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1315:. On 24 September 1990, Gorbachev persuaded the Supreme Soviet to give him the power to rule by unrestricted decree (on the economy, law and order, and the appointment of government personnel) until 31 March 1992. Another power was the right to declare direct presidential rule in troubled areas and abolish democratic elected bodies if necessary. During the election of the president several candidates were nominated, among leading contenders were KGB Chairman
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the
Supreme Soviet, including the President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, elected, not by the whole population, but by the Supreme Soviet, and accountable to the Supreme Soviet. Historical experience shows that such a structure of the supreme bodies is the most democratic, and safeguards the country against undesirable contingencies.
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According to the system of our
Constitution there must not be an individual president in the U.S.S.R., elected by the whole population on a par with the Supreme Soviet, and able to put himself in opposition to the Supreme Soviet. The president in the U.S.S.R. is a collegium, it is the Presidium of
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I solemnly swear to faithfully serve the peoples of our nations, to strictly observe the Soviet
Constitution, to guarantee the rights and freedoms of citizens and to conscientiously fulfill the high responsibilities placed in me as president of the Soviet
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98:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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The ability to appoint the Prime
Minister (who would then have to be approved by the Supreme Soviet), or, if necessary, to dismiss the Prime Minister, among other government ministers and officials
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Soviet Law from 14 March 1990 N 1360-I "On establishment of the
Presidency of the Soviet Union and amendments and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Soviet Union". Article III
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decided that they would elect the first president into a five-year term, then turn over presidential elections to the public beginning in the planned 1995 presidential election.
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between March 1985 and August 1991. He derived an increasingly large share of his power from his position as president through his resignation as
General Secretary following the
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was the deputy head of state. If the president was killed or unable to be in office, the vice president would become president. The only person to hold this office was
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The idea of the institution of a sole head of state (instead of collegial leadership) first appeared during the preparation of the draft
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in the mid-to-late 1970s. The latter attempt at establishing a
Presidency formed a part of Brezhnev's attempts at sidelining
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On the Draft
Constitution of the U.S.S.R - Report Delivered at the Extraordinary Eighth Congress of Soviets of the U.S.S.R.
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The ability to overrule government decisions that violated the constitution or endangered citizens rights and freedoms
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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chairman of that body, but all future elections were to have been by popular vote. The president reported to the
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of the Soviet Union on 19 August 1991. After three days the coup collapsed and
Gorbachev was restored.
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1405:, placed on a small table before the Congress, President-elect Gorbachev took the following oath: "
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1977 Soviet Constitution with amendments of 1989–1990. Chapter 15.1: President of the Soviet Union
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Nonetheless, the establishment of a singular Presidency was considered during the elaboration of
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The declaration of states of emergency or martial law within the borders of the Soviet Union
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Members of the Communist Party voted on establishing a presidency on 7 February 1990. The
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The nation's top representative abroad, with the ability to sign international treaties
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D. A. Lukashevich (2016). Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. Moscow. p. 448.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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in the early to mid-1960s and at the second, successful attempt under
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Head of state of the USSR in 1990–91; only held by Mikhail Gorbachev
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Following the coup attempt, Gorbachev remained president until the
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The power to restore citizenship to exiles or internal dissidents
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The ability to call for national referendums on important issues
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The presidency was an executive post, based on a mixture of the
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from 1990 to 1991. For the head of state from 1938 to 1989, see
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was the only person to occupy this office. Gorbachev was also
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Moscow, December 25, 1991: The Last Day of the Soviet Union
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Machine Building for Animal Husbandry and Fodder Products
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The ability to assign military ranks and honorary titles
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Briefly suspended from 19 to 21 August 1991 during the
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in 1977, the last four general secretaries—Brezhnev,
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Construction in the Far East and Transbaikal Regions
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Prior to the creation of the post of president, the
1143:Президент Союза Советских Социалистических Республик
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president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
167:Президент Союза Советских Социалистических Республик
91:
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Construction in the Urals and West Siberian Regions
2302:
Construction of Road Building and Communal Machines
1366:, who the following year became the leader of the
2462:Instrument-Making, Automation and Control Systems
4029:
3720:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2688:Construction in the Northern and Western Regions
2141:President and Vice President of the Soviet Union
1919:"Soviet Union – The U.S.S.R. from 1953 to 1991"
1853:
1401:With his right hand on a red bound copy of the
1894:"SOVIET PARTY VOTES TO DROP MONOPOLY ON POWER"
1429:Political Advisory Council under the President
1413:
116:accompanying your translation by providing an
82:Click for important translation instructions.
