27:Volcanic complex in Chile
3017:Mountain ranges of Chile
2967:Stratovolcanoes of Chile
2262:Global Volcanism Program
2096:MDZ online, 4 June 2011
1861:Lara, L., Rodríguez C.,
1786:SENDEROS SECTOR ANTICURA
1747:Navarro-Harris, Ximena;
1308:Mercalli intensity scale
1236:The eruption began in a
1202:1960 Valdivia earthquake
1195:1960 Valdivia earthquake
1080:Cordón Caulle had a sub-
1034:1960 Valdivia earthquake
954:missions of Nahuel Huapi
598:
593:Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone
447:Great Chilean Earthquake
2267:Smithsonian Institution
2257:"Puyehue-Cordón Caulle"
2167:The Wall Street Journal
2050:La Nacion, 4 June 2011
2725:Southern Volcanic Zone
2511:Andagua volcanic field
2319:Northern Volcanic Zone
1819:The Forestry Chronicle
1715:Dorsch, Klaus (2003),
1608:Leopoldo López-Escobar
1543:Leopoldo López-Escobar
1345:
1197:
908:
900:
876:of 14.32, which is in
796:Chilean Central Valley
765:Southern Volcanic Zone
561:Chilean Central Valley
404:Southern Volcanic Zone
295:Spanish pronunciation:
255:
211:Southern Volcanic Zone
2903:Austral Volcanic Zone
2829:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
2501:Huambo volcanic field
2452:Central Volcanic Zone
2138:. CNN. Archived from
1837:Puyehue National Park
1790:Puyehue National Park
1343:
1240:creating a column of
1192:
1173:. The eruption had a
906:
898:
891:Postglacial volcanism
788:Llanquihue glaciation
517:Puyehue National Park
507:in Argentina through
361:Puyehue National Park
253:
106:40.59028°S 72.11722°W
35:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
2997:Hot springs of Chile
2438:Licto volcanic field
1905:27 June 2011 at the
1551:Journal of Petrology
1362:Melbourne, Australia
936:founded the city of
866:years before present
812:Patagonian Ice Sheet
798:almost reaching the
724:improve this section
647:Gaultheria mucronata
408:Andean Volcanic Belt
111:-40.59028; -72.11722
3002:South Volcanic Zone
2092:8 June 2011 at the
2046:6 June 2011 at the
1563:1988JPet...29..333G
1468:2006JVGR..157..343L
1416:Geology of Valdivia
1390:, boiling springs,
1384:geothermal activity
970:
800:Chilean Coast Range
692:Ancestral volcanoes
491:Approach and ascent
458:Geothermal activity
416:Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault
102: /
2982:Mountains of Chile
2824:Carrán-Los Venados
2769:Nevados de Chillán
2754:Descabezado Grande
1822:, 2003, 79:237–241
1346:
1330:2011–2012 eruption
1198:
968:
909:
901:
846:basaltic andesites
633:Nothofagus pumilio
623:Nothofagus dombeyi
499:, which goes from
351:are two coalesced
256:
60:Highest point
2972:Calderas of Chile
2954:
2953:
2764:Nevado de Longaví
2706:Cueros de Purulla
2686:Cordón del Azufre
2348:Nevado del Tolima
2142:on 2 January 2013
1765:10.1002/gea.21736
1238:sub-plinian style
1158:
1157:
952:and the sporadic
942:abandoned in 1602
760:
759:
752:
608:plant association
567:in the north and
299:[puˈʝewe]
248:
247:
16:(Redirected from
3044:
3007:Active volcanoes
2949:
2819:Mocho-Choshuenco
2353:Nevado del Huila
2312:Andean volcanoes
2305:
2298:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2036:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1985:. Archived from
1984:
1976:
1970:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1927:
1918:
1897:
1891:
1880:Moreno-Roa, Hugo
1876:
1870:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1839:. Archived from
1829:
1823:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1793:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1712:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1687:
1676:
1675:. vol 138. 2004.
