986:
51:
1140:
576:
1170:
897:
91:
655:
1614:
1177:
816:
50:
2235:
The period between the seventh and the twelfth century witnessed gradual rise of a number of new royal-lineages in
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, which came to constitute a social-political category known as 'Rajput'. Some of the major lineages were the Pratiharas of Rajasthan,
2419:
From Ajmer in
Rajasthan, the former capital of the defeated Cahamana Rajputs β also, significantly, the wellspring of Chishti piety the post-1192 pattern of temple desecration moved swiftly down the Gangetic Plain as Turkish military forces sought to extirpate local ruling houses in the late twelfth
2210:
When
Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutkas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among these dynasties
2326:
By contrast in
Rajasthan a single warrior group evolved called Rajput (from Rajaputra-sons of kings): they rarely engaged in farming, even to supervise farm labour as farming was literally beneath them, farming was for their peasant subjects. In the ninth century separate clans of Rajputs Cahamanas
2391:
The rise of a new section called the
Rajputs and the controversy about their origins have already been mentioned. With the break-up of the Pratihara empire, a number of Rajput states camne into existence in north India. The most important of these were the Gahadavalas of Kanauj, the Paramaras of
2480:
The
Chauhans (Cahamanas) Rajputs had emerged in the later tenth century and established themselves as a paramount power, overthrowing the Tomar Rajputs. In 1151 the Tomar Rajput rulers (and original builders) of Delhi were overthrown by Visal Dev, the Chauhan ruler of
2447:
The
Tomaras ultimately met their destruction at the hand of another Rajput clan, the Chauhans or Chahamanas. Delhi was captured from the Tomaras by the Chauhan king Vigraharaja IV (the Visala Deva of the traditional bardic histories) in the middle of twelfth
2211:
were the
Chaulukyas or Solankis of Kathiawar and Gujarat, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhan) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur), and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had then been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century.
483:
Several mythical accounts of the dynasty's origin also exist. The earliest of the dynasty's inscriptions and literary works state that the dynasty's progenitor was a legendary hero named
Chahamana. They variously state that this hero was born from
622:). The term also came to be applied to the larger area captured by the Chahamanas. The early medieval Indian inscriptions and the writings of the contemporary Muslim historians suggest that the following cities were also included in Sapadalaksha:
2351:
Muhammad of Ghor was another Afghan Turk invader. He established a much wider control in North India. The
Rajputs were unable to resist him, following his defeat of Prithviraja III, king of Chauhans, a Rajput clan based southeast of
514:
historians interpreted this myth to suggest a foreign origin of the dynasty, speculating that the foreign warriors were initiated into the Hindu society through a fire ritual. However, the earliest extant copy of
606:
was based in Ahichchhatrapura, which can be identified with modern Nagaur. The ancient name of Nagaur was Nagapura, which means "the city of the serpent". Ahichchhatrapura has a similar meaning: "the city whose
594:" or 125,000) refers to the large number of villages in the area. It became prominent during the Chahamana reign. It appears that the term originally referred to the area around modern
2236:
Uttar Pradesh and adjacent areas, the Guhilas and Chahamanas of Rajasthan, the Caulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Rajasthan and the Paramaras of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
3295:
299:
285:
260:
246:
2302:"From the process of migration and metamorphosis of lowly groups into Rajputs new Rajput clans were formed some of these clans The Pratiharas, Guhilas and Chahamanas
3080:
3300:
985:
969:
dethroned him, and regained control of a part of his ancestral kingdom. Hariraja was defeated by the Ghurids in 1194 CE. Govindaraja was granted the fief of
614:
As the Chahamana territory expanded, the entire region ruled by them came to be known as Sapadalaksha. This included the later Chahamana capitals Ajayameru (
90:
850:
3010:
2585:
2162:
893:(Vindhyan region) possibly acknowledged his suzerainty. Thus Vigraharaja's influence extended from the Himalayas to the Vindhyas, at least in name.
3290:
1588:
1139:
3285:
1169:
3203:
472:
Vatsa. Historian R. B. Singh theorizes that the Chahamanas probably started out as petty rulers of Ahichchhatrapura (identified with
17:
1624:
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari and Ajmer, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
885:. While this is an exaggeration, it is not completely baseless. The inscription was originally found in Topra village, near the
568:
suggest that it was a hot, arid region, where trees requiring little water grew. The region is identified with the area around
3074:
2440:
2412:
2372:
2344:
2327:(Chauhans), Paramaras (Pawars), Guhilas (Sisodias) and Caulukyas were splitting off from sprawling Gurjara Pratihara clans...
