President of Singapore

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particular, the PEC must be satisfied that the potential candidates are persons of integrity, good character and reputation; and if they have not previously held certain key government offices or acted as chairman of the board of directors or CEO of a company incorporated or registered under the Companies Act with shareholders' equity of at least $ 500 million, that they held a position of comparable seniority and responsibility in the public or private sector that has given them experience and ability in administering and managing financial affairs. The PEC consists of the chairman of the

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total number of electors registered to vote overseas is less than the difference between the number of votes for the two candidates with the highest number of votes. If so, the returning officer declares the candidate with the highest number of votes to be elected as president. If not, the overseas votes may be decisive. The returning officer then states the number of votes cast for each candidate and the date and location where the overseas votes will be counted.

1444: 580: 3609: 1462:'s term or if the president is for some reason unable to complete their term; for example, due to death, resignation, or removal from office for misconduct or mental or physical infirmity. If the office of president becomes vacant before the incumbent's term expires, a poll for an election must be held within six months. In other cases, an election can take place any time from three months before the expiry of the incumbent's term of office. 2168: 1585:'s turnouts of 94.80% and 95.81%, respectively. The Elections Department published the overseas vote count on 12 September. Only 3,799 votes were accepted for counting, of which only 78 votes were rejected. Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Ng Kok Song, and Tan Kin Lian garnered 2,834, 595, and 292 votes, respectively, which saw only a 0.01% change in Tharman's and Tan's respective voting percentages. ELD also said that 2,997 1730:, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully discharge my duties as such to the best of my ability without fear or favour, affection or ill-will, and without regard to any previous affiliation with any political party, and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Republic, and that I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore. 1816:

household expenses (Class III) is $ 2,762,308, an increase from $ 694,000. This allowance is used to cover the maintenance of the Istana, vehicles, utilities and other supplies, as well as for ceremonies and celebrations. The increase was to cater for higher expenses for maintaining computer systems, buildings and land, and to account for inflation.

1785: 3199:

Constitution, Arts. 22(3) and (4). The Legislature can pass a law requiring the President to act after consultation with, or on the recommendation of, any person or body of persons other than the Cabinet in the exercise of their functions other than those exercisable in his personal discretion or in

1819:

Class IV expenses for "special services" are $ 550,000. In previous years, this sum was used to cover various expenses such as the cost of replacing state cars and installing a new document repository. Overall, the current civil list of $ 9,491,100 represents a decrease of about 18% from the sum for

1517:

In addition, candidates must obtain political donation certificates from the registrar of political donations stating that they have complied with the Political Donations Act, and file their nomination papers with the returning officer on nomination day. A deposit must also be paid. The candidate is

3709:

Constitution, Arts. 22L(1)(a) to (c). The office of President also becomes vacant if it is determined that the election of the President was void and no other person was duly elected as President, or if on the expiration of the incumbent's term the person declared elected as President fails to take

1721:

The person elected to the office of president assumes office on the day his predecessor ceases to hold office or, if the office is vacant, on the day following the election. Upon assumption of office, the president is required to take and subscribe in the presence of the chief justice or of another

1430:

In November 2016, further amendments provide for "reserved elections" for a particular racial group (Chinese, Malay and Indian/other minority) — if that community has not been represented for five presidential terms. Other amendments were made to expand the list of key government companies eligible

1169:

to invest moneys belonging to it; and the borrowing of money, the giving of any guarantee or the raising of any loan by the government if in the president's opinion the bill is likely to draw on reserves not accumulated by the Government during its current term of office. In addition, the president

3455:

The disqualification of a person under clauses (d) and (e) may be removed by the President and shall, if not so removed, cease at the end of five years beginning from the date on which the return mentioned in clause (d) was required to be lodged or, as the case may be, the date on which the person

1573:

during a press conference and congratulated Tharman, stating that there was a clear result and there was no need to wait for the final results. At about 23:30, Tan congratulated Tharman, but refused to concede until the actual results were announced. The local results were announced at about 00:23

1549:

may ask the returning officer for a recount of votes if the difference between the number of votes for the candidate with the most votes and any other candidate's number of votes is 2% or less. After all counts, and recounts if any, have been completed, the returning officer ascertains whether the

1477:

specifying the date and place of nomination day. Potential candidates must obtain certificates of eligibility from the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC), the function of which is to ensure that such persons have the necessary qualifications to be nominated as a candidate for the election. In

1308:(g) being disqualified under any law relating to offences in connection with elections to Parliament or the office of President by reason of having been convicted of such an offence or having in proceedings relating to such an election been proved guilty of an act constituting such an offence. 1815:

explained that this sum was to cater for the salaries of an additional staff officer to support the work of the Council of Presidential Advisers, and a butler manager; and to meet higher variable staff salary payments due to the nation's strong economic growth. The allowance for the Istana's

1004:

However, the president is able to exercise some powers in their personal discretion such as preventing the government of the day from drawing on the reserves which were not accumulated during its current term of office, revoking or appointing any of the public offices under Article 22 of the

1076:

accredited to Singapore present their credentials to the president, and the president is called upon by visiting foreign dignitaries. In addition, the president contributes to the nation's external relations by undertaking overseas trips on Cabinet's advice. The president also serves as the

1148:

or of a minister acting under the general authority of the Cabinet. In addition, the president is required to consult the Council of Presidential Advisers (CPA) when performing some of their functions. In other cases, they may consult the CPA if they wish to but is not bound to do so.

992:

of Singapore. In addition to being the head of state, it is also the function of the president to safeguard the national reserves and the integrity of the public service of Singapore. The executive authority of Singapore is vested in the president and exercisable by them or by the

1301:

10,000 (or equivalent in foreign currency) and having not received a free pardon. The person if convicted by a foreign court of law shall not be disqualified unless the offence is also one which, had it been committed in Singapore, would have been punishable by a court of law in

1170:

may withhold assent to any Supply Bill, Supplementary Supply Bill or Final Supply Bill for any financial year if in their opinion the estimates of revenue and expenditure, supplementary estimates or statement of excess are likely to lead to a drawing on past reserves.

1805:"), an entertainment allowance ($ 73,000) and an allowance for an acting president ($ 4,500), is $ 1,646,400. The privy purse was reduced from $ 4,267,500 after the president accepted the Ministerial Salaries Review Committee's recommendations on the matter. 807:

from 1979 to 1981, prior to his presidency, who then resigned in 1985. Whilst the apparent reason for Nair's resignation was to seek recovery from his alcoholism, Nair disputes the account, claiming that he was forced out of office by former Prime Minister

1234:

to draw $ 4.9 billion from past financial reserves to meet current budget expenditure, the first time it had done so. The sum was used to fund the government's Resilience Package consisting of two schemes aimed at preserving jobs and businesses during the

1800:

for the maintenance of the president, and it does so by way of the Civil List and Gratuity Act. With effect from 17 February 2012, the sum under Class I of the list, which includes the president's personal pay ($ 1,568,900, known by the British term the

1294:(d) having been nominated for election to Parliament or the office of President or having acted as election agent to a person so nominated, failing to lodge any return of election expenses required by law within the time and in the manner so required; 1767:

In the case when the president is unable to perform their duties, their powers are temporarily transferred to the chairman of the Council of Presidential Advisers (CPA). If the chairman of the Council of Presidential Advisers is not available, the

835:

became worried that there would one day be a "freak election result" where the PAP would no longer have control over the Parliament and opposition parties would have unfettered access to the government's reserves. As such, in January 1991, a

1431:

for the candidacy, and, for candidates using their private sector experience, the use of $ 500 million of shareholder equity instead of $ 100 million in paid-up capital. The changes went into effect in April 2017. Prime Minister

979:

In November 2023, the parliament of Singapore passed a bill to amend the constitution to allow the President of Singapore to hold international positions in their private capacity, only if the position is of national interest.

3465:

A person shall not be disqualified under this clause by reason only of anything done by him before he became a citizen of Singapore: Constitution, Art. 45(2). In clause (f), "foreign country" does not include any part of the

1544:

without opening them. Candidates or their polling agents may also affix their own seals to the ballot boxes. The ballot boxes are then taken to counting centres to be opened and the ballots counted. A candidate or his or her

890:

as the first elected president on the basis that he held and exercised the powers of the elected president. This was a result of transitional provisions in the Constitution of Singapore in 2017, which were affirmed by the

1589:

had been downloaded and 2,263 mails were received as of the cut-off date of 11 September, of which only 1,345 had been accepted. The final turnout was 2,534,711, increasing its percentage by 0.14%, from 93.41% to 93.55%.

1156:

of the day to draw down reserves that it did not accumulate. Thus, a guarantee may only be given or a loan raised by the government if the president concurs, and their approval is also needed for budgets of specified

816:, who served as the Ambassador of South Korea and Japan from 1980 to 1984 prior to his presidency until 1993 and was the first president to exercise custodial powers pursuant to the constitutional amendments in 1991. 1097:

Presidents have also used the office to champion charitable causes. Wee Kim Wee promoted sports and volunteerism; Ong Teng Cheong promoted culture and the arts, particularly music; and S. R. Nathan established the

940:

In 2016, further amendments to the Constitution were passed providing for "reserved elections" for a particular ethnic community, if that community has not provided a president in the past five presidential terms.