1659:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1620:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1576:
1574:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1526:on 27 June 2011.
1525:
1518:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1445:
1312:seismic activity
1274:1960–2011 period
1225:both in form of
1218:moment magnitude
1167:plinian eruption
1082:plinian eruption
1074:
971:
967:
927:Recent eruptions
755:
748:
744:
741:
735:
704:
696:
672:Geologic history
626:are common. The
513:mountain shelter
454:geothermal power
395:and the Puyehue
350:
349:
346:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
329:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
301:
296:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
237:
172:
127:Language of name
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3012:VEI-5 volcanoes
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2904:
2898:
2726:
2720:
2716:Ojos del Salado
2646:Aguas Calientes
2453:
2447:
2343:Nevado del Ruiz
2320:
2314:
2309:
2271:
2269:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:Wayback Machine
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:Wayback Machine
2037:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1992:on 23 July 2011
1989:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1968:Wayback Machine
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1921:
1907:Wayback Machine
1898:
1894:
1877:
1873:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1815:
1811:
1800:
1796:
1784:
1780:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1679:
1660:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1636:on 30 June 2007
1633:
1618:
1612:Hugo Moreno-Roa
1605:
1598:
1578:
1577:
1539:Hugo Moreno-Roa
1535:
1531:
1523:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1491:
1490:
1446:
1433:
1429:
1412:
1380:
1374:
1354:Neuquén airport
1338:
1332:
1300:seismic network
1276:
1187:
1163:
1072:
932:1553, governor
929:
921:phreatomagmatic
893:
880:with melt from
874:mass percentage
858:magnesium oxide
808:
756:
745:
739:
736:
721:
705:
694:
674:
659:Hordeum comosum
653:Empetrum rubrum
638:volcanic desert
617:Chusquea coleou
601:
545:
493:
462:boiling springs
330:
310:
306:
294:
266:
262:
235:
194:Complex volcano
170:
110:
108:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
55:
28:
23:
22:
18:Puyehue volcano
15:
12:
11:
5:
3050:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2636:Purico complex
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2251:
2250:External links
2248:
2246:
2245:
2223:
2201:
2179:
2153:
2127:
2101:
2077:
2055:
2031:
2020:
2003:
1971:
1953:
1919:
1892:
1871:
1854:
1843:on 9 June 2011
1824:
1809:
1794:
1778:
1759:(5): 592–612.
1753:Geoarchaeology
1739:
1727:
1702:
1677:
1647:
1596:
1529:
1505:
1462:(4): 343–366.
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1373:
1370:
1334:Main article:
1331:
1328:
1288:volcanologists
1275:
1272:
1261:one marked by
1186:
1183:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1032:Following the
1030:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
994:
991:
987:
986:
983:
978:
975:
962:Central Valley
928:
925:
892:
889:
816:glacial striae
807:
804:
777:shield volcano
758:
757:
708:
706:
699:
693:
690:
673:
670:
665:Cissus striata
642:alpine tundras
600:
597:
553:Ranco Province
544:
541:
525:Nilahue Valley
492:
489:
432:volcanic rocks
369:Ranco Province
246:
245:
239:
231:
230:
226:
225:
220:
214:
213:
208:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
180:
179:
174:
166:
165:
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
128:
124:
123:
119:
118:
86:
80:
79:
76:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3049:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:Fissure vents
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:Michinmahuida
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:San Francisco
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:Aucanquilcha
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Hualca Hualca
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:(6° N – 3° S)
2317:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2233:
2227:
2211:
2205:
2189:
2183:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2116:. 9 June 2011
2115:
2111:
2105:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2065:
2059:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:. p. 90.
