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610:
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1129:
51:
625:. However, five elements are needed for an explosion to occur: oxygen, an ignition source, coal dust, dispersion of the coal dust, and confinement of the dust. For instance, a nearly empty coal store is a greater explosion risk than a full one. This is due to the increase of space in the store for oxygen and dispersion to take place.
564:
Coal dust is a fugitive combustible dust - a dust that is both a pollutant and combustible when dispersed into the air. Due to the small particle size and combustible nature of this dust, there is a risk of an explosion and inhalation. The control of coal dust is difficult due to the coal dust being
700:
For safe handling/storage of coal dust, the dust must be controlled, maintained, and protected properly. With the presence of coal dust within multiple industries, such as: mining, energy generation, and concrete production, different approaches are necessary. However, a common procedure to undergo
737:
It is always the best practice to maintain a clean workplace and control any hazardous material, especially with a fugitive combustible dust such as coal dust. Many explosions from combustible dust are due to accumulation on walls, floors, and other surfaces. The accumulation of uncontrolled coal
766:
dust, which absorbs thermal energy from the heated gasses. Rock dusting has been used since the early 1900s, but there have been technological improvements since then. Since then, NIOSH developed a Coal Dust
Explosibility Meter (CDEM) to test the mixture between coal and rock dust in mines. This
746:
To prevent explosions, it is best to promote and execute good hygiene practices in the workplace by controlling both the coal dust and any possible ignition sources. Some ignition sources that may need to be controlled or used carefully around coal dust includes heavy machinery, electrical
738:
dust in a workplace is a dangerous situation that needs to be eliminated. The control of coal dust can be improved by implementing the use of dust-approved vacuums, dust collection systems, methods to reduce fugitive coal dust, and following general housekeeping procedures.
591:
Stages of a coal dust explosion. Top, Beginning stage of a propagating coal dust explosion. Middle, The flame front appears behind the shock wave. Bottom, The cycle continues with the shock wave lifting coal dust and the lagging flame front igniting and propagating the
556:. Pulverized coal is a significant dust explosion hazard, as large quantities are suspended in air for transfer from the mill to the power plant. Explosions have occurred when the flow drops and flames in the burning chamber pass back along the ductwork delivering fuel.
513:
equipment. It poses the acute hazard of forming an explosive mixture in air and the chronic hazard of causing pulmonary illness in people who inhale excessive quantities of it.
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Grinding or pulverizing coal to a dust form before combusting it improves the speed and efficiency of burning, which makes the coal easier to handle. However, coal dust is
701:
is the three C's: contain, capture, and clean. Following this procedure can help prevent unnecessary inhalation or explosions from occurring if following correctly.
572:
Dust explosion pentagon showing the needed elements for an explosion: Oxygen, Combustible dust, Dispersion of dust, Confinement of dust, and an
Ignition Source.
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of which raised coal dust from the floor of the mine galleries to make an explosive mixture. The problem was investigated by
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components, and open flames or sparks. The main attempts at preventing explosions due to coal dust include using
520:. The British slang term for cheap fuel consisting of coal dust (slack) containing small lumps of coal (nuts) is
187:
17:
751:, adding stone dust coffers to mine galleries to dilute the coal dust, watering workings and ensuring efficient
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860:"NIOSH Document: Technology News 515 - Float Coal Dust Explosion Hazards, Pub No.: 2006-125 | CDC/NIOSH"
692:. Government agencies in the United States have set exposure limit guidelines for coal dust inhalation.
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such a fine particle, allowing it to escape and be suspended in the air for a large amount of time.
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Note: Peat is considered a precursor to coal. Graphite is only technically considered a coal type.
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729:(REL) of 1 mg/m (measured by MSHA) or 0.9 mg/m (measured by ISO/CEN/ACGIH) over an 8-hour workday.
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field testing process allows miners to gauge the explosibility of their work environment.
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to workers if it is suspended in air outside the controlled environment of grinding and
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disaster in
Germany, which claimed 299 lives in 1962, and the worst: the explosion at
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1008:"Coal Dust Explosibility Meter Evaluation and Recommendations for Application"
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656:, China, which killed 1,549 in 1942. Such accidents were usually initiated by
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The distribution of the particle-size of coal dust is frequently measured in
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Harteis, SP; Alexander, DW; Harris, ML; Sapko, M; Weiss, ES (2016-11-01).
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rock. Because of the brittle nature of coal, coal dust can be created by
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per unit weight than lumps of coal, and is more susceptible to
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Coal dust suspended in air is explosive—coal dust has far more
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487:
242:
209:
688:, is caused by inhaling coal dust, typically dust produced in
613:
Coal miner spraying rock dust to mitigate coal dust in a mine.
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717:) for coal dust exposure in the workplace as 2.4 mg/m (5% SiO
317:
984:"Review of Rock Dusting Practices in Underground Coal Mines"
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form of coal which is created by the crushing, grinding, or
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U.S. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
934:"CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Coal dust"
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in
Northern France which killed 1,099 miners in 1906, the
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of 1844, but their conclusions were ignored at the time.
307:
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912:"Causes of accidental explosions in the 19th century"
758:
Another means of preventing explosions is by placing
723:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1396:
Health and environmental impact of the coal industry
1386:
Environmental justice and coal mining in
Appalachia
536:, coal is ground into dust using a device called a
1460:
762:in the coal mine, which is usually pulverized
502:, transporting, or mechanically handling it.