69:expand this article with text translated from
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1955:
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1093:
165:
2502:Machine Building for Light and Food Industry
2217:Automobile and Agricultural Machine Building
1869:. 6 December 1971. p. 1. Archived from
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1333:The ability to propose and veto legislation
1303:The president was initially elected by the
1300:head of state during their time in office.
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2637:Timber, Paper and Wood Processing Industry
2457:Installation and Special Construction Work
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1962:
1948:
1665:List of heads of state of the Soviet Union
1100:
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2577:Oil Processing and Petrochemical Industry
2442:Heavy and Transport Machines Construction
1751:. New York: Public Affairs. p. 120.
1296:, and Gorbachev—simultaneously served as
1164:from 15 March 1990 to 25 December 1991.
2793:Standards and Product Quality Management
2127:All-Union Government of the Soviet Union
1835:
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4053:1990 establishments in the Soviet Union
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2512:Machinery for Stock Raising and Feeding
2507:Machine Tool and Tool Building Industry
2292:Construction of Petrochemical Machinery
1803:
1801:
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1650:1990 Soviet Union presidential election
14:
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2889:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
1861:"Soviet Union: Whoa, Comrade Brezhnev"
1655:Index of Soviet Union-related articles
1330:Commander in chief of the armed forces
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2532:Medical and Microbiologiacal Industry
2207:Installation and Special Construction
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1943:
1891:
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2693:Construction in the Southern Regions
2487:Land Reclamation and Water Resources
2347:Electrical Power and Electrification
2287:Construction of Oil and Gas Industry
1798:
1240:first and only presidential election
51:
2678:Construction in the Eastern Regions
2237:Chemical and Oil Machinery Building
1680:List of leaders of the Soviet Union
1162:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
24:
4043:Heads of state of the Soviet Union
2652:Tractors and Agricultural Machines
2517:Manufacture of Communication Media
1892:Dobbs, Michael (8 February 1990).
1360:vice president of the Soviet Union
1207:, both at the first attempt under
25:
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2197:Agricultural Products Procurement
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1420:State Council of the Soviet Union
1270:head of state of the Soviet Union
1242:took place on 14 March 1990. The
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2267:Communication Equipment Industry
1779:Remnick, David (15 March 1990).
1504:
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207:15 March 1990 – 25 December 1991
191:
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128:{{Translated|ru|Президент СССР}}
56:
2642:Tool and Tool Building Industry
1911:
1885:
1716:Functions are succeeded by the
1274:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
310:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
214:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
40:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
4063:Titles held only by one person
4038:Government of the Soviet Union
2282:Construction of Heavy Industry
1844:
1819:
1738:
1710:
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218:Government of the Soviet Union
126:You may also add the template
13:
1:
3552:Political abuse of psychiatry
3344:Congress of People's Deputies
2547:Mineral Fertilizer Production
2307:Construction of Tool-Machines
2277:Construction of Fuel Industry
1781:"GORBACHEV ELECTED PRESIDENT"
1731:
1326:The president's powers were:
1305:Congress of People's Deputies
1244:Congress of People's Deputies
1114:president of the Soviet Union
1015:Political abuse of psychiatry
594:Congress of People's Deputies
292:Congress of People's Deputies
159:of Soviet Socialist Republics
4068:Presidents by former country
2297:Construction of Power Plants
2242:Cellulose and Paper Industry
1660:List of presidents of Russia
1205:the next Soviet Constitution
393:Politics of the Soviet Union
181:Flag of the President as the
45:Not to be confused with the
7:
3715:Academy of Medical Sciences
2227:Building Materials Industry
1670:Premier of the Soviet Union
1643:
1526:1 year, 285 days
1414:Presidential Administration
1374:, assuming the position of
1133:Prezident Sovetskogo Soyuza
1132:
554:Central Executive Committee
47:Premier of the Soviet Union
10:
4084:
2387:Foreign Economic Relations
1181:
1122:Президент Советского Союза
90:Machine translation, like
44:
30:This article is about the
29:
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2825:Timber and Paper Industry
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2582:Power and Electrification
2357:Electrotechnical Industry
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1981:
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910:Material balance planning
611:1989 Legislative election
372:
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318:
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278:
265:
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223:
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188:
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71:the corresponding article
2753:Labour and Social Issues
2432:Housing and Architecture
2412:General Machine-Building
2362:Environmental Protection
1813:16 February 2013 at the
1690:
1545:(until 27 December 1990)
1272:was the chairman of the
1188:1936 Soviet Constitution
1176:1991 coup d'état attempt
725:Administrator of Affairs
4006:Soviet Union portal
2587:Pulp and Paper Industry
2537:Medium Machine-Building
2522:Meat and Dairy Industry
2452:Industrial Construction
1923:Encyclopædia Britannica
1745:O'Clery, Conor (2011).