2319:
2283:
2256:
2228:
2203:
3234:
3156:
2378:
2289:
3260:
3280:
3197:
3150:
3126:
2465:
797:
1918:
1047:
853:. His kingdom included parts of the present-day Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi. It probably also included a part of
755:
2263:
This is curious statement for the Chahamanas were known to be one of the pre-eminent Rajput families regarded as..
719:
Simharaja's successors consolidated the Chahamana power by engaging in wars with their neighbours, including the
476:), and moved their capital to Shakambhari (Sambhar) as their kingdom grew. Later, they became the vassals of the
3004:
2579:
2064:
1075:
924:
805:
457:
3270:
2008:
974:
809:
701:
292:
1657:
667:
153:
3176:
3265:
2994:
2569:
2156:
942:
in 1182β83, although he could not annex the Chandela territory to his kingdom. In 1191, he defeated the
684:(a supernatural being). Little is known about his immediate successors. The 8th century Chahamana ruler
2358:
1152:
1002:
1481:
1418:
1264:
575:
414:
375:
3275:
1444:
1405:
1299:
955:
904:
869:). His 1164 CE Delhi-Shivalik pillar inscription claims that he conquered the region between the
437:
209:
560:. The text does not mention the exact location of the region. The later Sanskrit texts, such as
519:
does not mention this legend at all. Instead, it states that the first ruler of the dynasty was
2402:
2152:
1574:
1492:
951:
930:
The most celebrated ruler of the dynasty was Someshvara's son Prithviraja III, better known as
896:
846:
2246:
1009:
The Chahamanas commissioned a number of Hindu temples, several of which were destroyed by the
417:
of Bundelkhand. From 11th century onwards, they started facing Muslim invasions, first by the
3187:
2309:
1504:
1429:
793:
705:
3064:
554:
The term Jangladesha ("rough and arid country") appears to be older, as it mentioned in the
1092:
801:
8:
1197:
379:
341:
3066:
Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadi among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits
2189:
1617:
1593:
The Chahamanas of Shakambhari and main South Asian polities in 1175, on the eve of the
1472:
1385:
1361:
1030:
931:
751:
672:
619:
602:(vernacular form of Sapadalaksha) in as late as 20th century. The early Chahamana king
583:
477:
441:
3226:
3193:
3146:
3136:
3122:
3103:
3070:
3000:
2575:
2471:
2461:
2436:
2408:
2368:
2340:
2315:
2279:
2252:
2224:
2199:
1253:
878:
696:
made an attempt to overthrow the Gurjara-Pratihara suzerainty, and assumed the title
689:
677:
371:
367:
251:
108:
654:
429:
in the mid-12th century. The dynasty's power effectively ended in 1192 CE, when the
398:). For this reason, the Chahamana rulers are also known as the "Chauhans of Ajmer".
2398:
1931:
1312:
1288:
1116:
970:
947:
743:
569:
434:
410:
1085:
was known for his patronage to arts and literature, and himself composed the play
727:
of Delhi. The dynasty's earliest extant inscription (973 CE) is from the reign of
3220:
3172:
3140:
3116:
3097:
3060:
2430:
2362:
2334:
2273:
2218:
2193:
2077:
1948:
1879:
1866:
1644:
1352:
1087:
1014:
819:
713:
506:
504:. The earliest sources to mention this legend are the 16th century recensions of
387:
357:
758:
restored the Chahamana power, possibly with the help of the Naddula Chahamanas.
2091:
2051:
2021:
1892:
1853:
1797:
1784:
1754:
1613:
1560:
1545:
1396:
1373:
1241:
1226:
1082:
1069:
1055:
962:
920:
886:
838:
830:
823:
728:
724:
685:
579:
511:
426:
406:
278:
265:
57:
1176:
3254:
2426:
2242:
2185:
2161:. Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library. p. 147, Map "d".
1965:
1827:
1767:
1728:
1715:
1594:
1343:
1334:
1061:
1025:
943:
908:
693:
501:
489:
3230:
3107:
2475:
2269:
2038:
1978:
1814:
1741:
1460:
1133:
1125:
916:
866:
858:
776:β1135 CE) repulsed a Ghaznavid attack, and also defeated the Paramara king
766:
391:
2457:
Against history, against state : counterperspectives from the margins
95:
Approximate territory of the Chahamanas of Shakambhari circa 1150β1192 CE.
2455:
1702:
1676:
1211:
603:
556:
461:
3118:
The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200β2000
784:), a city that he either established or greatly expanded. His successor
401:
The Chahamanas fought several wars with their neighbours, including the
82:"Srimad vigra/ha raja de/va" in Devanagari; star and moon symbols below.
