Prithviraj Chauhan

274: 38: 743:. Mahil then secretly informed Prithviraj that Chandela kingdom had become weak in absence of its strongest generals. Prithviraj invaded the Chandela kingdom and besieged Sirsagarh, which was held by Udal's cousin Malkhan. After failing to win over Malkhan through peaceful methods and losing eight generals, Prithviraj captured the fort. The Chandelas then appealed for a truce, and used this time to recall Alha and Udal from Kannauj. In support of the Chandelas, Jaichand dispatched an army led by his best generals, including two of his own sons. The combined Chandela-Gahadavala army attacked Prithviraj's camp, but was defeated. After his victory, Prithviraj sacked Mahoba. He then dispatched his general Chavand Rai to 1461:(dated 15th century or earlier) states the Ghurids placed Prithviraj in gold chains and brought him to Delhi. Prithviraj reproached the Ghurid king for not following his example of releasing the captured enemy. Some days later, while imprisoned in Ajmer, Prithviraj asked his ex-minister Kaimbasa for his bow-and-arrows to kill Muhammad in the court, which was held in front of the house where he was imprisoned. The treacherous minister supplied him the bow-and-arrows, but secretly informed Muhammad of his plan. As a result, Muhammad did not sit at his usual place, and instead kept a metal statue there. Prithviraj fired an arrow at the statue, breaking it into two. As a punishment, Muhammad had him cast into a pit and 1395:, Prithviraj's minister Kaimbasa and his spear-bearer Pratapasimha were not on good terms. Kaimbasa once complained to king against Pratapasimha, who convinced the king that Kaimbasa was aiding the Ghurids. An angry Prithviraj attempted to kill Kaimbasa with an arrow one night, but ended up killing another man. When his bard Chand Baliddika admonished him, the king dismissed both the bard and the minister. At the time of Ghurid invasion of Delhi, Prithviraj had been sleeping for ten days. When the Ghurids came close, his sister woke him up: Prithviraj tried to flee on a horse, but Kaimbasa helped the Ghurids capture him by telling them about a certain sound that caused his horse to prance. 1255: 2833:, p. 268: "Finally, when his preparations were complete, Muhammad Ghori advanced in AD 1192 with 1,20,000 men to Lahore. From here he continued towards Tarain, the scene of his rout the year before. At the same time, an emissary from Muhammad was sent to Ajmer with a proposal that Prithviraj acknowledged Ghori suzerainty. The proposal was met with contempt by the Chauhan king. Instead, he marched to meet his enemy with a vast army that included cavalry, elephants, and a large body of infantry soldiers. As many as one hundred and fifty Rajput chiefs mustered to his banner" 1882: 752:

die or retire immediately after the Chauhan victory; in fact, he continued ruling as a sovereign nearly a decade after Prithviraj's death. Cynthia Talbot asserts that Prithviraj only raided Jejakabhukti, and Paramardi regained control of his kingdom soon after his departure from Mahoba. Talbot continues that Prithviraj was not able to annex the Chandela territory to his kingdom. Conversely, according to R.B. Singh, it is probable that some part of Chandela territory was annexed by Chahmanas albeit for a short time.

1419:. Sometime later, Prithviraj rebelled against Muhammad, and was killed for treason. This is corroborated by numismatic evidence: some 'horse-and-bullman'-style coins bearing names of both Prithviraj and "Muhammad bin Sam" were issued from the Delhi mint, although another possibility is that the Ghurids initially used Chahamana-style coinage to ensure greater acceptance of their own coinage in the former Chahamana territory. After Prithviraj's death, Muhammad installed the Chahamana prince 1339:, Muhammad assigned a few men to keep the fires in his camp burning at night, while he marched off in another direction with the rest of his army. This gave the Chahamanas an impression that the Ghurid army was still encamped, observing the truce. After reaching several miles away, Muhammad formed four divisions, with 10,000 archers each. He kept the rest of his army in reserve. He ordered the four divisions to launch an attack on the Chahamana camp, and then pretend a retreat. 1404: 979: 1741: 834:, a chief named Abhayada once sought Jagaddeva's permission to attack and rob the wealthy visitors from Sapadalaksha country (the Chahamana territory). In response, Jagaddeva told Abhayada that he had concluded a treaty with Prithviraj with much difficulty. Jaggadeva then threatened to have Abhayada sewn in a donkey's belly if he harassed the people of Sapadalaksha. Historian 906:(husband-selection) ceremony for his daughter, but did not invite Prithviraj. Nevertheless, Prithviraj marched to Kannauj with a hundred warriors and eloped with Samyogita. Two-thirds of his warriors sacrificed their life in fight against the Gahadavala army, allowing him to escape to Delhi with Samyogita. In 3164:

All these wars waged by Prithviraja against his neighbours do not seems to have resulted in any acquisition of territory. He inherited from his predecessors a kingdom which extends upto Hissar and Sirhind in Patial, on the north-west, and Delhi on the north. It was bounded on south by the kingdom of

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by the 15th-century Jain scholar Nayachandra Suri states that after his initial defeat, the Ghurid king raised a fresh army with the support of a neighboring king, and marched to Delhi. Before the battle, he bribed Prithviraj's master of horses and musicians with gold coins. The master of horses had

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Prithviraj had been left without any allies as a result of his wars against the neighbouring Hindu kings. Nevertheless, he managed to gather a large army to counter the Ghurids. Prithviraj successfully marshaled a sizeable army composed of over 100 Rajput rulers, mainly War elephants, cavalrymen and

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inscription states that Bhima's prime minister Jagaddeva Pratihara was "the moon to the lotus-like queens of Prithviraja" (a reference to the belief that the moon-rise causes a day-blooming lotus to close its petals). Since Bhima was a minor at the time, it appears that Jagaddeva led the campaign on

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The exact historicity of this legendary narrative is debatable. The Madanpur inscriptions establish that Prithviraj sacked Mahoba, but historical evidence suggests that his occupation of Chandela territory is either a fabrication by the bards, or did not last long. It is known that Paramardi did not

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Meanwhile Prithviraja III (probably born in c. VS 1223 or 1166 A.D), had asecended the throne of Chauhans of Shakambari-Ajmer as a minor in VS 1234. AD. 1177, upon the death of his father Someshwara. He inherited a kingdom that stretched from Thaneshwar (the famed capital of seventh century emperor

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attributed the success of the Ghurid army to the 10,000 mounted archers which eventually overthrow the "infidel host". However, scholars like Dashratha Sharma and R.B. Singh argue that Ghoris' triumph was more a result of deceitful and treacherous strategies rather than the inherent strength of his

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At dawn, the four divisions of the Ghurid army attacked the Chahamana camp, while Prithviraj was still asleep. After a brief fight, the Ghurid divisions pretended to retreat in accordance with Muhammad's strategy. Prithviraj was thus lured into chasing them, and by the afternoon, the Chahamana army

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The Ghurids also suffered a major defeat at the first battle of Tara'in 587 AH/1191 CE, which could have cost Mu'izz al-Din his life, had it not been for the intervention of a 'Khalji stripling'. The frequency of Mu'izz al-Din dozen or more campaigns also indicates in part their lack of success in

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estimated the strength of Prithviraj's army as 300,000 horses and 3,000 elephants, in addition to a large infantry. This is most likely a gross exaggeration, aimed at emphasizing the scale of the Ghurid victory. Prithviraj wrote a letter to Muhammad of Ghor, promising him no harm if he decided to

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While these accounts seem to exaggerate the number, it is possible that more than two engagements took place between the Ghurids and the Chahamanas during Prithviraj's reign. The early victories mentioned by the Hindu and Jain writers probably refer to Prithviraj's successful repulsion of raids by

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In 1187 A.D he invaded Gujarat but could not gain much success and concluded a peace treaty with Chaulukya Bhima II. It does not appear that Prithviraj enlarged the boundary of his kingdom or achieved conspicuous military victories such as distinguished many Indian kings during the preceding two

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courts, portrays Prithviraj as a great hero. Over time, Prithviraj came to be portrayed as a patriotic Hindu warrior who fought against Muslim enemies. He is remembered as a king whose reign separated the two major epochs of Indian history. The convention of portraying Prithviraj as a Hindu king

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in the process. Prithviraj re-captured Nagor, and defeated and killed Bhima. This is known to be historically false, as the reign of Bhima II lasted nearly half a century after Prithviraj's death. Similarly, historical evidence suggests Bhima II was a child at the time of Someshvara's death, and

2419:, p. 23 :"Between 1182 and 1187, Prithviraj turned his attention towards his ancient rivals, the Solankis of Gujarat. The struggle was long drawn out and it seems that Gujarat ruler, Bhima II who had earlier beatun off an invasion by Ghurid ruler, Muizzuddin, defeated Prithviraj also." 1496:

traveled to Ghazna and tricked Muhammad of Ghor into watching an archery performance by the blind Prithviraj. During this performance, Prithviraj shot the arrow in the direction of Muhammad's voice and killed him. Shortly after, Prithviraj and Chand Bardai killed each other. This is a fictional

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ceremony to proclaim his supremacy. Prithviraj refused to participate in this ceremony, and thus, refused to acknowledge Jaichand as the supreme king. Jaichand's daughter Samyogita fell in love with Prithviraj after hearing about his heroic exploits, and declared that she would marry only him.