1055:
711:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
464:
959:"Controlling Fugitive Combustible Coal Dust"
605:illustration of the Courrières mine disaster
832:"Hazard Alert: Combustible Dust Explosions"
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471:
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263:Coal mining disasters in the United States
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644:in 1913 in which 439 miners died, the
1354:mining disasters in the United States
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632:in history have been caused by coal
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24:
1381:Environmental issues in Appalachia
1035:Mining Topic: Explosion Prevention
25:
1500:
1028:
877:
817:
1127:
713:(OSHA) has set the legal limit (
704:
684:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis, or
540:. The resulting product, called
278:Environmental problems involving
49:
741:
1000:
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950:
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721:) over an 8-hour workday. The
548:, is then generally used in a
13:
1:
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576:
862:. 2008-10-07. Archived from
787:Pulverized coal-fired boiler
7:
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10:
1505:
1401:Health effects of coal ash
1209:power in the United States
732:
727:Recommended exposure limit
715:Permissible exposure limit
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27:Fine-powdered form of coal
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1304:
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398:Coal pollution mitigation
293:coal mining in Appalachia
1271:Greenhouse gas emissions
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646:Courrières mine disaster
298:Greenhouse gas emissions
91:Coal-fired power station
86:Coal combustion products
1431:Problems in coal mining
914:. The Royal Institution
550:fossil fuel power plant
355:Problems in coal mining
1406:History of coal mining
811:Engineering Dictionary
782:Coal-water slurry fuel
638:disaster at Senghenydd
623:spontaneous combustion
614:
606:
593:
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554:electricity generation
433:History of coal mining
328:the petroleum industry
195:Coal preparation plant
1484:Occupational diseases
1261:Fossil fuel phase-out
1159:Black coal equivalent
755:of all the workings.
674:Haswell County Durham
612:
599:
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418:Fossil fuel phase-out
1266:Great Smog of London
1199:pollution mitigation
957:POWER (2013-01-01).
807:"Powdered Coal Mill"
428:Great Smog of London
1184:fired power station
1179:combustion products
1104:Sub-bituminous coal
1081:(lowest to highest)
1078:Coal types by grade
672:at the colliery at
532:For use in thermal
1319:Black lung disease
1296:Toxic heavy metals
1276:Metallurgical coal
725:(NIOSH) has set a
686:black lung disease
615:
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594:
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538:powdered coal mill
423:Fossil fuels lobby
345:Hydrosulfuric acid
333:toxic heavy metals
253:Black lung disease
215:Metallurgical coal
173:Coal-mining region
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1214:preparation plant
1149:Asian brown cloud
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528:Energy generation
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238:Asian brown cloud
16:(Redirected from
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1411:Hydrogen sulfide
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630:mining accidents
602:Le Petit Journal
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650:Luisenthal Mine
634:dust explosions
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1436:Refined coal
1349:liquefaction
1323:
1241:Energy value
1014:. Retrieved
1002:
991:. Retrieved
987:
977:
966:. Retrieved
962:
952:
941:. Retrieved
937:
928:
916:. Retrieved
906:
895:. Retrieved
892:www.nfpa.org
891:
868:. Retrieved
864:the original
854:
842:. Retrieved
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749:safety lamps
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619:surface area
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534:power plants
531:
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483:
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408:Energy lobby
303:human health
257:
136:South Africa
60:Economic use
1479:Mine safety
1306:Coal mining
1256:Fossil fuel
938:www.cdc.gov
918:8 September
777:Coal burner
753:ventilation
690:coal mining
642:South Wales
522:nutty slack
443:War on coal
413:Fossil fuel
273:Coal slurry
268:Coal refuse
205:Coke (fuel)
153:Coal mining
1463:Categories
1329:Coalfields
1114:Anthracite
993:2019-03-11
968:2023-04-10
943:2015-11-27
897:2023-04-10
870:2023-04-11
793:References
742:Explosions
696:Prevention
680:Inhalation
662:shock wave
628:The worst
592:explosion.
577:Explosions
511:combustion
486:is a fine-
283:Appalachia
188:in the USA
178:Coal power
168:in the USA
71:Anthracite
1441:Whitedamp
1426:Peak coal
1421:Outbursts
1324:Coal dust
1314:Blackdamp
1219:seam fire
1194:phase-out
813:. EngNet.
764:limestone
760:rock dust
507:hazardous
484:Coal dust
438:Peak coal
360:Whitedamp
350:Outbursts
258:Coal dust
248:Blackdamp
163:in the UK
106:Australia
1391:Firedamp
1246:Flue gas
1169:Charcoal
1144:Ash pond
1119:Graphite
771:See also
658:firedamp
488:powdered
388:Coal oil
340:Firedamp
288:coal ash
233:Ash pond
200:Coal tar
183:in China
158:in Chile
96:Coal gas
81:Charcoal
35:a series
33:Part of
1489:Powders
1251:Fly ash
1099:Lignite
1016:9 April
844:9 April
733:Hygiene
560:Hazards
146:Ukraine
101:Coal in
66:Ammonia
1369:slurry
1364:refuse
1236:Coking
1154:Asthma
500:mining
243:Asthma
210:Coking
141:Turkey
131:Russia
126:Poland
116:Europe
111:Canada
1089:Xylit
1011:(PDF)
835:(PDF)
318:smoke
121:India
1474:Dust
1469:Coal
1374:town
1334:Coal
1286:Smog
1231:Coke
1174:Coal
1164:Char
1094:Peat
1071:Coal
1018:2023
920:2020
846:2023
839:OSHA
709:The
668:and
552:for
518:mesh
496:coal
313:smog
43:Coal
1339:gas
1281:NOx
1224:tar
1189:gas
640:in
544:or
494:of
308:NOx
1465::
986:.
961:.
936:.
890:.
879:^
837:.
819:^
809:.
524:.
37:on
1063:e
1056:t
1049:v
1020:.
996:.
971:.
946:.
922:.
900:.
873:.
848:.
719:2
472:e
465:t
458:v
20:)
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