1275:
1136:
temple. Someshvara granted the Revna village to a Parshvanatha temple.
842:
789:
777:
716:("king of great kings"), which suggests that he was a sovereign ruler.
681:
639:
544:
497:
2928:
2926:
2721:
2719:
1905:
1840:
1605:
1323:
1148:
1120:
1038:
1021:
998:
990:
939:
882:
870:
762:
732:
720:
709:
659:
532:
520:
418:
402:
383:
337:
322:
2574:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (d).
800:. However, he suffered setbacks against the Gujarat Chaulukya kings
2104:
1991:
1689:
1128:
allowed the Jains to build their temples in his capital Ajayameru (
966:
935:
874:
785:
750:
invaded the Chahamana kingdom, and probably occupied their capital
697:
496:. A popular medieval account classifies the dynasty among the four
173:
129:
2923:
2779:
2716:
1608:
of the inscriptions issued during the Shakambhari Chahamana reign.
1078:
commissioned a number of temples, including five temples in Ajmer.
815:
2839:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2548:
1111:
1099:
1042:
1020:
Multiple Chahamana rulers contributed to the construction of the
631:
627:
453:
780:. He moved the kingdom's capital from Shakambhari to Ajayameru (
666:
The earliest historical Chahamana king is the 6th century ruler
531:
The core territory of the Chahamanas was located in present-day
2974:
2962:
2950:
2875:
2863:
2803:
2743:
2680:
2634:
2632:
2184:
1532:
1051:
1010:
994:
862:
854:
635:
595:
493:
473:
430:
422:
360:
3025:
2767:
2755:
2731:
2668:
2656:
2644:
2617:
2600:
2220:
Studying Early India: Archaeology, Texts and Historical Issues
2536:
1144:
1129:
890:
834:
781:
747:
643:
623:
615:
485:
469:
465:
395:
363:
clan. The territory ruled by them was known as Sapadalaksha.
317:
115:
3037:
2827:
2629:
2524:
2512:
2129:
1519:
1184:
591:
548:
540:
500:
Rajput clans, whose ancestors are said to have come out of
75:
2938:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2851:
2815:
2791:
2704:
2692:
2999:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 37, 147.
2216:
833:
greatly expanded the Chahamana territories, and captured
523:, who is said to have been born from Brahma's sacrifice.
2500:
2488:
2339:. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 59.
934:. He defeated several neighbouring kings, including the
78:
standing left, holding bow; "sri ra ma" in Devanagari.
2278:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 110.
3296:
States and territories established in the 5th century
378:
vassals. When the Pratihara power declined after the
590:
The term Sapadalaksha (literally "one and a quarter
2460:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 22.
1114:(cupolas) for the Jain temples at Ranthambore. The
788:raided the Tomara territory, and also defeated the
1110:(1136 CE) state that Prithviraja I donated golden
1091:. The structure that was later converted into the
3185:
3135:
3099:A study of the Cahamana inscriptions of Rajasthan
2980:
2968:
2932:
2881:
2869:
2845:
2809:
2785:
2749:
2725:
2686:
954:. However, the next year, he was defeated at the
889:(Himalayan foothills). Also, the exiled ruler of
488:'s eye, in the lineage of the sage Vatsa, in the
425:. The Chahamana kingdom reached its zenith under
394:moved the kingdom's capital to Ajayameru (modern
3252:
2566:For a theorized map of the Chahamana territory:
688:and his successors are known to have served the
3171:
3059:
2674:
2662:
2650:
2623:
2611:
2554:
2542:
662:temple was commissioned by the Chahamana rulers
366:The Chahamanas originally had their capital at
3114:
2956:
2833:
2638:
2357:
2248:Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History
958:by Muhammad of Ghor, and subsequently killed.
851:Vigraharaja IV's first war against the Muslims
492:and/or during a ritual sacrifice performed by
3301:States and territories disestablished in 1192
2453:
2425:
2397:
2241:
961:Muhammad of Ghor appointed Prithviraja's son
761:The subsequent Chahamana kings faced several
2992:
2567:
2307:
2268:
2151:
3218:
3095:
3043:
3031:
2944:
2917:
2905:
2893:
2857:
2821:
2797:
2773:
2761:
2737:
2710:
2698:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2494:
1024:temple, which was probably commissioned by
2332:
1620:, the most celebrated ruler of the dynasty
1132:), and also donated a golden kalasha to a
356:, the most prominent ruling family of the
1095:mosque was constructed during his reign.