2963: 4021:

is a vote that is permitted to be cast by a person claiming to be a voter named in the electoral register who turns up at a polling station after someone also claiming to be that voter has already voted: s.

4049: 1275:

The president must be resident in Singapore at the date of their nomination for election, and must have been so resident for periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than ten years prior to that date.

1164:

The president also possesses personal discretion to withhold assent to any bill in Parliament providing directly or indirectly for the direct or indirect variation, changing or increase in powers of the

952:

from 2013 to 2017, prior to her presidency, took office on 14 September 2017. She was the sole eligible candidate under the new reform terms which took effect earlier that year. Yacob was also the first

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Sample counts were announced at about 22:42 and showed that Tharman Shanmugaratnam was leading with 70% of the votes, followed by Ng Kok Song with 16%, and Tan Kin Lian with 14%. At about 23:15, Ng

7141: 906:, who served as the Ambassador of the United States from 1990 to 1996 prior to his presidency. He ran unopposed, and became president by virtue of being the sole candidate deemed qualified by the 4403: 1001:" in the Cabinet. In most cases, the president is bound to exercise their powers in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or of a minister acting under the general authority of the Cabinet. 2744: 3640: 5761: 2846: 4251: 4139: 1409:

which has given him such experience and ability in administering and managing financial affairs as to enable him to carry out effectively the functions and duties of the office of president.

1050:, the president is also jointly vested with legislative authority. The president's primary role in the exercise of legislative power to make laws is assenting to bills passed by Parliament. 2903: 1297:(e) having been convicted of an offence by a court of law (whether in Singapore or not) and sentenced to imprisonment for a term of not less than one year or to a fine of not less than 1219:, was marked by the differences between the government and him, concerning the extent of his discretionary fiscal powers. Discussions culminated in the government issuing a non-binding 5159: 1518:

declared to have been elected president if only one candidate is nominated. Otherwise, the returning officer issues a notice of contested election specifying when polling day will be.

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The powers of the president are divided into those which the president may exercise in their own discretion, and those which must be exercised in accordance with the advice of the

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and undue influence. Legal changes introduced in 2010 made the eve of polling day a "cooling-off day" – campaigning must not take place on that day and on polling day itself.

3456:

convicted as mentioned in clause (e) was released from custody or the date on which the fine mentioned in clause (1) (e) was imposed on such person: Constitution, Art. 45(2).

2872: 1305:(f) having voluntarily acquired the citizenship of, or exercised rights of citizenship in, a foreign country, or having made a declaration of allegiance to a foreign country; 679:. The initial role of the president was largely ceremonial and symbolic, carrying residual powers, but the role was later vested with some executive power which includes the 7059: 6025: 3679: 2955: 4525:

Elgin Toh (1 September 2017), "Pillay takes on role of acting president: CPA chairman will fill post until after Polling Day on Sept 23, or Nomination Day on Sept 13",

4190: 768:

The office of the President of the Republic of Singapore was created on 22 December 1965, retrospective to 9 August 1965, on which Singapore achieved independence from

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The Principles for Determining and Safeguarding the Accumulated Reserves of the Government and the Fifth Schedule Statutory Boards and Government Companies

2816: 1401:

in any other similar or comparable position of seniority and responsibility in any other organisation or department of equivalent size or complexity in the

2925: 1225:

The Principles for Determining and Safeguarding the Accumulated Reserves of the Government and the Fifth Schedule Statutory Boards and Government Companies

4164: 3325: 7069: 5858: 5140: 2638: 1525:, whichever is greater. Permits must be obtained to hold election meetings and display posters and banners, and a number of acts are unlawful, including 1103: 4413: 3110: 1435:

later explained that while he expected the "reserved election" policy to be unpopular among the population, he believed it was "the right thing to do".

7118: 6000: 5625: 5492: 2752: 6845: 3648: 658: 2842: 5990: 5733: 4243: 4131: 4735:

Safeguarding Financial Assets and the Integrity of the Public Services: The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment No. 3) Bill [

5980: 5316: 2895: 1258:

A person who wishes to run for the office of president has to fulfil stringent qualifications set out in the Constitution, which are as follows:

910:(PEC). He served his first term of office from 1999 to 2005 before being re-elected unopposed again for a second term, and he served until 2011. 617: 2490: 1065:

with an address drafted by the Cabinet setting out the government's agenda for the session, and may address Parliament and send messages to it.

1061:

are: "Be it enacted by the president with the advice and consent of the Parliament of Singapore, as follows:". The president usually opens each

6035: 5620: 5421: 4977: 3272:

Constitution, Art. 22G. The Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau's powers of investigation derive from the Prevention of Corruption Act (

1053:

As the president exercises this constitutional function in accordance with the Cabinet's advice and not in their personal discretion except in

5995: 5723: 5174: 1458:

The president holds office for a term of six years from the date on which they assume office. The office falls vacant upon the expiry of the

1201:(MP) who, in their opinion, is likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. The president has certain powers of oversight over the 7064: 5782: 1511: 4274: 6085: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 1772:

performs the duties of the president. If both are unavailable the presidential functions are performed by an individual appointed by the

457: 4562: 3173: 6421: 6118: 5900: 5888: 5743: 5523: 5212: 1387: 4447: 3719:

Assuming a writ for a presidential election has not yet been issued before the vacation of office or, if it has been issued, has been

2665: 7176: 7098: 3902: 6615: 6243: 6172: 5895: 5830: 5728: 5680: 5376: 5179: 2868: 1483: 676: 4497: 1054: 212: 6449: 6067: 5808: 5766: 5290: 5133: 4696: 4469: 852: 823:(PAP), who at the time occupied all the parliamentary seats in Singapore, suffered their first parliamentary loss in 15 years to 781: 688: 651: 462: 5050: 4079: 6560: 6370: 5756: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 2469: 2408: 2386: 2331: 2279: 2265: 2206: 2154: 2144: 2087: 2060: 2003: 1996: 1989: 1979: 1924: 1917: 1769: 1578: 1559: 1487: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1337: 1319: 1202: 1022: 973: 949: 922: 879: 864: 757: 707: 329: 4887:

Ng, Ya Ken (28 July 2011), "Stick to Constitution: 'State what contributions they would render in the purview, if elected' ",

3671: 2499: 1482:, who is also the chairman of the PEC, the chairman of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority, and a member of the 590: 7015: 6917: 6838: 6294: 6041: 5353: 5184: 4794: 4767: 4704: 4681: 4662: 1479: 1345: 1182: 362: 2495: 6192: 5954: 5343: 5106: 3384:"Concerns about economy go back to mid-2008: President makes public for first time his decision to allow use of reserves", 3373: 2726: 2512: 1808:

The salaries for the president's personal staff (Class II) amount to $ 4,532,400. Speaking in Parliament on 10 March 2011,

1123: 860: 359: 3326:"'I had a job to do' whether the Government liked it or not, says ex-President Ong – extended interview with Roger Mitton" 7121: 7030: 6970: 6791: 6131: 5326: 5059: 1329: 1248: 1032: 844: 610: 561: 174: 152: 4715:

Report of the Select Committee on the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment No. 3) Bill (Bill No. 23/90)

2500: 2491: 925:

by a narrow margin in a four-cornered fight. He was sworn in as the seventh president of Singapore on 1 September 2011.

7040: 7005: 6873: 6005: 5615: 5426: 5126: 4970: 2309: 2184: 1190: 1186: 1107: 1018: 1014: 4218: 7124: 6223: 6020: 5863: 5803: 5675: 5481: 5348: 5194: 5189: 4132:"PE 2023: Tan Kin Lian doesn't concede defeat after sample count, but congratulates Tharman for 'success in contest'" 3575: 3286: 2707: 2497: 1582: 1236: 934: 918: 875: 856: 695:

process, as well as to revoke and appoint public service appointments among other powers listed in the Constitution.

3806: 2492: 1025:(CPIB) and decisions of the Executive under the Internal Security Act and the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act. 40: 7171: 6831: 6580: 6444: 6401: 6167: 5964: 2494: 2346: 1091: 1087: 1073: 907: 733:. Another constitutional amendment was made in 2016, that allows for a presidential election to be reserved for an 3318:), Ministerial Statement, "Issues Raised by President Ong Teng Cheong at his Press Conference on 16th July 1999", 1158: 1133: 6985: 6887: 6464: 6416: 6046: 5868: 5708: 4867:

Gwee, Kim Leng (28 July 2011), "People's voice: 'If Mr Tan wanted it his way, he should have stood in the GE' ",

4374: 4350: 3315: 1809: 1372: 1137: 997:

or any minister authorised by the Cabinet. However, the Constitution vests "general direction and control of the

675:"Lord of the State") was created. The office was later succeeded by the President of Singapore after Singapore's 344: 4611:

Lee, Yvonne C.L. (2007), "Under Lock and Key: The Evolving Role of the Elected President as a Fiscal Guardian",

855:

and revoke or appoint public service appointments. The president can also examine the government's usage of the

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In Singapore, its citizens are organised under the CMIO (Chinese–Malay–Indian–Other) system of categorisation.

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The president has personal discretion as to whether to approve budgets or financial transactions of specified

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Wan, Wai Yee (1994), "Recent Changes to the Westminster System of Government and Government Accountability",

3119: 2586: 1521:

During the election period, a candidate may not spend more than $ 600,000 or 30 cents for each person on the

1364: 1341: 1205:

and decisions of the Executive under the Internal Security Act and the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act.

