31:
504:
282:
125:
531:. These crosslinks interconnect neighboring polymer chains, thereby conferring rigidity. The degree of rigidity is related to the number of crosslinks. Elastomers, therefore, have a characteristic ability to return to their original shape after being stretched or compressed. Because of this memory for their original
559:'s discovery of vulcanization, involving the heating of polyisoprene with sulfur, was revolutionary because it converted a sticky and almost useless material into an elastomer that could be fabricated into useful products.
543:. The sulfur chains attach themselves to the allylic carbon atoms, which are adjacent to C=C linkages. Vulcanization is a step in the processing of several classes of rubbers, including poly
295:
In commerce, the term "polysulfide" usually refers to a class of polymers with alternating chains of several sulfur atoms and hydrocarbons. They have the formula
579:
planets contain ammonium sulfides. The reddish-brownish clouds are attributed to polysulfides, arising from the exposure of the ammonium sulfides to light.
464:
Polysulfide polymers are insoluble in water, oils, and many other organic solvents. Because of their solvent resistance, these materials find use as
822:
Draganjac, M. E.; Rauchfuss, T. B. (1985). "Transition Metal
Polysulfides: Coordination Compounds with Purely Inorganic Chelate Ligands".
68:
atoms. There are two main classes of polysulfides: inorganic and organic. The inorganic polysulfides have the general formula
672:
471:
Polymers containing one or two sulfur atoms separated by hydrocarbon sequences are usually not classified polysulfides, e.g.
713:
866:
409:
Polysulfide polymers are also prepared by the addition of polysulfanes to alkenes. An idealized equation is:
205:
The energy released in the reaction of sodium and elemental sulfur is the basis of battery technology. The
17:
918:
652:
403:
310:
202:
In some cases, these anions have been obtained as organic salts, which are soluble in organic solvents.
210:
887:
908:
588:
472:
206:
229:
519:) of natural rubber after vulcanization with elemental sulfur, which forms polysulfide linkages.
225:
928:
309:
indicates the number of sulfur atoms (or "rank"). Polysulfide polymers can be synthesized by
648:
30:
8:
786:
Dev, S.; Ramli, E.; Rauchfuss, T. B.; Wilson, S. R. (1991). "Synthesis and
Structure of S
539:. The process of crosslinking the polymer chains in these polymers with sulfur is called
395:
923:
664:
532:
367:
168:
882:
862:
709:
668:
399:
289:
217:-conductive membranes that are unreactive toward sodium, sulfur, and sodium sulfide.
61:
771:
730:
503:
854:
831:
804:
766:
701:
660:
556:
705:
468:
to fill the joints in pavement, automotive window glass, and aircraft structures.
313:
reactions between organic dihalides and alkali metal salts of polysulfide anions:
913:
596:
366:
Dihalides used in this condensation polymerization are dichloroalkanes such as
164:
902:
540:
835:
796:
592:
281:
544:
285:
83:
808:
626:
620:
614:
528:
113:
731:"Preparative and X-ray powder diffraction study of the polysulfides Na
155:
The alkali metal polysulfides arise by treatment of a solution of the
608:
576:
524:
858:
552:
548:
629: â Bonding of atoms of the same element into chains or rings
572:
465:
156:
853:. Topics in Current Chemistry. Vol. 231. pp. 153â202.
536:
221:
160:
124:
65:
611: â Functional group with the chemical structure RâSâSâRâČ
568:
228:. Examples of transition metal polysulfido complexes include
213:
require high temperatures to maintain liquid polysulfide and
109:
851:
Polysulfido
Complexes of Main Group and Transition Metals
647:
Kelly, P. F.; King, R. S. P. (2013-01-01), Reedijk, Jan;
785:
402:. In some cases, polysulfide polymers can be formed by
696:
657:
Comprehensive
Inorganic Chemistry II (Second Edition)
848:
498:
98:. Organic polysulfides generally have the formulae
821:
119:
555:, which is chemically similar to natural rubber.
900:
535:shape, elastomers are commonly referred to as
273:. Main group elements also form polysulfides.
849:Takeda, N.; Tokitoh, N.; Okazaki, R. (2003).