374:). Until the 10th century, they ruled as
2407:. Oxford University Press. p. 108.
2251:. Oxford University Press. p. 792.
1612:
1138:
984:
973:by the Ghurids. There, he established a
895:
814:
708:. Vakpatiraja's elder son and successor
653:
574:
3291:12th-century disestablishments in India
3189:Historical Dictionary of Medieval India
2435:. Oxford University Press. p. 97.
14:
3253:
1479:
1442:
1427:
1416:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1310:
1297:
980:
3178:Speeches And Writings Har Bilas Sarda
2314:. Oneworld Publications. p. 64.
2311:India and South Asia: A Short History
1490:
1470:
1403:
1394:
1383:
1321:
1286:
1251:
1098:The Chahamana rulers also patronized
1054:temple at Narapura (modern Narwar in
1041:commissioned a large Shiva temple at
915:Vigraharaja was succeeded by his son
670:. According to a mythical account in
598:near Bikaner. This area was known as
336:was an early medieval kingdom in the
3083:from the original on 9 December 2023
3013:from the original on 6 February 2022
1273:
1262:
1182:
1173:
923:. Subsequently, his younger brother
464:was born at Ahichchhatrapura in the
3286:7th-century establishments in India
1572:
1143:Victory scene, Chahamanas Dynasty,
965:as a vassal. Prithviraja's brother
907:in 1192, against the forces of the
24:
3145:. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass.
2404:Essays on Islam and Indian History
2381:from the original on 10 March 2023
2364:History of Medieval India:800β1700
2217:Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya (2006).
1195:
1064:built a food distribution centre (
25:
3312:
2292:from the original on 12 July 2023
2198:. Psychology Press. p. 117.
2145:
1159:
798:Slaughter of Turushkas near Ajmer
3237:from the original on 3 July 2023
3206:from the original on 3 July 2023
3159:from the original on 3 July 2023
2996:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2993:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
2588:from the original on 5 June 2021
2571:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2568:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
2392:Malwa, and the Chauhans of Ajmer
2165:from the original on 5 June 2021
2158:A Historical Atlas of South Asia
1175:
1168:
877:, and thus restored the rule of
861:) and a portion of the northern
808:, and was killed by his own son
700:("great king"). His younger son
297:
283:
258:
244:
89:
49:
3069:. University of Chicago Press.
3052:
2986:
2560:
993:(Jainism), Chahamanas Dynasty,
3121:. Cambridge University Press.
2367:. Orient Longman. p. 62.
2177:
2122:
13:
1:
2139:
1662:
1597:invasion of the subcontinent.
1106:(1134 CE) and Chandra Suri's
1013:invaders after the defeat of
901:The last stand of the Rajputs
770:
736:
692:as vassals. In 10th century,
390:. In the early 12th century,
293:Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura
163:
61:
2420:and early thirteenth century
526:
348:, colloquially known as the
56:Coin of the Chahamana ruler
7:
460:, the early Chahamana king
10:
3317:
3186:Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008).
3181:. Ajmer: Vedic Yantralaya.
2272:(2010). Arnold, D. (ed.).
1153:National Museum, New Delhi
1003:National Museum, New Delhi
649:
611:or protector is serpent".
3261:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
3222:History of the ChΔhamΔnas
452:According to the 1170 CE
447:
346:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
313:
223:
219:
206:
196:
192:
184:
180:
160:
147:
143:
135:
125:
100:
88:
46:
41:
34:
18:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
3281:Dynasties of the Rajputs
2115:
706:Naddula Chahamana branch
440:Vigraharaja IV's nephew
114:later Ajayameru (Modern
3142:Early ChauhΔn Dynasties
3115:Cynthia Talbot (2015).
2223:. Anthem. p. 116.
2153:Schwartzberg, Joseph E.
956:second Battle of Tarain
905:Second Battle of Tarain
829:Arnoraja's younger son
340:region of northwestern
210:Second Battle of Tarain
2981:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2969:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2933:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2882:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2870:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2846:Iqtidar Alam Khan 2008
2810:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2786:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2750:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2726:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2687:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2454:Shail Mayaram (2003).
1621:
1156:
1006:
952:first Battle of Tarain
919:, and then his nephew
912:
857:(to the south-east of
826:
731:. During the reign of
663:
587:
566:Shabdakalpadruma Kosha
382:, the Chahamana ruler
344:. It was ruled by the
2308:David Ludden (2013).
1616:
1142:
1102:. Vijayasimha Suri's
988:
927:ascended the throne.