1178: 1010: 402: 366: 2817:"Law allows Parliament to count Wee Kim Wee's term in triggering reserved presidential election: High Court" 2498: 1058: 7011: 6976: 6913: 6600: 6500: 6439: 6233: 6218: 6182: 5933: 5910: 5635: 5610: 5399: 5386: 2445: 1360: 1166: 969: 503: 475: 381: 1062: 7113: 7103: 7021: 6590: 6331: 6253: 6248: 5685: 5568: 5463: 5280: 4777:

Tan, Kevin Y L (2009), "State and Institution Building through the Singapore Constitution 1965–2005", in

4408: 2522: 2038: 1466: 1380: 1263: 1194: 745: 730: 431: 389: 2493: 7026: 6996: 6966: 6750: 6258: 6238: 6152: 5878: 5835: 5630: 5416: 5394: 5252: 4474:, Istana Singapore: Office of the President of the Republic of Singapore, 28 April 2006, archived from 4378: 4354: 2517: 2070: 1465:

The procedure for elections is laid out in the Presidential Elections Act. The process begins when the

1333: 1174: 1057:, they may not refuse to assent to bills that Parliament has validly passed. The words of enactment in 1006: 491: 483: 3892:

PEA, s. 62A(2), inserted by the Presidential Elections (Amendment) Act 2010 (No. 11 of 2010) ("PEAA").

7036: 7001: 6868: 6798: 6765: 6740: 6685: 6680: 6638: 6585: 6535: 6338: 6306: 6104: 6015: 5915: 5845: 5670: 5657: 5647: 5509: 5411: 5336: 5204: 5149: 4581: 2979:"Constitution amended to let president take global roles in private capacity if in national interest" 2785:"TAN CHENG BOCK v ATTORNEY GENERAL [2017] SGHC 160 DECISION DATE: 07 Jul 2017 HC/OS 495/2017" 2551: 1391: 1028: 837: 741: 734: 541: 300: 287: 4502:, Istana Singapore: Office of the President of the Republic of Singapore, 4 May 2006, archived from 2369: 7129: 7108: 7093: 6961: 6675: 6406: 6299: 6147: 6080: 6062: 5905: 5873: 1099: 847:, subject to strict eligibility requirements. The president was also empowered by the amendment to 820: 699: 443: 351: 336: 57: 740:

The president has far-reaching formal obligations and duty to act above party politics. Under the

6878: 6697: 6692: 6633: 6550: 6520: 6459: 6360: 6321: 5925: 5640: 5594: 5558: 5447: 5442: 5404: 5311: 5262: 4718: 4654: 4191:"2 in 5 postal votes for presidential election that arrived on time disallowed for counting: ELD" 3467: 1773: 1755: 1540:

assigned to them. After the poll closes, the presiding officer of each polling station seals the

1356: 1220: 1198: 1153: 1047: 998: 883: 867:(CPIB) to investigate persons for corrupt practices, even if the prime minister refuses consent. 711: 647: 535: 321: 313: 279: 146: 94: 1208:

Under the Singapore Armed Forces Act, the president has the authority to raise and maintain the

6991: 6981: 6883: 6663: 6610: 6555: 6530: 6474: 6365: 6348: 6311: 6206: 5883: 5665: 5321: 5040: 4877:

Liew, Shiau Min (28 July 2011), "Hard to confine an elected president to his custodial role ",

4370: 2435: 1887: 1812: 1612: 1563: 1452: 1209: 1152:

The Constitution confers on the president certain executive functions to block attempts by the

1083: 965: 892: 773: 753: 749: 667: 554: 422: 418: 76: 20: 4620: 2650: 1173:

The president is also empowered to approve changes to key political appointments, such as the

6932: 6707: 6658: 6595: 6411: 6282: 6268: 6187: 2428: 1570: 1212:(SAF). The president also has the power to form, disband or amalgamate units within the SAF. 256: 102: 87: 68: 5118: 6938: 6928: 6903: 6784: 6625: 6605: 6545: 6515: 6469: 6389: 6326: 6228: 6139: 6010: 5563: 5275: 4741:, Singapore: Printed for the Government of Singapore by Singapore National Printers, 1990, 2666:"PMO | PM Lee Hsien Loong at the Parliamentary Debate on the Constitution (Amendment) Bill" 1448: 1145: 994: 976:

and was elected the ninth President of Singapore after receiving 70.41% of the votes cast.

899:. Tan appealed against this decision, but the appeal was dismissed by the Court of Appeal. 737:

if no one from that community had been president for the previous five presidential terms.

726: 718: 684: 452: 3906: 374: 8: 6648: 6643: 6505: 6434: 6177: 6162: 5985: 3471: 2243: 2122: 1577:

The final turnout (excluding the overseas electorate) was 2,530,912 (93.41%), lower than

1349: 7085: 6953: 6823: 6807: 6712: 6702: 6653: 6570: 6525: 6510: 6454: 5959: 4503: 3720: 3353:, Singapore: Printed for the Government of Singapore by the Government Printers, 1999, 3311: 954: 722: 715: 131: 4475: 4102:"PE 2023: Ng Kok Song concedes defeat to Tharman after 'clear result' in sample count" 2926:"Halimah Yacob set to be Singapore's first female president: A timeline of her career" 6893: 6745: 6735: 6668: 5853: 4816: 4790: 4763: 4742: 4722: 4700: 4677: 4658: 4616: 4557: 4071: 3354: 3168: 2986: 2299: 1474: 1376: 828: 692: 52: 1784: 6898: 6812: 6426: 6343: 5532: 5005: 4674:

Shared Responsibilities, Unshared Power: The Politics of Policy-making in Singapore

2226: 1949: 1470: 1298: 1111: 824: 793: 584: 295: 222: 4836:

Ho, Kwon Ping (23 July 2011), "Elected presidency: Navigating uncharted waters ",

4442:

Civil List and Pension Act: Resolution Passed at Parliament Meeting 2012 (

4042:"Singapore presidential poll: counting begins in vote seen as test of PAP support" 2956:"Tharman Shanmugaratnam to be Singapore's 9th President after 70.4% landslide win" 2745:"Tan Cheng Bock's legal challenge on the reserved presidential election explained" 6540: 5020: 2174: 1536:

Polling day is a public holiday, and voting is compulsory. Voters must go to the

1432: 1368: 1216: 1128: 1035: 926: 871: 703: 494: 4244:"Tharman Shanmugaratnam elected as Singapore's 9th president in 70.4% landslide" 1325:

The president must have for a period of not less than three years held office —

7051: 4927: 4693:

The Elected Presidency as a Safeguard for Official Reserves: What is at Stake?

2896:"Singaporeans miffed by 'reserved' presidential election – Nikkei Asian Review" 2604: 2578: 2091: 2007: 1928: 1546: 1522: 1507: 1499: 1406: 957:

head of state in 47 years since the death of the first president of Singapore,

896: 785: 662: 516: 511: 347: 332: 161: 4165:"Tharman wins 76% of overseas votes cast in Singapore's Presidential Election" 1558:

The 2023 presidential election was the first election with a ballot since the

1394:

for the most recent three years in that office, and which is profitable after

7155: 7080: 6860: 5035: 4736: 4726: 4346: 3358: 2990: 2376: 2074: 1586: 1537: 1529:, dissuading electors from voting, making false statements about candidates, 1402: 1395: 989: 945: 809: 680: 635: 439: 124: 4746: 1278:

The president must not be subject to any of the following disqualifications:

265: 6717: 5025: 4845: 4811: 2350: 2233: 1789: 1638: 1495: 1315:

The president must be a person of integrity, good character and reputation.

1231: 1039: 903: 832: 792:, became the first President. After his death in 1971, he was succeeded by 521: 4955: 4917:

Foo, Stephanie (30 July 2011), "Why a campaign promise may ring hollow ",

2639:

Republic of Singapore Independence Act (Original Enactment: Act 9 of 1965)

2292: 840:

amendment was passed by Parliament to redefine the role of the president.

5015: 5000: 4778: 2414: 2271: 2112: 1877: 1802: 1738:, He or She may utter the phrase in the last sentence, "So help me God". 1625: 958: 887: 813: 789: 526: 202: 2615: 1443: 1136:

and state-owned companies that are likely to draw on past reserves. The

5010: 4072:"PE2023 sample count: Tharman tentatively victorious with 70% of votes" 2028: 1797: 1541: 1427:

being walkovers as only one candidate had qualified on nomination day.

1383:(formerly known as the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation); 1230:

In 2009, the government had to request for the approval from President

1079: 1069: 800: 756:, who took office on 14 September 2023 after being duly elected in the 136: 109: 4930:(1 August 2011), "Why elected president must be the people's voice ", 4592: 4585: 4331: 3746: 3733: 2730: 2555: 19:

This article is about the office. For the incumbent officeholder, see

6575: 6127: 6096: 4786: 4759: 4545: 4017:

PEA, ss. 32B(1) and (4). Rejected and tendered votes are excluded. A

3831: 3641:"Elected Presidency: Amendments to Constitution passed in Parliament" 3290: 3273: 3156: 2711: 1735: 1491: 1459: 804: 725:

but rather the head of state. These powers are instead vested in the

639: 4897:

Tin, Eric (28 July 2011), "Presidential hopeful's contradictions ",

4783:

Evolution of a Revolution: Forty Years of the Singapore Constitution

4275:"Presidential Election 2023: More than 2.7 million eligible to vote" 1745:

not hold any other office created or recognised by the Constitution;

796:

who was appointed by Parliament and served until his death in 1981.

