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1371:(BBG) to be released within U.S. borders for the Archivist of the United States. The Smith-Mundt Act, as amended, provided that "the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall make available to the Archivist of the United States, for domestic distribution, motion pictures, films, videotapes, and other material 12 years after the initial dissemination of the material abroad (...) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from engaging in any medium or form of communication, either directly or indirectly, because a United States domestic audience is or may be thereby exposed to program material, or based on a presumption of such exposure." Public concerns were raised upon passage due to the relaxation of prohibitions of domestic propaganda in the United States.
797:, a type of clandestine operation in which the identity of the sponsoring government is hidden). In scale, these different types of propaganda can also be defined by the potential of true and correct information to compete with the propaganda. For example, opposition to white propaganda is often readily found and may slightly discredit the propaganda source. Opposition to grey propaganda, when revealed (often by an inside source), may create some level of public outcry. Opposition to black propaganda is often unavailable and may be dangerous to reveal, because public cognizance of black propaganda tactics and sources would undermine or backfire the very campaign the black propagandist supported.
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749:"Convention on the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace" tried to create the standards for a liberal international public sphere. The Convention encouraged empathetic and neighborly radio broadcasts to other nations. It called for League prohibitions on international broadcast containing hostile speech and false claims. It tried to define the line between liberal and illiberal policies in communications, and emphasized the dangers of nationalist chauvinism. With Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia active on the radio, its liberal goals were ignored, while free speech advocates warned that the code represented restraints on free speech.
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1934:) define propaganda as the use of non-rational arguments to either advance or undermine a political ideal, and use disinformation as an alternative name for undermining propaganda. While others consider them to be separate concepts altogether. One popular distinction holds that disinformation also describes politically motivated messaging designed explicitly to engender public cynicism, uncertainty, apathy, distrust, and paranoia, all of which disincentivize citizen engagement and mobilization for social or political change.
1550:. The field includes many theories and approaches to understanding persuasion. For example, communication theory points out that people can be persuaded by the communicator's credibility, expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. The elaboration likelihood model, as well as heuristic models of persuasion, suggest that a number of factors (e.g., the degree of interest of the recipient of the communication), influence the degree to which people allow superficial factors to persuade them. Nobel Prize–winning psychologist
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filling people's minds with approved information, but by preventing people from being confronted with opposing points of view. What sets propaganda apart from other forms of advocacy is the willingness of the propagandist to change people's understanding through deception and confusion rather than persuasion and understanding. The leaders of an organization know the information to be one sided or untrue, but this may not be true for the rank and file members who help to disseminate the propaganda.
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techniques include "name calling" (using derogatory labels), "bandwagon" (expressing the social appeal of a message), or "glittering generalities" (using positive but imprecise language). With the rise of the internet and social media, Renee Hobbs identified four characteristic design features of many forms of contemporary propaganda: (1) it activates strong emotions; (2) it simplifies information; (3) it appeals to the hopes, fears, and dreams of a targeted audience; and (4) it attacks opponents.
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1063:" used during World War II and the Vietnam War, respectively), avoiding some words or language or by making allegations of enemy atrocities. The goal of this was to demoralize the opponent into thinking what was being projected was actually true. Most propaganda efforts in wartime require the home population to feel the enemy has inflicted an injustice, which may be fictitious or may be based on facts (e.g., the sinking of the passenger ship
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1099:), people will be eager to have them extinguished, and are therefore receptive to the reassurances of those in power. For this reason, propaganda is often addressed to people who are already sympathetic to the agenda or views being presented. This process of reinforcement uses an individual's predisposition to self-select "agreeable" information sources as a mechanism for maintaining control over populations.
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778:, political or commercial purposes through the controlled transmission of one-sided messages (which may or may not be factual) via mass and direct media channels." The definition focuses on the communicative process involved – or more precisely, on the purpose of the process, and allow "propaganda" to be interpreted as positive or negative behavior depending on the perspective of the viewer or listener.
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recycled in the media and in the educational system, without the need for direct governmental intervention on the media. Such permeating propaganda may be used for political goals: by giving citizens a false impression of the quality or policies of their country, they may be incited to reject certain proposals or certain remarks or ignore the experience of others.
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democracy or a fascist dictatorship or a
Parliament or a Communist dictatorship. The people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country.
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protective coloration in such names as 'public relations council,' 'specialist in public education,' 'public relations adviser.' " In 1949, political science professor Dayton David McKean wrote, "After World War I the word came to be applied to 'what you don't like of the other fellow's publicity,' as Edward L. Bernays said...."
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550:. Apart from its war films, Hollywood did its part to boost American morale in a film intended to show how stars of stage and screen who remained on the home front were doing their part not just in their labors, but also in their understanding that a variety of peoples worked together against the Axis menace:
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examples of "covert" propaganda because they take on the appearance of objective information rather than the appearance of propaganda, which is misleading. Federal law specifically mandates that any advertisement appearing in the format of a news item must state that the item is in fact a paid advertisement.
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Of all the potential targets for propaganda, children are the most vulnerable because they are the least prepared with the critical reasoning and contextual comprehension they need to determine whether a message is a propaganda or not. The attention children give their environment during development,
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country's industry. Propaganda posters were used because regular general radio broadcasting was yet to commence and TV technology was still under development). The assumption is that, if people believe something false, they will constantly be assailed by doubts. Since these doubts are unpleasant (see
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In the early 20th century, the invention of motion pictures (as in movies, diafilms) gave propaganda-creators a powerful tool for advancing political and military interests when it came to reaching a broad segment of the population and creating consent or encouraging rejection of the real or imagined
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Propaganda has become more common in political contexts, in particular, to refer to certain efforts sponsored by governments, political groups, but also often covert interests. In the early 20th century, propaganda was exemplified in the form of party slogans. Propaganda also has much in common with
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observed that newspapers were not expected to be independent organs of information when they began to play an important part in political life in the late 1700s, but were assumed to promote the views of their owners or government sponsors. In the 20th century, the term propaganda emerged along with
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Haifeng Huang argues that propaganda is not always necessarily about convincing a populace of its message (and may actually fail to do this) but instead can also function as a means of intimidating the citizenry and signalling the regime's strength and ability to maintain its control and power over
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by the German Navy in World War I). The home population must also believe that the cause of their nation in the war is just. In these efforts it was difficult to determine the accuracy of how propaganda truly impacted the war. In NATO doctrine, propaganda is defined as "Information, especially of a
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that "The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country. We are governed,
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the target group. This may begin with a simple transmission, such as a leaflet or advertisement dropped from a plane or an advertisement. Generally, these messages will contain directions on how to obtain more information, via a website, hotline, radio program, etc. (as it is seen also for selling
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released without conditions Latin prisoners that he had treated generously to their native cities, where they helped to disseminate his propaganda. The Romans on the other hand tried to portray
Hannibal as a person devoid of humanity and would soon lose the favour of gods. At the same time, led by
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The propagandist seeks to change the way people understand an issue or situation for the purpose of changing their actions and expectations in ways that are desirable to the interest group. Propaganda, in this sense, serves as a corollary to censorship in which the same purpose is achieved, not by
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A wide range of materials and media are used for conveying propaganda messages, which changed as new technologies were invented, including paintings, cartoons, posters, pamphlets, films, radio shows, TV shows, and websites. More recently, the digital age has given rise to new ways of disseminating
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and "fear ideology". The first three (ownership, funding, and sourcing) are generally regarded by the authors as being the most important. Although the model was based mainly on the characterization of United States media, Chomsky and Herman believe the theory is equally applicable to any country
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and the appearance of greater media fluidity, propaganda institutions, practices and legal frameworks have been evolving in the US and
Britain. Briant shows how this included expansion and integration of the apparatus cross-government and details attempts to coordinate the forms of propaganda for
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Roderick
Hindery argues that propaganda exists on the political left, and right, and in mainstream centrist parties. Hindery further argues that debates about most social issues can be productively revisited in the context of asking "what is or is not propaganda?" Not to be overlooked is the link
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In the journalistic context, advertisements evolved from the traditional commercial advertisements to include also a new type in the form of paid articles or broadcasts disguised as news. These generally present an issue in a very subjective and often misleading light, primarily meant to persuade
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In the Soviet Union during the Second World War, the propaganda designed to encourage civilians was controlled by Stalin, who insisted on a heavy-handed style that educated audiences easily saw was inauthentic. On the other hand, the unofficial rumors about German atrocities were well founded and
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Propaganda against other religions in the same community or propaganda intended to keep political power in the hands of a religious elite can incite religious hate on a global or national scale. It could make use of many propaganda mediums. War, terrorism, riots, and other violent acts can result
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famous Bureau of Public
Information (or 'Inflammation') helped to din into the public mind the fact that propaganda existed. ... The public's discovery of propaganda has led to a great of lamentation over it. Propaganda has become an epithet of contempt and hate, and the propagandists have sought
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NOAH ADAMS: The
European Center for War, Peace and the News Media, based in London, has received word from Belgrade that no pictures of mass Albanian refugees have been shown at all, and that the Kosovo humanitarian catastrophe is only referred to as the one made up or over-emphasised by Western
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were received as documents in evidence because they document the practices of the Nazis The following is an example of a propagandistic math problem recommended by the
National Socialist Essence of Education: "The Jews are aliens in Germany—in 1933 there were 66,606,000 inhabitants in the German
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explains that "Hitler...puts no limit on what can be done by propaganda; people will believe anything, provided they are told it often enough and emphatically enough, and that contradicters are either silenced or smothered in calumny." This was to be true in
Germany and backed up with their army
1565:'s 1931 article "A psychological definition of propaganda", "he four principles followed in propaganda are: (1) rely on emotions, never argue; (2) cast propaganda into the pattern of "we" versus an "enemy"; (3) reach groups as well as individuals; (4) hide the propagandist as much as possible."