899:
818:
657:
578:
438:defeated and executed
3271:History of Rajasthan
3219:R. B. Singh (1964).
3096:Anita Sudan (1989).
2675:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2663:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2651:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2624:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2612:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2555:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2543:Alf Hiltebeitel 1999
1589:class=notpageimage|
1093:Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra
802:Jayasimha Siddharaja
754:for a brief period.
502:sacrificial fire pit
456:rock inscription of
107:Shakambhari (modern
27:Kingdom in Rajputana
3192:. Scarecrow Press.
3034:, pp. 312β316.
2957:Cynthia Talbot 2015
2834:Cynthia Talbot 2015
2740:, pp. 131β132.
2639:Cynthia Talbot 2015
2557:, pp. 220β221.
2333:Peter Robb (2011).
1151:, 10th century CE.
1108:Munisuvrata-Charita
1001:, 11th century CE.
981:Cultural activities
841:. He also defeated
723:of Gujarat and the
618:) and Shakambhari (
582:inscription on the
478:Imperial Pratiharas
380:Tripartite Struggle
350:Chauhans of Sambhar
342:Indian subcontinent
198:β’ Established
149:β’ 6th century
3266:Dynasties of India
2776:, p. 140-141.
2764:, p. 138-140.
2336:A History of India
2275:A History of India
2195:A History of India
2190:Dietmar Rothermund
1910:1040 (few months)
1622:
1157:
1117:Kharatara-Gachchha
1031:Prithviraja Vijaya
1007:
932:Prithviraj Chauhan
913:
827:
712:assumed the title
690:Gurjara-Pratiharas
676:, he received the
673:Prithviraja Vijaya
664:
588:
584:Delhi-Topra pillar
543:: SapΔdalakαΉ£a) or
535:. It was known as
442:Prithviraj Chauhan
421:, and then by the
386:assumed the title
3137:Dasharatha Sharma
3076:978-0-226-34055-5
3046:, pp. 51β70.
2959:, pp. 37β38.
2935:, pp. 69β70.
2728:, pp. 34β35.
2521:, pp. 10β12.
2442:978-0-19-564919-2
2414:978-0-19-565114-0
2374:978-81-250-3226-7
2346:978-0-230-34549-2
2321:978-1-78074-108-6
2285:978-1-4051-9509-6
2258:978-0-19-564050-2
2230:978-1-84331-132-4
2205:978-0-415-32919-4
2113:
2112:
1932:Durlabha-raja III
1451:
1436:
1104:UpadeΕΔmΔlavritti
1068:) on the road to
680:as a gift from a
678:Sambhar Salt Lake
413:of Malwa and the
372:Sambhar Lake Town
354:Chauhans of Ajmer
330:
329:
309:
308:
305:
304:
271:
270:
252:Pratihara dynasty
16:(Redirected from
3308:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3182:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3132:
3111:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3047:
3044:R. B. Singh 1964
3041:
3035:
3032:Anita Sudan 1989
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2945:R. B. Singh 1964
2942:
2936:
2930:
2921:
2918:R. B. Singh 1964
2915:
2909:
2906:R. B. Singh 1964
2903:
2897:
2894:R. B. Singh 1964
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2858:R. B. Singh 1964
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2822:R. B. Singh 1964
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2798:R. B. Singh 1964
2795:
2789:
2788:, p. 60-61.
2783:
2777:
2774:R. B. Singh 1964
2771:
2765:
2762:R. B. Singh 1964
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2738:R. B. Singh 1964
2735:
2729:
2723:
2714:
2711:R. B. Singh 1964
2708:
2702:
2699:R. B. Singh 1964
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2533:, p. 25-26.
2531:R. B. Singh 1964
2528:
2522:
2519:R. B. Singh 1964
2516:
2510:
2507:R. B. Singh 1964
2504:
2498:
2495:R. B. Singh 1964
2492:
2486:
2483:
2450:
2422:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2354:
2329:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2265:
2238:
2213:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2149:
2133:
2126:
1949:Vigraha-raja III
1880:Govinda-raja III
1867:Durlabha-raja II
1667:
1664:
1627:
1626:
1583:
1581:
1567:
1552:
1537:
1524:
1511:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1295:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1246:
1233:
1217:
1206:
1204:
1193:
1191:
1180:
1179:
1172:
977:of the dynasty.
948:Muhammad of Ghor
903:, depicting the
865:(to the west of
822:commissioned by
775:
772:
741:
738:
704:established the
551:: JangaladeΕa).