654:

and the ability to revoke and appoint public service appointments.

5501: 5030: 4826:

Wan, Wai Yee (21 July 2011), "Don't politicise role of President",

3330: 2869:"Perpetual presidential hopeful Tan Cheng Bock bows out gracefully" 2843:"Tan Cheng Bock's constitutional challenge dismissed by High Court" 1530: 1272:

The president's name must appear in a current register of electors.

1140:, photographed here in September 2009, is one such statutory board. 930: 914: 769: 643: 6158:

Founding of modern Singapore and early colonial period (1819–1826)

2167: 1285:(a) being and having been found or declared to be of unsound mind; 6760: 4907:

Chia, Daniel (30 July 2011), "Accept EP's role or don't stand ",

4858:

Goh, Richard (28 July 2011), "Be clear about president's role ",

4848:(25 July 2011), "Elected president can be voice of the people ", 4404:"Parliament approves increase in President's salary, expenditure" 3200:

respect of the Constitution has made other provision: Art. 21(5).

1526: 1114:

100 million for charities supporting disabled and needy people.

4219:"PRESS RELEASE TOTAL VOTES CAST FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2023" 3550:

Chua Mui Hoong (21 August 1999), "See you in six years' time",

2594: 1722:

justice of the Supreme Court the Oath of Office, which states:

780:"Lord of the State") which was created when Singapore attained 4756:

Managing Political Change in Singapore: The Elected Presidency

3606:

Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2016

2489: 5148: 3854:

Cap. Parliamentary Elections Act, 2007 Rev. Ed.

3112:

Standing Orders of Parliament (as amended on 19 October 2004)

1161:

and state-owned companies that draw on their past reserves.

1068:

The president has been called "Singapore's No. 1 diplomat".

698:

Prior to 1991, the president was appointed by Parliament. A

6026:

Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019

4948: 4395:

Zakir Hussain (11 March 2011), "President's pay approved",

895:

following a legal challenge by then-presidential candidate

848: 4695:, Singapore: Times Academic Press in association with the 3901:

Presidential Elections (Posters and Banners) Regulations (

3853: 3732:

Constitution, Art. 17(3); Presidential Elections Act (

3334:, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 28–29, archived from 3118:, Parliament of Singapore, 19 October 2004, archived from 1359:(CEO) of a key statutory board or government company: the 752:

and elected by a popular vote. The incumbent president is

646:

functions and possesses certain executive powers over the

3516:

Constitution, Art. 19(3)(b) read with the Fifth Schedule.

2790:. High Court of the Republic of Singapore. Archived from 6853: 3374:"A Budget first: Govt to draw $ 4.9b from past reserves" 1716: 706:

by a popular vote, which was subsequently first held in

3672:"PM Lee spells out why he pushed for reserved election" 2664:

Singapore, Prime Minister's Office (24 December 2018).

234: 5160:

Text of the Constitution at Singapore Statutes Online

1796:

The Parliament of Singapore is required to provide a

4342: 4340: 3437:

Constitution, Art. 19(2)(c) read with Art. 44(2)(d).

3428:

Constitution, Art. 19(2)(c) read with Art. 44(2)(c).

3218:

Constitution, Arts. 21(2)(e), 21(2)(f), 22B and 22D.

1269:

The president must not be less than 45 years of age.

972:

from 2019 to 2023, prior to his presidency, won the

702:

was made that year to allow for the president to be

6036:

Third-Party Taxi Booking Service Providers Act 2015

1215:The term of office of the first elected president, 1104:

Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports

921:from 1995 to 2005 prior to his presidency, won the 878:from 1985 to 1993 prior to his presidency, won the 843:The amendment provided that the president would be 642:. The president represents the country in official 5626:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Tribunal 5493:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Tribunal 3576:"How Singapore elected a president without a vote" 1415:The strictness of these qualifications led to the 4337: 4303:Constitution, Arts. 20(1) to (3) and the 1st Sch. 1748:not actively engage in any commercial enterprise; 1110:. As of 2011, the endeavour had raised more than 1021:, amongst others., exercising oversight over the 902:The sixth and the oldest to become president was 7153: 5991:Liquor Control (Supply and Consumption) Act 2015 4383:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 4359:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 4213: 4211: 3512: 3510: 3320:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 2692:Constitution of Singapore: A Contextual Analysis 1046:As a component of the legislature together with 882:. He served as president from 1993 to 1999. The 213:Chairman of the Council of Presidential Advisers 5981:Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021 3528:Constitution, Art. 19(4), read with Art. 19(7). 3482: 3480: 3302:Constitution, Arts. 21(2)(h), 22I; MRHA, s. 12. 961:, and the first female President of Singapore. 7162:Lists of political office-holders in Singapore 4427:"Funds approved for Office of the President", 3549: 3446:Constitution, Art. 19(2)(d) read with Art. 45. 3391: 6839: 6112: 5996:Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act 5517: 5134: 4971: 4814:(7 July 2011), "Soft powers of a president", 4394: 4361:(17 February 2012), vol. 88, cols. 1202–1203. 4208: 3540:Constitution, Art. 19(3)(c) and Art 19(4)(b). 3524: 3522: 3507: 3371: 1322:on the date of their nomination for election. 611: 4388: 4159: 4157: 3477: 3323: 3322:(17 August 1999), vol. 70, cols. 2018–2029; 3151: 3149: 803:, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for 687:, most notably in relation to the country's 6173:British Military Administration (1945–1946) 6086:List of acts of the Parliament of Singapore 4985: 3608:(28/2016). 21 December 2016. Archived from 3536: 3534: 1751:not be a member of any political party; and 777: 672: 6846: 6832: 6119: 6105: 5524: 5510: 5141: 5127: 4978: 4964: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4412:, p. 4, 11 March 2011, archived from 3519: 1779: 1553: 1318:The president must not be a member of any 788:in 1959. The last Yang di-Pertuan Negara, 618: 604: 88:Head of state of the Republic of Singapore 67: 5150:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore 4676:, Singapore: Eastern Universities Press, 4649:Chan, Helena HM (1995), "The Executive", 4582:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore 4524: 4154: 3394:"Turning of the second key went smoothly" 3285:Constitution, Arts. 21(2)(g) and 151(4); 3155: 3146: 2663: 2617:Ciṅkappūr Kuṭiyaracu Kuṭiyaracut Talaivar 2552:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore 1348:, Auditor-General, Accountant-General or 6183:Self-governance of Singapore (1955–1962) 5831:Singapore International Mediation Centre 5681:Presidential Council for Minority Rights 5377:Presidential Council for Minority Rights 3531: 1783: 1566:with 1,746,427 (70.40%) of valid votes. 1484:Presidential Council for Minority Rights 1442: 1127: 1027: 6068:Integrated Electronic Litigation System 5859:Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act 4453: 3558:"Why only President Nathan qualifies", 2742: 2651:"The Istana | President in Office" 7154: 6422:China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park 6126: 6001:Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act 5762:Relevant and irrelevant considerations 4753: 4721:by Singapore National Printers, 1990, 4690: 4593:Cap. 240A, 2007 Rev. Ed. 4550:"Demystifying the presidential office" 4272: 3909:on 2 September 2010, regs. 2 and 3(1). 3747:Cap. 240A, 2007 Rev. Ed. 3734:Cap. 240A, 2007 Rev. Ed. 3669: 3161:"Demystifying the presidential office" 2966:from the original on 2 September 2023. 2731:Cap. 167A, 2001 Rev. Ed. 2722: 2720: 2609:சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு குடியரசுத் தலைவர் 1820:the past fiscal year of $ 11,605,000. 1788:President Ong Teng Cheong received by 1728:President of the Republic of Singapore 1203:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau 1023:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau 983: 886:officially regarded Ong's predecessor 865:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau 863:, and concur with the director of the 665:in 1959, the ceremonial office of the 632:president of the Republic of Singapore 6827: 6100: 6042:Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014 5505: 5354:Non-constituency Member of Parliament 5122: 4959: 4254:from the original on 2 September 2023 4142:from the original on 1 September 2023 4112:from the original on 1 September 2023 4082:from the original on 1 September 2023 4052:from the original on 1 September 2023 3832:Cap. 236, 2001 Rev. Ed. 3682:from the original on 15 December 2017 3586:from the original on 15 December 2017 3291:Cap. 143, 1985 Rev. Ed. 3274:Cap. 241, 1993 Rev. Ed. 2712:Cap. 143, 1985 Rev. Ed. 2703: 2701: 1823: 1717:Assumption of office and disabilities 1698: 1687: 1676: 1665: 1438: 7099:Dutch East Indies (Governor-General) 6854:Leaders of Southeast Asian countries 5955:Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act 5531: 5107:Powers of the president of Singapore 4906: 4876: 4866: 4648: 4385:(10 March 2011), vol. 87, col. 4699. 4332:Cap. 44, 2002 Rev. Ed. 4312:Constitution, Arts. 19(3)(a) to (d). 3785:Constitution, Arts. 18(2)(a) to (c). 3633: 2936:from the original on 27 January 2018 2906:from the original on 5 December 2017 2727:Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act 2513:Spouse of the President of Singapore 1390:with an average of $ 500 million in 1124:Powers of the president of Singapore 861:Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act 5896:Prevention of Human Trafficking Act 4926: 4916: 4896: 4857: 4844: 4825: 4776: 4627: 4610: 4544: 4285:from the original on 30 August 2023 4188: 3573: 3392:Chua Mui Hoong (20 February 2009), 3380:, p. 4 – via NewspaperSG 2976: 2893: 2875:from the original on 27 August 2017 2782: 2717: 2689: 1741:Once elected, the president shall: 1288:(b) being an undischarged bankrupt; 1249:Presidential elections in Singapore 831:(WP). As such, then-Prime Minister 175:Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore 13: 6006:Newspaper and Printing Presses Act 5767:Substantive legitimate expectation 4886: 4835: 4810: 4754:Tan, Kevin ; Lam, Peng Er (1997), 4691:Low, Linda; Toh, Mun Heng (1989), 4671: 4613:Singapore Journal of Legal Studies 4599: 4241: 3796:"Presidential Elections Committee" 3670:Yuen-C, Tham (30 September 2017). 3574:Han, Kirsten (12 September 2017). 3245:Constitution, Arts. 148A and 148D. 3190:Constitution, Arts. 21(1) and (2). 2894:Lee, Justina (12 September 2017). 2698: 2357:1 September 2017–14 September 2017 1593:The final results are as follows: 1386:as the most senior executive of a 1108:National Council of Social Service 14: 7188: 6021:Personal Data Protection Act 2012 5809:Procedural legitimate expectation 5473:Special powers against subversion 5349:Group Representation Constituency 4940: 4330:Civil List and Gratuity Act ( 4273:Hamzah, Aqil (2 September 2023). 3647:. 9 November 2016. Archived from 3372:Zakir Hussain (23 January 2009), 2977:Goh, Yan Han (22 November 2023). 2871:. Mothership.sg. 23 August 2017. 2845:. Channel NewsAsia. 7 July 2017. 2751:. ChannelNewsAsia. Archived from 2670:Prime Minister's Office Singapore 1388:company incorporated in Singapore 1253: 1042:during the former's visit in 2009 913:After S. R. Nathan stepped down, 721:whereby the president is not the 7177:1965 establishments in Singapore 6188:Merger with Malaysia (1962–1965) 5965:Administration of Muslim Law Act 5698: 5049: 4591:Presidential Elections Act ( 4518: 4490: 4436: 4420: 4364: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4266: 4235: 4182: 4124: 4094: 4064: 3745:Presidential Elections Act ( 3710:office: Arts. 22L(1)(d) and (e). 2849:from the original on 9 July 2017 2823:from the original on 8 July 2017 2427: 2368: 2347:Council of Presidential Advisers 2291: 2225: 2166: 1291:(c) holding an office of profit; 1092:Nanyang Technological University 1088:National University of Singapore 908:Presidential Elections Committee 870:The first elected president was 578: 373: 264: 51: 39: 6168:Japanese occupation (1942–1945) 6163:Straits Settlements (1826–1942) 6047:Workplace Safety and Health Act 4804: 4586:1985 Rev. Ed., 1999 Reprint 4189:Iau, Jean (18 September 2023). 4034: 4025: 4011: 4002: 3993: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3948: 3939: 3930: 3921: 3912: 3895: 3886: 3877: 3868: 3859: 3846: 3837: 3824: 3788: 3779: 3770: 3761: 3752: 3739: 3726: 3713: 3703: 3694: 3663: 3624: 3598: 3567: 3543: 3498: 3489: 3459: 3449: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3404: 3365: 3343: 3305: 3296: 3279: 3266: 3257: 3248: 3239: 3230: 3221: 3212: 3203: 3193: 3184: 3137: 3103: 3094: 3085: 3076: 3067: 3058: 3049: 3040: 3031: 3022: 3013: 3004: 2970: 2948: 2918: 2887: 2861: 2835: 2809: 2776: 2767: 2743:Kotwani, Monica (6 July 2017). 2736: 2556:1985 Rev. Ed., 1999 Reprint 1935:23 November 1970–2 January 1971 1373:Monetary Authority of Singapore 1138:Monetary Authority of Singapore 650:, including the control of the 6178:Post-war Singapore (1946–1955) 6031:Silver Support Scheme Act 2015 5901:Protection from Harassment Act 5889:Section 377A of the Penal Code 5359:Nominated Member of Parliament 4575: 4242:Oh, Tessa (2 September 2023). 3903:Cap. 240A, Rg 3, 2000 Rev. Ed. 3803:Elections Department Singapore 3723:: Constitution, Art. 17(3)(a). 3324:Roger Mitton (10 March 2000), 2683: 2657: 2643: 2632: 2599: 2590: 2572: 2544: 2535: 2098:31 March 1985–2 September 1985 1181:, chairman and members of the 1: 4717:, Singapore: Printed for the 4651:The Legal System of Singapore 4561:, p. A21, archived from 4431:, p. C6, 23 January 2009 4351:Minister of State for Finance 3963:PEA, ss. 59, 60A, 62 and 62A. 3830:Political Donations Act ( 3172:, p. A21, archived from 2783:Loh, Quentin (29 June 2017). 2565: 1976:10 years, 130 days 1762: 1490:, the members of the PEC are 1365:Housing and Development Board 1106:and its statutory board, the 782:full internal self-government 772:. It succeeded the office of 735:ethnic community in Singapore 659:full internal self-governance 6193:Republic of Singapore (1965– 5911:Undesirable Publications Act 5724:Exclusion of judicial review 5175:Exclusion of judicial review 3852:PEA, s. 10(1) read with the 3843:PEA, ss. 9(4)(ba) and 11(1). 3504:Constitution, Art. 19(3)(a). 3495:Constitution, Art. 19(2)(f). 3486:Constitution, Art. 19(2)(e). 3419:Constitution, Art. 19(2)(b). 3410:Constitution, Art. 19(2)(a). 3091:Constitution, Art. 21(2)(c). 