1718:CIS Executive Secretary
1632:
1581:
1563:
1549:
1446:
1396:
1067:Soviet Union portal
579:Soviet of Nationalities
137:For more guidance, see
3898:Stalinist architecture
3652:Science and technology
3562:Ideological repression
3490:Soviet Airborne Forces
3428:Destruction battalions
2830:Transport Construction
2788:Science and Technology
2657:Transport Construction
2562:Nuclear Power Industry
2557:Non-Ferrous Metallurgy
2437:Heavy Machine Building
2342:Electrical Engineering
1619:Communist Party of the
1577:(after 21 August 1991)
1530:Communist Party of the
1284:duties. Starting with
1201:
1010:Ideological repression
900:Science and technology
360:; 32 years ago
324:; 34 years ago
157:President of the Union
3680:List of metro systems
3233:Collective leadership
2622:Technical Cultivation
2402:Fruits and Vegetables
1383:country's dissolution
1196:
1148:president of the USSR
443:Collective leadership
358:25 December 1991
139:Knowledge:Translation
110:copyright attribution
18:President of the USSR
3642:Net material product
3585:Censorship of images
3502:Political repression
3462:Soviet Border Troops
3395:First Deputy Premier
2979:1965 economic reform
2974:Soviet space program
2820:Television and Radio
2572:Oil and Gas Industry
2352:Electronics Industry
2202:Agriculture and Food
2153:Presidential Council
1425:Presidential Council
1370:which attempted the
1294:Konstantin Chernenko
1223:similar to those of
1020:Political repression
985:Censorship of images
715:First Deputy Premier
453:Presidential Council
3710:Academy of Sciences
3525:Population transfer
3469:Soviet Armed Forces
3332:Congress of Soviets
3313:Presidium/Politburo
3277:Soviet anti-Zionism
3126:West Siberian Plain
3004:Revolutions of 1989
2941:Great Patriotic War
2926:New Economic Policy
2671:Regional ministries
2059:Vice heads of state
1898:The Washington Post
1785:The Washington Post
1722:President of Russia
1685:President of Russia
1403:Soviet Constitution
1387:President of Russia
1035:Suppressed research
1025:Population transfer
895:New Economic Policy
574:Soviet of the Union
544:Congress of Soviets
3355:Military Collegium
3223:Capital punishment
3101:Caucasus Mountains
3014:Post-Soviet states
2894:Russian Revolution
2783:State of Emergency
2738:Defense Technology
2718:Building Materials
2662:Urban Construction
2372:Ferrous Metallurgy
2158:Federation Council
1434:Federation Council
1146:), abbreviated as
1136:), officially the
769:Procurator General
757:Military Collegium
322:15 March 1990
313:(as head of state)
248:Supreme Commander
198:Only office holder
183:Commander-in-chief
118:interlanguage link
4048:Mikhail Gorbachev
4025:
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3989:
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3981:Hammer and sickle
3923:and their groups
3921:Soviet dissidents
3700:Communist Academy
3617:Economic planning
3593:
3592:
3486:Soviet Air Forces
3405:Security services
3325:General Secretary
3308:Central Committee
3250:Political parties
3182:Brezhnev Doctrine
3177:Foreign relations
3134:
3133:
3075:Autonomous okrugs
2989:Soviet–Afghan War
2969:Sino-Soviet split
2911:Russian Civil War
2838:
2837:
2397:Forestry Industry
2232:Chemical Industry
2222:Aviation Industry
2093:
2092:
1641:
1640:
1546:
1523:25 December 1991
1513:Mikhail Gorbachev
1209:Nikita Khrushchev
1168:Mikhail Gorbachev
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1051:
905:Era of Stagnation
847:
846:
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526:
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497:General Secretary
482:Central Committee
387:
386:
350:Mikhail Gorbachev
341:Mikhail Gorbachev
296:inaugurual holder
203:Mikhail Gorbachev
150:
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83:
79:
16:(Redirected from
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4014:
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3515:Collectivization
3260:Marxism–Leninism
3145:
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3034:
3033:
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2841:
2763:People's Control
2708:State Committees
2627:Textile Industry
2527:Medical Industry
2492:Machine Building
2467:Internal Affairs
2447:Higher Education
2382:Fishing Industry
2327:Defense Industry
2168:Security Council
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1964:
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1941:
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1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1742:
1725:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1578:
1574:Office abolished
1544:
1508:
1472:Political Party