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was originally a neutral term for the dissemination of information in favor of any given cause. During the 20th century, however, the term acquired a thoroughly negative meaning in western countries, representing the intentional dissemination of often false, but certainly "compelling" claims to
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a cyber-strategy was implemented using bots to direct US voters to
Russian political news and information sources, and to spread politically motivated rumors and false news stories. At this point it is considered commonplace contemporary political strategy around the world to implement bots in
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and not the more obvious ones used in traditional commercial advertisements. If the reader believes that a paid advertisement is in fact a news item, the message the advertiser is trying to communicate will be more easily "believed" or "internalized". Such advertisements are considered obvious
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Naturally, the common people don't want war; neither in Russia nor in
England nor in America, nor for that matter in Germany. That is understood. But, after all, it is the leaders of the country who determine the policy and it is always a simple matter to drag the people along, whether it is a
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what they learn at school, such disinformation will be repeated by journalists as well as parents, thus reinforcing the idea that the disinformation item is really a "well-known fact", even though no one repeating the myth is able to point to an authoritative source. The disinformation is then
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Propaganda can often be recognized by the rhetorical strategies used in its design. In the 1930s, the Institute for Propaganda Analysis identified a variety of propaganda techniques that were commonly used in newspapers and on the radio, which were the mass media of the time period. Propaganda
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is a form of propaganda that refers to the act of an individual convincing themself of something, no matter how irrational that idea may be. Self propaganda makes it easier for individuals to justify their own actions as well as the actions of others. Self-propaganda often works to lessen the
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to reach audiences outside Lebanon. Banners and billboards were commissioned in commemoration of the war, along with various merchandise items with Hezbollah's logo, flag color (yellow), and images of Nasrallah. T-shirts, baseball caps and other war memorabilia were marketed for all ages. The
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markings). The term propaganda may also refer to false information meant to reinforce the mindsets of people who already believe as the propagandist wishes (e.g., During the First World War, the main purpose of British propaganda was to encourage men to join the army, and women to work in the
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defines it as "the deliberate manipulation of representations (including text, pictures, video, speech etc.) with the intention of producing any effect in the audience (e.g. action or inaction; reinforcement or transformation of feelings, ideas, attitudes or behaviours) that is desired by the
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By the 1990s, the topic of propaganda was no longer a part of public education, having been relegated to a specialist subject. Secondary English educators grew fearful of the study of propaganda genres, choosing to focus on argumentation and reasoning instead of the highly emotional forms of
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flanked by children. The text reads: "Children! Learning, at home and in school, the worship of the Fatherland, you will bring all chances of success to life. Only love builds and, strongly loving Brazil, you will lead it to the greatest of destinies among Nations, fulfilling the desires of
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provided a broad definition of the term propaganda, writing it as: "the expression of opinions or actions carried out deliberately by individuals or groups with a view to influencing the opinions or actions of other individuals or groups for predetermined ends and through psychological
245:'s 2011 guidance for military public affairs defines propaganda as "information, ideas, doctrines, or special appeals disseminated to influence the opinion, emotions, attitudes, or behaviour of any specified group in order to benefit the sponsor, either directly or indirectly".
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framed propaganda in relation to larger themes about the relationship between humans and technology. Media messages did not serve to enlighten or inspire, he argued. They merely overwhelm by arousing emotions and oversimplifying ideas, limiting human reasoning and judgement.
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1905:... were circulated during the late 1930s) and contained depictions of Jews as devils, child molesters and other morally charged figures. Slogans such as "Judas the Jew betrayed Jesus the German to the Jews" were recited in class. During the Nuremberg Trial,
1331:(GAO), an arm of the United States Congress, refers to as "covert propaganda." Propaganda is divided into two in political situations, they are preparation, meaning to create a new frame of mind or view of things, and operational, meaning they instigate actions.
1689: – to other businesses (advertisers) and that benefit from access to information from government and corporate sources to produce their content. The theory postulates five general classes of "filters" that shape the content that is presented in news media:
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biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view." Within this perspective, the information provided does not need to be necessarily false but must be instead relevant to specific goals of the "actor" or "system" that performs it.
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disseminated over one million books to Soviet readers over the span of 15 years, including novels by George Orwell, Albert Camus, Vladimir Nabakov, James Joyce, and Pasternak in an attempt to promote anti-communist sentiment and sympathy of Western values.
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campaigns by governments, which are intended to encourage or discourage certain forms of behavior (such as wearing seat belts, not smoking, not littering, and so forth). Again, the emphasis is more political in propaganda. Propaganda can take the form of
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approach. Richard Alan Nelson provides a definition of the term: "Propaganda is neutrally defined as a systematic form of purposeful persuasion that attempts to influence the emotions, attitudes, opinions, and actions of specified target audiences for
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propagandist." The same author explains the importance of consistent terminology across history, particularly as contemporary euphemistic synonyms are used in governments' continual efforts to rebrand their operations such as 'information support' and
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in Britain: Writing in 1928, Lasswell observed, "In democratic countries the official propaganda bureau was looked upon with genuine alarm, for fear that it might be suborned to party and personal ends. The outcry in the United States against Mr.
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as "things that must be disseminated", in some cultures the term is neutral or even positive, while in others the term has acquired a strong negative connotation. The connotations of the term "propaganda" can also vary over time. For example, in
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argues that, "Propaganda is making puppets of us. We are moved by hidden strings which the propagandist manipulates." In the 1920s and 1930s, propaganda was sometimes described as all-powerful. For example, Bernays acknowledged in his book
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was formed to introduce methods of instruction for high school and college students, helping learners to recognize and desist propaganda by identifying persuasive techniques. This work built upon classical rhetoric and it was informed by
1718:, a digital learning platform for teaching and learning about contemporary propaganda. The study of contemporary propaganda is growing in secondary education, where it is seen as a part of language arts and social studies education.
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frequently appeared on postage stamps in Germany and some of the occupied nations. A British program to parody these, and other Nazi-inspired stamps, involved airdropping them into Germany on letters containing anti-Nazi literature.
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accuse the leaders of what they consider cults of using propaganda extensively to recruit followers and keep them. Hadden argued that ex-members of cults and the anti-cult movement are committed to making these movements look bad.
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Some time has been spent analyzing the means by which the propaganda messages are transmitted. That work is important but it is clear that information dissemination strategies become propaganda strategies only when coupled with
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is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using
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and create hatred toward a supposed enemy, either internal or external, by creating a false image in the mind of soldiers and citizens. This can be done by using derogatory or racist terms (e.g., the racist terms
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throughout Europe, and in particular within Germany, caused new ideas, thoughts, and doctrine to be made available to the public in ways that had never been seen before the 16th century. During the era of the
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and critiqued by some scholars. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (section 1078 (a)) amended the US Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (popularly referred to as the
556:(1943) features one segment meant to dispel Americans' mistrust of the Soviets, and another to dispel their bigotry against the Chinese. Polish filmmakers in Great Britain created the anti-Nazi color film
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convincing. Stalin was a Georgian who spoke Russian with a heavy accent. That would not do for a national hero so starting in the 1930s all new visual portraits of Stalin were retouched to erase his
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blamed each other for obscure and degrading origins, cruelty, cowardice, oratorical and literary incompetence, debaucheries, luxury, drunkenness and other slanders. This defamation took the form of
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The term is essentially contested and some have argued for a neutral definition, arguing that ethics depend on intent and context, while others define it as necessarily unethical and negative.