435:Muhammad of Ghor
405:of Gujarat, the
334:Kingdom of Ajmer
301:
300:
287:
286:
275:
274:
262:
261:
248:
247:
241:
240:
225:
224:
168:
165:
93:
70:
66:
63:
53:
36:Kingdom of Ajmer
32:
31:
21:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3276:Rajput monarchs
3251:
3250:
3249:
3240:
3238:
3209:
3207:
3200:
3173:Har Bilas Sarda
3162:
3160:
3153:
3129:
3086:
3084:
3077:
3061:Alf Hiltebeitel
3055:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3007:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2852:
2848:, p. xvii.
2844:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2610:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2582:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2468:
2443:
2415:
2384:
2382:
2375:
2347:
2322:
2295:
2293:
2286:
2259:
2231:
2206:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2092:Govinda-raja IV
2078:Prithviraja III
2052:Prithvi-raja II
2022:Vigraha-raja IV
1893:Vakpati-raja II
1854:Vigraha-raja II
1785:Chandra-raja II
1755:Durlabha-raja I
1665:
1618:Prithviraja III
1611:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1174:
1162:
1088:Harikeli Nataka
1050:commissioned a
1028:. According to
1015:Prithviraja III
983:
820:Bisaldeo temple
773:
739:
714:Maharajadhiraja
652:
586:, 12th century.
529:
517:Prithviraj Raso
507:Prithviraj Raso
450:
388:Maharajadhiraja
298:
284:
259:
245:
212:
199:
170:
166:
150:
121:
96:
84:
83:
68:
64:
54:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3314:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3248:
3247:
3225:. N. Kishore.
3216:
3198:
3183:
3169:
3151:
3133:
3127:
3112:
3093:
3075:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3005:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2947:, p. 159.
2937:
2922:
2920:, p. 128.
2910:
2908:, p. 124.
2898:
2896:, p. 104.
2886:
2874:
2862:
2860:, p. 221.
2850:
2838:
2836:, pp. 39.
2826:
2824:, p. 156.
2814:
2802:
2800:, p. 150.
2790:
2778:
2766:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2715:
2713:, p. 103.
2703:
2701:, p. 100.
2691:
2679:
2677:, p. 225.
2667:
2665:, p. 224.
2655:
2653:, p. 223.
2643:
2628:
2626:, p. 214.
2616:
2614:, p. 217.
2599:
2580:
2559:
2547:
2545:, p. 447.
2535:
2523:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2466:
2451:
2441:
2423:
2413:
2395:
2373:
2359:Satish Chandra
2355:
2345:
2330:
2320:
2305:
2284:
2266:
2257:
2239:
2229:
2204:
2176:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:(Rai Pithora)
2075:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1966:Prithvi-raja I
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1798:Govindaraja II
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1768:Govinda-raja I
1765:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1729:Chandra-raja I
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1716:Vigraha-raja I
1713:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:List of rulers
1158:
1083:Vigraharaja IV
1080:
1079:
1073:
1070:Somnath temple
1059:
1056:Ajmer district
1045:
982:
979:
963:Govindaraja IV
921:Prithviraja II
887:Shivalik Hills
863:Gangetic plain
831:Vigraharaja IV
824:Vigraharaja IV
740: 1040 CE
729:Vigraharaja II
686:Durlabharaja I
651:
648:
562:Bhava Prakasha
528:
525:
449:
446:
427:Vigraharaja IV
409:of Delhi, the
328:
327:
326:
325:
315:
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
295:
289:
288:
281:
279:Ghurid dynasty
272:
269:
268:
266:Tomara dynasty
263:
255:
254:
249:
237:
236:
231:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
178:
177:
171:
161:
158:
157:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
120:
119:
112:
104:
102:
98:
97:
94:
86:
85:
58:Vigraharaja IV
55:
48:
47:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3313:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3205:
3201:
3199:9780810864016
3195:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3158:
3154:
3152:9780842606189
3148:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3128:9781107118560
3124:
3120:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3045:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2989:
2983:, p. 41.
2982:
2977:
2971:, p. 38.
2970:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2907:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2884:, p. 26.
2883:
2878:
2872:, p. 87.
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2812:, p. 62.
2811:
2806:
2799:
2794:
2787:
2782:
2775:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2752:, p. 40.
2751:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2695:
2689:, p. 23.
2688:
2683:
2676:
2671:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2641:, p. 33.
2640:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2544:
2539:
2532:
2527:
2520:
2515:
2509:, p. 89.
2508:
2503:
2497:, p. 11.