2626: 2141:7 years, 364 days 2057:3 years, 156 days 1906:5 years, 106 days 1504:Po'ad Shaik Abu Bakar Mattar 1361:Central Provident Fund Board 1167:Central Provident Fund Board 81:since 14 September 2023 7: 6616:Water supply and sanitation 5686:Singaporean nationality law 5464:Singaporean nationality law 4789:, pp. 50–78 at 68–71, 4697:Institute of Policy Studies 4604: 3562:, p. 4, 14 August 2005 2616: 2600:Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó Zǒngtǒng 2583:Presiden Republik Singapura 2523:Prime Minister of Singapore 2506: 2484: 2081:28 March 1985–31 March 1985 2014:12 May 1981–23 October 1981 1242: 432:Prime Minister of Singapore 10: 7193: 7114:Myanmar (State Counsellor) 7104:Indonesia (Prime Minister) 6561:National Courtesy Campaign 5836:Singapore Mediation Centre 4785:, London; New York, N.Y.: 4537: 4321:Constitution, Art. 22J(1). 3936:PEA, ss. 42(1)(d) and (e). 3236:Constitution, Art. 144(2). 3209:Constitution, Art. 144(1). 2773:Constitution, Art. 163(1). 2518:Chief Justice of Singapore 2344: 2086: 2002: 1923: 1562:. The election was won by 1488:2017 presidential election 1246: 1121: 974:2023 presidential election 923:2011 presidential election 880:1993 presidential election 763: 758:2023 presidential election 744:, the president must be a 484:Supreme Court of Singapore 18: 16:Head of state of Singapore 7138: 7078: 7050: 6952: 6859: 6778: 6726: 6624: 6496: 6487: 6397: 6388: 6290: 6281: 6214: 6205: 6138: 6076: 6055: 6016:Payment Services Act 2019 5973: 5947: 5924: 5844: 5821: 5794: 5775: 5742: 5716: 5707: 5696: 5656: 5603: 5582: 5546: 5539: 5490: 5472: 5456: 5435: 5385: 5367: 5299: 5261: 5203: 5167: 5156: 5101: 5058: 5047: 4993: 4781:; Tan, Kevin Y L (eds.), 3776:Constitution, Art. 18(3). 3767:Constitution, Art. 18(1). 3700:Constitution, Art. 20(1). 3263:Constitution, Art. 25(1). 3254:Constitution, Art. 22(1). 3082:Constitution, Art. 58(1). 3055:Constitution, Art. 21(2). 3046:Constitution, Art. 21(1). 3037:Constitution, Art. 24(2). 3028:Constitution, Art. 23(1). 3019:Constitution, Art. 17(2). 3010:Constitution, Art. 17(1). 2608: 2466:1 year, 6 days 2269: 2261: 2254: 2247: 2242: 2231: 2224: 2219: 2148: 2140: 2133: 2126: 2121: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2069: 2064: 1983: 1975: 1968: 1961: 1958: 1947: 1945: 1940: 1911: 1905: 1898: 1891: 1886: 1875: 1873: 1868: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1770:speaker of the Parliament 1726:I, , having been elected 1709: 1699:Registered voters/turnout 1661: 1650: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1480:Public Service Commission 1346:Public Service Commission 1183:Public Service Commission 1117: 851:the use of the country's 845:elected by a popular vote 799:Sheares was succeeded by 760:with 70.41% of the vote. 657:After Singapore achieved 288:Constitution of Singapore 229: 218: 208: 198: 180: 170: 160: 142: 130: 120: 93: 86: 64: 50: 45:Presidential coat of arms 38: 30: 6295:Administrative divisions 6153:Early history (pre–1819) 6148:Archaeology in Singapore 6081:Sources of Singapore law 6063:Electronic Filing System 5874:Organised Crime Act 2015 5368:The Presidential Council 5344:Leader of the Opposition 5185:Representative democracy 4642: 4046:South China Morning Post 2694:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2528: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1262:The president must be a 1193:. They also appoint the 819:In the early 1980s, the 812:. Nair was succeeded by 700:constitutional amendment 360:Leader of the Opposition 246:This article is part of 7172:Presidents of Singapore 7130:South Vietnam (leaders) 6914:Philippines (President) 6460:Singapore Standard (SS) 5752:Fettering of discretion 5448:Singapore Legal Service 5443:Singapore Civil Service 4987:Presidents of Singapore 4719:Government of Singapore 4672:Ho, Khai Leong (2003), 3630:Constitution, Art. 19B. 3227:Constitution, Art. 22E. 3134:, Standing Order 15(1). 1780:Salary and entitlements 1554:Last contested election 1369:Jurong Town Corporation 1357:chief executive officer 937:who became presidents. 648:Government of Singapore 6879:East Timor (President) 6556:Long hair in Singapore 5796:Procedural impropriety 5060:Presidential elections 5041:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 4371:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 3758:PEA, ss. 6(2) and (3). 3143:Constitution, Art. 62. 3100:Constitution, Art. 60. 3073:Constitution, Art. 38. 3064:Constitution, Art. 22. 2582: 2436:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 2149:Elected by Parliament 2065:Elected by Parliament 1984:Elected by Parliament 1912:Elected by Parliament 1888:Yang di-Pertuan Negara 1813:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 1793: 1734:If the President is a 1732: 1613:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 1564:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 1455: 1453:elections in Singapore 1210:Singapore Armed Forces 1191:Commissioner of Police 1187:Chief of Defence Force 1141: 1043: 1038:speaking to President 1019:Commissioner of Police 1015:Chief of Defence Force 966:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 944:The eighth president, 774:Yang di-Pertuan Negara 754:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 710:. Singapore follows a 668:Yang di-Pertuan Negara 562:Presidential elections 419:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 411:President of Singapore 186:; 59 years ago 77:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 21:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 7167:Presidents by country 6924:Singapore (President) 6884:Indonesia (President) 6445:Proposed developments 5864:Internal Security Act 5757:Precedent fact errors 5676:Internal Security Act 5616:Judicial independence 5482:Internal Security Act 5427:Judicial independence 5205:Fundamental liberties 3287:Internal Security Act 2932:. 11 September 2017. 2708:Internal Security Act 2387:Speaker of Parliament 2310:Deputy Prime Minister 2185:Deputy Prime Minister 2088:Speaker of Parliament 2004:Speaker of Parliament 1925:Speaker of Parliament 1787: 1724: 1446: 1131: 1100:President's Challenge 1063:parliamentary session 1055:certain circumstances 1031: 1005:Constitution such as 988:The president is the 964:On 1 September 2023, 950:Speaker of Parliament 935:Deputy Prime Minister 919:Deputy Prime Minister 876:Deputy Prime Minister 857:Internal Security Act 821:People's Action Party 257:Politics of Singapore 58:Presidential standard 33:Republic of Singapore 6224:Environmental issues 6011:Pawnbrokers Act 2015 5475:and emergency powers 5195:Separation of powers 4630:Singapore Law Review 4499:President S R Nathan 4375:Minister for Finance 4048:. 1 September 2023. 3316:Minister for Finance 2962:. 1 September 2023. 2039:Member of Parliament 1959:Physician, academic 1810:Minister for Finance 1449:Elections Department 1392:shareholders' equity 1264:citizen of Singapore 1199:Member of Parliament 884:Singapore Government 719:parliamentary system 677:independence in 1965 585:Singapore portal 166:Six years, renewable 6954:Heads of government 6939:Vietnam (President) 6904:Myanmar (President) 6581:Population planning 6566:National Day Parade 6402:Economic statistics 5986:Income Tax Act 1947 5869:Misuse of Drugs Act 5822:Alternative dispute 5370:for Minority Rights 4787:Routledge-Cavendish 4379:Civil List (Motion) 4355:Civil List (Motion) 3736:) ("PEA"), s. 6(1). 3651:on 16 November 2016 3472:Republic of Ireland 3338:on 10 February 2001 3312:Hu, Richard Tsu Tau 2900:Nikkei Asian Review 2797:on 27 February 2019 2690:Tan, Kevin (2015). 2461:(14 September 2029) 2354:as Acting President 2244:Ambassador-at-Large 2234:Sellapan Ramanathan 2123:Ambassador-at-Large 2095:as Acting President 2078:as Acting President 2011:as Acting President 1932:as Acting President 1677:Invalid/blank votes 1597: 1381:GIC Private Limited 1350:Permanent Secretary 984:Constitutional role 746:Singaporean citizen 712:non-executive model 345:Leader of the House 7122:(Governor-General) 6929:Thailand (Monarch) 6899:Malaysia (Monarch) 6874:Cambodia (Monarch) 6571:No U-turn syndrome 6465:Telecommunications 6455:Singapore Exchange 6417:Monetary Authority 5709:Administrative law 5583:Legislative branch 5540:Constitutional law 5436:The Public Service 5168:General principles 4657:, pp. 22–29, 4450:on 31 August 2017. 3388:, 18 February 2009 1824:List of presidents 1794: 1596: 1523:electoral register 1456: 1439:Election procedure 1344:, Chairman of the 1237:financial downturn 1142: 1074:high commissioners 1059:Singapore Statutes 1044: 723:head of government 225:1,540,000 annually 184:9 August 1965 7149: 7148: 6821: 6820: 6774: 6773: 6669:Singapore English 6483: 6482: 6384: 6383: 6371:Political parties 6317:Foreign relations 6277: 6276: 6094: 6093: 5854:Arms Offences Act 5817: 5816: 5694: 5693: 5621:Judicial officers 5499: 5498: 5422:Judicial officers 5116: 5115: 4932:The Straits Times 4919:The Straits Times 4909:The Straits Times 4899:The Straits Times 4889:The Straits Times 4879:The Straits Times 4869:The Straits Times 4860:The Straits Times 4850:The Straits Times 4838:The Straits Times 4828:The Straits Times 4817:The Straits Times 4796:978-0-415-43862-9 4769:978-0-415-15632-5 4706:978-981-00-1014-0 4683:978-981-210-218-8 4664:978-0-409-99789-7 4655:Butterworths Asia 4558:The Straits Times 4527:The Straits Times 4506:on 22 August 2008 4471:Former Presidents 4446:), archived from 4429:The Straits Times 4397:The Straits Times 4279:The Straits Times 4195:The Straits Times 3905:), archived from 3676:The Straits Times 3560:The Straits Times 3552:The Straits Times 3398:The Straits Times 3386:The Straits Times 3378:The Straits Times 3169:The Straits Times 2983:The Straits Times 2960:Channel News Asia 2930:The Straits Times 2614: 2482: 2481: 2300:Tony Tan Keng Yam 1714: 1713: 1475:returning officer 1451:, which oversees 1033:Russian President 693:check and balance 652:national reserves 628: 627: 567:General elections 241: 240: 31:President of the 7184: 7125:(Prime Minister) 6894:Laos (President) 6869:Brunei (Monarch) 6848: 6841: 6834: 6825: 6824: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6501:Communitarianism 6494: 6493: 6430: 6395: 6394: 6288: 6287: 6212: 6211: 6196: 6121: 6114: 6107: 6098: 6097: 5786:unreasonableness 5734:Threshold issues 5714: 5713: 5702: 5574:Attorney-General 5547:Executive branch 5544: 5543: 5533:Law of Singapore 5526: 5519: 5512: 5503: 5502: 5286:Attorney-General 5143: 5136: 5129: 5120: 5119: 5053: 5006:Benjamin Sheares 4980: 4973: 4966: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4949:Official website 4935: 4922: 4912: 4902: 4892: 4882: 4872: 4862: 4853: 4840: 4831: 4821: 4799: 4772: 4749: 4729: 4709: 4686: 4667: 4637: 4623: 4569: 4567: 4554: 4548:(15 June 2011), 4532: 4530: 4522: 4516: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4494: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4478:on 1 August 2008 4466: 4451: 4440: 4434: 4432: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4400: 4392: 4386: 4368: 4362: 4344: 4335: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4223: 4215: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4161: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3955: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3937: 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Archived