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343:). Academic Barbara Diggs-Brown conceives that the negative connotations of the term "propaganda" are associated with the earlier social and political transformations that occurred during the
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1238:, each of which can be thought of as propaganda that promotes a commercial product or shapes the perception of an organization, person, or brand. For example, after claiming victory in the
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as one of their special audience for its propaganda messages. Schools and texts mirrored what the Nazis aimed of instilling in German youth through the use and promotion of racial theory.
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and social scientific studies of propaganda and persuasion. In the 1950s, propaganda theory and education examined the rise of American consumer culture, and this work was popularized by
1007:, he attached pamphlets to balloons that his archers would shoot down. The content spoke of freedom and equality and provoked the populace to rebel against the tyrants (their Signoria).
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purposes among other goals). The strategy intends to initiate the individual from information recipient to information seeker through reinforcement, and then from information seeker to
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789:, propaganda is defined as either white, grey or black. White propaganda openly discloses its source and intent. Grey propaganda has an ambiguous or non-disclosed source or intent.
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Edmund McGarry illustrates that advertising is more than selling to an audience but a type of propaganda that is trying to persuade the public and not to be balanced in judgement.
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1503:. The company initially denied breaking laws but later admitted breaking UK law, the scandal provoking a worldwide debate on acceptable use of data for propaganda and influence.
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Simply enough the covenant specifically is not defining the content of propaganda. In simplest terms, an act of propaganda if used in a reply to a wartime act is not prohibited.
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314:, stir up patriotic feelings in the population of his empire (he was the first ruler who utilized one-sided battle reports – the early predecessors of modern newspapers or
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movement of 1789 to 1799 between the start and the middle portion of the 19th century, in a time where the word started to be used in a nonclerical and political context.
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due to the process of developing their understanding of the world, causes them to absorb propaganda indiscriminately. Also, children are highly imitative: studies by
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society; by investing significant resources into propaganda, the regime can forewarn its citizens of its strength and deterring them from attempting to challenge it.
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426:. Goebbels mentions propaganda as a way to see through the masses. Symbols are used towards propaganda such as justice, liberty and one's devotion to one's country.
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to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented. Propaganda can be found in a wide variety of different contexts.
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1651:. It argues that the way in which commercial media institutions are structured and operate (e.g. through advertising revenue, concentration of media ownership, or
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Post–World War II usage of the word "propaganda" more typically refers to political or nationalist uses of these techniques or to the promotion of a set of ideas.
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In the 1980s, academics recognized that news and journalism could function as propaganda when business and government interests were amplified by mass media. The
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During the 1930s, educators in the United States and around the world became concerned about the rise of anti-Semitism and other forms of violent extremism. The
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1327:. In the case of the United States, there is also an important legal (imposed by law) distinction between advertising (a type of overt propaganda) and what the
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4239:"Algorithms, bots, and political communication in the US 2016 election: The challenge of automated political communication for election law and administration"
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1874:, headed a publishing house that disseminated anti-Semitic propaganda picture books in schools during the Nazi dictatorship. This was accomplished through the
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300:(Roman rhetorical genre of the invective) which was decisive for shaping the Roman public opinion at this time. Another early example of propaganda was from
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felt by individuals when their personal actions or the actions of their government do not line up with their moral beliefs. Self-propaganda is a type of
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In the wake of this, the internet has become a prolific method of distributing political propaganda, benefiting from an evolution in coding called bots.
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activities. In English, the cognate began taking a pejorative or negative connotation in the mid-19th century, when it was used in the political sphere.
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External Communication in Social Media During Asymmetric Conflicts A Theoretical Model and Empirical Case Study of the Conflict in Israel and Palestine
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Poster in a North Korean primary school targeting the United States military. The Korean text reads: "Are you playing the game of catching these guys?"
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had been coupled with psychological profiling using illegally obtained social media data for political campaigns in the United States in 2016 to aid
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Williamson, Samuel R.; Balfour, Michael (Winter 1980). "Propaganda in War, 1939–1945: Organisations, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany".
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David Goodman, "Liberal and Illiberal Internationalism in the Making of the League of Nations Convention on Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace."
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828:. Caption reads: "Don't frighten us Pope, with your ban, and don't be such a furious man. Otherwise we shall turn around and show you our rears."
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Eksteins, Modris; Balfour, Michael (October 1980). "Propaganda in War, 1939–1945: Organisations, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany".
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about the history of certain groups or foreign countries may be encouraged or tolerated in the educational system. Since few people actually
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Auerbach, Jonathan, and Russ Castronovo: "Thirteen Propositions about Propaganda." The Oxford Handbook of Propaganda Studies, December 2013.
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Kunczic, Michael (9 August 2016). "Public Relations in Kriegzeiten – Die Notwendigkeit von Lüge und Zensur". In Preußer, Heinz-Peter (ed.).
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1558:. That is, in a society of mass information, people are forced to make decisions quickly and often superficially, as opposed to logically.
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from it. It can also conceal injustices, inequities, exploitation, and atrocities, leading to ignorance-based indifference and alienation.
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Propaganda is sometimes evaluated based on the intention and goals of the individual or institution who created it. According to historian
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is treated as a more neutral or positive term, though it can be used pejoratively through protest or other informal settings within China.
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is viewed by most historians as an early example of propaganda. Another striking example of propaganda during ancient history is the last
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3496:"Nicht Bapst: nicht schreck uns mit deim ban, Und sey nicht so zorniger man. Wir thun sonst ein gegen wehre, Und zeigen dirs Bel vedere"
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Propaganda can also be turned on its makers. For example, postage stamps have frequently been tools for government advertising, such as
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Identifying propaganda has always been a problem. The main difficulties have involved differentiating propaganda from other types of
711:, the term began to fall out of favor due to growing public suspicion of propaganda in the wake of its use during World War I by the
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The 20th century has been characterized by three developments of great political importance: the growth of democracy, the growth of
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in the early 1940s were designed to create a patriotic mindset and convince viewers that sacrifices needed to be made to defeat the
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Kosar, Kevin R., Public Relations and Propaganda: Restrictions on Executive Branch Activities, CRS Report RL32750, February 2005.
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as well as some similar non-English terms retain neutral or positive connotations. For example, in official party discourse,
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approach, but historically, propaganda had been a neutral descriptive term of any material that promotes certain opinions or
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nations. Through a front organization called the Bedford Publishing Company, the CIA through a covert department called the
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Outside the realm of official discourse, however, propaganda (xuanchuan), is occasionally used in a negative way...(p. 195)
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Propaganda was often used to influence opinions and beliefs on religious issues, particularly during the split between the
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Garcia, Hugo. "Reluctant liars? Public debates on propaganda and democracy in twentieth-century Britain (ca. 1914–1950)",
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409:(1925) Hitler expounded his theory of propaganda, which provided a powerful base for his rise to power in 1933. Historian
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5509:, 6th edn. California: Sage Publications, 2014. A detailed overview of the history, function, and analyses of propaganda.
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Modern Propaganda : The art of influencing society, individuals, and the news media through digital communication.
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Le conflit propagandiste entre Octavien et Marc Antoine: De l'usage politique de la uituperatio entre 44 et 30 a. C. n.
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1875:
1367:) and the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1987, allowing for materials produced by the State Department and the
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Le conflit propagandiste entre Octavien et Marc Antoine. De l'usage politique de la uituperatio entre 44 et 30 a. C. n
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of the medium, reliance on advertising revenue, access to news sources, threat of litigation and commercial backlash (
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the rise of mass media, including newspapers and radio. As researchers began studying the effects of media, they used
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Briant, Emma Louise (April 2015). "Allies and Audiences Evolving Strategies in Defense and Intelligence Propaganda".
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687:, the word "propaganda" usually refers to the most common manipulative media in business terms – "advertising".
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propaganda, for example, bots and algorithms are currently being used to create computational propaganda and fake or
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1738:. Self-propaganda can have a negative impact on those who perpetuate the beliefs created by using self-propaganda.
1456:. Identifying these messages is a necessary prerequisite to study the methods by which those messages are spread.
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4428:"Facebook knew Cambridge Analytica was misusing users' data three years ago and only banned the company this week"
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4001:(1947). In an interview with Gilbert in Göring's jail cell during the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials (18 April 1946)
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO Standardization Agency AAP-6 – Glossary of terms and definitions, 2-P-9.
1840:. The use of propaganda in schools was highly prevalent during the 1930s and 1940s in Germany in the form of the
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was revealed to have applied them with millions of people's breached Facebook data to encourage them to vote for
1420:
Common media for transmitting propaganda messages include news reports, government reports, historical revision,
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government sponsored the Russian film industry with the purpose of making propaganda films (e.g., the 1925 film
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Lasswell, Harold. Propaganda Technique in the World War. K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company, Limited, 1927.