1805:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1667:Cordón Caulle
1664:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1522:
1515:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1448:Lara, L. E.;
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:Carrán crater
1289:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1185:1960 eruption
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
988:
984:
982:
979:
976:
973:
972:
966:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
924:
922:
918:
914:
905:
897:
888:
886:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
839:fissure vents
836:
832:
831:Nilahue River
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
754:
751:
743:
733:
729:
725:
719:
718:
714:
709:This section
707:
703:
698:
697:
689:
687:
684:or the early
683:
679:
669:
667:
666:
661:
660:
655:
654:
649:
648:
643:
639:
635:
634:
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589:stratovolcano
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397:stratovolcano
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393:fissure vents
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348:
305:
304:Cordón Caulle
300:
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236:Easiest route
232:
227:
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219:
218:Last eruption
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189:Mountain type
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33:
30:
19:
2828:
2809:Quetrupillán
2671:Llullaillaco
2536:Huaynaputina
2270:. Retrieved
2260:
2236:. Retrieved
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2166:
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2140:the original
2130:
2118:. Retrieved
2113:
2104:
2098:(in Spanish)
2085:
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2058:
2052:(in Spanish)
2039:
2034:
2023:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1987:the original
1974:
1956:
1946:14 September
1944:. Retrieved
1935:
1895:
1888:GSA Bulletin
1883:
1874:
1869:, July 2001.
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1841:the original
1827:
1817:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1781:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1717:
1692:
1670:
1666:
1638:. Retrieved
1631:the original
1626:
1622:
1581:cite journal
1557:(2): 67–83.
1554:
1550:
1532:
1521:the original
1508:
1494:cite journal
1485:10533/177928
1459:
1453:
1381:
1366:
1358:Buenos Aires
1347:
1277:
1242:volcanic gas
1235:
1199:
1164:
930:
910:
843:
820:
809:
781:
761:
746:
737:
722:Please help
710:
675:
663:
657:
651:
645:
631:
621:
615:
602:
585:fissure vent
569:Puyehue Lake
546:
497:Route 215-CH
494:
473:Pilauco Bajo
470:
451:
420:Cinder cones
401:
380:
376:
303:
258:
257:
171:Parent range
130:
48:Puyehue Lake
29:
2905:(49°–55° S)
2889:Mate Grande
2739:Tupungatito
2727:(33°–46° S)
2606:Olca-Paruma
2601:Irruputuncu
2591:Tata Sabaya
2531:Pichu Pichu
2461:Quimsachata
2454:(14°–27° S)
2338:Cerro Bravo
2016:SERNAGEOMIN
1911:SERNAGEOMIN
1749:Pino, Mario
1388:hot springs
1324:SERNAGEOMIN
1296:pumice cone
1265:blocky and
1263:rhyodacitic
1212:(30°S) and
1073:13 December
1016:pumice cone
878:equilibrium
827:ring faults
686:Pleistocene
583:in which a
509:Samoré Pass
373:volcanology
242:Entre Lagos
109: /
84:Coordinates
2961:Categories
2849:Hornopirén
2834:Casablanca
2804:Villarrica
2799:Sollipulli
2759:Cerro Azul
2631:Licancabur
2626:Sairecabur
2586:Guallatiri
2576:Parinacota
2556:Purupuruni
2466:Auquihuato
2433:Tungurahua
2428:Chimborazo
2388:Reventador
2363:Doña Juana
2212:. Nasa.gov
1863:Moreno, H.
1847:25 October
1663:Moreno, H.
1427:References
1392:solfataras
1376:See also:
1246:pyroclasts
1227:lava flows
1171:seismicity
1109:8 February
1086:seismicity
946:Huilliches
917:lava domes
885:peridotite
854:rhyodacite
814:, leaving
792:ignimbrite
565:Ranco Lake
529:Ranco Lake
481:rhyodacite
456:in Chile.
424:lava domes
161:communes,
151:Lago Ranco
135:Mapudungun
97:72°07′02″W
94:40°35′25″S
52:Ranco Lake
2869:Corcovado
2789:Lonquimay
2749:Calabozos
2734:Tupungato
2711:Incahuasi
2676:Lastarria
2656:Chiliques
2496:Sabancaya
2476:Sara Sara
2393:Pichincha
2328:Paipa-Iza
1886:, Chile.