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Guhilas of Mewar, and the territories of the Chahamanas of Nadol; who were vassals of the Chaulkya Bhima II, on the east by the kingdoms of the Yaduvanshi of Bayana-sripatha, the Kachchhapaghats of Gwalior and Gahadavals of Kanauj; and on the north west by the kingdoms of Yaminis of Lahore

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trained Prithviraj's horse to prance to drumbeats. The Ghurids attacked the Chahamana camp just before dawn, when Prithviraj was sleeping. Prithviraj tried to escape on his horse, but his musicians sounded the drums. The horse started prancing, and the invaders easily captured Prithviraj.

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centuries. There is no ground to suppose that he was either the most powerful Indian king or the greatest general of his age. The almost contemporary Muslim historians also do not convey any such impression. It is really the romantic tale of Chand Bardai that has cast a spell around him

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claims that after defeating Muhammad for the first time, Prithviraj forced him to apologize to the princes whose territories he had ransacked, before letting him go. Muhammad invaded the Chahamana kingdom seven more times, but was defeated each time. However, his ninth invasion

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The extant inscriptions from Prithviraj's reign are few in number and were not issued by the king himself. Much of the information about him comes from the medieval legendary chronicles. Besides the Muslim accounts of Battles of Tarain, he has been mentioned in several medieval

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dismisses this legend as fiction, because it states that Ichchhini was a daughter of Salakha, while Dharavarsha was the Paramara ruler of Abu at the time. Historian R. B. Singh, on the other hand, believes that Salakha was the head of another Paramara branch at Abu. The

3095:, p. 263: "Minhaz-us-Siraj and Ferishta's accounts state that after he fled the battlefield, Prithviraj was captured and put to death, while the Virudha-vidhi vidhvansa is the only text that asserts that the Chauhan king was killed on the battle-ground of Tarain." 1089:. Prithviraj's chief minister Kadambavasa advised him not to offer any assistance to the rivals of the Ghurids, and to stay away from this conflict. The Chahamanas did not immediately face a Ghurid invasion, because the Chaulukyas of Gujarat defeated Muhammad at the 524:

claims that a man named Pratapa-Simha conspired against the minister, and convinced Prithviraj that the minister was responsible for the repeated Muslim invasions. Both these claims appear to be historically inaccurate, as the much more historically reliable

493:), when Prithviraj was around 11 years old. The last inscription from Someshvara's reign and the first inscription from Prithviraj's reign are both dated to this year. Prithviraj, who was a minor at the time, ascended the throne with his mother as the 792:

provides some details about the Chahamana-Chaulukya struggle. According to it, both Prithviraj and Bhima wanted to marry Ichchhini, the Paramara princess of Abu. Prithviraj's marriage to her led to a rivalry between the two kings. Historian

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to capture Paramardi. According to the various legends, Paramardi either died or retired shortly after the attack. Prithviraj returned to Delhi after appointing Pajjun Rai as the governor of Mahoba. Later, Paramardi's son recaptured Mahoba.

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According to Dasharatha Sharma and R. B. Singh, there might be some historical truth in this legend, as it is mentioned in three different sources. All three sources place the event sometime before Prithviraj's final confrontation with

866:, a text written by his younger brother Prahaladana, describes Prithviraj's night attack on Abu. This attack, according to the text, was a failure for the Chahamanas. It probably happened during the Gujarat campaign of Prithviraj. 511:

Kadambavasa served as the chief minister of the kingdom during this period. He is also known as Kaimasa, Kaimash or Kaimbasa in the folk legends, which describe him as an able administrator and soldier devoted to the young king.

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Ruknud Din Hamza to Prithviraj's court. The envoy tried to convince Prithviraj to "abandon belligerence and pursue the path of rectitude", but was unsuccessful. As a result, Muhammad decided to wage a war against Prithviraj.

727:; he harboured ill-will against Paramardi and instigated the king to go ahead with the attack. Prithviraj defeated Udal's contingent and then left for Delhi. Subsequently, unhappy with Mahil's scheming, Udal and his brother 1239:

Prithviraj did not pursue the retreating Ghurid army, not wanting to invade hostile territory or misjudge Ghori's ambition. He only besieged the Ghurid garrison at Tabarhindah, which surrendered after 13 months of siege.

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gives the number of battles between Muhammad and Prithviraj as 22. It also states that Prithviraj's army defeated the preceding enemy king in a previous battle, in which a subordinate of Prithviraj heroically sacrificed

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Muhammad's original plan was to return to his base after conquering Tabarhindah, but when he heard about Prithviraj's march, he decided to put up a fight. He set out with an army, and encountered Prithviraj's forces at

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Prithviraja ascended to the throne in 1177 CE. His chief secretary was the Rajput Kadambasa, who was also the jagirdar of south-east Punjab. Prithviraja III's realm extended from Thaneswar in the north to Mewar in the

606:. Nagarjuna fled the fort, but Devabhata (possibly his general) continued to offer resistance. Ultimately, Prithviraj's army emerged victorious, and captured the wife, mother, and followers of Nagarjuna. According to 1269:

Prithviraj seems to have treated the first battle of Tarain as merely a frontier fight. This view is strengthened by the fact that he made little preparations for any future clash with Muhammad of Ghor. According to

1447:), Muhammad took him to Ajmer, intending to let him rule as a vassal. However, in Ajmer, he saw paintings depicting Muslims being killed by pigs in the Chahamana gallery. Enraged, he beheaded Prithviraj with an axe. 802:

also mentions that Prithviraj's uncle Kanhadeva had killed seven sons of Bhima's uncle Sarangadeva. To avenge these murders, Bhima invaded the Chahamana kingdom and killed Prithviraj's father Someshvara, capturing

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monks Jinapati Suri and Padmaprabha at Naranayana (modern Narena near Ajmer). Prithviraj had encamped there at the time. Jinapati was later invited to Ajmer by a rich Jain merchant. There, Prithviraj issued him a

1767:, written by Jain authors, portray him as an inept and unworthy king who was responsible for his own downfall, and whose mistreatment of his devout subordinates turned them into traitors. In contrast, the 1430:

The contemporary Muslim historian Hasan Nizami states that Prithviraj was caught conspiring against Muhammad, prompting the Ghurid king to order his beheading. Nizami does not describe the nature of this

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states that Prithviraj refused to eat food after being captured. The noblemen of the Ghurid king suggested that he release Prithviraj, but Muhammad ignored their advice, and Prithviraj died in captivity.

1061:(Solankis). During its march to Gujarat, the Ghurid army appears to have passed through the western frontier of the Chahamana kingdom, as evident by the destruction of several temples and sacking of the 1017:. In addition, historical evidence suggests that Anangpal Tomar died before the birth of Prithviraj. The claim about his daughter's marriage to Prithviraj appears to have been concocted at a later date. 2861:

The Rajput army was far superior in numbers. Prithviraj had succeeded in enlisting the support of about one hundred Rajput princes who rallied round his banner with their elephants, cavalry and infantry

1352:, Prithviraj's camp lost 100,000 men (including Govindaraja of Delhi) in this debacle. Prithviraj himself tried to escape on a horse, but was pursued and caught near the Sarasvati fort (possibly modern 994:

mentions that Prithviraj defeated Nahar Rai of Mandovara and the Mughal chief Mudgala Rai, but these stories appear to be pure fiction. No historical records suggest existence of these persons.

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states that he was responsible for all the military victories during the early years of Prithviraj's reign. According to two different legends, Kadambavasa was later killed by Prithviraj. The

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mention only the second battle of Tarain, in which Prithviraj was defeated. However, the Hindu and Jain writers state that Prithviraj defeated Muhammad multiple times before being killed:

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gave the city to his son-in-law Prithviraj, and was defeated when he wanted it back. This is historically inaccurate, as Delhi was annexed to the Chahamana territory by Prithviraj's uncle

628:. This victory can be dated to sometime before 1182 CE, when the said debate took place. According to Cynthia Talbot, the Bhadanakas were an obscure dynasty who controlled the area around 1846:

does not associate the Chahamana dynasty with Ajmer at all. Prithviraj's association with Delhi in these legends further strengthened his status as a symbol of pre-Islamic Indian power.