790:: Polysulfide Salts Prepared by the Reaction
623: â Anions composed of many iodine atoms
794:-Methylimidazole + Metal Powder + Sulfur".
728:
562:
151:chain consists of the yellow-colored atoms.
82:. These anions are the conjugate bases of
770:
691:
689:
659:, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 179â196,
646:
128:Fragment of the solid-state structure of
587:Polysulfides, like sulfides, can induce
502:
280:
123:
29:
695:
575:, the clouds in the atmospheres of the
276:
14:
901:
686:
53:is an example of a polysulfide complex
507:Idealized structure of two strands (
27:Molecules derived from sulfur chains
698:Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry
653:"1.06 - Catenated Sulfur Compounds"
448:In reality, homogeneous samples of
288:is an organic polysulfide found in
24:
665:10.1016/b978-0-08-097774-4.00108-x
25:
940:
499:Polysulfides in vulcanized rubber
772:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.25-3329
120:Polysulfide salts and complexes
64:derived from anionic chains of
875:
842:
815:
779:
729:Rosén, E.; Tegman, R. (1988).
722:
640:
551:), styrene-butadiene, and poly
370:, bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane (
13:
1:
706:10.1002/0470862106.ia233.pub2
633:
582:
883:"Jupiter: Cloud composition"
7:
602:
404:ring-opening polymerization
311:condensation polymerization
10:
945:
824:Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl
461:are difficult to prepare.
398:. The polymers are called
589:stress corrosion cracking
617: â Functional group
563:Occurrence in gas giants
527:contain polysulfides as
888:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
700:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
836:10.1002/anie.198507421
520:
292:
226:coordination chemistry
211:lithiumâsulfur battery
152:
54:
649:Poeppelmeier, Kenneth
506:
284:
207:sodiumâsulfur battery
127:
33:
277:Organic polysulfides
809:10.1021/ic00011a011
477:-phenylene) sulfide
396:1,3-dichloropropane
919:Inorganic polymers
521:
368:1,2-dichloroethane
305:. In this formula
293:
290:shiitake mushrooms
169:sodium polysulfide
153:
62:chemical compounds
55:
674:978-0-08-096529-1
220:Polysulfides are
16:(Redirected from
936:
909:Sulfur compounds
893:
892:
879:
873:
872:
846:
840:
839:
819:
813:
812:
783:
777:
776:
774:
759:Acta Chem. Scand
726:
720:
719:
693:
684:
683:
682:
681:
644:
557:Charles Goodyear
523:Many commercial
518:
512:
494:
460:
445:
393:
363:
304:
272:
260:
247:
216:
199:
198:
197:
182:
181:
150:
149:
148:
145:
138:
108:, where R is an
107:
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80:
79:
52:
21:
944:
943:
939:
938:
937:
935:
934:
933:
899:
898:
897:
896:
881:
880:
876:
869:
847:
843:
820:
816:
789:
784:
780:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
727:
723:
716:
694:
687:
679:
677:
675:
645:
641:
636:
605:
597:stainless steel
585:
567:In addition to
565:
514:
508:
501:
493:
487:
483:
479:
459:
453:
449:
444:
438:
434:
430:
426:
420:
416:
412:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
357:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
327:
323:
316:
302:
296:
279:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
214:
196:
190:
189:
188:
180:
178:
177:
176:
174:
159:with elemental
146:
143:
142:
140:
137:
133:
129:
122:
105:
99:
96:
90:
86:
78:
73:
72:
71:
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60:are a class of
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894:
891:. 6 June 2023.
874:
867:
859:10.1007/b13184
841:
814:
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778:
752:
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744:
740:
736:
732:
721:
715:978-0470860786
714:
685:
673:
638:
637:
635:
632:
631:
630:
624:
618:
612:
604:
601:
584:
581:
564:
561:
500:
497:
489:
485:
481:
455:
451:
440:
436:
432:
428:
422:
418:
414:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
321:
298:
278:
275:
268:
264:
256:
252:
244:
240:
236:
232:
191:
179:
165:sodium sulfide
135:
131:
121:
118:
101:
92:
88:
74:
49:
45:
41:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
941:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
890:
889:
884:
878:
870:
868:3-540-40378-7
864:
860:
856:
852:
845:
837:
833:
829:
825:
818:
810:
806:
802:
799:
798:
793:
782:
773:
768:
765:: 3329â3336.