1466:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1442:Security Council
1376:acting president
1217:Nikolai Podgorny
1155:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1000:Collectivization
860:
859:
824:De-Stalinization
798:Marxism–Leninism
793:Soviet democracy
787:
786:
690:State Committees
633:
632:
539:
538:
471:
470:
403:
389:
388:
368:
366:
361:
332:
330:
325:
288:(constitutional)
251:
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235:
195:
179:
170:
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154:
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129:
123:
96:Google Translate
81:
78:(September 2022)
77:
60:
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21:
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4021:
4000:
3998:
3985:
3933:
3907:
3827:
3741:
3686:
3658:
3632:Internet domain
3627:Five-year plans
3589:
3556:
3496:
3399:
3361:
3293:Communist Party
3281:
3240:Passport system
3130:
3106:European Russia
3084:
3023:
2964:Khrushchev Thaw
2943:(World War II)
2921:Creation treaty
2875:
2869:
2839:
2834:
2711:and commissions
2710:
2702:
2666:
2632:Timber Industry
2602:Rubber Industry
2542:Merchant Marine
2367:Foreign Affairs
2185:
2177:
2129:
2124:
2094:
2089:
2054:
1977:
1968:
1938:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1873:on 8 April 2008
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1698:
1693:
1646:
1636:Valentin Pavlov
1620:
1612:21 August 1991
1609:19 August 1991
1604:
1601:
1598:Gennady Yanayev
1576:
1575:
1567:Valentin Pavlov
1560:Gennady Yanayev
1553:Nikolai Ryzhkov
1543:
1531:
1516:
1496:Time in office
1484:Prime Ministers
1469:Term of office
1464:
1463:
1449:
1438:Defense Council
1416:
1399:
1364:Gennady Yanayev
1321:Nikolai Ryzhkov
1286:Leonid Brezhnev
1252:
1213:Leonid Brezhnev
1184:
1106:
1077:
1073:Other countries
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668:
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468:
466:Communist Party
458:
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416:
364:
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328:
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286:Direct election
249:
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3675:Rail transport
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3670:Railway system
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3398:
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3392:
3390:Deputy Premier
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3373:Heads of state
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3347:
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3338:Supreme Soviet
3335:
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3320:
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3305:
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3289:
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3255:State ideology
3252:
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3203:
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3121:Ural Mountains
3118:
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3111:North Caucasus
3108:
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2803:State Security
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2798:State Planning
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2723:Cinematography
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2647:Internal Trade
2644:
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2617:State Security
2614:
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2599:
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2592:Radio Industry
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2482:Light Industry
2479:
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2472:Iron and Steel
2469:
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2262:Communications
2259:
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2209:
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2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1982:Heads of state
1979:
1978:
1971:Heads of state
1967:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1910:
1884:
1852:
1843:
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1520:15 March 1990
1518:
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1498:
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1481:
1479:Vice President
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1356:
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1349:
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1334:
1331:
1313:Supreme Soviet
1307:and served as
1262:presidencies.
