448:
77:
52:
950:
33:
465:
The species is naturally found on all the main
Hawaiian Islands. Known locally as Moa because of its chicken feet like stems, the Hawaiians collected large quantities of the spores and used them like talcum powder, under the loincloth to prevent chafing. The spores were also used medicinally as a
466:
purge. Children would play a game called 'moa nahele' or cockfighting with the branch stems. Twigs of the Moa were interlocked and the players pulled on the ends. The loser's twig broke and the winner crowed like a rooster. The species is still often used in making traditional
Hawaiian leis.
469:
Its common name, whisk fern, alludes to its use in the past as a small broom, made by tying a handful of its branches together. It is sometimes found in cultivation (either accidentally, as a weed in greenhouses, or deliberately, in the form of a number of cultivars).
396:
is found in tropical Africa, Central
America, tropical and subtropical North America, South America, tropical Asia, Australia, Hawaii, southern Japan, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, with a few isolated populations in SW Europe ("Los Alcornocales",
353:, means "bare naked" in Latin, because it lacks (or seems to lack) most of the organs of typical vascular plants, as a result of evolutionary reduction. (Note that leaves are not actually absent, but greatly reduced.)
618:
Cooke, Todd J; Poli, DorothyBelle; Cohen, Jerry D (2003). "Did auxin play a crucial role in the evolution of novel body plans during the Late
Silurian-Early Devonian radiation of land plants?".
436:
The plant, which grows wild in southern Japan, was once much cultivated in
Japanese gardens as an ornamental plant. Slightly over 100 garden varieties were given fantastic names. Called
424:, whilst in more temperate areas, such as south-eastern Australia, it is usually found growing in rock crevices. Thousands of people per day walk by these plants at the
1234:
1413:
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850:
898:
1304:
1516:
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381:. The rhizome in turn will eventually produce greatly reduced leaves instead of roots. These processes are heavily influenced by
1335:
682:
780:
639:
1664:
1252:
792:
Rouffa, A. (1971) "An
Appendageless Psilotum. Introduction to Aerial Shoot Morphology." American Fern Society 61(2), 75-86
1122:
1107:
533:
1659:
719:
1444:
1654:
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1221:
954:
1639:
1439:
1340:
1570:
1405:
565:
Friedman, William E.; Moore, Richard C.; Purugganan, Michael D. (2004). "The evolution of plant development".
1174:
1148:
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76:
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174:
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8:
1379:
491:
195:
41:
1017:
754:
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922:
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812:
631:
455:
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203:
71:
1418:
1361:
1068:
927:
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antibacterial and antifungal properties of aqueous and non-aqueous frond extracts of
776:
758:
715:
635:
600:
592:
580:
1135:
447:
1596:
1457:
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917:
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1508:
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410:
1374:
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is an unusual example of a weed because it is both nonflowering and rootless.
1613:
1260:
1112:
762:
596:
500:
191:
61:
56:
1317:
912:
1583:
1431:
931:
604:
588:
1353:
440:("pine-needle orchid") in Japanese, it was one of the noble plants in the
1273:
1208:
1000:
362:
141:
131:
1521:
1187:
441:
366:
343:
1213:
1130:
1094:
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421:
962:
542:
World Ferns. Synonymic
Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora
1578:
1478:
1426:
1299:
985:
801:
Gardener's
Chronicle (August 13, 1887 ) pp. 190-191. 120 varieties.
623:
378:
151:
1547:
1226:
1099:
402:
1312:
370:
875:
1086:
949:
833:
473:
It may prove to be a good source of antimicrobial chemicals.
398:
382:
88:
775:
Les
Robinson - Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney,
694:
Atlas y Libro Rojo de la Flora
Vascular Amenazada de España
406:
339:
121:
111:
32:
853:. Union County College Biology Department. Archived from
564:
489:
560:
558:
735:Baker, Herbert G (1974). "The Evolution of Weeds".
555:
1611:
611:
705:
703:
617:
876:Dolly Rani; P. B. Khare; P. K. Dantu (2010).
714:(1st ed.). Kangaroo Press. p. 27.
709:
527:
525:
523:
342:plant. Like the other species in the order
838:. University of Hawai‘i Press. p. 248.
