54:
31:
356:. The linear sequence of Christenhusz et al. (2011), intended for compatibility with the classification of Chase and Reveal (2009) which placed all land plants in Equisetopsida, made it a member of subclass
360:, equivalent to Smith's Psilotopsida. The placement of Psilotales in subclass Ophioglossidae has subsequently been followed in the classifications of Christenhusz and Chase (2014) and PPG I (2016).
291:
which have no vascular tissue except for a small bundle at the base. These are almost peg-like, stubby and are generally not considered true leaves, though they likely evolved from them. Members of
276:
of
Psilotaceae are located in this rhizome system, and they aid in a plant's nutrient absorption through the soil. This is primarily achieved through
873:
367:
has been placed in its own family, Tmesipteridaceae, but this has not been maintained in the system of Smith et al. and later classifications.
899:
340:
In the molecular phylogenetic classification of Smith et al. in 2006, Psilotales, containing the single family
Psilotaceae comprising
821:
886:
834:
891:
761:
454:
453:
Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald; Wolf, Paul G. (August 2006).
643:
979:
308:
of
Psilotaceae are fused together into small and distinctive yellow balls called synangia (shown in the picture of
904:
860:
953:
974:
241:, consists of small shrubby plants of the dry tropics commonly known as "whisk ferns". The other genus,
385:
53:
948:
813:
787:
498:
839:
914:
312:
above). These synangia are located off the stems of the plants. They contain two sporangia each in
502:
808:
662:
123:
1020:
940:
782:
673:
935:
878:
711:
927:
1015:
800:
733:
8:
774:
987:
795:
611:
586:
477:
329:
48:
922:
720:
639:
616:
570:
553:
268:
without any true roots. Rather, the plants are anchored by an underground system of
992:
606:
598:
565:
545:
527:
519:
469:
433:
397:
321:
725:
549:
222:
206:
191:
402:
357:
349:
265:
218:
108:
78:
40:
523:
287:
Psilotaceae do not have leaves. Some species have leaf-like structures called
1009:
696:
258:
966:
634:
K. U. Kramer (1990). "Psilotaceae". In Kramer, K. U.; Green, P. S. (eds.).
620:
353:
847:
705:
602:
503:"A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns"
386:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
298:
293:
277:
273:
254:
233:
186:
160:
481:
554:"A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III"
531:
305:
281:
438:
421:
852:
769:
746:
510:
473:
250:
865:
826:
667:
422:"A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns"
961:
690:
246:
227:
210:
180:
153:
751:
383:
288:
269:
585:
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Chase, Mark W. (13 February 2014).
419:
738:
325:
205:
Once thought to be descendants of early vascular plants (the
65:
452:
175:
98:
88:
30:
501:; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (18 February 2011).
497:
190:
with about a dozen species. It is the only family in the
493:
491:
217:
have been shown by molecular phylogenetics to be ferns (
578:
488:
638:. Vol. I. Berlin: Springer Verlag. p. 22.
377:
420:The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016).
584:
384:Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016).
178:(class Polypodiopsida) consisting of two genera,
1007:
297:may appear to have leaves, but these are really
446:
633:
587:"Trends and concepts in fern classification"
544:
636:The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
29:
610:
569:
437:
401:
558:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1008:
415:
413:
672:
671:
316:species, and three sporangia each in
980:56a5622e-6a38-4876-97a8-ba62e15ff6ec
915:df2d3c62-0f88-4722-a509-ad3c3e7027da
762:47df0e0d-ee40-4ebc-a6ab-31dd6f30dea2
426:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
455:"A classification for extant ferns"
410:
280:feeding on organic soil matter and
13:
954:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30213386-2
225:. The family contains two genera,
14:
1032:
656:
335:
571:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x
52:
264:All members of Psilotaceae are
663:Introduction to the Psilotales
627:
538:
396:(3). Magnolia Press: 201–217.
200:
1:
370:
221:), and a sister group of the
348:, was placed with the order
7:
499:Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.
10:
1037:
403:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
680:
524:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2
324:nourishes the developing
149:
144:
49:Scientific classification
47:
37:
28:
23:
139:J.W. Griff. & Henfr.
272:. The small, stem-like
301:, or flattened stems.
936:Paleobiology Database
759:Euro+Med PlantBase:
330:eusporangiate ferns
328:, as is typical of
237:. The first genus,
603:10.1093/aob/mct299
332:like Psilotaceae.
1003:
1002:
923:Open Tree of Life
674:Taxon identifiers
439:10.1111/jse.12229
320:species. A thick
169:
168:
140:
126:
1028:
996:
995:
983:
982:
970:
969:
957:
956:
944:
943:
931:
930:
918:
917:
908:
907:
895:
894:
882:
881:
869:
868:
856:
855:
843:
842:
830:
829:
817:
816:
804:
803:
791:
790:
778:
777:
765:
764:
755:
754:
742:
741:
729:
728:
716:
715:
714:
701:
700:
699:
669:
668:
650:
649:
631:
625:
624:
614:
591:Annals of Botany
582:
576:
575:
573:
552:(October 2009).
550:Reveal, James L.