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The first large-scale and organised propagation of government propaganda was occasioned by the outbreak of the
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Primitive forms of propaganda have been a human activity as far back as reliable recorded evidence exists. The
1836:, formal education and standardized television programming can be seen as using propaganda for the purpose of
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ideals). In WWII, Nazi filmmakers produced highly emotional films to create popular support for occupying the
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revealed advances in digital propaganda techniques showing that online human intelligence techniques used in
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say his "majestic new image was devised appropriately to depict the leader of all times and of all peoples."
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prohibits any propaganda for war as well as any advocacy of national or religious hatred that constitutes
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Fox, J. C., 2007, "Film propaganda in Britain and Nazi Germany : World War II cinema.", Oxford:Berg.
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2005:
1965:
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Callanan, James D. The Evolution of The CIA's Covert Action Mission, 1947–1963. Durham University. 1999.
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Books as Weapons: Propaganda, Publishing, and the Battle for Global Markets in the Era of World War II.
4216:'Anti-Propaganda' Ban Repealed, Freeing State Dept. To Direct Its Broadcasting Arm at American Citizens
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1428:, radio, television, and posters. Some propaganda campaigns follow a strategic transmission pattern to
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5022:. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. 31 August 1979. Archived from the original on 24 May 2001.
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have become significant in understanding and planning propaganda campaigns, these include for example
1129:(1992–95) presented as an actual photograph from the scene of, as stated in report below the image, a
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operations in which the identity of the operatives is depicted as those of an enemy nation (e.g., The
239:
our minds are molded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of."
41:
A poster that was used to encourage Americans to car-share in order to conserve oil for the US during
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1339:. He argues that threats to destroy are often as socially disruptive as physical devastation itself.
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became popular, especially for winning over youthful audiences and aiding the U.S. war effort, e.g.,
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and make him a more generalized Soviet hero. Only his eyes and famous moustache remained unaltered.
979:, extensive campaigns of propaganda were carried out by both sides. To dissolve the Roman system of
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purports to be published by the enemy or some organization besides its actual origins (compare with
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had a flourishing network of newspapers and printers who specialized in the topic on behalf of the
4293:"North Korea's America-hating postage stamps are mini-masterpieces of anti-imperialist propaganda"
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Whether and to what degree disinformation and propaganda overlap is subject to debate. Some (like
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stressed the importance of propaganda. Propaganda was used extensively by Communist forces in the
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propaganda found in advertising and political campaigns. In 2015, the European Commission funded
1448:, since propagandists use arguments that, while sometimes convincing, are not necessarily valid.
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campaigned for broader popularity among Arabs by organizing mass rallies where Hezbollah leader
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1584:. Behavioural methodologies then became subject to great controversy in 2016 after the company
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had his likeness softened on propaganda posters to reduce his Georgian facial characteristics.
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Kuehl, Dan (10 March 2014). "Chapter 1: Propaganda in the Digital Age". In Snow, Nancy (ed.).
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analyses commercial mass media as businesses that sell a product – access to readers and
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propaganda poster encouraging men in the United States to enlist and fight Germany as part of
542:. Others were intended to help Americans understand their Allies in general, as in films like
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4390:"Exposing Cambridge Analytica: 'It's been exhausting, exhilarating, and slightly terrifying'"
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2020:
1975:
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1046:" posters, this iconic piece of propaganda tries to warn citizens against giving out secrets.
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and other non-Serbs). Serb media made a great effort in justifying, revising or denying mass
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The Black Game: British Subversive Operations Against the German During the Second World War
4620:"Review of Alex Carey, Taking the Risk out of Democracy: Propaganda in the US and Australia"
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was the first ruler to utilize the power of the printing press for propaganda – in order to
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Illusions of Freedom: Thomas Merton and Jacques Ellul on Technology and the Human Condition
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The Discourse of Propaganda: Case Studies from the Persian Gulf War and the 'War on Terror'
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research are used to generate propaganda. Many of these same techniques can be found under
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Huang, Haifeng. "Propaganda as signaling." Comparative Politics 47, no. 4 (2015): 419–444.
318:– targeting the mass.) and influence the population of his enemies. Propaganda during the
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Cunningham Stanley B. "Reflections on the Interface Between Propaganda and Religion", in
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invented one kind of psychological warfare targeting the enemies. During his war against
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Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice: Improving the Quality of Judgments and Decisions
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The League encouraged the teaching of racial theory. Picture books for children such as
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400:
143:. Its activity was aimed at "propagating" the Catholic faith in non-Catholic countries.
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to explain how people could be influenced by emotionally-resonant persuasive messages.
2725:
Cole, Richard G. (1975). "The Reformation in Print: German Pamphlets and Propaganda".
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In the early 20th century the term propaganda was used by the founders of the nascent
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3356:"Teaching about Propaganda: An Examination of the Historical Roots of Media Literacy"
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2015:
1856:, the education system was thoroughly co-opted to indoctrinate the German youth with
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583:, television, and radio programming to influence their own citizens, each other, and
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4845:"Poisoning young minds in Nazi Germany: children and propaganda in the Third Reich"
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2365:"Are We Victims of Propaganda, Our Invisible Masters: A Debate with Edward Bernays"
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Bending Spines: The Propagandas of Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic
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The Menace of Unreality: How the Kremlin Weaponizes Information, Culture and Money
4255:
4238:
2912:
Philip M. Taylor, 1990, "Munitions of the mind: A history of propaganda", Pg. 170.
2626:
Six Centuries of Master Prints: Treasures from the Herbert Greer French Collection
1706:
structure, and the model has subsequently been applied by other scholars to study
1659:
that make them act as propaganda for powerful political and commercial interests:
430:
saw continued use of propaganda as a weapon of war, building on the experience of
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Taking the Risk out of Democracy: Corporate Propaganda versus Freedom and Liberty
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Publicity and Diplomacy: With Special Reference to England and Germany, 1890–1914
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Cengage Advantage Books: Strategic Public Relations: An Audience-Focused Approach
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204:
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122:
91:
56:
3168:
Taylor, Philip M. (2002). "Strategic Communications or Democratic Propaganda?".
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639:. Propaganda was used to create fear and hatred, and particularly to incite the
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8809:
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Toxic Sludge Is Good for You! Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry
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4885:
4312:"Stalin on Stamps and other Philatelic Materials: Design, Propaganda, Politics"
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Soviet "Ne Boltai" poster. Translates to "Don't Chatter". Similar to American "
323:
224:
183:
5532:
McCombs, M. E. & D. L. Shaw. "The agenda-setting function of mass media",
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Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present
4975:
DISTINGUISHING DISINFORMATION FROM PROPAGANDA, MISINFORMATION, AND "FAKE NEWS"
3181:
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Yourman, Julius (November 1939). "Propaganda Techniques Within Nazi Germany".
1870:
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4910:. Chapel Hill & London: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. p. 119.
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4189:
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United Nations Human Rights: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
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Doob, L.W. (1949), Public Opinion and Propaganda, London: Cresset Press p 240
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824:. Title: Kissing the Pope's Feet. German peasants respond to a papal bull of
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624:
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492:
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making it difficult to allow other propaganda to flow in. Most propaganda in
6101:
5444:
Manipulating the Masses: Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of American Propaganda
4162:
3263:
3227:
2926:
1143:
Propaganda may be administered in insidious ways. For instance, disparaging
30:
This article is about the biased form of communication. For other uses, see
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Propaganda in Twentieth Century War and Politics: An Annotated Bibliography
5327:
5081:
Hindery, Roderick. "The Anatomy of Propaganda within Religious Terrorism".
4661:
4641:
4543:"Facebook and Cambridge Analytica face mounting pressure over data scandal"
3303:
The Case Against the Modern World: A Crash Course in Traditionalist Thought
2986:
2738:
2309:. Trans. Konrad Kellen & Jean Lerner from original 1962 French edition
1995:
1955:
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1841:
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1133:. The image is derived from an 1879 "Orphan on mother's grave" painting by
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portray the use of propaganda in fictional dystopian societies. During the
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481:
469:
427:
415:
410:
384:
301:
42:
8453:
4675:
Fleming, David (2019). "Fear of persuasion in the English language arts".
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The New Cambridge Modern History: volume XII The Era of Violence 1890–1945
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came to echo this view, believing that it had been a primary cause of the
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2967:"Franciszka and Stefan Themerson: Calling Mr. Smith (1943) – artincinema"
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suggested that British propaganda had been instrumental in their defeat.
379:
in 1914. After the defeat of Germany, military officials such as General
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79:
5756:
5360:
The New Propaganda: The Dictatorship of Palaver in Contemporary Politics
4829:
2504:
Davison, W. Phillips (1971). "Some Trends in International Propaganda".