715:). His army repulsed the attacks but suffered serious casualties in the process. Amid this chaos, the Chahamana soldiers lost their way and unknowingly encamped in the Chandela capital 1804:(early 13th century). Nizami presents his narrative as a description of "war with enemies of the faith" and of how "the Islamic way of life was established in the land of the Hindus." 838:

theorizes that the Chahamana-Chaulukya conflict ended with some advantage for Prithviraj, as Jagaddeva appears to have been very anxious to preserve the treaty. According to historian

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was exhausted as a result of this pursuit. At this point, Muhammad led his reserve force of 10,000 mounted archers and attacked the Chahamanas, decisively defeating them. Chronicler

910:, Prithviraj became infatuated with his new wife, and started spending most of his time with her. He started ignoring the state affairs, which ultimately led to his defeat against 1481:, Minhaj's account suggests that Prithviraj was executed immediately after his defeat, but R. B. Singh believes that no such conclusion can be drawn from Minhaj's writings. 3718: 719:. They killed the Chandela royal gardener for objecting to their presence, which led to a skirmish between the two sides. The Chandela king Paramardi asked his general 1889:

Memorials dedicated to Prithviraj have been constructed in Ajmer and Delhi. A number of Indian films and television series have been made on his life. These include:

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Despite these discrepancies, there is some evidence of a battle between the Chahamanas and the Chaulukyas at Nagor. Two inscriptions found at Charlu village near

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The first military achievement of Prithviraj was his suppression of a revolt by his cousin Nagarjuna, and recapture of Gudapura (IAST: Guḍapura; possibly modern

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states that the two kings fought 8 battles; Prithviraj defeated and captured the Ghurid king in the first seven of these, but released him unharmed each time.

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subduing the northern Indian Rajputs, until victory in the second battle of Tara'in in 588 AH/1192 CE 'opened the way to the conquest of northern India,..

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after him, and even some contemporary Hindu rulers in northern India were at least as powerful as him. Nevertheless, the 19th-century British officer

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Prithviraj has been described as "the last Hindu emperor" in eulogies. This designation is inaccurate, as several stronger Hindu rulers flourished in

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his long drawn out struggle against Gujarat was unsuccessful and he suffered a reverse against Bhima. Thus, Prithviraj concluded a treaty by 1187 CE.

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After Prithviraj's death, the Ghurids appointed his son Govindaraja on the throne of Ajmer as their vassal. In 1192 CE, Prithviraj's younger brother

1869:. After Tod, several narratives continued to describe Prithviraj as "the last Hindu emperor". For example, the inscriptions at the Ajmer memorial ( 1330:. According to Firishta, he agreed to a truce until he received an answer from his brother. However, he planned an attack against the Chahamanas. 377:

Some other Indian texts also mention Prithviraj but do not provide much information of historical value. For example, the Sanskrit poem anthology

1356:). Subsequently, Muhammad of Ghor captured Ajmer after killing several thousand defenders, enslaved many more, and destroyed the city's temples. 590:, Nagarjuna rebelled against Prithviraj's authority and occupied the fort of Gudapura. Prithviraj besieged Gudapura with a large army comprising 1108:. He shifted his base from Ghazna to Punjab, and made attempts to expand his empire eastwards, which brought him into conflict with Prithviraj. 464:

goes on to claim that he became well-versed in a number of subjects, including history, mathematics, medicine, military, painting, philosophy (

1276:, during the period preceding his final confrontation with the Ghurids, he neglected the affairs of the state and spent time in merry-making. 1220:, supported by 1200 horsemen. When Prithviraj learned about this, marched towards Tabarhindah with his feudatories, including Govindaraja of 4040: 1866: 256: 1668:. Majumdar further asserts that the military campaigns of Prithviraj on his neighbours do not resulted in any annexation of territory. 1081:). However, it does not mention any military engagement between the two kingdoms. On its way to Gujarat, the Ghurid army besieged the 1497:

narrative, not supported by historical evidence: Muhammad of Ghor continued to rule for more than a decade after Prithviraj's death.

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invaders to his camp as revenge. Prithviraj was in deep sleep after a day of religious fasting, and therefore, was easily captured.

823:). The Mohils are a branch of the Chauhans (the Chahamanas), and it is possible the inscriptions refer to the battle described in 4000: 3760: 1966:(No. 25). Many of these modern retellings depict Prithviraj as a flawless hero, and emphasize a message of Hindu national unity. 1949: 1208:

During 1190–1191 CE, Muhammad of Ghor invaded the Chahamana territory, and captured Tabarhindah or Tabar-e-Hind (identified with

1236:. In the ensuing battle, Prithviraj's army decisively defeated the Ghurids. Muhammad of Ghor was injured and forced to retreat. 1041:

controlled the territory to the west of the Chahamana kingdom. While Prithviraj was still a child, in 1175 CE, the Ghurid ruler

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Over the next few years, Muhammad of Ghor consolidated his power in the territory to the west of the Chahamanas, conquering

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at the time of his birth, calling them auspicious. Based on these positions and assuming certain other planetary positions,

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stories about Prithviraj present him as an unsuccessful king who was memorable only for his defeat against a foreign king.

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to attack Prithviraj's camp, but Udal advised against this move. Paramardi's brother-in-law Mahil Parihar ruled modern-day

3576:"The Antiquity, Authenticity and Genuineness of the epic called the Prithviraj Rasa and commonly ascribed to Chand Bardai" 3178: 1771:, also written by a Jain author, presents him as a brave man whose subordinates turned against him out of pure greed. The 532:

Bhuvanaikamalla, the paternal uncle of Prithviraj's mother, was another important minister during this time. According to

1971: 1775:, which was probably intended to please a Chauhan lord, retains the elements of the Jain tradition that occur in the two 1528:(scholars) and poets, which was under the charge of Padmanabha. His court had a number of poets and scholars, including: 520:

claims that Prithviraj killed the minister after finding him in the apartment of the king's favourite concubine Karnati.

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in north-western India. Ascending the throne as a minor in 1177 CE, Prithviraj inherited a kingdom which stretched from

3753: 962:. The Gahadavala records are also silent about this event, including the supposed Rajasuya performance by Jayachandra. 946:, this is probably a reference to Samyogita. However, this legend is not mentioned in other historical sources such as 3687: 3642: 3602: 3561: 3537: 3188: 485:

Prithviraj moved from Gujarat to Ajmer, when his father Someshvara was crowned the Chahamana king after the death of

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in the south, which he aimed to expand by military actions against neighbouring kingdoms, most notably defeating the

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dethroned Govindaraja, and recaptured a part of his ancestral kingdom. Govindaraja moved to Ranastambhapura (modern

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During his early years as the king, Prithviraj's mother managed the administration, assisted by a regency council.

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Only seven inscriptions dated to Prithviraj's reign are available; none of these were issued by the king himself:

704:(conquest of all the regions). This appears to be a reference to the start of Prithviraj's march to Jejakabhukti. 360:

monks. While the work was completed in 1336 CE, the part that mentions Prithviraj was written around 1250 CE. The

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Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest : 11Th-13th Centuries

776:. This implies that the two kings were previously at war. This war can be dated to sometime before 1187 CE (1244 707:

The legendary account of Prithviraj's campaign against the Chandelas goes like this: Prithviraj was returning to

3964: 3469: 1960:(2008) was released by Rakesh Prasad. Prithviraj was also one of the first historical figures to be covered in 1699: 1485:

by the Hindu writer Lakshmidhara is the only source that claims that Prithviraj was killed on the battlefield.

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Muslim accounts, which present Prithviraj as a major ruler and portray his defeat as a major milestone in the

3944: 1509: 37: 3797: 1821:) present the Ghurid victory over Prithviraj as an important milestone leading to the establishment of the 321:. However, it contains many exaggerated accounts, much of which is not useful for the purposes of history. 1173:

claims that Prithviraj captured Muhammad 20 times, but was himself imprisoned during the 21st battle. The

794: 583:, and the struggle for the Chahamana throne had led to a rivalry between the two branches of the family. 42:

Posthumous painting depicting Prithviraj Chauhan seated on a terrace leaning against a bolster from Kota

4045: 4035: 3652: 3575: 942:, although he had never seen this woman and was already married to other women. According to historian 843: 672:. Prithviraj's invasion of the Chandela territory is also described in the later folk legends, such as 4025: 4005: 3776: 1837: 918: 657: 406: 217: 193: 137: 49: 1992: 1114:

mentions that Muhammad of Ghor sent an ambassador to Prithviraj, but does not provide any details.