1773:134905257
1625:. Actas.
1450:H. Moreno
1396:fumaroles
1350:Bariloche
1280:Bariloche
1058:7 January
870:primitive
784:Río Llico
711:does not
678:years ago
628:tree line
557:coalesced
543:Geography
505:Bariloche
466:fumaroles
443:rhyolites
436:primitive
223:2011–2012
200:Volcanic
155:Río Bueno
142:Geography
74:Elevation
2937:Fueguino
2922:Aguilera
2874:Mentolat
2784:Callaqui
2621:Zapaleri
2551:Yucamane
2546:Tutupaca
2516:Chachani
2486:Coropuna
2481:Solimana
2423:Quilotoa
2418:Cotopaxi
2413:Illiniza
2398:Antisana
2090:Archived
2044:Archived
1964:Archived
1940:Archived
1903:Archived
1640:25 April
1614:(1994).
1410:See also
1259:effusive
1014:A small
950:Valdivia
913:Holocene
790:a large
769:Tronador
740:May 2017
682:Pliocene
578:tectonic
537:arrieros
485:rhyolite
428:calderas
412:fracture
389:Pliocene
353:volcanic
229:Climbing
147:Location
2912:Lautaro
2864:Chaitén
2844:Calbuco
2779:Copahue
2696:Peinado
2681:Lazufre
2666:Socompa
2571:Taapaca
2541:Ticsani
2383:Cayambe
2373:Azufral
2368:Galeras
2333:Romeral
2272:28 June
2172:12 June
1890:. 2008.
1833:"Flora"
1559:Bibcode
1464:Bibcode
1404:sulfate
1400:aquifer
1320:caldera
1206:erupted
1044:6 March
850:bimodal
823:dacitic
732:removed
717:sources
574:caldera
551:in the
439:basalts
406:of the
385:caldera
363:in the
259:Puyehue
183:Geology
159:Puyehue
131:Puyehue
68:Puyehue
2932:Burney
2927:Reclus
2917:Viedma
2894:Hudson
2854:Huequi
2839:Osorno
2794:Llaima
2774:Antuco
2661:Aracar
2651:Lascar
2641:Pacana
2616:Azufre
2596:Isluga
2566:Tacora
2561:Casiri
2526:Ubinas
2506:Ampato
2471:Firura
2443:Sangay
2378:Chiles
2358:Puracé
2238:7 July
2216:7 July
2194:7 July
2146:9 June
2120:9 June
2070:7 July
1996:7 July
1771:
1231:tephra
1214:Chiloé
1181:of 2.
1026:24 May
993:4 June
985:Notes
938:Osorno
882:mantle
862:hiatus
835:graben
605:alpine
581:graben
549:massif
533:tephra
501:Osorno
477:dacite
387:, the
357:massif
302:) and
122:Naming
2814:Lanín
2744:Maipo
2691:Galán
2581:Lauca
2521:Misti
2408:Soche
2403:Aliso
2012:OVDAS
1990:(PDF)
1983:(PDF)
1915:OVDAS
1769:S2CID
1722:(PDF)
1697:(PDF)
1634:(PDF)
1619:(PDF)
1524:(PDF)
1517:(PDF)
1284:ONEMI
1255:steam
1210:Talca
958:Mocho
837:with
773:Lanín
599:Flora
527:near
381:PCCVC
365:Andes
177:Andes
163:Chile
2884:Macá
2274:2021
2240:2011
2218:2011
2196:2011
2174:2011
2148:2011
2122:2011
2072:2011
1998:2011
1948:2018
1913:and
1849:2009
1642:2009
1591:link
1587:link
1500:link
1394:and
1360:and
1304:cone
1248:and
1229:and
1146:1759
1133:1893
1120:1905
1106:1914
1093:1919
1069:1921
1055:1929
1041:1934
1023:1960
1006:1990
990:2011
977:Date
974:Year
786:and
771:and
715:any
713:cite
662:and
640:and
620:and
483:and
464:and
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