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Propaganda is a powerful weapon in war; in certain cases, it is used to
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A History of Japanese Journalism: State of Affairs and Affairs of State
4447:"Cambridge Analytica denies breaking any laws in Facebook data scandal"
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1985:
1980:
1776: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1324:
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1206:
1079:
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907: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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996:, they organized elaborate religious rituals to protect Roman morale.
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Propaganda without Propagandists? Six Case Studies in U.S. Propaganda
5481:
5306:. New York: H. Liveright, 1928. (See also version of text at website
4524:"Barack Obama to bring Whitehall's 'nudge' theory to the White House"
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2255:
1970:
1690:
1686:
1323:, posters, TV, and radio broadcasts and can also extend to any other
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461:
163:
100:
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Pedro-Carañana, Joan; Broudy, Daniel; Klaehn, Jeffery, eds. (2018).
4466:"Cambridge Analytica's parent pleads guilty to breaking UK data law"
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can be used for many things, including populating social media with
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5127:(4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc.
5063:
Berlin Calling: American Broadcasters in Service to the Third Reich
4808:
Goutam, Urvashi (2014). "Pedagogical Nazi Propaganda (1939–1945)".
4388:
Carole Cadwalladr, as told to Lee Glendinning (29 September 2018).
4044:
McGarry, Edmund D. (1958). "The Propaganda Function in Marketing".
2856:
1945:
988:
846:
775:
644:
576:
535:
289:
71:
4495:
Biddle, W. W. (1931). "A psychological definition of propaganda".
2506:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
947:
in a way that he hoped would make Americans angry and support the
683:
and some Spanish language speaking countries, particularly in the
9051:
8857:
8691:
8380:
8163:
8044:
7604:
7594:
7589:
7572:
7115:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
6980:
6851:
6270:
6243:
6181:
5975:
5835:
5749:
How does propaganda change our beliefs? Lecture by Etienne Augé (
4409:"Research on Leave.EU and Cambridge Analytica strategy published"
3565:"The Religious Movements Page: Conceptualizing "Cult" and "Sect""
2660:
Marketing Maximilian: The Visual Ideology of a Holy Roman Emperor
1950:
1445:
1179:
972:
707:
support or justify political actions or ideologies. According to
671:
industry to refer to their people. Literally translated from the
636:
497:
468:
and attacking Poland. The 1930s and 1940s, which saw the rise of
220:
through the development and cultivation of propaganda materials.
3111:
Lasswell, Harold D. (1928). "The Function of the Propagandist".
8437:
8402:
8004:
7842:
7639:
7634:
7619:
7517:
7420:
6070:
5207:
Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941
4237:
Howard, Philip N.; Woolley, Samuel; Calo, Ryan (3 April 2018).
3583:
1472:
1464:
1004:
984:
964:
690:
648:
531:
281:
117:. Originally this word derived from a new administrative body (
5703:
Information Politics and Propaganda in Authoritarian Societies
5332:
Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media
4643:
The Propaganda Model Today: Filtering Perception and Awareness
4413:
UK Parliamentary Committee on Digital, Culture Media and Sport
4137:
Indoctrination and self-deception or free and critical thought
3317:"This WWII Cartoon Taught Soldiers How to Avoid Certain Death"
1678:
Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media
1131:"Serbian boy whose whole family was killed by Bosnian Muslims"
7979:
7798:
7728:
7214:
6060:
3487:
In Latin, the title reads "Hic oscula pedibus papae figuntur"
1832:
and Sheila A. Ross in the 1960s indicated that, to a degree,
1648:
1279:
980:
672:
5558:
A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States
5188:
A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States
3342:
A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States
1878:, of which 97% of all German teachers were members in 1937.
1155:
963:
as well as other mythical images to incite feelings against
7567:
7522:
6327:
5572:
Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion
5567:. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
5429:, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1963, 537 pages.
4541:
Cadwalladr, Carole; Graham-Harrison, Emma (19 March 2018).
3897:
Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II
1671:
as a means of protecting corporate power against democracy.
1647:
exist in mass media that are shaped by structural economic
1343:
1060:
960:
770:
640:
242:
146:
From the 1790s, the term began being used also to refer to
5586:
Weapons of Mass Persuasion: Marketing the War Against Iraq
4639:
2982:"Is Literature 'the Most Important Weapon of Propaganda'?"
2451:
The Ancient World: Readings in Social and Cultural History
5339:
Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda
5322:
Techniques of Persuasion: From Propaganda to Brainwashing
4540:
4316:
The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies
1259:
uniformity of messaging helped define Hezbollah's brand.
1056:
959:, the Athenians exploited the figures from stories about
5641:
Propaganda, Inc.: Selling America's Culture to the World
2299:
Ellul, Jacques (1965). Introduction by Konrad Kellen in
2218:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 22–24, 195.
2138:
Strategic Public Relations: An Audience-Focused Approach
1166:
symbolizes the British-American alliance in World War I.
4712:
Mind Over Media: Propaganda Education for a Digital Age
4633:
4371:"10 WWII Stamp Forgeries Used as Psychological Warfare"
3760:
2447:
2113:
Mind Over Media: Propaganda Education for a Digital Age
1847:
3970:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
3941:
3212:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 9.
1907:
Trust No Fox on his Green Heath and No Jew on his Oath
1884:
Trust No Fox on his Green Heath and No Jew on his Oath
6512:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
6144:
4081:
How to Be a Spy: The World War II SOE Training Manual
3032:"Vietnamese propaganda reflections from 1945 to 2000"
1621:. European theologian Jacques Ellul's landmark work,
1386:
and posts with a range of sophistication. During the
62:
Beginning in the twentieth century, the English term
7381:
Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
6709:
4031:
The Hizbullah Phenomenon: Politics and Communication
3689:"Politische parolen und propaganda im Hannibalkrieg"
3509:
Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531–46
3467:
Luther's Last Battles: Politics And Polemics 1531-46
2592:
Images of Nations and International Public Relations
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
1347:
foreign and domestic audiences, with new efforts in
1203:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
939:
A famous example of propaganda, this poster made by
216:
are linked as humans use communication as a form of
5579:
Endless Propaganda: The Advertising of Public Goods
5519:. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1997.
5427:
Propagande et pressions en politique internationale
5122:
4965:
2330:
2252:
Red Tourism in China: Commodification of Propaganda
1554:won the Nobel prize for his theory that people are
484:, created one of the best-known propaganda movies,
6484:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
4954:, Institute of Modern Russia, 2014, archived from
3411:
1917:
1599:
1511:
1335:between propaganda, indoctrination, and terrorism/
1291:that influence mass audiences. An example was the
1263:rather than inform. Normally they use only subtle
1234:Propaganda shares techniques with advertising and
534:and advocates the value of freedom. Some American
7036:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
6588:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
5045:. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
4880:"Propaganda and Children during the Hitler Years"
4236:
3785:
3049:
3029:
3007:
2623:Museum, Cincinnati Art; Becker, David P. (1993).
2119:
1814:(New State) regime depicting Brazilian president
1467:on numerous Soviet stamps is another example. In
1209:to discrimination, hostility or violence by law.
9122:
6931:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
5529:. Orchard Park, New York: Broadview Press, 2002.
5032:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4776:
4774:
4646:. Vol. 8. University of Westminster Press.
4243:Journal of Information Technology & Politics
4013:American Thought and Culture in the 21st Century
3087:"English translation of Portuguese 'propaganda'"
2427:. Louisiana State University Press. p. 12.
1479:In 2018 a scandal broke in which the journalist
1351:. These were subject to contestation within the
971:was even portrayed as an Athenian, whose mother
5549:Moran, T. "Propaganda as Pseudocommunication",
4341:"Propaganda & Espionage Philately – Part I"
3820:
3203:
3201:
3199:
2843:Cantril, Hadley (1938). "Propaganda Analysis".
1901:were widely circulated (over 100,000 copies of
476:, are arguably the "Golden Age of Propaganda".
420:Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
5581:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (2000)
5123:Jowett, Garth S.; O'Donnell, Victoria (2006).
5020:Psychological Operations Field Manual No. 33-1
4727:A Mask for Privilege: Anti-Semitism in America
3771:sfn error: no target: CITEREFFüssel202010–12 (
2448:Nagle, D. Brendan; Stanley M Burstein (2009).
1074:Propaganda is also one of the methods used in
109:, meaning 'to spread' or 'to propagate', thus
8469:
7744:
7466:
7244:Election denial movement in the United States
6130:
6106:
5772:
5588:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004.
4771:
4497:The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
4084:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. 2004. p. 192.
3535:"Trouvère Poets: Reflectors of Societal Zeal"
3239:
3237:
1819:exaltation nestled in every Brazilian heart."
1520:Public reading of the anti-Semitic newspaper
5691:. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1995.