from 3800: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3750: 3743: 3737: 3730: 3724: 3717: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3645:Channel NewsAsia 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3612:on 5 August 2017 3602: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3555: 3547: 3541: 3538: 3529: 3526: 3517: 3514: 3505: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3475: 3463: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3400: 3389: 3381: 3369: 3363: 3361: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3283: 3277: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3188: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3165: 3159:(15 June 2011), 3153: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3124: 3117: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2796: 2789: 2780: 2774: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2749:Channel NewsAsia 2740: 2734: 2724: 2715: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2647: 2641: 2636: 2620: 2619: 2613:romanized: 2612: 2610: 2601: 2592: 2576: 2559: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2462: 2452: 2442: 2431: 2400: 2393: 2383: 2372: 2358: 2345:Chairman of the 2323: 2316: 2306: 2295: 2257: 2250: 2240: 2229: 2198: 2191: 2181: 2170: 2136: 2129: 2119: 2099: 2082: 2052: 2045: 2035: 2015: 1971: 1964: 1956: 1950:Benjamin Sheares 1936: 1901: 1894: 1884: 1841: 1828: 1827: 1598: 1595: 1538:polling stations 1471:writ of election 1377:Temasek Holdings 1342:Attorney-General 1179:attorney-general 1159:statutory boards 1134:statutory boards 1011:Attorney-General 968:, who served as 948:, who served as 917:, who served as 874:, who served as 825:J. B. Jeyaretnam 794:Benjamin Sheares 779: 704:directly elected 683:to veto certain 674: 620: 613: 606: 583: 582: 581: 377: 268: 243: 242: 237: 235:Official website 194: 192: 187: 103:Mister President 71: 55: 43: 34: 28: 27: 7192: 7191: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7181: 7152: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7134: 7094:Burma (Monarch) 7083: 7074: 7052:Supreme leaders 7046: 6948: 6855: 6852: 6822: 6817: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6770: 6722: 6620: 6601:Sex trafficking 6596:Public holidays 6541:Eat Frozen Pork 6479: 6428: 6380: 6273: 6201: 6194: 6134: 6125: 6095: 6090: 6072: 6051: 5969: 5943: 5939:Women's Charter 5934:Matrimonial law 5920: 5840: 5823: 5813: 5790: 5771: 5738: 5703: 5690: 5652: 5636:Court of Appeal 5611:Judicial system 5604:Judicial branch 5599: 5578: 5535: 5530: 5500: 5495: 5486: 5474: 5468: 5452: 5431: 5400:Court of Appeal 5381: 5369: 5363: 5300:The Legislature 5295: 5257: 5199: 5163: 5152: 5147: 5117: 5112: 5097: 5054: 5045: 5021:Ong Teng Cheong 4989: 4984: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4928:Tan, Cheng Bock 4807: 4797: 4770: 4739:11 of 1990] 4733: 4713: 4707: 4684: 4665: 4645: 4607: 4602: 4600:Further reading 4578: 4573: 4565: 4552: 4540: 4535: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4468: 4467: 4454: 4444:S 137/2012 4441: 4437: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4402: 4393: 4389: 4369: 4365: 4345: 4338: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4288: 4286: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4216: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4163: 4162: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4113: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3744: 3740: 3731: 3727: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3704: 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2737: 2725: 2718: 2706: 2699: 2688: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2662: 2658: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2623: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2562: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2487: 2477: 2460: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2446:Senior Minister 2440: 2439: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2381: 2380: 2356: 2355: 2339: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2304: 2303: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2238: 2237: 2214: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2189: 2179: 2178: 2175:Ong Teng Cheong 2137: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2117: 2116: 2097: 2096: 2080: 2079: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2033: 2032: 2013: 2012: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1954: 1953: 1934: 1933: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1882: 1881: 1864:Time in office 1847:Term of office 1839: 1838: 1826: 1782: 1765: 1719: 1556: 1441: 1433:Lee Hsien Loong 1320:political party 1256: 1251: 1245: 1217:Ong Teng Cheong 1126: 1120: 1036:Dmitry Medvedev 986: 970:Senior Minister 927:Ong Teng Cheong 872:Ong Teng Cheong 766: 624: 595: 591:Other countries 579: 577: 572: 571: 557: 547: 546: 531: 504:Court of Appeal 499: 495:Sundaresh Menon 478: 468: 467: 449: 405: 395: 394: 386: 382:14th Parliament 316: 306: 305: 282: 259: 233: 190: 188: 185: 155: 153:Direct election 151: 149: 116: 112: 105: 82: 80: 79: 75: 72: 60: 46: 32: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7190: 7180: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7147: 7146: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7132: 7127: 7116: 7111: 7109:Laos (Monarch) 7106: 7101: 7096: 7090: 7088: 7081:heads of state 7076: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7056: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7034: 7024: 7019: 7009: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6979: 6974: 6964: 6958: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6936: 6926: 6921: 6911: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6865: 6863: 6861:Heads of state 6857: 6856: 6851: 6850: 6843: 6836: 6828: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6810: 6803: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6780: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6732: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6683: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6630: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6591:Public housing 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6332:Prime Minister 6329: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6254:Urban planning 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6144: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6124: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6101: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5951: 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5371: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5281:Prime Minister 5278: 5273: 5267: 5265: 5263:The Government 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5209: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5146: 5145: 5138: 5131: 5123: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5064: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4990: 4983: 4982: 4975: 4968: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4942: 4941:External links 4939: 4938: 4937: 4924: 4914: 4904: 4894: 4884: 4874: 4864: 4855: 4842: 4833: 4823: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4795: 4774: 4768: 4751: 4731: 4711: 4705: 4688: 4682: 4669: 4663: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4625: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4596: 4589: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4568:on 8 June 2012 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4517: 4489: 4452: 4435: 4419: 4416:on 18 May 2011 4387: 4363: 4336: 4323: 4314: 4305: 4296: 4265: 4248:Business Times 4234: 4207: 4181: 4153: 4123: 4093: 4063: 4033: 4031:PEA, s. 32(8). 4024: 4010: 4008:PEA, s. 31(3). 4001: 3999:PEA, s. 31(2). 3992: 3990:PEA, s. 22(1). 3983: 3981:PEA, s. 26(1). 3974: 3965: 3956: 3947: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3894: 3885: 3883:PEA, s. 50(1). 3876: 3874:PEA, s. 16(5). 3867: 3858: 3845: 3836: 3823: 3812:on 6 June 2017 3787: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3751: 3738: 3725: 3712: 3702: 3693: 3662: 3632: 3623: 3597: 3566: 3542: 3530: 3518: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3476: 3458: 3448: 3439: 3430: 3421: 3412: 3403: 3364: 3342: 3304: 3295: 3278: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3238: 3229: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3192: 3183: 3179:on 8 June 2012 3145: 3136: 3102: 3093: 3084: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3021: 3012: 3003: 2969: 2947: 2917: 2886: 2860: 2834: 2808: 2775: 2766: 2735: 2716: 2697: 2682: 2656: 2642: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2543: 2533: 2532: 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414: 406: 401: 400: 397: 396: 393: 392: 390:Constituencies 385: 384: 371: 370: 356: 355: 348:Indranee Rajah 341: 340: 333:Seah Kian Peng 326: 325: 317: 312: 311: 308: 307: 304: 303: 298: 292: 291: 283: 278: 277: 274: 273: 270: 269: 261: 260: 255: 252: 251: 239: 238: 231: 227: 226: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 200: 196: 195: 182: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 164: 158: 157: 156:(1991–present) 144: 140: 139: 134: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 115: 114: 110:His Excellency 107: 99: 97: 91: 90: 84: 83: 73: 66: 65: 62: 61: 56: 48: 47: 44: 36: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7189: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7157: 7144: 7143: 7137: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7013: 7010: 7007: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6915: 6912: 6909: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6849: 6844: 6842: 6837: 6835: 6830: 6829: 6826: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6796: 6793: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6777: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6677: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6387: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6300:Town Councils 6298: 6297: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259:Urban renewal 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6117: 6115: 6110: 6108: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6075: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5960:Charities Act 5958: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948:Religious law 5946: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5917: 5916:Vandalism Act 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5820: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5776:Irrationality 5774: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5701: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5649: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5631:Supreme Court 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5527: 5522: 5520: 5515: 5513: 5508: 5507: 5504: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5417:Chief Justice 5415: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5395:Supreme Court 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5387:The Judiciary 5384: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5253:Right to vote 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5155: 