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after marrying the daughter of Padamsen, when his contingent was attacked by the "Turkic" forces (

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claims that Prithviraj was taken to Ghazna as a prisoner, and blinded. On hearing this, the poet

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Sometime before 1187 CE, Jagaddeva Pratihara signed a peace treaty with Prithviraj. According to

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interpreted Naga as the name of a tribe, and theorized that Bhuvanaikamalla defeated this tribe.

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poet Jaganika also provides an exaggerated account of Prithviraj's war against the Chandelas.

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Inscription 1: Mentions that Prithviraj invaded the territory of the Chandela ruler Paramardi

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inscriptions from Prithviraj's reign claim that he "laid to waste" Jejakabhukti (present-day

414: 379: 338: 317:, which popularized Prithviraj as a great king, is purported to be written by his court poet 158: 4020: 4015: 1913: 1601:

in the north to the foot of Mount Abu in the south. Thus, it included parts of present-day

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states that Prithviraj was "sent to hell" after being captured. The 16th-century historian

1436: 1365: 700: 326: 309:. These texts contain eulogistic descriptions, and are, therefore, not entirely reliable. 8: 1598: 1090: 1030: 390: 385: 3791: 1130:

The medieval Muslim writers mention only one or two battles between the two rulers. The

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return to his own country. Muhammad insisted that he needed time to confer his brother

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The legend goes like this: King Jaichand (Jayachandra) of Kannauj decided to conduct a

886:, was located to the east of the Chahamana kingdom. According to a legend mentioned in 293: 3196:

Harsha Vardhana of the Pushyabhuti line) in the north to Jahazpur (Mewar) in the south

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texts, but also attempts to glorify Prithviraj who was an ancestor of the text's hero

610:, a garland made of the defeated soldiers' heads was hung across the Ajmer fort gate. 3704: 3683: 3662: 3638: 3619: 3598: 3557: 3547: 3533: 3512: 3489: 3465: 3215: 3184: 2850: 2721: 2439: 1962: 1933: 1589:

According to historian R. B. Singh, at its height, Prithviraj's empire extended from

1513: 1451: 1381: 1335: 1301:

horsemen over the next few months. He then marched towards the Chahamana kingdom via

943: 835: 560: 442: 299: 3157: 3908: 1862: 1810: 1618: 1505: 1285: 1132: 1042: 998: 983: 967: 911: 633: 625: 434: 348: 232: 3913: 3888: 3883: 3698: 3656: 3632: 3551: 3527: 3459: 2844: 2715: 1943: 1822: 1787: 1728: 1272: 637: 553: 332: 305: 277: 261: 240: 1373:

states that Prithviraj cut off the ears of one of his ministers, who guided the

3974: 3959: 3949: 3893: 3878: 3847: 3842: 3832: 3211:

Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

2429: 1923: 1881: 1828:

The 16th century legends describe him as the ruler of India's political centre

1796:

defeated as part of the Islamic conquest of India appears to have started with

1685:

inscription, 1179 CE (1236 VS): records the grants made by Prithviraj's vassal

1676: 1645: 1614: 1610: 1478: 1470: 1420: 1411:

Most medieval sources state that Prithviraj was taken to the Chahamana capital

1374: 1298: 1217: 1077:

to the Chahamana kingdom (in Hindu mythology, Rahu swallows the Sun, causing a

1038: 1014: 1010: 777: 720: 712: 641: 580: 564: 490: 486: 342:. These were composed centuries after his death, and contain exaggerations and 248: 228: 83: 460:

claims that he learned 14 languages, which appears to be an exaggeration. The

452:

The medieval biographies of Prithviraj suggest that he was educated well. The

259:, and has been described in several semi-legendary accounts, most notably the 3994: 3918: 3868: 3837: 3822: 3817: 3479: 3153: 1907: 1629: 1622: 1078: 839: 820: 744: 653: 603: 595: 468:), and theology. Both the texts state that he was particularly proficient in 446: 343: 3623: 3396: 3159:

History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 05, The Struggle For Empire

501:

claims that Someshvara himself installed Prithviraj on the throne, and then

437:. The text does not mention the year of his birth, but provides some of the 3954: 3934: 3863: 3827: 1842: 1797: 1707: 1633: 1590: 1550: 1493: 1115: 923: 599: 563:, Prithviraj assumed actual control of the administration in 1180 CE (1237 318: 197: 1403: 3812: 3802: 1928: 1850: 1780: 1594: 1046: 661: 502: 247:. Prithviraj was captured and summarliy executed, although his minor son 3529:

The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000

1584:

Find-spots of inscriptions from Prithviraj's reign, in present-day India

3719:"Akshay Kumar to play Prithviraj Chauhan in biopic titled 'Prithviraj'" 3455: 1665: 1606: 903: 875: 736: 682: 621: 394: 362: 184:: Pṛthvī-rāja; reign. 22 May 1166 – December 1192), popularly known as 978: 544:. The text also states that he was "proficient in the art of subduing 3898: 3873: 3723: 2615: 2613: 2611: 1854: 1632:, Prithviraj inherited a kingdom that only stretched till modern day 1602: 1370: 1058: 939: 891: 855: 769: 669: 616: 438: 426: 352: 205: 2895: 1512:

of vassal rulers. Hariraja was later defeated by the Ghurid general

3979: 3939: 3807: 3122: 1756: 1703: 1637: 1501: 1474: 1327: 1318: 1225: 1209: 1138: 1097: 1066: 898: 883: 765: 732: 665: 591: 549: 418: 371: 213: 209: 169: 125: 3594:

Indian Castles 1206–1526: The Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate

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is the only surviving literary text from the reign of Prithviraj.

287: 3775: 2545: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2113: 2111: 1722: 1682: 1462: 1290: 1082: 1054: 1026: 935:

mentions that Prithviraj fell in love with the incarnation of an

879: 812: 781: 773: 740: 576: 469: 465: 422: 357: 132: 99: 3502: 3402: 3008: 3006: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 3266: 3264: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2931: 2919: 2866: 2809: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2750: 2738: 2673: 2671: 2533: 2509: 2485: 2468: 2343: 2319: 2238: 2191: 1792: 1653: 1644:

in North. His territories were bounded on southern frontier by

1525: 1416: 1306: 1302: 1294: 1280: 1233: 1105: 1050: 1034: 936: 716: 629: 541: 537: 494: 224: 3110: 2123: 2108: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2015: 2013: 3432: 3420: 3384: 3324: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3232: 3098: 3064: 3062: 3047: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3003: 2649: 2625: 2598: 2596: 2581: 2569: 2398: 2181: 2179: 1873:) to Prithviraj also honour him as "the last Hindu emperor". 1833: 1829: 1714: 1641: 1412: 1353: 1310: 1221: 1101: 1062: 1002: 907: 816: 804: 708: 252: 201: 115: 3372: 3348: 3336: 3312: 3288: 3276: 3261: 3074: 3035: 2986: 2954: 2777: 2683: 2668: 2637: 2140: 2086: 2084: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 1628:

However, according to archeologist Rima Hooja and historian

1423:

on the throne of Ajmer, which further supports this theory.

1122:(13th century CE) states that Muhammad sent his chief judge 1025:

Prithviraj's predecessors had faced multiple raids from the

3360: 3300: 2096: 2060: 2048: 2010: 1561: 1283:, and made preparations to avenge his defeat. According to 1213: 1074: 1029:

dynasties that had captured the north-western areas of the

728: 724: 445:

calculated the year of Prithviraj's birth as 1166 CE (1223

324:

Other chronicles and texts that mention Prithviraj include

181: 3244: 3134: 3059: 3018: 2907: 2695: 2593: 2557: 2521: 2497: 2374: 2362: 2331: 2307: 2271: 2259: 2226: 2214: 2176: 2164: 2152: 1993:"Full Moon Days for Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands" 1228:, his force comprised 200,000 horses and 3,000 elephants. 1073:

mentions that the activities of the Ghurid army were like

356:, a Sanskrit text containing biographies of the Kharatara 255:. His defeat at Tarain is seen as a landmark event in the 2883: 2081: 2025: 1359: 570: 3658:

Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals (1206–1526)

1857:

repeatedly used this term to describe Prithviraj in his

2428: 1426:

The various sources differ on the exact circumstances:

1975:

contains a five-chapter campaign titled "Prithviraj".