700:
786:
50:
31:
921:
911:
899:Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
834:Mary Kawena Pukui; Samuel Elbert (1986).
728:
675:
520:
16:Species of fern in the family Psilotaceae
848:
842:
738:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
446:
361:The embryo has only two parts, a distal
490:Bárrios, S. & Copeland, A. (2021).
431:
420:In tropical areas, this plant is often
1612:
967:
966:
734:
710:Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip (1989).
653:
651:
1558:46d2afd6-c83e-4138-8fc4-fa0a92939a20
1445:32bef67f-658b-4aa7-b961-820975829c56
1328:4abe1ee5-ecff-40c0-96ab-4a9e16312f23
1123:7de7a5b7-c62f-44e5-98f3-4604ff9e99f2
810:
804:
712:Native plants of the Sydney District
1620:IUCN Red List least concern species
755:10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.000245
531:
501:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
483:
13:
648:
14:
1686:
942:
620:The Evolution of Plant Physiology
1571:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147496-2
1406:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:212103-2
948:
815:. University of Hawai`i at Manoa
632:10.1016/b978-012339552-8/50006-8
373:without roots, possibly because
75:
869:
827:
795:
388:
769:
356:
1:
476:
577:Botanical Society of America
369:. The shoot apex produces a
7:
1665:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
836:Hawaiian-English Dictionary
245:Bernhardia novae-hollandiae
10:
1691:
568:American Journal of Botany
1468:
975:
405:province). Although most
209:
202:
180:
173:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1660:Plants described in 1753
377:and relatives are often
309:Psilotum novae-zelandiae
913:10.4103/0250-474X.84606
508:: e.T18821051A192161425
1655:Flora of tropical Asia
892:Nephrolepis cordifolia
668:Flora of North America
589:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1726
462:
1640:Ferns of the Americas
888:Nephrolepis biserrata
450:
301:Psilotum heterocarpum
213:Bernhardia antillarum
1120:Euro+Med PlantBase:
959:at Wikimedia Commons
432:Cultivation and uses
285:Psilotum flabellatum
253:Bernhardia oahuensis
237:Bernhardia dichotoma
626:. pp. 85–107.
317:Psilotum triquetrum
293:Psilotum floridanum
277:Psilotum domingense
240:Willd. ex Bernh.
229:Bernhardia deppeana
221:Bernhardia capensis
42:Conservation status
857:on 15 October 2010
532:Hassler, Michael.
463:
456:Sydney Opera House
426:Sydney Opera House
346:, it lacks roots.
261:Hoffmannia aphylla
1607:
1606:
1362:Open Tree of Life
969:Taxon identifiers
953:Media related to
781:978-0-7318-1211-0
641:978-0-12-339552-8
327:
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1682:
1650:Ferns of Oceania
1600:
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1587:
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1551:
1550:
1538:
1537:
1525:
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1499:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1470:Lycopodium nudum
1461:
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487:
411:flowering plants
385:concentrations.
319:
311:
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295:
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279:
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269:Lycopodium nudum
263:
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59:
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53:
35:
21:
20:
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1645:Ferns of Europe
1630:Ferns of Africa
1610:
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1349:Observation.org
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1199:
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1067:
1059:
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1049:
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1036:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1016:
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1005:
1004:
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989:
984:
971:
945:
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939:
874:
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858:
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843:
832:
828:
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787:
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733:
729:
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689:
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365:and a proximal
359:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1597:wfo-0001110642
1588:
1575:
1562:
1552:
1539:
1526:
1513:
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1458:wfo-0001109597
1449:
1436:
1423:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1371:
1358:
1345:
1332:
1322:
1309:
1305:Psilotum~nudum
1296:
1283:
1270:
1257:
1244:
1231:
1218:
1205:
1192:
1179:
1166:
1162:Psilotum nudum
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1140:
1127:
1117:
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1091:
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1065:
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1007:Psilotum nudum
997:
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977:Psilotum nudum
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961:
960:
956:Psilotum nudum
944:
943:External links
941:
938:
937:
906:(6): 818–822.
884:Psilotum nudum
868:
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747:Annual Reviews
727:
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699:
685:Psilotum nudum
674:
661:Psilotum nudum
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583:): 1726–1741.