764:
760:
756:
725:
717:
711:
707:
703:
699:
692:
690:
676:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
643:
639:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
606:
600:
598:
594:
590:
580:
578:
574:
570:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:vulcanization
538:
534:
530:
526:
517:
511:
505:
496:
492:
478:
476:
469:
467:
462:
458:
446:
443:
425:
410:
407:
405:
401:
397:
369:
364:
361:
356:
331:
319:
314:
312:
308:
301:
291:
287:
283:
274:
248:
227:
223:
218:
212:
208:
203:
200:
194:
186:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
126:
117:
115:
111:
104:
95:
85:
77:
67:
63:
59:
34:The compound
32:
19:
929:Polysulfides
886:
877:
850:
844:
827:
823:
817:
803:(11): 2514.
800:
797:Inorg. Chem.
795:
791:
781:
762:
758:
724:
697:
678:, retrieved
656:
642:
593:carbon steel
586:
566:
522:
515:
509:
490:
474:
470:
463:
456:
447:
441:
423:
411:
408:
365:
359:
354:
340:Cl â [CH
329:
317:
315:
306:
299:
294:
219:
204:
201:
192:
184:
173:
154:
102:
93:
84:polysulfanes
75:
58:Polysulfides
57:
56:
18:Polysulfides
545:chloroprene
406:reactions.
286:Lenthionine
903:Categories
830:(9): 742.
680:2022-03-29
634:References
627:Catenation
621:Polyiodide
615:Trisulfide
583:Properties
529:crosslinks
525:elastomers
114:aryl group
924:Corrosion
609:Disulfide
577:gas giant
263:[Pt(S
251:[Ni(S
651:(eds.),
603:See also
553:isoprene
549:Neoprene
466:sealants
413:2 RCH=CH
400:thiokols
209:and the
573:ammonia
537:rubbers
394:), and
222:ligands
163:, e.g.
157:sulfide
914:Anions
865:
747:and Na
712:
671:
427:â (RCH
261:, and
161:sulfur
139:. The
66:sulfur
569:water
533:cured
516:green
473:poly(
187:S â S
110:alkyl
863:ISBN
739:, Na
710:ISBN
669:ISBN
595:and
571:and
513:and
510:blue
372:ClCH
362:NaCl
332:ClCH
855:doi
832:doi
805:doi
767:doi
702:doi
661:doi
591:in
417:+ H
384:OCH
380:OCH
358:+ 2
243:TiS
224:in
167:to
112:or
48:TiS
905::
885:.
861:.
828:24
826:.
801:30
763:25
761:.
757:.
708:.
688:^
667:,
655:,
599:.
495:.
488:S)
480:(C
431:CH
392:Cl
388:CH
376:CH
344:CH
336:CH
328:+
320:Na
297:RS
249:,
231:(C
215:Na
195:+1
183:+
171::
144:2â
130:Na
116:.
100:RS
36:(C
871:.
857::
838:.
834::
811:.
807::
792:N
788:8
775:.
769::
755:"
753:5
751:S
749:2
745:4
743:S
741:2
737:2
735:S
733:2
718:.
704::
663::
547:(
491:n
486:4
484:H
482:6
475:p
457:n
454:S
452:2
450:H
442:n
439:S
437:2
435:)
433:2
429:2
424:n
421:S
419:2
415:2
390:2
386:2
382:2
378:2
374:2
360:n
355:n
352:]
350:5
348:S
346:2
342:2
338:2
334:2
330:n
326:5
324:S
322:2
318:n
307:n
303:R
300:n
271:]
269:3
267:)
265:5
259:]
257:2
255:)
253:4
245:5
241:2
239:)
237:5
235:H
233:5
193:n
185:n
175:S
147:5
141:S
136:5
134:S
132:2
106:R
103:n
94:n
91:S
89:2
87:H
76:n
70:S
50:5
46:2
44:)
42:5
40:H
38:5
20:)
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