1415:, where Muhammad planned to reinstate him as a Ghurid 931:(which names the Gahadavala princess as "Kantimati"). 425:, where their father Someshvara was brought up at the 291:(epic poems) by Hindu and Jain authors. These include 280:

manuscript, Maharaja Man Singh Pustak Prakash, Jodhpur

3408: 1289:, he gathered a well-equipped army of 120,000 select 389:(1455) mentions him as an earlier incarnation of the 1212:). He placed it under the charge of Zia-ud-din, the 536:, he was a valiant general who served Prithviraj as 239:

However, in 1192, Muhammad returned with an army of

3590: 3485:

Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti

2551: 1731:(Bisalpur near Tonk) inscription, 1187 CE (1244 VS) 1725:

Victoria Hall Museum inscription, 1187 CE (1244 VS)

1477:also supports this account. According to historian 1033:by the 12th century. By the late 12th century, the 694:also mention Prithviraj's attack on Paramardi. The 417:princess). Both Prithviraj and his younger brother 3570: 3504: 3183:. Rajasthan: Rupa Publications. pp. 260–262. 3116: 862:ruler Dharavarsha, who was a Chaulukya feudatory. 251:was reinstated by Muhammad as his puppet ruler in 3546: 3128: 2948: 2925: 2901: 2877: 2818: 2803: 2771: 2759: 2744: 2619: 2539: 2515: 2491: 2462: 2392: 2356: 2325: 2253: 2208: 2134: 2117: 1317:foot soldiers. The 16th century Muslim historian 1224:. According to the 16th-century Muslim historian 819:soldiers at the battle of Nagor in 1184 CE (1241 346:anecdotes. Prithviraj has also been mentioned in 3992: 3675: 2301: 2289: 1991:LLP, Adarsh Mobile Applications (22 July 2024). 890:, Prithviraj eloped with Jayachandra's daughter 764:mentions a peace treaty between Prithviraj, and 2713: 3651: 3525: 3438: 3426: 3390: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3282: 3270: 3080: 3041: 2997: 2980: 2965: 2788: 2689: 2677: 2643: 2479: 2416: 2146: 2102: 2075: 2054: 2019: 1836:, which was his actual capital). For example, 1560:mentions a debate that took place between the 894:, leading to a rivalry between the two kings. 731:left the Chandela court. They started serving 429:court by his maternal relatives. According to 383:(1363) contains a verse praising him, and the 3761: 3478: 3152: 3104: 1791:, a legendary text patronized largely by the 1717:(Tryambaka, Chandrashekhara, and Tripuranta). 698:mentions that Prithviraj had embarked upon a 579:). Nagarjuna was a son of Prithviraj's uncle 433:, Prithviraj was born on the 12th day of the 3630: 3403:Ashish Rajadhyaksha & Paul Willemen 1999 3255: 3238: 2602: 2587: 2575: 2563: 2337: 2265: 2185: 1755:The late medieval (14th and 15th centuries) 1093:in 1178 CE, forcing the Ghurids to retreat. 552:, "naga" here refers to elephants. However, 548:s". According to the 15th-century historian 3611: 3503:Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (1999). 3214:. Cambridge University Press. p. 177. 3207: 3140: 3068: 3053: 3029: 3012: 2913: 2701: 2662: 2631: 2527: 2503: 2404: 2380: 2368: 2313: 2277: 2232: 2220: 2170: 2158: 2090: 2042: 1692:Madanpur inscriptions of 1182 CE (1239 VS) 620:mention the victory of Prithviraj over the 3768: 3754: 3696: 3454: 3092: 2889: 2830: 1698:Inscription 2: Names Prithviraj's father ( 1675:Barla or Badla inscription, 1177 CE (1234 1549:Prithvibhata, a royal bard (identified as 1243: 1085:(Nadol) fort, which was controlled by the 1005:is attributed to Prithviraj. According to 36: 3717: 3414: 1197: 456:states that he mastered 6 languages; the 268: 3580:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 1880: 1739: 1524:Prithviraj had a dedicated ministry for 1402: 1279:Meanwhile, Muhammad of Ghor returned to 1253: 977: 647: 624:, while describing a debate between two 272: 3661:. Vol. 1. Har-Anand Publications. 3162:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 108. 2842: 2720:. Sydney University Press. p. 61. 1950:Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan 1652:, on the eastern border by kingdoms of 1398: 1020: 3993: 1519: 1360:Jain accounts of Prithviraj's downfall 869: 808:therefore, could not have killed him. 571:Conflict with Nagarjuna and Bhadanakas 223:Prithviraj led a coalition of several 3749: 3176: 2717:The Ebb and Flow of the Ghūrid Empire 1885:Statue of Prithviraj Chauhan at Ajmer 1876: 1861:. Tod was influenced by the medieval 1532:Jayanaka, a poet-historian who wrote 2438:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 338. 1921:(1959) by Harsukh Jagneshwar Bhatt, 1859:Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han 882:and headed by another powerful king 529:does not mention any such incident. 1990: 1984: 1972:Age of Empires II HD: The Forgotten 1941:; and the Hindi television serials 1897:(1929) by Narayanrao D. Sarpotdar, 1735: 1469:The 13th-century Persian historian 1326:who was ruling from his capital at 1142:mention the two Battles of Tarain. 997:The construction of the now-ruined 489:. Someshvara died in 1177 CE (1234 196:dynasty who ruled the territory of 21:Prithviraj Chauhan (disambiguation) 13: 4041:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime 3556:. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. 2846:The Legacy of Muslim Rule in India 755: 14: 4057: 3741: 3488:. Vol. II. Sahitya Akademi. 1713:Inscription 3: Contains names of 1369:by the 14th-century Jain scholar 917:This legend is also mentioned in 3634:Prithviraj Chauhan and his times 2849:. Aditya Prakashan. p. 76. 1706:), and states that he plundered 1389:According to another Jain text, 439:astrological planetary positions 3447: 3201: 3170: 3146: 3086: 2836: 2824: 2707: 2422: 2410: 1577: 973: 4001:Chahamana kings of Shakambhari 3532:. Cambridge University Press. 3507:Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema 1664:and on north-west frontier by 480: 1: 3679:The Early Rulers of Khajurāho 1978: 1958:Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan 1815: 1441: 505:. However, this is doubtful. 400: 243:and defeated the Rajput army 59: 4011:12th-century Indian monarchs 3591:Konstantin S Nossov (2012). 3586:. Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1558:Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali 849: 832:Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali 788:The historically unreliable 762:Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali 696:Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali 16:King of Ajmer (c. 1177–1192) 7: 3700:A HISTORY OF RAJASTHAN (PB) 1911:(1942) by B. Sampathkumar, 1658:Kachchhapaghatas of Gwalior 1407:Coins of Prithviraj Chauhan 405:Prithviraj was born to the 10: 4062: 3511:. British Film Institute. 1808:as well as the later text 1640:) on north west, and till 1597:in the east, and from the 1569:(certificate of victory). 1508:), where he established a 1247: 1201: 1181:also enumerate 21 battles. 664:), which was ruled by the 18: 3927: 3856: 3784: 3777:Chahamanas of Shakambhari 3676:Sisirkumar Mitra (1977). 3615:History of the Chāhamānas 1956:The Indian animated film 1919:Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan 1867:Islamic conquest of India 1748:version published by the 1572: 1309:, aided by Vijayaraja of 1259:The last stand of Rajputs 1057:, which was ruled by the 1053:. In 1178 CE, he invaded 878:kingdom, centered around 815:commemorate the death of 413:and queen Karpuradevi (a 257:Islamic conquest of India 165: 153: 143: 138:Chahamanas of Shakambhari 131: 121: 105: 93: 89: 79: 69: 55: 47: 35: 30: 2714:David C. Thomas (2018). 2552:Konstantin S Nossov 2012 1901:(1931) by R. N. Vaidya, 1710:(the Chandela territory) 1666:empire of the Ghaznavids 1483:Viruddha-Vidhi Vidhvansa 864:Partha-Parakrama-Vyayoga 475: 3785:9th century and earlier 3682:. Motilal Banarsidass. 3553:Early Chauhān Dynasties 3526:Cynthia Talbot (2015). 3117:Kaviraj Shyamaldas 1886 2430:Ramesh Chandra Majumdar 1917:(1946) by Najam Naqvi, 1750:Nagari Pracharini Sabha 1263:Second Battle of Tarain 1250:Second Battle of Tarain 1244:Second battle of Tarain 559:According to historian 245:on the same battlefield 241:Turkish mounted archers 227:kings and defeated the 3703:. Rupa & Company. 3637:. Publication Scheme. 