5473:
5437:Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes
5226:"Psychological warfare waged in Afghanistan"
5171:. Washington, D.C.: Infantry Journal Press.
4277:Garth S. Jowett and Victoria J.: O'Donnell,
3439:Oberman, Heiko Augustinus (1 January 1994).
3196:
2622:
2302:Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes
1925:Disinformation § Comparisons with propaganda
1860:ideology. From the 1920s on, the Nazi Party
1624:Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes
659:committed by Serb forces during these wars.
575:both used propaganda extensively during the
512:, referring the song's name to the Soviet's
354:A 1918 Finnish propaganda leaflet signed by
8967:Political polarization in the United States
8483:
6464:
5574:. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1992.
5505:Jowett, Garth S. & Victoria O'Donnell.
4178:The International Journal of Press/Politics
3766:
3248:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
2767:
2663:. Princeton University Press. p. 235.
2331:Jowett, Garth; O'Donnell, Victoria (2012).
2134:
620:as means of controlling people's opinions.
104:
8476:
8462:
7751:
7737:
7473:
7459:
6916:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
6137:
6123:
5779:
5765:
5724:, vol. 33, no. 3 (2019), pp. 383–404.
5715:"Two Ways of Looking at Propaganda" (2006)
5701:Rosenfeld, Bryn; Wallace, Jeremy (2024). "
5292:Altheide, David L. & John M. Johnson.
5163:
4922:Can public diplomacy survive the internet?
4810:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
4309:
3911:
3682:
3680:
3656:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 68.
3234:
2979:
2321:(1973 edition by Vintage Books, New York).
2070:
2068:
1914:Reich, of whom 499,682 (.75%) were Jews."
643:population against the other ethnicities (
99:is a modern Latin word, the neuter plural
9020:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
8212:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
5786:
5570:Pratkanis, Anthony & Elliot Aronson.
5560:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1996.
5527:Propaganda & The Ethics of Persuasion
4323:
4254:
3616:Magill, Frank Northen (23 January 2003).
3499:
3459:
3371:
3314:
3158:, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1949.
2398:
1792:Learn how and when to remove this message
923:Learn how and when to remove this message
339:(and to a lesser extent on behalf of the
7269:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
5733:
5389:
5377:The Idea of Propaganda: A Reconstruction
5355:. 3 vols. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.
4780:
4750:
4568:
3110:
2172:. Oxford University Press. December 2020
1803:
1515:
1404:
1278:
1169:
1154:
1037:
1012:
934:
803:
756:
689:
349:
174:
36:
7480:
7068:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
5665:
5662:. Bloomington, IN: EDINFO Press. (1994)
5059:
5040:
4971:
4842:
4836:
4674:
4425:
4134:
4043:
3914:"10 Facts You Didn't Know About Stalin"
3686:
3677:
3505:
3438:
3432:
3045:. Thailand: Mahidol University: 87–116.
2842:
2807:
2588:
2554:
2503:
2478:
2335:(5th ed.). Sage Publications Inc.
2290:New York: Barnes and Noble Books (1949)
2215:The Globalization of Chinese Propaganda
2135:Diggs-Brown, Barbara (12 August 2011).
2065:
27:Communication used to influence opinion
14:
9123:
7195:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
6986:Soviet influence on the peace movement
6583:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
5695:
5204:
5185:
5147:The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind
5141:
5098:
4807:
4521:
4494:
4406:
4175:
4033:. Oxford University Press. p. 84.
4025:
3739:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 275.
3649:
3615:
3532:
3243:
3207:
3167:
2690:
2656:
2355:
1297:(Journal) news cast, which criticised
137:Congregation for Propagating the Faith
9062:Psychological effects of Internet use
8457:
7732:
7454:
7342:
6920:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
6708:
6621:
6529:
6463:
6160:
6118:
6105:
5760:
5687:Stauber, John & Sheldon Rampton.
5223:
4754:Propaganda in the Helping Professions
4751:Gambrill, Eileen (20 February 2012).
4709:
4476:from the original on 21 February 2021
4463:
4444:
4290:
3732:
3622:. Taylor & Francis. p. 422.
3597:. Union of International Associations
3442:The Impact of the Reformation: Essays
3409:
3394:
3353:
3315:McNearney, Allison (29 August 2018).
2629:. Cincinnati Art Museum. p. 68.
2422:
2211:
2107:
2074:
1463:'s extensive issues. The presence of
662:
190:title: "Together we will crush him!".
184:27th SS Volunteer Division Langemarck
115:the things which are to be propagated
8200:Right-wing authoritarian personality
5634:
5613:
5362:. White Plains, N.Y. Longman. (1993)
5089:
4522:Wright, Oliver (16 September 2015).
4338:
4110:Propaganda and Critical Thought Blog
3030:Sophana Srichampa (30 August 2007).
2794:Robert Ensor in David Thomson, ed.,
2724:
2694:Gutenberg and the Impact of Printing
2103:
2101:
1848:Anti-Semitic propaganda for children
1774:adding citations to reliable sources
1745:
905:adding citations to reliable sources
876:
9037:Digital media use and mental health
7190:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
6400:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
5446:. Louisiana State University Press.
5080:
4908:Genocide and the Politics of Memory
4571:Propaganda Technique in World War I
4426:Merelli, Annalisa (17 March 2018).
3403:
3360:Journal of Media Literacy Education
3057:"Serbian Propaganda: A Closer Look"
2691:FĂĽssel, Stephan (29 January 2020).
2380:. Forum Publishing Company: 142–150
2249:
2011:Overview of 21st century propaganda
1287:can be found in television, and in
745:David Goodman argues that the 1936
564:and about lies of Nazi propaganda.
24:
6661:Misinformation related to abortion
5707:Annual Review of Political Science
5334:. New York: Pantheon Books. (1988)
5252:
1876:National Socialist Teachers League
1721:
1580:then adopted by the UK Government
446:enemy. In the years following the
25:
9162:
9042:Effects of violence in mass media
8746:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
6878:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
6491:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
5644:. New York: Seven Stories Press.
5617:Propaganda and American Democracy
5379:. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002.
5190:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
4992:from the original on 7 April 2022
4877:
4781:Gambrill, Eileen (6 March 2006).
4464:Lomas, Natasha (9 January 2019).
3912:Smithfield, Brad (30 July 2015).
3008:prudentiapolitica (20 May 2014).
2561:(in German). BRILL. p. 242.
2425:Propaganda and American Democracy
2243:
2205:
2098:
1899:The Poodle-Pug-Dachshund-Pinscher
1606:Institute for Propaganda Analysis
208:manipulations." Garth Jowett and
9015:2021 Facebook company files leak
8741:Mobile phones and driving safety
7431:United States Information Agency
6710:Operations and events by country
5358:Combs James E. & Nimmo Dan,
5296:. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1980.
4983:National Endowment for Democracy
4939:
4913:
4900:
4871:
4843:Corelli, Marie (May–June 2002).
4801:
4757:. Oxford University Press, USA.
4744:
4730:. Transaction Publishers. 1949.
4718:
4703:
4668:
4010:
3653:Word And Image In Ancient Greece
3354:Hobbs, Renee (9 November 2014).
3246:Propaganda and Counter-terrorism
3210:Propaganda and Counter-terrorism
2810:Journal of Educational Sociology
2774:. Cengage Learning. p. 48.
2280:Politics and the Press 1780-1850
1923:This section is an excerpt from
1750:
1440:A number of techniques based in
1329:Government Accountability Office
1115:
1106:
999:In the early sixteenth century,
881:
8987:2020 U.S. presidential election
8982:2016 U.S. presidential election
7031:Information war against Ukraine
6578:International Jewish conspiracy
6546:Congo Free State propaganda war
5470:Cornell University Press, 2010.
5324:. Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1963.
5224:Young, Emma (10 October 2001).
4612:
4591:, Australian social scientist,
4577:
4562:
4553:
4534:
4515:
4488:
4457:
4438:
4419:
4400:
4381:
4363:
4332:
4303:
4284:
4271:
4230:
4204:
4169:
4128:
4098:
4072:
4037:
4019:
4004:
3988:
3962:
3942:Zhores A. Medvedev and (2003).
3935:
3905:
3889:
3867:
3858:
3849:
3814:
3779:
3726:
3650:Rutter, Keith (31 March 2020).
3643:
3609:
3557:
3526:
3512:. Fortress Press. p. 199.
3490:
3481:
3388:
3347:
3334:
3308:
3295:
3279:
3270:
3161:
3148:
3113:International Journal of Ethics
3104:
3079:
3059:. 12 April 1999. Archived from
3023:
3001:
2973:
2959:
2941:
2915:
2906:
2880:
2871:
2836:
2801:
2788:
2761:
2727:Archive for Reformation History
2718:
2684:
2650:
2616:
2589:Kunczik, Michael (6 May 2016).