1251:
1248:
1183:
1180:
1153:Президент СССР
1108:
1107:
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917:
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902:
897:
892:
890:Kosygin reform
887:
885:Five-Year Plan
882:
880:Consumer goods
877:
869:
868:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
845:
844:
843:
842:
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826:
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813:
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802:
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766:
764:People's Court
761:
760:
759:
749:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
730:
729:
728:
727:
722:
720:Deputy Premier
717:
709:
708:
700:
699:
698:
697:
692:
687:
679:
678:
670:
669:
667:
666:
661:
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649:Official names
645:
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641:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
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617:
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615:
614:
613:
608:
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589:
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586:
581:
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568:
567:
564:Supreme Soviet
559:
558:
557:
556:
548:
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537:
534:
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529:
524:
523:
521:
520:
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510:
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500:
492:
491:
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489:
484:
479:
469:
464:
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460:
459:
456:
455:
450:
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440:
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438:
436:Vice President
433:
423:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
405:
404:
396:
395:
385:
384:
380:USSR dissolved
374:
370:
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356:
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351:
348:
344:
343:
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333:
320:
316:
315:
307:
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302:
300:
299:
289:
282:
280:
276:
275:
272:Kremlin Senate
269:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
238:His Excellency
227:
221:
220:
210:
209:
190:
189:
186:
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172:
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161:
160:
148:
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85:
66:
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55:
26:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
4080:
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3878:Printed media
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3811:Cyrillisation
3809:
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3804:
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3802:
3799:
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3794:
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3785:
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3779:Working class
3777:
3775:
3774:Soviet people
3772:
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3762:
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3622:Energy policy
3620:
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3364:
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3353:
3352:
3351:
3350:Supreme Court
3348:
3345:
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3333:
3330:
3326:
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3309:
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3258:
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3209:
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2952:The Holocaust
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3769:Demographics
3759:Antisemitism
3612:Central Bank
3530:Forced labor
3478:Spetsnaz GRU
3377:
3298:organisation
3206:Human rights
3155:Constitution
3038:Subdivisions
2916:Russian SFSR
2872:Soviet Union
2728:Construction
2607:Shipbuilding
2567:Oil Industry
2407:Gas Industry
2272:Construction
2140:
1975:Soviet Union
1926:. Retrieved
1922:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1897:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1871:the original
1864:
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1821:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1747:
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1621:Soviet Union
1615:2 days
1603:
1596:
1585:Ivan Silayev
1573:
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1532:Soviet Union
1517:(1931–2022)
1511:
1493:Left office
1490:Took office
1406:
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1319:and Premier
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638:Constitution
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347:Final holder
337:First holder
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242:(diplomatic)
201:
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114:edit summary
105:
76:
68:
36:Soviet Union
4058:Perestroika
3873:Phraseology
3818:Prohibition
3806:Linguistics
3791:Drug policy
3784:1989 census
3705:Cybernetics
3607:Agriculture
3520:Great Purge
3482:Soviet Navy
3474:Soviet Army
3346:(1989–1991)
3340:(1938–1991)
3334:(1922–1936)
3318:Secretariat
3189:Gun control
3096:Caspian Sea
3080:Closed city
3009:Dissolution
2994:Perestroika
2936:Great Purge
2612:State Farms
2086:(1990–1991)
2080:(1988–1990)
2074:(1986–1988)
2068:(1977–1986)
2051:(1988–1991)
2045:(1985–1988)
2039:(1984–1985)
2033:(1983–1984)
2027:(1977–1982)
2021:(1965–1977)
2015:(1964–1965)
2009:(1960–1964)
2003:(1953–1960)
1997:(1946–1953)
1991:(1922–1946)
1705:August Coup
1602:(1937–2010)
1465:(Born-Died)
1372:August coup
1156:), was the
990:Great Purge
956:Phraseology
875:Agriculture
830:Perestroika
705:Premiership
535:Legislature
513:Secretariat
4032:Categories
3913:Opposition
3903:Television
3883:Propaganda
3856:Literature
3730:Naukograds
3725:Sharashkas
3659:(currency)
3637:Inventions
3580:Censorship
3510:Red Terror
3194:Government
3068:Autonomous
3051:Autonomous
2984:Stagnation
2947:Evacuation
2815:Statistics
2778:Metallurgy
2773:Publishing
2552:Metallurgy
2183:Ministries
2001:Voroshilov
1877:24 January
1732:References
1309:ex officio
1282:figurehead
1040:Red Terror
1030:Propaganda
980:Censorship
971:Repression
685:Ministries
675:Government
629:Governance
415:Leadership
373:Succession
365:1991-12-25
329:1990-03-15
250:(military)
234:(informal)
73:in Russian
3974:Republics
3962:Republics
3950:Republics
3801:Languages
3665:Transport
3547:Holodomor
3440:Militsiya
3378:President
3270:Stalinism
3172:Elections
3046:Republics
3029:Geography
3019:Nostalgia
2931:Stalinism
2758:Logistics
2337:Education
2134:All-Union
2066:Kuznetsov
2049:Gorbachev
2037:Chernenko
1928:6 October
1764:15 August
1475:Election
1459:Portrait
1127:romanized
946:Education
915:Transport
811:Stalinism
741:Judiciary
584:Presidium
508:Politburo
426:President
355:Abolished
319:Formation
306:Precursor
279:Appointer
267:Residence
132:talk page
4017:Category
3570:Religion
3457:Chairmen
3303:Congress
3265:Leninism
3245:Propiska
3140:Politics
2999:Glasnost
2959:Cold War
2899:February
2808:Chairmen
2597:Railways
2392:Forestry
2257:Commerce
2212:Armament
2173:Premiers
2078:Lukyanov
2072:Demichev
2031:Andropov
2025:Brezhnev
2019:Podgorny
2007:Brezhnev
1995:Shvernik
1811:Archived
1720:and the
1644:See also
1229:Bulgaria
961:Religion
837:Glasnost
806:Leninism
782:Ideology
695:Cabinets
477:Congress
274:, Moscow
108:provide
3938:Symbols
3851:Fashion
3833:Culture
3747:Society
3692:Science
3657:Rouble
3599:Economy
3575:Science
3385:Premier
3366:Offices
3228:Leaders
3148:General
3116:Siberia
3089:Regions
3063:Oblasts
2904:October
2881:History
2733:Defense
2477:Justice
2417:Geology
2377:Finance
2332:Economy
2322:Defense
2317:Culture
2084:Yanayev
2043:Gromyko
2013:Mikoyan
1989:Kalinin
1973:of the
1903:5 March
1790:5 March
1298:de jure
1267:de jure
1233:Romania
1182:History
1160:of the
1129::
1118:Russian
930:Culture
865:Economy
856:Society
606:Speaker
518:Orgburo
487:History
421:Leaders
363: (
327: (
246:Comrade
130:to the
112:in the
75:.
34:of the
3957:Emblem
3945:Anthem
3893:Sports
3846:Cinema
3841:Ballet
3823:Racism
3796:Family
3286:Bodies
2874:topics
2768:Prices
2427:Health
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1605:Acting
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951:Family
408:
3888:Radio
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3861:Music
3764:Crime
3535:Gulag
3413:Cheka
3058:Krais
1691:Notes
376:None
225:Style
92:DeepL
3969:Flag
3927:List
3735:List
3647:OGAS
3540:List
3423:NKVD
3211:LGBT
3199:List
3165:1977
3160:1936
2188:list
2146:list
1930:2018
1905:2019
1879:2011
1866:Time
1792:2019
1766:2018
1753:ISBN
1537:1990
1462:Name
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1397:Oath
1358:The
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1112:The
664:1977
659:1936
654:1924
431:list
256:Type
106:must
104:You
3452:KGB
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3435:MVD
3418:GPU
3218:Law
1455:No.
747:Law
94:or
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