3180:A History of Rajasthan 3129:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2949:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2926:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2902:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2878:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2819:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2804:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2772:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2760:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2745:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2620:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2540:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2516:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2492:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2463:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2393:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2357:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2326:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2254:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2209:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2135:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 2118:Dasharatha Sharma 1959 1939:Chandraprakash Dwivedi 1886: 1752: 1662:Gahadavalas of Varnasi 1408: 1266: 1265:by Hutchinson & co 1204:First Battle of Tarain 1198:First battle of Tarain 987: 927:and Chandrashekhara's 686:. Other texts such as 281: 269:Sources of information 200:, with his capital at 192:, was a king from the 3631:R. V. Somani (1981). 2302:Sisirkumar Mitra 1977 2290:Sisirkumar Mitra 1977 1884: 1765:Prithviraja-Prabandha 1743: 1459:Prithviraja-Prabandha 1406: 1392:Prithviraja Prabandha 1348:forces. According to 1257: 1164:Prithviraja Prabandha 1087:Chahamanas of Naddula 981: 948:Prithviraja-Prabandha 688:Sarangadhara Paddhati 652:The 1182–83 CE (1239 648:War against Chandelas 522:Prithviraja-Prabandha 503:retired to the forest 380:Sharngadhara-paddhati 339:Prithviraja Prabandha 276: 3612:R. B. Singh (1964). 3208:Kaushik Roy (2012). 3177:Hooja, Rima (2006). 1914:Prithviraj Samyogita 1903:Prithviraj Sanyogita 1895:Prithviraj Sanyogita 1761:Prabandha-Chintamani 1510:new Chahamana branch 1437:Prabandha Chintamani 1399:Death and succession 1366:Prabandha Chintamani 1186:Prabandha Chintamani 1021:War with the Ghurids 952:Prabandha-Chintamani 902:Jaichand arranged a 860:Chandravati Paramara 785:the Chaulukya side. 692:Prabandha Chintamani 327:Prabandha-Chintamani 19:For other uses, see 3857:10th-11th centuries 3794:(possibly mythical) 3779:(Chauhans of Ajmer) 3697:Rima Hooja (2006). 3439:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3427:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3391:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3379:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3367:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3355:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3343:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3331:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3319:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3307:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3295:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3283:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3271:Cynthia Talbot 2015 3081:Satish Chandra 2006 3042:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2998:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2981:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2966:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2789:Satish Chandra 2006 2690:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2678:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2644:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2480:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2417:Satish Chandra 2006 2147:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2103:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2076:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2055:Cynthia Talbot 2015 2020:Cynthia Talbot 2015 1702:) and grandfather ( 1599:Himalayan foothills 1593:in the west to the 1543:Vagisvara Janardana 1520:Cultural activities 1091:Battle of Kasahrada 1031:Indian subcontinent 870:Gahadavala conflict 615:Kharatara-Gachchha- 386:Kanhadade Prabandha 194:Chauhan (Chahamana) 3727:. 9 September 2019 3572:Kaviraj Shyamaldas 3131:, pp. 100–01. 3105:Amaresh Datta 1988 3056:, pp. 206–07. 3015:, pp. 208–09. 2904:, p. 322-323. 2665:, pp. 186–88. 2634:, pp. 183–84. 2407:, pp. 172–73. 2304:, pp. 124–26. 2292:, pp. 120–25. 1891:Prithviraj Chouhan 1887: 1877:In popular culture 1753: 1546:Vishvarupa, a poet 1535:Prithviraja Vijaya 1409: 1267: 1112:Prithviraja Vijaya 1071:Prithviraja Vijaya 988: 933:Prithviraja Vijaya 772:(Solanki) king of 608:Prithviraja Vijaya 588:Prithviraja Vijaya 534:Prithviraja Vijaya 527:Prithviraja Vijaya 514:Prithviraja Vijaya 454:Prithviraja Vijaya 431:Prithviraja Vijaya 349:Kharatara-Gachchha 311:Prithviraja Vijaya 294:Prithviraja Vijaya 282: 186:Prithviraj Chauhan 159:Kalachuri Princess 31:Prithviraj Chauhan 4046:Executed monarchs 4036:People from Delhi 3988: 3987: 3710:978-81-291-1501-0 3668:978-81-241-1064-5 3548:Dasharatha Sharma 3518:978-1-135-94325-7 3495:978-81-260-1194-0 3256:R. V. Somani 1981 3241:, pp. 43–44. 3239:R. V. Somani 1981 3221:978-1-107-01736-8 2983:, pp. 54–55. 2856:978-81-85689-03-6 2774:, pp. 82–84. 2727:978-1-74332-542-1 2622:, pp. 80–81. 2603:R. V. Somani 1981 2590:, pp. 40–42. 2588:R. V. Somani 1981 2578:, pp. 33–34. 2576:R. V. Somani 1981 2564:R. V. Somani 1981 2482:, pp. 13–20. 2465:, pp. 78–79. 2445:978-81-208-0436-4 2395:, pp. 76–77. 2338:R. V. Somani 1981 2266:R. V. Somani 1981 2186:R. V. Somani 1981 1963:Amar Chitra Katha 1934:Samrat Prithviraj 1773:Hammira Mahakavya 1769:Hammira Mahakavya 1650:Chauhans of Nadol 1553:by some scholars) 1514:Qutb al-Din Aibak 1452:Hammira Mahakavya 1382:Hammira Mahakavya 1336:Jawami ul-Hikayat 1194:Ghurid generals. 1156:Hammira Mahakavya 1139:Tarikh-i-Firishta 960:Hammira-Mahakavya 944:Dasharatha Sharma 858:was ruled by the 836:Dasharatha Sharma 561:Dasharatha Sharma 499:Hammira Mahakavya 443:Dasharatha Sharma 300:Hammira Mahakavya 175: 174: 4053: 4026:History of Ajmer 4006:History of Delhi 3909:Durlabharaja III 3770: 3763: 3756: 3747: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3714: 3693: 3672: 3648: 3627: 3608: 3587: 3567: 3543: 3522: 3510: 3499: 3475: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3259: 3253: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3150: 3144: 3141:R. B. Singh 1964 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3069:R. B. Singh 1964 3066: 3057: 3054:R. B. Singh 1964 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3030:R. B. Singh 1964 3027: 3016: 3013:R. B. Singh 1964 3010: 3001: 2995: 2984: 2978: 2969: 2963: 2952: 2946: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2914:R. B. Singh 1964 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2864: 2863: 2843:K.S Lal (1992). 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2807: 2801: 2792: 2786: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2711: 2705: 2702:R. B. Singh 1964 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2666: 2663:R. B. Singh 1964 2660: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2632:R. B. Singh 1964 2629: 2623: 2617: 2606: 2600: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2528:R. B. Singh 1964 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2504:R. B. Singh 1964 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2405:R. B. Singh 1964 2402: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2381:R. B. Singh 1964 2378: 2372: 2369:R. B. Singh 1964 2366: 2360: 2354: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2314:R. B. Singh 1964 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2278:R. B. Singh 1964 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2236: 2233:R. B. Singh 1964 2230: 2224: 2221:R. B. Singh 1964 2218: 2212: 2206: 2189: 2183: 2174: 2171:R. B. Singh 1964 2168: 2162: 2159:R. B. Singh 1964 2156: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2132: 2121: 2115: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2091:R. B. Singh 1964 2088: 2079: 2073: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2043:R. B. Singh 1964 2040: 2023: 2017: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1988: 1947:(1998–1999) and 1863:Persian language 1820: 1817: 1811:Tabaqat-i Nasiri 1736:Characterization 1646:Guhilas of Mewar 1619:Himachal Pradesh 1446: 1443: 1286:Tabaqat-i Nasiri 1261:, depicting the 1133:Tabaqat-i Nasiri 1043:Muhammad of Ghor 1009:, Delhi's ruler 999:Qila Rai Pithora 984:Qila Rai Pithora 968:Muhammad of Ghor 912:Muhammad of Ghor 854:The area around 518:Prithviraja-Raso 391:Jalore Chahamana 233:Muhammad of Ghor 214:Jahazpur (Mewar) 212:in the north to 112: 64: 61: 40: 28: 27: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4050: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3970:Prithviraja III 3923: 3914:Vigraharaja III 3889:Govindaraja III 3884:Durlabharaja II 3852: 3780: 3774: 3744: 3739: 3730: 3728: 3711: 3690: 3669: 3645: 3605: 3564: 3540: 3519: 3496: 3472: 3450: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3401: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3333:, pp. 6–7. 