2582:
2548:
2497:
2472:
2441:
2416:
2392:
2349:
2324:
1918:Comparisons with disinformation
1761:needs additional citations for
1600:Propaganda theory and education
1512:Persuasion in social psychology
1414:Industrial Workers of the World
1369:Broadcasting Board of Governors
1250:combined elements of the local
1188:Georgian facial characteristics
1018:Destroy this Mad Brute: Enlist—
892:needs additional citations for
862:Christian counter-cult movement
856:has argued that members of the
728:
490:. In 1942, the propaganda song
438:, as well as the United States
308:Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I
223:In a 1929 literary debate with
125:created in 1622 as part of the
82:and spread it on social media.
8195:Authoritarian leadership style
7758:
7343:
7259:Information Operations Roadmap
7169:Psychological Warfare Division
6739:Chinese information operations
6688:Water fluoridation controversy
5673:. Princeton University Press.
5602:. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock.
5016:"Appendix I: PSYOP Techniques"
4583:"Letter from Noam Chomsky" to
4445:Musil, Steven (9 April 2018).
4407:Briant, Emma (16 April 2018).
4310:Kolchinsky, Alexander (2013).
4011:Snow, Nacny. "US PROPAGANDA".
3823:The American Historical Review
3445:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
3125:10.1086/intejethi.38.3.2378152
2293:
2272:
2184:
2159:
2027:Category:Propaganda by country
1675:First presented in their book
1542:. Social psychologists can be
1229:
975:would avenge Troy. During the
633:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
434:, by Goebbels and the British
389:collapse of morale and revolts
322:, helped by the spread of the
212:theorize that propaganda and
170:
132:Congregatio de Propaganda Fide
13:
1:
9136:Barriers to critical thinking
8558:Betteridge's law of headlines
8100:Social construction of gender
7366:Active Measures Working Group
7024:during the Russo-Georgian War
6991:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
5614:Snow, Nancy (10 March 2014).
5209:. New York: Albert A. Knopf.
5186:Nelson, Richard Alan (1996).
5060:Edwards, John Carver (1991).
4256:10.1080/19331681.2018.1448735
3736:A Companion to the Punic Wars
3733:Hoyos, Dexter (26 May 2015).
3619:Dictionary of World Biography
2768:Diggs-Brown, Barbara (2011).
2697:. Routledge. pp. 10–12.
2454:. Pearson Education. p.
2408:. Liveright: Horace. p.
2192:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
2058:
1394:
1029:
808:Woodcuts (1545) known as the
715:in the United States and the
589:Office of Policy Coordination
264:
9072:Social aspects of television
8972:Social media use in politics
8622:Missing white woman syndrome
8095:Rally 'round the flag effect
7249:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
6926:Fake news in the Philippines
6530:
6298:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
6051:Rally 'round the flag effect
5926:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
5751:Erasmus University Rotterdam
5721:Contemporary British History
5546:(London: John Gifford, 1938)
5474:Hirschberger, Bernd (2021).
5341:. Seven Stories Press, 1997.
5278:Resources in other libraries
5041:Bytwerk, Randall L. (2004).
4291:Quito, Anne (30 June 2017).
3948:. I.B. Tauris. p. 248.
3533:Fisher, Lane (7 July 2022).
3244:Briant, Emma Louise (2015).
3208:Briant, Emma Louise (2015).
2888:"Fono.fi – Äänitetietokanta"
1893:(translated into English as
1568:More recently, studies from
1125:Serbian propaganda from the
832:
560:(1943) about Nazi crimes in
85:
7:
8583:Least objectionable program
8298:Asch conformity experiments
8015:Identification (psychology)
7376:Counter Misinformation Team
7371:Counter disinformation unit
6821:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
6308:Forgery as covert operation
5368:, Culbert, and Welch, eds.
5205:Shirer, William L. (1942).
4279:Propaganda & Persuasion
3788:Political Science Quarterly
3156:Party and Pressure Politics
2980:Nick Romeo (17 June 2014).
2006:Music and political warfare
1966:Central Intelligence Agency
1938:
1741:
1391:achieving political goals.
1307:emotive and loaded language
1274:
694:Poster of the 19th-century
627:, propaganda was used as a
514:Minister of Foreign Affairs
436:Political Warfare Executive
345:French Revolutionary period
32:Propaganda (disambiguation)
10:
9167:
8918:Algorithmic radicalization
8313:Stanford prison experiment
8055:Normative social influence
7386:The Disinformation Project
6816:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
6172:Algorithmic radicalization
5620:. Baton Rouge: LSU Press.
5536:36, no. 2 (1972): 176–187.
5390:De Lange, William (2023).
5353:Encyclopedia of Propaganda
5348:. London: Scarecrow, 1996.
5317:. Brussels: Latomus, 2016.
5085:(March–April 2003): 16–19.
5007:
4928:, May 2017, archived from
4594:"Letter from Noam Chomsky"
4375:Best Masters in Psychology
4135:Hindery, Roderick (2001).
4015:: 97–98 – via JSTOR.
3875:"Pravda za Uroša Predića!"
3705:10.1524/klio.2006.88.2.397
3373:10.23860/jmle-2016-06-02-5
2595:. Routledge. p. 158.
2518:10.1177/000271627139800102
1922:
1398:
872:
596:'s contemporaneous novels
252:
248:
89:
29:
9032:Cultural impact of TikTok
8997:
8903:
8818:
8662:
8550:
8495:
8321:
8290:
8262:Normalization of deviance
8224:
8190:Authoritarian personality
8182:
7942:
7899:
7773:
7766:
7653:
7600:Parsimony (Occam's razor)
7488:
7349:
7338:
7309:
7303:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
7297:
7279:Tobacco industry playbook
7210:CIA Kennedy assassination
7182:
7128:
7102:
7090:
7004:
6951:
6939:
6908:
6896:
6884:
6872:
6860:
6829:
6803:
6791:
6731:
6719:
6715:
6704:
6536:
6525:
6470:
6459:
6343:Manipulation (psychology)
6167:
6161:
6156:
6112:
6107:Links to related articles
5794:
5507:Propaganda and Persuasion
5442:Hamilton, John M. (2020)
5273:Resources in your library
5125:Propaganda and Persuasion
5105:Brave New World Revisited
4787:. John Wiley & Sons.
4569:Lasswell, Harold (1927).
3541:. Truvere. Archived from
3522:– via Google Books.
3506:Edwards, Mark U. (2004).
3455:– via Google Books.
3182:10.1080/14616700220145641
2923:"Calling Mr. Smith – LUX"
2798:(1st edition 1960), p 84.
2333:Propaganda and Persuasion
2170:Oxford English Dictionary
1808:A 1938 propaganda of the
1582:Behavioural Insights Team
1506:
1078:, which may also involve
480:, a filmmaker working in
440:Office of War Information
288:(44–30 BCE) during which
66:became associated with a
9104:Violence and video games
9082:Social impact of YouTube
8962:Knowledge gap hypothesis
8885:Social-desirability bias
8783:Information–action ratio
8272:Preference falsification
7391:East StratCom Task Force
7205:9/11 conspiracy theories
6202:List of cognitive biases
5534:Public Opinion Quarterly
5308:www.historyisaweapon.com
5286:
4855:(4): 228. Archived from
4585:Covert Action Quarterly,
4218:. Techdirt. 15 July 2013
4190:10.1177/1940161214552031
4106:"About Roderick Hindery"
3767:Füssel, 2020 & 10–12
3287:Journal of World History
2212:Edney, Kingsley (2014).
2115:. New York: W.W. Norton.
1932:U.S. Department of State
1635:is a theory advanced by
1437:through indoctrination.
1303:Polish People's Republic
814:Depictions of the Papacy
752:
530:(1942), which ridicules
366:to surrender during the
273:) detailing the rise of
157:Non-English cognates of
139:), or informally simply
9146:Political communication
9057:Mass shooting contagion
8510:Evolutionary psychology
7934:Tyranny of the majority
7317:Public opinion brigades
7274:Niger uranium forgeries
7264:Litter boxes in schools
6634:COVID-19 misinformation
6556:Free energy suppression
6465:Books and documentaries
6239:Euphemistic misspeaking
5856:Cartographic propaganda
5460:4 December 2020 at the
5330:& Herman Edward S.
5294:Bureaucratic Propaganda
3901:excerpt and text search
3469:By Mark U. Edwards, Jr.