542:
536:
535:
507:
495:
486:
485:
474:10.2307/25065646
459:
450:
444:
443:
441:
417:
408:
407:
405:
381:
138:
122:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
991:
986:
978:
973:
965:
960:
952:
947:
939:
934:
926:
921:
913:
911:
903:
898:
890:
885:
877:
872:
864:
859:
851:
846:
838:
833:
825:
820:
812:
807:
799:
794:
786:
781:
773:
768:
760:
758:
750:
745:
737:
732:
724:
719:
710:
709:
704:
695:
694:
689:
676:
659:
654:
653:
646:
632:
628:
583:
579:
543:
539:
505:
496:
489:
457:
451:
447:
418:
411:
382:
378:
373:
338:
266:vascular plants
223:Ophioglossaceae
203:
174:is a family of
137:
121:
51:
17:
16:Family of ferns
12:
11:
5:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
993:wfo-7000000502
984:
971:
958:
945:
932:
919:
909:
896:
883:
870:
857:
844:
831:
818:
805:
792:
779:
766:
756:
743:
730:
717:
702:
686:
684:
678:
677:
666:
665:
658:
657:External links
655:
652:
651:
644:
626:
597:(4): 571–594.
577:
564:(2): 122–127.
546:Chase, Mark W.
537:
487:
468:(3): 705–731.
445:
432:(6): 563–603.
409:
375:
374:
372:
369:
358:Ophioglossidae
350:Ophioglossales
337:
336:Classification
334:
284:interactions.
219:Polypodiopsida
202:
199:
167:
166:
165:
164:
157:
147:
146:
142:
141:
132:
128:
127:
116:
112:
111:
109:Ophioglossidae
106:
102:
101:
99:Polypodiopsida
96:
92:
91:
89:Polypodiophyta
86:
82:
81:
76:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
41:Psilotum nudum
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1033:
1022:
1021:Fern families
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
994:
989:
985:
981:
976:
972:
968:
963:
959:
955:
950:
946:
942:
937:
933:
929:
924:
920:
916:
910:
906:
901:
897:
893:
888:
884:
880:
875:
871:
867:
862:
858:
854:
849:
845:
841:
836:
832:
828:
823:
819:
815:
810:
806:
802:
797:
793:
789:
784:
780:
776:
771:
767:
763:
757:
753:
748:
744:
740:
735:
731:
727:
722:
718:
713:
707:
703:
698:
692:
688:
687:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
664:
661:
660:
647:
645:3-540-51794-4
641:
637:
630:
622:
618:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
581:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
541:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:
504:
500:
494:
492:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
456:
449:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
416:
414:
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
380:
376:
368:
366:
361:
359:
355:
352:in the class
351:
347:
343:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
295:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
259:New Caledonia
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:
230:
229:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
198:
196:
193:
189:
188:
183:
182:
177:
173:
163:
162:
158:
156:
155:
151:
150:
148:
143:
136:
133:
130:
129:
125:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:Tracheophytes
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
43:
42:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
681:
635:
629:
594:
590:
580:
561:
557:
540:
515:
509:
465:
461:
448:
429:
425:
393:
389:
379:
364:
363:In the past
362:
354:Psilotopsida
345:
341:
339:
317:
313:
309:
303:
299:phylloclades
292:
286:
278:saprotrophic
274:gametophytes
263:
242:
238:
232:
226:
214:
204:
194:
185:
179:
171:
170:
159:
152:
134:
118:
72:
39:
24:Psilotaceae
18:
1016:Psilotaceae
848:iNaturalist
801:Psilotaceae
712:Psilotaceae
706:Wikispecies
682:Psilotaceae
532:10138/28042
365:Tmesipteris
346:Tmesipteris
314:Tmesipteris
294:Tmesipteris
282:mycorrhizal
255:New Zealand
243:Tmesipteris
234:Tmesipteris
215:Psilotaceae
201:Description
187:Tmesipteris
172:Psilotaceae
161:Tmesipteris
135:Psilotaceae
38:Closeup of
1010:Categories
866:30213386-2
371:References
207:Psilophyta
195:Psilotales
119:Psilotales
105:Subclass:
85:Division:
770:FloraBase
511:Phytotaxa
390:Phytotaxa
306:sporangia
251:Australia
249:found in
213:period),
62:Kingdom:
975:VicFlora
967:42000408
962:Tropicos
691:Wikidata
621:24532607
518:: 7–54.
482:25065646
342:Psilotum
318:Psilotum
310:P. nudum
289:enations
270:rhizomes
247:epiphyte
245:, is an
239:Psilotum
228:Psilotum
211:Devonian
181:Psilotum
154:Psilotum
131:Family:
697:Q500230
612:3936591
322:tapetum
209:of the
145:Genera
115:Order:
95:Class:
66:Plantae
928:769689
912:NZOR:
879:114332
642:
619:
609:
480:
326:spores
257:, and
124:Prantl
941:54751
892:17005
874:IRMNG
853:64670
814:10738
796:FoAO2
788:10738
775:22928
752:1PSIF
506:(PDF)
478:JSTOR
462:Taxon
458:(PDF)
192:order
176:ferns
73:Clade
949:POWO
905:3238
900:NCBI
887:ITIS
861:IPNI
840:1213
835:GRIN
827:6630
822:GBIF
747:EPPO
739:4493
640:ISBN
617:PMID
344:and
304:The
231:and
184:and
988:WFO
809:FoC
783:FNA
734:EoL
726:FB8
721:CoL
607:PMC
599:doi
595:113
566:doi
562:161
528:hdl
520:doi
470:doi
434:doi
398:doi
394:261
1012::
990::
977::
964::
951::
938::
925::
902::
889::
876::
863::
850::
837::
824::
811::
798::
785::
772::
749::
736::
723::
708::
693::
615:.
605:.
593:.
589:.
560:.
556:.
548:;
526:.
516:19
514:.
508:.
490:^
476:.
466:55
464:.
460:.
430:54
428:.
424:.
412:^
392:.
388:.
261:.
253:,
197:.
75::
648:.
623:.
601::
574:.
568::
534:.
530::
522::
484:.
472::
442:.
436::
406:.
400::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