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3245: 3237: 3233: 3222: 3206: 3202: 3191: 3175: 3171: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3107:, p. 1178. 3103: 3099: 3093:Rima Hooja 2006 3091: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3019: 3011: 3004: 2996: 2987: 2979: 2972: 2964: 2955: 2947: 2932: 2924: 2920: 2912: 2908: 2900: 2896: 2890:Andre Wink 1991 2888: 2884: 2876: 2867: 2857: 2841: 2837: 2831:Rima Hooja 2006 2829: 2825: 2817: 2810: 2802: 2795: 2787: 2778: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2728: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2669: 2661: 2650: 2642: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2618: 2609: 2601: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2446: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2403: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2379: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2344: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2300: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2276: 2272: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2215: 2207: 2192: 2184: 2177: 2169: 2165: 2157: 2153: 2145: 2141: 2133: 2124: 2116: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2089: 2082: 2074: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2041: 2026: 2018: 2011: 2001: 1999: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1969:The video game 1944:Main Dilli Hoon 1879: 1823:Delhi Sultanate 1818: 1788:Prithviraj Raso 1746:Prithviraj Raso 1744:The cover of a 1738: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1540:Vidyapati Gauda 1522: 1490:Prithviraj Raso 1444: 1401: 1362: 1273:Prithviraj Raso 1252: 1246: 1206: 1200: 1179:Prithviraj Raso 1175:Surjana Charita 1171:Prabandha Kosha 1023: 1007:Prithviraj Raso 992:Prithviraj Raso 976: 956:Prabandha-Kosha 929:Surjana-Charita 888:Prithviraj Raso 872: 852: 825:Prithviraj Raso 790:Prithviraj Raso 758: 756:Wars in Gujarat 674:Prithviraj Raso 650: 573: 554:Har Bilas Sarda 483: 478: 458:Prithviraj Raso 403: 333:Prabandha Kosha 315:Prithviraj Raso 306:Prithviraj Raso 278:Prithviraj Raso 271: 262:Prithviraj Raso 237:Taraori in 1191 204:in present-day 178:Prithviraja III 114: 110: 98: 65:– December 1192 62: 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4059: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4031:Hindu monarchs 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3975:Govindaraja IV 3972: 3967: 3962: 3960:Prithviraja II 3957: 3952: 3950:Vigraharaja IV 3947: 3942: 3937: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3894:Vakpatiraja II 3891: 3886: 3881: 3879:Vigraharaja II 3876: 3871: 3866: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3850: 3848:Govindaraja II 3845: 3843:Chandraraja II 3840: 3835: 3833:Durlabharaja I 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3773: 3772: 3765: 3758: 3750: 3743: 3742:External links 3740: 3738: 3737: 3715: 3709: 3694: 3688: 3673: 3667: 3653:Satish Chandra 3649: 3643: 3628: 3618:. N. Kishore. 3609: 3603: 3597:. Bloomsbury. 3588: 3568: 3562: 3544: 3538: 3523: 3517: 3500: 3494: 3476: 3470: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3443: 3441:, p. 267. 3431: 3429:, p. 266. 3419: 3415:The Hindu 2019 3407: 3395: 3393:, p. 265. 3383: 3371: 3359: 3347: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3299: 3287: 3275: 3260: 3243: 3231: 3220: 3200: 3189: 3169: 3145: 3143:, p. 182. 3133: 3121: 3109: 3097: 3085: 3073: 3071:, p. 205. 3058: 3046: 3034: 3032:, p. 207. 3017: 3002: 2985: 2970: 2953: 2930: 2918: 2916:, p. 461. 2906: 2894: 2892:, p. 109. 2882: 2865: 2855: 2835: 2823: 2808: 2793: 2776: 2764: 2749: 2737: 2726: 2706: 2704:, p. 189. 2694: 2682: 2667: 2648: 2636: 2624: 2607: 2592: 2580: 2568: 2556: 2544: 2532: 2530:, p. 179. 2520: 2508: 2506:, p. 175. 2496: 2484: 2467: 2455: 2444: 2421: 2409: 2397: 2385: 2383:, p. 171. 2373: 2371:, p. 170. 2361: 2342: 2330: 2318: 2316:, p. 169. 2306: 2294: 2282: 2280:, p. 168. 2270: 2258: 2237: 2235:, p. 164. 2225: 2223:, p. 163. 2213: 2190: 2175: 2173:, p. 156. 2163: 2161:, p. 161. 2151: 2139: 2122: 2107: 2095: 2093:, p. 167. 2080: 2059: 2047: 2045:, p. 162. 2024: 2009: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1924:Rani Samyuktha 1878: 1875: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1711: 1696: 1690: 1680: 1615:Madhya Pradesh 1583: 1582: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1555: 1554: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1521: 1518: 1479:Satish Chandra 1471:Minhaj-i-Siraj 1467: 1466: 1456: 1448: 1432: 1400: 1397: 1361: 1358: 1324:Ghiyath al-Din 1248:Main article: 1245: 1242: 1202:Main article: 1199: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1182: 1167: 1160: 1144:Jami-ul-Hikaya 1039:Ghurid dynasty 1022: 1019: 1015:Vigraharaja IV 1011:Anangpal Tomar 975: 972: 871: 868: 851: 848: 844:Satish Chandra 757: 754: 649: 646: 613:Two verses of 581:Vigraharaja IV 572: 569: 487:Prithviraja II 482: 479: 477: 474: 435:Jyeshtha month 402: 399: 270: 267: 173: 172: 167: 163: 162: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 135: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 113:(aged 26) 107: 103: 102: 95: 91: 90: 87: 86: 84:Govindaraja IV 81: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 57: 53: 52: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4058: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3919:Prithviraja I 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3869:Vakpatiraja I 3867: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3838:Govindaraja I 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3823:Chandraraja I 3821: 3819: 3818:Vigraharaja I 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3771: 3766: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3752: 3751: 3748: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3702: 3701: 3695: 3691: 3689:9788120819979 3685: 3681: 3680: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3644:9788185263021 3640: 3636: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3610: 3606: 3604:9781849080507 3600: 3596: 3595: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3563:9780842606189 3559: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3539:9781107118560 3535: 3531: 3530: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3509: 3508: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3480:Amaresh Datta 3477: 3473: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3452: 3440: 3435: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3411: 3404: 3399: 3392: 3387: 3381:, p. 16. 3380: 3375: 3368: 3363: 3357:, p. 26. 3356: 3351: 3345:, p. 73. 3344: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3321:, p. 49. 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3297:, p. 24. 3296: 3291: 3285:, p. 13. 3284: 3279: 3273:, p. 32. 3272: 3267: 3265: 3258:, p. 48. 3257: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3223: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3204: 3197: 3192: 3190:9788129108906 3186: 3182: 3181: 3173: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3155: 3154:R.C. Majumdar 3149: 3142: 3137: 3130: 3125: 3118: 3113: 3106: 3101: 3094: 3089: 3083:, p. 26. 3082: 3077: 3070: 3065: 3063: 3055: 3050: 3044:, p. 54. 3043: 3038: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3014: 3009: 3007: 3000:, p. 45. 2999: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2968:, p. 52. 2967: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2951:, p. 87. 2950: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2928:, p. 86. 2927: 2922: 2915: 2910: 2903: 2898: 2891: 2886: 2880:, p. 85. 2879: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2839: 2832: 2827: 2821:, p. 88. 2820: 2815: 2813: 2806:, p. 84. 2805: 2800: 2798: 2791:, p. 25. 2790: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2773: 2768: 2762:, p. 82. 2761: 2756: 2754: 2747:, p. 81. 2746: 2741: 2734: 2729: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2710: 2703: 2698: 2692:, p. 51. 2691: 2686: 2680:, p. 53. 2679: 2674: 2672: 2664: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2646:, p. 29. 2645: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2605:, p. 41. 2604: 2599: 2597: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2572: 2566:, p. 57. 2565: 2560: 2554:, p. 53. 2553: 2548: 2542:, p. 80. 2541: 2536: 2529: 2524: 2518:, p. 79. 