2496:
2491:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2467:0-231-12730-8
2463:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2432:Ancient Delhi
2428:
2427:Upinder Singh
2424:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2399:Richard Eaton
2396:
2393:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2243:Romila Thapar
2240:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2186:Hermann Kulke
2180:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:Apara-gangeya
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:Ajaya-raja II
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:Chamunda-raja
1917:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:Chandana-raja
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1742:Gopendra-raja
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1666: 551 CE
1661:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1596:
1595:Ghurid Empire
1590:
1582:
1580:
1568:
1566:
1553:
1551:
1538:
1536:
1525:
1523:
1512:
1510:
1498:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1454:
1453:
1439:
1437:
1424:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1318:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1294:
1292:
1283:
1281:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1234:
1232:
1219:
1216:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1190:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
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1072:for pilgrims.
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638:region), and
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3239:. Retrieved
3221:
3208:. Retrieved
3188:
3177:
3161:. Retrieved
3141:
3117:
3102:. Research.
3098:
3085:. Retrieved
3065:
3053:Bibliography
3039:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
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2590:. Retrieved
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2383:. Retrieved
2363:
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2301:
2294:. Retrieved
2274:
2270:Burton Stein
2262:
2247:
2234:
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2209:
2194:
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2157:
2147:
2124:
2025:
1995:
1952:
1935:
1828:Vakpati-raja
1801:
1771:
1703:Ajaya-raja I
1677:Samanta-raja
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1134:Parshvanatha
1126:Ajayaraja II
1124:states that
1115:
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1103:
1097:
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1081:
1065:
1048:Chamundaraja
1029:
1019:
1008:
960:
929:
917:Amaragangeya
914:
900:
859:Sutlej river
847:Khusrau Shah
828:
767:Ajayaraja II
760:
756:Chamundaraja
718:
671:
665:
613:
608:
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565:
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555:
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537:Sapadalaksha
536:
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512:colonial-era
505:
482:
451:
400:
392:Ajayaraja II
365:
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349:
345:
333:
331:
234:Succeeded by
233:
228:
79:
72:
29:
3087:18 February
2132:: CΔhamΔna)
1668:(disputed)
1649:(mythical)
1636:Reign (CE)
1450:(RATNAPURA)
1388:GAHADAVALAS
1215:QARA KHITAI
1022:Harshanatha
971:Ranthambore
794:Bahram Shah
774: 1110
752:Shakambhari
604:Samantaraja
557:Mahabharata
521:Manikya Rai
462:Samantaraja
368:Shakambhari
229:Preceded by
167: 1193
69: 1164
65: 1150
3255:Categories
3006:0226742210
2581:0226742210
2140:References
2109:1193β1194
2083:1177β1192
2069:1169β1178
2065:Someshvara
2056:1165β1169
2043:1164β1165
2030:1150β1164
2026:Visaladeva
2009:Jagad-deva
2000:1135β1150
1983:1110β1135
1970:1090β1110
1957:1070β1090
1940:1065β1070
1923:1040β1065
1897:1026β1040
1884:1012β1026
1841:Simha-raja
1606:Find spots
1447:KALACHURIS
1432:KALACHURIS
1408:KACHCHAPA-
1280:GHAZNAVIDS
1267:CHAHAMANAS
1256:CHAULUKYAS
1200:KARAKHANID
1187:South Asia
1076:Someshvara
1066:anna-satra
989:Statue of
975:new branch
925:Someshvara
806:Kumarapala
778:Naravarman
721:Chaulukyas
682:vidyadhara
640:Mandalgarh
580:Visaladeva
498:Agnivanshi
458:Someshvara
419:Ghaznavids
403:Chaulukyas
136:Government
67: β c.
3163:5 October
2296:24 August
2105:Hari-raja
1992:Arno-raja
1906:Viryarama
1871:998β1012
1802:Guvaka II
1690:Nara-deva
1658:Vasu-deva
1645:Chahamana
1579:SULTANATE
1495:KAMARUPAS
1484:NAGVANSIS
1435:(TRIPURI)
1421:CHANDELAS
1315:KAKATIYAS
1304:CHALUKYAS
1291:PARAMARAS
1149:Rajasthan
1121:Pattavali
1039:Simharaja
999:Rajasthan
991:Neminatha
940:Paramardi
883:Aryavarta
871:Himalayas
843:Ghaznavid
837:from the
810:Jagaddeva
790:Ghaznavid
763:Ghaznavid
733:Viryarama
710:Simharaja
702:Lakshmana
660:Harshnath
646:region).