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536:Psilotum nudum
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494:Psilotum nudum
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452:Psilotum nudum
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331:Psilotum nudum
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248:Müll.Berol.
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122:Polypodiopsida
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112:Polypodiophyta
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68:
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25:Psilotum nudum
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1670:Garden plants
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1635:Ferns of Asia
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893:
889:
885:
881:
872:
856:
852:
849:Ombrello, T.
845:
837:
830:
814:
813:"Psilotaceae"
807:
798:
789:
782:
778:
772:
764:
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756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:
731:
723:
721:0-86417-261-3
717:
713:
706:
704:
696:(in Spanish).
695:
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444:(1603–1867).
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175:Binomial name
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166:P. nudum
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57:Least Concern
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26:
22:
19:
1469:
1380:tro-26602814
976:
955:
903:
897:
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859:. Retrieved
855:the original
844:
835:
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817:. Retrieved
806:
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771:
742:
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693:
684:
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545:. Retrieved
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510:. Retrieved
505:
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451:
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389:Distribution
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165:
164:
152:
95:
24:
18:
1625:Psilotaceae
1274:NatureServe
1209:iNaturalist
1001:Wikispecies
428:forecourt.
357:Development
142:Psilotaceae
1614:Categories
1375:Plant List
1058:Calflora:
851:"Psilotum"
477:References
442:Edo period
438:matsubaran
363:shoot apex
349:Its name,
344:Psilotales
336:whisk fern
304:Colenso
256:K.Mull.
232:K.Mull.
224:K.Mull.
216:K.Mull.
132:Psilotales
108:Division:
1675:Epiphytes
1485:Q21976246
1175:200002872
1149:200002872
1131:FloraBase
811:Carr, G.
763:0066-4162
597:0002-9122
460:Australia
422:epiphytic
379:epiphytes
296:Michx.
264:Willd.
160:Species:
85:Kingdom:
1584:26604145
1579:Tropicos
1548:147496-2
1479:Wikidata
1440:VicFlora
1432:26602814
1427:Tropicos
1300:NSWFlora
1279:2.129404
1266:18821051
1240:11117839
1227:212103-2
992:Q1197925
986:Wikidata
932:21969763
880:In vitro
783:page 303
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624:Elsevier
605:21652320
415:P. nudum
394:P. nudum
375:P. nudum
340:fernlike
312:Gand.
288:Gand.
280:Gand.
204:Synonyms
196:P.Beauv.
153:Psilotum
138:Family:
62:IUCN 3.1
1522:3991700
1313:NTFlora
1188:2688176
923:3178992
861:1 April
819:1 April
454:at the
371:rhizome
338:, is a
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
89:Plantae
60: (
1555:NZOR:
1509:196249
1496:183520
1493:APDB:
1419:3638-1
1388:PLANTS
1367:144810
1354:135994
1325:NZOR:
1214:167517
1113:150525
1087:599703
1038:183517
1035:APDB:
1015:AoFP:
930:
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547:19 May
512:19 May
334:, the
320:Sw.
1535:22971
1414:SANBI
1336:NZPCN
1253:17008
1235:IRMNG
1201:30219
1157:FoAO2
1108:EUNIS
1100:QSINU
1074:4PJWW
1061:10674
1051:88129
1025:APA:
745:(1).
690:(PDF)
581:Wiley
407:weeds
403:Cádiz
399:Spain
383:auxin
272:L.
96:Clade
1566:POWO
1543:IPNI
1530:GRIN
1517:GBIF
1504:APNI
1401:POWO
1393:PSNU
1341:2229
1318:5087
1292:3240
1287:NCBI
1261:IUCN
1248:ITIS
1222:IPNI
1196:GRIN
1183:GBIF
1095:EPPO
1046:APNI
1028:5252
1018:2108
928:PMID
890:and
863:2010
821:2010
777:ISBN
759:ISSN
716:ISBN
636:ISBN
601:PMID
593:ISSN
549:2022
514:2022
506:2021
409:are
367:foot
1592:WFO
1453:WFO
1170:FoC
1144:FNA
1082:EoL
1069:CoL
918:PMC
908:doi
751:doi
628:doi
585:doi
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