2517: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2494:, p. 78. 2493: 2488: 2481: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2464: 2459: 2452: 2447: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2435:Ancient India 2431: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2406: 2401: 2394: 2389: 2382: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2359:, p. 76. 2358: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2340:, p. 55. 2339: 2334: 2328:, p. 75. 2327: 2322: 2315: 2310: 2303: 2298: 2291: 2286: 2279: 2274: 2268:, p. 47. 2267: 2262: 2256:, p. 74. 2255: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2234: 2229: 2222: 2217: 2211:, p. 73. 2210: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2188:, p. 38. 2187: 2182: 2180: 2172: 2167: 2160: 2155: 2149:, p. 18. 2148: 2143: 2137:, p. 72. 2136: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2120:, p. 69. 2119: 2114: 2112: 2105:, p. 50. 2104: 2099: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2078:, p. 39. 2077: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2057:, p. 37. 2056: 2051: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2022:, p. 38. 2021: 2016: 2014: 1998: 1994: 1987: 1983: 1976: 1974: 1973: 1967: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1953:(2006–2009). 1952: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1909: 1908:Prithivirajan 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1883: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1832:(rather than 1831: 1826: 1824: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1806:Tajul-Ma'asir 1803: 1802:Tajul-Ma'asir 1799: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1636:and Sirhind ( 1635: 1631: 1630:R.C. Majumdar 1626: 1624: 1623:Uttar Pradesh 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1570: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1527: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1439: 1438: 1434:According to 1433: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1405: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1350:Taj-ul-Maasir 1346: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1333:According to 1331: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1274: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1241: 1237: 1235: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1195: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1148:Taj-ul-Maasir 1145: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1134: 1128: 1125: 1124:Qiwam-ul Mulk 1121: 1120:Taj-ul-Maasir 1117: 1113: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079:solar eclipse 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1049:and captured 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 985: 980: 971: 969: 963: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 938: 934: 930: 926: 925: 920: 915: 913: 909: 905: 900: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 867: 865: 861: 857: 847: 845: 841: 840:R.C. Majumdar 837: 833: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 809: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 753: 749: 746: 745:Kalinjar Fort 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 705: 703: 702: 697: 693: 689: 685: 684: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 618: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 586:According to 584: 582: 578: 568: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 530: 528: 523: 519: 515: 509: 506: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 421:were born in 420: 416: 412: 408: 398: 396: 392: 388: 387: 382: 381: 375: 373: 369: 365: 364: 359: 355: 354: 350: 345: 344:anachronistic 341: 340: 335: 334: 329: 328: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 307: 302: 301: 296: 295: 290: 289: 279: 275: 266: 264: 263: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 221: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 171: 168: 164: 160: 157:Karpuradevi ( 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 139: 136: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 117: 109:December 1192 108: 104: 101: 96: 92: 88: 85: 82: 78: 75: 72: 68: 58: 54: 51: 46: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 3969: 3955:Amaragangeya 3935:Ajayaraja II 3928:12th century 3904:Chamundaraja 3864:Chandanaraja 3828:Gopendraraja 3729:. Retrieved 3722: 3699: 3678: 3657: 3633: 3614: 3593: 3583: 3579: 3552: 3528: 3506: 3484: 3460: 3448:Bibliography 3434: 3422: 3410: 3398: 3386: 3374: 3369:, p. 3. 3362: 3350: 3338: 3326: 3314: 3309:, p. 5. 3302: 3290: 3278: 3234: 3225: 3210: 3203: 3194: 3179: 3172: 3163: 3158: 3148: 3136: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3088: 3076: 3049: 3037: 2921: 2909: 2897: 2885: 2860: 2845: 2838: 2826: 2767: 2740: 2731: 2716: 2709: 2697: 2685: 2639: 2627: 2583: 2571: 2559: 2547: 2535: 2523: 2511: 2499: 2487: 2458: 2449: 2434: 2424: 2412: 2400: 2388: 2376: 2364: 2333: 2321: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2273: 2261: 2228: 2216: 2166: 2154: 2142: 2098: 2050: 2000:. Retrieved 1997:Drikpanchang 1996: 1986: 1970: 1968: 1961: 1957: 1955: 1948: 1942: 1932: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1888: 1870: 1858: 1848: 1843:Ain-i-Akbari 1841: 1827: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1798:Hasan Nizami 1786: 1785: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1745: 1708:Jejakabhukti 1686: 1670: 1627: 1621:and western 1591:Sutlej river 1588: 1578:Inscriptions 1566: 1557: 1556: 1551:Chand Bardai 1533: 1523: 1499: 1494:Chand Bardai 1489: 1487: 1482: 1468: 1458: 1450: 1435: 1425: 1410: 1390: 1388: 1380: 1379: 1364: 1363: 1349: 1341: 1334: 1332: 1315: 1284: 1278: 1271: 1268: 1258: 1238: 1230: 1207: 1192: 1185: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1163: 1155: 1147: 1143: 1137: 1131: 1129: 1123: 1119: 1116:Hasan Nizami 1111: 1110: 1095: 1070: 1045:crossed the 1024: 1006: 996: 991: 989: 982:A statue at 974:Other rulers 970:in 1192 CE. 964: 959: 955: 951: 947: 932: 928: 924:Ain-i-Akbari 922: 916: 896: 887: 873: 863: 853: 831: 829: 824: 810: 799: 789: 787: 761: 759: 750: 706: 699: 695: 691: 687: 681: 678:Paramal Raso 677: 673: 651: 614: 612: 607: 587: 585: 574: 558: 545: 533: 531: 526: 521: 517: 513: 510: 507: 498: 484: 461: 457: 453: 451: 430: 404: 384: 378: 376: 367: 361: 347: 337: 331: 325: 323: 319:Chand Bardai 314: 310: 304: 298: 292: 286: 283: 260: 222: 198:Sapadalaksha 189: 185: 177: 176: 111:(1192-12-00) 50:Sapadalaksha 25: 4021:1192 deaths 4016:1166 births 3813:Ajayaraja I 3803:Samantaraja 3731:9 September 1929:D. Yoganand 1851:South India 1819: 1260 1648:along with 1613:, northern 1609:, southern 1595:Betwa river 1506:Ranthambore 1445: 1304 1431:conspiracy. 1421:Govindaraja 1047:Indus River 884:Jayachandra 662:Bundelkhand 481:Early reign 363:Alha-Khanda 249:Govindaraja 229:Ghurid army 190:Rai Pithora 97:22 May 1166 70:Predecessor 63: 1177 3995:Categories 3965:Someshvara 3471:9004102361 3456:Andre Wink 1979:References 1937:(2022) by 1927:(1962) by 1899:Prithviraj 1700:Someshvara 1607:Uttrakhand 1567:jaya-patra 1159:succeeded. 1059:Chaulukyas 919:Abu'l-Fazl 904:swayamvara 876:Gahadavala 795:G. H. Ojha 737:Gahadavala 626:Jain monks 622:Bhadanakas 411:Someshvara 401:Early life 148:Someshvara 74:Someshvara 3945:Jagaddeva 3899:Viryarama 3874:Simharaja 3792:Chahamana 3724:The Hindu 3464:. BRILL. 1855:James Tod 1838:Abul Fazl 1777:Prabandha 1603:Rajasthan 1465:to death. 1371:Merutunga 940:Tilottama 892:Samyogita 856:Mount Abu 850:Paramaras 770:Chaulukya 739:ruler of 701:digvijaya 683:Alha-Raso 670:Paramardi 617:Pattavali 600:elephants 427:Chaulukya 415:Kalachuri 407:Chahamana 370:) of the 368:Alha Raso 353:Pattavali 218:Chandelas 206:Rajasthan 126:Sanyogita 80:Successor 3980:Hariraja 3940:Arnoraja 3808:Naradeva 3798:Vasudeva 3655:(2006). 3624:11038728 3574:(1886). 3550:(1959). 3482:(1988). 3458:(1991). 3156:(2001). 2432:(1977). 1905:(1933), 1893:(1924), 1757:Sanskrit 1729:Visalpur 1704:Arnoraja 1638:Bathinda 1502:Hariraja 1475:Firishta 1328:Firozkoh 1319:Firishta 1226:Firishta 1210:Bathinda 1189:himself. 1098:Peshawar 1067:Lodhruva 1001:fort in 986:in Delhi 899:Rajasuya 766:Bhima II 733:Jaichand 666:Chandela 658:Madanpur 592:infantry 550:Jonaraja 419:Hariraja 395:Viramade 372:Chandela 210:Thanesar 170:Hinduism 166:Religion 48:King of 2002:22 July 1781:Hammira 1723:Udaipur 1689:Katiya. 1683:Phalodi 1526:pandits 1345:Juzjani 1083:Naddula 1065:-ruled 1055:Gujarat 1037:-based 880:Kannauj 813:Bikaner 782:Veraval 780:). 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Prithviraj Chauhan

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