533:Rajasthan
527:Territory
415:Chandelas
411:Paramaras
384:Simharaja
376:Pratihara
338:Rajputana
323:Rajasthan
169:β1194 CE
126:Religion
3235:Archived
3231:11038728
3204:Archived
3175:(1935).
3157:Archived
3139:(1959).
3108:20754525
3081:Archived
3063:(1999).
3011:Archived
2592:25 March
2586:Archived
2476:52203150
2429:(1999).
2401:(2000).
2379:Archived
2361:(2007).
2290:Archived
2245:(2000).
2192:(2004).
2169:25 March
2163:Archived
2155:(1978).
1858:971β998
1845:944β971
1832:917β944
1819:890β917
1806:863β890
1789:836β863
1776:809β836
1772:Guvaka I
1759:784β809
1746:771β784
1733:759β771
1720:734β759
1707:721β734
1694:709β721
1681:684β709
1474:KARNATAS
1376:HOYSALAS
1364:KADAMBAS
1112:kalashas
967:Hariraja
936:Chandela
875:Vindhyas
873:and the
786:Arnoraja
744:Paramara
698:Maharaja
668:Vasudeva
642:(now in
634:(now in
626:(now in
433:invader
174:Hariraja
154:Vasudeva
139:Monarchy
130:Hinduism
80:Reverse:
73:Obverse:
42:551β1192
3241:17 June
3210:17 June
2448:century
2385:14 June
1565:EMIRATE
1507:EASTERN
1398:GUHILAS
1354:PANDYAS
1302:WESTERN
1202:KHANATE
1189:1175 CE
1100:Jainism
1043:Pushkar
950:at the
839:Tomaras
796:in the
765:raids.
742:), the
725:Tomaras
650:History
632:Mandore
628:Haryana
620:Sambhar
609:chhatra
600:Savalak
570:Bikaner
510:. Some
454:Bijolia
423:Ghurids
407:Tomaras
358:Chauhan
208:β’
185:History
162:β’
156:(first)
109:Sambhar
101:Capital
3229:
3196:
3149:
3125:
3106:
3073:
3003:
2578:
2474:
2464:
2439:
2411:
2371:
2343:
2318:
2282:
2255:
2227:
2202:
2024:alias
1994:alias
1953:Visala
1951:alias
1936:DuΕala
1934:alias
1800:alias
1770:alias
1633:Ruler
1577:MAKRAN
1563:SOOMRA
1535:MARYUL
1509:GANGAS
1410:GHATAS
1345:CHERAS
1336:CHOLAS
1325:SHILA-
1244:KUMAON
1231:EMPIRE
1229:GHURID
1052:Vishnu
1011:Ghurid
995:Narhar
938:ruler
879:Aryans
867:Yamuna
855:Punjab
792:ruler
636:Marwar
596:Nagaur
494:Brahma
474:Nagaur
448:Origin
431:Ghurid
361:Rajput
188:
176:(last)
3017:2 May
2481:Ajmer
2352:Delhi
2116:Notes
2096:1192
2013:1150
1548:LOHA-
1463:SENAS
1327:HARAS
1145:Sikar
1130:Ajmer
946:king
891:Malwa
845:King
835:Delhi
782:Ajmer
748:Bhoja
746:king
644:Mewar
624:Hansi
616:Ajmer
592:lakhs
486:Indra
466:gotra
396:Ajmer
318:India
116:Ajmer
3243:2016
3227:OCLC
3212:2016
3194:ISBN
3165:2016
3147:ISBN
3123:ISBN
3104:OCLC
3089:2017
3071:ISBN
3019:2022
3001:ISBN
2594:2021
2576:ISBN
2472:OCLC
2462:ISBN
2437:ISBN
2409:ISBN
2387:2022
2369:ISBN
2341:ISBN
2316:ISBN
2298:2021
2280:ISBN
2253:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2200:ISBN
2171:2021
2130:IAST
1522:GUGE
1278:LATE
804:and
769:(r.
735:(r.
658:The
564:and
549:IAST
541:IAST
470:sage
332:The
215:1192
76:Rama
2101:34
2088:33
2074:32
2061:31
2048:30
2035:29
2018:28
2005:27
1996:Ana
1988:26
1975:25
1962:24
1945:23
1928:22
1915:21
1902:20
1889:19
1876:18
1863:17
1850:16
1837:15
1824:14
1811:13
1794:12
1781:11
1764:10
1550:RAS
881:in
849:in
630:),
468:of
352:or
202:551
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2631:^
2602:^
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2324:.
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2188:;
2183:*
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111:)
20:)
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