5151: 5144: 5139: 5137: 5132: 5130: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5100: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5036:Halimah Yacob 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4981: 4976: 4974: 4969: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4950: 4945: 4944: 4934:, p. A27 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921:, p. A45 4920: 4915: 4911:, p. A45 4910: 4905: 4901:, p. A28 4900: 4895: 4891:, p. A28 4890: 4885: 4881:, p. A28 4880: 4875: 4871:, p. A28 4870: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4852:, p. A21 4851: 4847: 4846:Tan, Kin Lian 4843: 4839: 4834: 4830:, p. A25 4829: 4824: 4820:, p. A27 4819: 4818: 4813: 4812:Ho, Kwon Ping 4809: 4808: 4798: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4765: 4761: 4758:, Singapore: 4757: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4738: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4675: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4656: 4653:, Singapore: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4608: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4542: 4528: 4521: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4493: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4430: 4423: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4399:, p. A12 4398: 4391: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347:Josephine Teo 4343: 4341: 4333: 4327: 4318: 4309: 4300: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4220: 4214: 4212: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4158: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4081: 4077: 4076:mothership.sg 4073: 4067: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4028: 4020: 4019:tendered vote 4014: 4005: 3996: 3987: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3951: 3942: 3933: 3924: 3915: 3908: 3904: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3855: 3849: 3840: 3833: 3827: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3791: 3782: 3773: 3764: 3755: 3748: 3742: 3735: 3729: 3722: 3721:countermanded 3716: 3706: 3697: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3666: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3627: 3611: 3607: 3601: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3570: 3561: 3553: 3546: 3537: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3513: 3511: 3501: 3492: 3483: 3481: 3474:: Art. 45(3). 3473: 3469: 3462: 3452: 3443: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3337: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3299: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3275: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3242: 3233: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3196: 3187: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3152: 3150: 3140: 3125:on 9 May 2010 3121: 3114: 3113: 3106: 3097: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3034: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2921: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2793: 2786: 2779: 2770: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2739: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2693: 2686: 2671: 2667: 2660: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2618: 2606: 2602: 2596: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2456: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2397: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2377:Halimah Yacob 2374: 2371: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2320: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2245: 2236: 2235: 2228: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2195: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2124: 2115: 2114: 2106: 2102: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2077: 2076: 2075:Wee Chong Jin 2072: 2071:Chief Justice 2068: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2049: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1981: 1978: 1952: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1908: 1889: 1880: 1879: 1871: 1867: 1856: 1844:Prior office 1840:(Birth–Death) 1829: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1806: 1804: 1799: 1791: 1786: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1757: 1754:not serve in 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1723: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1560:2011 election 1551: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1436: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1334:Chief Justice 1331: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1250: 1240: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175:chief justice 1171: 1168: 1162: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1147: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1007:Chief Justice 1002: 1000: 996: 991: 990:head of state 981: 977: 975: 971: 967: 962: 960: 956: 951: 947: 946:Halimah Yacob 942: 938: 936: 933:are the only 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 911: 909: 905: 900: 898: 894: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 841: 839: 834: 830: 826: 822: 817: 815: 811: 810:Goh Chok Tong 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 775: 771: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 738: 736: 732: 729:, led by the 728: 724: 720: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 696: 694: 690: 686: 682: 681:reserve power 678: 670: 669: 664: 660: 655: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 636:head of state 633: 621: 616: 614: 609: 607: 602: 601: 599: 598: 592: 589: 588: 586: 576: 575: 568: 565: 563: 560: 559: 556: 551: 550: 543: 540: 538: 537: 533: 532: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 506: 505: 501: 500: 496: 493: 492:Chief Justice 490: 489: 486: 485: 481: 480: 477: 472: 471: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 450: 445: 441: 440:Lawrence Wong 438: 437: 434: 433: 429: 428: 424: 420: 417: 416: 413: 412: 408: 407: 404: 399: 398: 391: 388: 387: 383: 380: 379: 378: 376: 368: 364: 361: 358: 357: 353: 349: 346: 343: 342: 338: 334: 331: 328: 327: 324: 323: 319: 318: 315: 310: 309: 302: 299: 297: 294: 293: 290: 289: 285: 284: 281: 276: 275: 272: 271: 267: 263: 262: 258: 254: 253: 249: 245: 244: 236: 232: 228: 224: 221: 217: 214: 211: 207: 204: 201: 197: 183: 179: 176: 173: 169: 165: 163: 159: 154: 148: 145: 141: 138: 135: 133: 129: 126: 125:Head of state 123: 119: 111: 108: 104: 101: 100: 98: 96: 92: 89: 85: 78: 70: 63: 59: 54: 49: 42: 37: 29: 26: 22: 7140: 6923: 6799:Bibliography 6741:Coat of arms 6718:Singaporeans 6639:Architecture 6586:Prostitution 6536:Demographics 6375: 6354:Conscription 6339:Human rights 6307:Constitution 5906:Sedition Act 5846:Criminal law 5783: 5671:Human rights 5658:Constitution 5648:State Courts 5589: 5553: 5412:State Courts 5337:By-elections 5327:Presidential 5306: 5291:The Reserves 5270: 5158: 5105: 5026:S. R. Nathan 4986: 4931: 4918: 4908: 4898: 4888: 4878: 4868: 4859: 4849: 4837: 4827: 4815: 4805:News reports 4782: 4779:Thio, Li-ann 4755: 4734: 4714: 4692: 4673: 4650: 4633: 4629: 4612: 4563:the original 4556: 4529:, p. A9 4526: 4520: 4508:, retrieved 4504:the original 4498: 4492: 4480:, retrieved 4476:the original 4470: 4448:the original 4438: 4428: 4422: 4414:the original 4407: 4396: 4390: 4382: 4366: 4358: 4326: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4287:. Retrieved 4278: 4268: 4256:. Retrieved 4247: 4237: 4227:12 September 4225:. Retrieved 4200:26 September 4198:. Retrieved 4194: 4184: 4174:12 September 4172:. Retrieved 4168: 4144:. Retrieved 4135: 4126: 4114:. Retrieved 4105: 4096: 4084:. Retrieved 4075: 4066: 4054:. Retrieved 4045: 4036: 4027: 4018: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3932: 3923: 3914: 3907:the original 3897: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3861: 3848: 3839: 3826: 3814:. Retrieved 3807:the original 3802: 3790: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3754: 3741: 3728: 3715: 3705: 3696: 3684:. Retrieved 3675: 3665: 3653:. Retrieved 3649:the original 3644: 3635: 3626: 3614:. Retrieved 3610:the original 3600: 3588:. Retrieved 3579: 3569: 3559: 3551: 3545: 3500: 3491: 3468:Commonwealth 3461: 3451: 3442: 3433: 3424: 3415: 3406: 3397: 3385: 3377: 3367: 3350: 3345: 3336:the original 3329: 3319: 3307: 3298: 3281: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3195: 3186: 3174:the original 3167: 3139: 3127:, retrieved 3120:the original 3111: 3105: 3096: 3087: 3078: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3033: 3024: 3015: 3006: 2994:. Retrieved 2982: 2972: 2959: 2950: 2938:. Retrieved 2929: 2920: 2908:. Retrieved 2899: 2889: 2877:. Retrieved 2863: 2851:. Retrieved 2837: 2825:. Retrieved 2811: 2799:. Retrieved 2792:the original 2778: 2769: 2757:. Retrieved 2753:the original 2748: 2738: 2691: 2685: 2673:. Retrieved 2669: 2659: 2645: 2634: 2598: 2574: 2546: 2537: 2474: 2457: 2451:14 September 2434: 2422: 2413: 2399:14 September 2392:14 September 2375: 2363: 2351:J. Y. 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Nathan 901: 869: 842: 833:Lee Kuan Yew 818: 798: 767: 750:non-partisan 742:Constitution 739: 697: 666: 656: 631: 629: 542:State Courts 534: 502: 482: 463:The Reserves 430: 410: 409: 372: 363:Pritam Singh 320: 301:Human rights 286: 199:First holder 113:(diplomatic) 25: 7119:Philippines 7012:Philippines 6611:Social fund 6407:Agriculture 5457:Citizenship 5190:Rule of law 5016:Wee Kim Wee 5001:Yusof Ishak 4615:: 290–322, 4576:Legislation 4258:1 September 4146:1 September 4116:1 September 4086:1 September 4056:1 September 3972:PEA, s. 17. 3954:PEA, s. 40. 3945:PEA, s. 39. 3927:PEA, s. 63. 3918:PEA, s. 41. 3865:PEA, s. 15. 3856:, s. 28(1). 3686:14 December 3655:15 November 3590:14 December 3554:, p. 6 2910:14 December 2733:) ("MRHA"). 2441:(born 1957) 2415:Uncontested 2382:(born 1954) 2322:1 September 2315:1 September 2305:(born 1940) 2272:Uncontested 2256:1 September 2249:1 September 2239:(1924–2016) 2197:1 September 2190:1 September 2180:(1936–2002) 2135:1 September 2128:2 September 2118:(1915–2005) 2113:Wee Kim Wee 2034:(1923–2005) 1955:(1907–1981) 1900:23 November 1883:(1910–1970) 1878:Yusof Ishak 1803:privy purse 1688:Total votes 1666:Valid votes 1626:Ng Kok Song 1221:white paper 1070:Ambassadors 959:Yusof Ishak 888:Wee Kim Wee 814:Wee Kim Wee 790:Yusof Ishak 716:Westminster 314:Legislature 203:Yusof Ishak 162:Term length 150:(1965–1991) 7156:Categories 7086:government 6977:East Timor 6698:Mass media 6693:Literature 6521:Disability 6429:(currency) 6361:Parliament 6322:Government 6244:Reservoirs 6038:(Repealed) 5926:Family law 5884:Penal Code 5824:resolution 5784:Wednesbury 5744:Illegality 5641:High Court 5595:Parliament 5559:Government 5405:High Court 5312:Parliament 5248:Article 16 5243:Article 15 5238:Article 14 5233:Article 13 5228:Article 12 5223:Article 11 5218:Article 10 5011:Devan Nair 4595:) ("PEA"). 4546:Koh, Tommy 4510:24 January 4482:24 January 3293:), s. 13A. 3129:2 November 2996:16 January 2940:28 January 2675:17 January 2566:References 2458:Incumbent 2044:23 October 2029:Devan Nair 1798:civil list 1774:Parliament 1763:Succession 1756:Parliament 1512:Peter Seah 1486:. 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