2084:Encyclopædia Britannica
1961:Cartographic propaganda
1454:propagandistic messages
1349:strategic communication
740:strategic communication
717:Ministry of Information
544:Know Your Ally: Britain
457:The Battleship Potemkin
9047:Fascination with death
8910:Political polarization
8838:Availability heuristic
8803:Television consumption
8237:Communal reinforcement
7990:False consensus effect
7063:2016 Brexit referendum
6412:Scientific fabrication
6323:Historical negationism
6041:Propaganda of the deed
6011:New generation warfare
5961:Historical negationism
5799:Accusation in a mirror
5754:
5660:Channels of Propaganda
5595:. Hampton Press, 2001.
5556:Nelson, Richard Alan.
5384:The Future of Religion
5375:Cunningham Stanley B.
5165:Linebarger, Paul M. A.
4972:Jackson, Dean (2018),
3591:"Religious propaganda"
3471:Fortress Press, 2004.
3410:Zeman, Zbynek (1978).
3289:31.1 (2020): 165-193.
2739:10.14315/arg-1975-jg07
2657:Silver, Larry (2008).
2479:Borgies, LoĂŻc (2016).
2250:Lin, Chunfeng (2023).
1895:The Poisonous Mushroom
1820:
1702:that shares the basic
1673:
1655:) creates an inherent
1578:Obama Campaign in 2008
1576:which was used by the
1538:includes the study of
1531:
1417:
1310:
1301:in the then-communist
1224:
1182:
1167:
1047:
1035:
952:
829:
762:
699:
562:German-occupied Europe
372:
191:
105:
46:
9010:Criticism of Facebook
8890:Social influence bias
8778:Information pollution
8768:Information explosion
8751:Texting while driving
8707:Low information voter
8605:Pink-slime journalism
8341:Anti-social behaviour
8336:Anti-authoritarianism
8075:Pluralistic ignorance
7922:National conservatism
7917:Left-wing nationalism
7900:Governmental pressure
7655:Theories of deduction
7359:Fact-checking website
7164:Operation Mass Appeal
7146:Clockwork Orange plot
6656:Mental illness denial
6551:Climate change denial
6368:Psychological warfare
6338:Internet manipulation
6303:Firehose of falsehood
6229:Disinformation attack
6036:Psychological warfare
6001:Monumental propaganda
5951:Glittering generality
5931:Firehose of falsehood
5788:Propaganda techniques
5748:
5591:Shanahan, James, ed.
5484:: transcript Verlag.
5169:Psychological Warfare
5066:. New York: Praeger.
4710:Hobbs, Renee (2020).
4339:Friedman, Herbert A.
3395:Hobbs, Renee (2020).
3340:Richard Alan Nelson,
3091:collinsdictionary.com
2224:10.1057/9781137382153
2021:Psychological warfare
1976:Firehose of falsehood
1862:targeted German youth
1807:
1661:
1619:The Hidden Persuaders
1519:
1493:psychological warfare
1408:
1401:Propaganda techniques
1399:Further information:
1282:
1265:propaganda techniques
1211:
1173:
1158:
1076:psychological warfare
1044:Loose Lips Sink Ships
1041:
1016:
938:
839:Roman Catholic Church
807:
760:
693:
353:
255:History of propaganda
178:
40:
9027:Criticism of Netflix
8833:Availability cascade
8773:Information overload
8682:Attention management
8677:Attention inequality
8573:Human-interest story
8515:Behavioral modernity
8500:Cognitive psychology
8303:Breaching experiment
8090:Operant conditioning
8035:Mere exposure effect
6498:Who's Who in the CIA
5876:Demonizing the enemy
5671:How Propaganda Works
5658:Sproule J. Michael,
5515:Lohrey, Andrew, ed.
5108:. New York: Harper.
5090:Howe, Ellic (1982).
4689:10.58680/ce201930223
4325:10.5195/cbp.2013.184
4046:Journal of Marketing
3687:Stepper, R. (2006).
3595:Encyclopedia.uia.org
3418:. Orbis Publishing.
3305:, 2016, pp. 202–204.
3010:"Prudentia Politica"
2483:. Éditions Latomus.
2361:Leach, Henry Goddard
2357:Martin, Everett Dean
2078:(17 February 2016).
1770:improve this article
1732:cognitive dissonance
1710:in other countries.
1669:corporate propaganda
1667:, and the growth of
1657:conflict of interest
1442:social psychological
1097:cognitive dissonance
1084:Bay of Pigs Invasion
901:improve this article
605:Nineteen Eighty-Four
504:, making fun of the
418:was produced by the
261:Behistun Inscription
18:Political propaganda
8940:Post-truth politics
8870:Mean world syndrome
8183:Individual pressure
8060:Passing (sociology)
7995:Fear of missing out
7960:Closure (sociology)
7874:Enemy of the people
7482:Philosophical logic
7200:Conspiracy theories
7141:Double-Cross System
7110:Conspiracy theories
6971:Operation INFEKTION
6759:Internet Water Army
6613:Strategy of tension
6478:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
6363:Post-truth politics
6066:Shooting and crying
5896:Emotive conjugation
5871:Cult of personality
5821:Atrocity propaganda
5696:Essays and articles
5408:DelHagen, Jacob M.
5366:Cull, Nicholas John
5238:on 13 February 2002
4859:on 21 February 2021
3895:Karel C. Berkhoff,
3301:Daniel J Schwindt,
2845:The English Journal
2558:Krieg in den Medien
2313:. Knopf, New York.
1586:Cambridge Analytica
1501:Cambridge Analytica
1424:, books, leaflets,
843:Protestant churches
487:Triumph of the Will
399:in 1918 (see also:
329:American Revolution
229:Everett Dean Martin
127:Counter-Reformation
8758:Influence-for-hire
8736:Media multitasking
8731:Human multitasking
8649:Tabloid television
8600:Media manipulation
8351:Civil disobedience
8308:Milgram experiment
8247:Creeping normality
8149:Social integration
8085:Psychosocial issue
8025:Invented tradition
7879:Enemy of the state
7546:Unity of opposites
7096:HIV/AIDS denialism
7073:Trolls from Olgino
6847:Paid news in India
6837:Fake news in India
6651:HIV/AIDS denialism
6505:Merchants of Doubt
6378:Military deception
6353:Media manipulation
6192:Circular reporting
6026:Oversimplification
6006:Moralistic fallacy
5755:
5638:(4 January 2011).
5584:Rutherford, Paul,
5577:Rutherford, Paul,
5553:2 (1979): 181–197.
5449:Hale, Oron James.
5351:Cole, Robert, ed.
4961:on 3 February 2019
4351:on 7 February 2020
4145:Edwin Mellen Press
4141:Lewiston, New York
4116:on 2 December 2020
3945:The Unknown Stalin
3571:on 7 February 2006
3344:(1996) pp. 232–233
3170:Journalism Studies
2949:"Calling Mr Smith"
1821:
1704:political economic
1617:in his 1957 book,
1570:behavioral science
1532:
1418:
1388:2016 U.S. election
1384:automated messages
1316:public information
1311:
1201:Article 20 of the
1183:
1168:
1090:planes painted in
1048:
1036:
953:
858:anti-cult movement
830:
820:, commissioned by
763:
700:
663:Public perceptions
631:by governments of
553:Stage Door Canteen
527:Der Fuehrer's Face
518:Vyacheslav Molotov
508:'s failure in the
448:October Revolution
373:
358:circulated by the
356:General Mannerheim
210:Victoria O'Donnell
192:
47:
9118:
9117:
9112:
9111:
8935:Fake news website
8895:Spiral of silence
8848:Confirmation bias
8672:Attention economy
8654:Yellow journalism
8542:Social psychology
8451:
8450:
8331:Alternative media
8220:
8219:
8159:Spiral of silence
8030:Memory conformity
7970:Consensus reality
7863:Persona non grata
7784:Damnatio memoriae
7726:
7725:
7578:List of fallacies
7563:Explanatory power
7490:Critical thinking
7448:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7334:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7284:Operation Shocker
7086:
7085:
6966:K-1000 battleship
6797:Operation Neptune
6700:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6521:
6520:
6455:
6454:
6447:Yellow journalism
6395:counterpropaganda
6276:List of fallacies
6209:Conspiracy theory
6177:Alternative facts
6099:
6098:
5991:Managing the news
5816:Appeal to emotion
5746:
5651:978-1-60980-082-6
5627:978-0-8071-5415-1
5598:Shaw Jeffrey M.,
5563:Oddo, J. (2018).
5491:978-3-8394-5509-8
5259:Library resources
5216:978-5-9524-0081-8
5197:978-0-313-29261-3
5178:978-0-405-04755-8
5156:978-0-14-004531-4
5149:. Penguin Books.
5134:978-1-4129-0897-9
5115:978-0-06-080984-3
5094:. London: Futura.
5073:978-0-275-93905-2
5052:978-0-87013-710-5
4906:Hirsch, Herbert.
4794:978-0-471-78112-7
4764:978-0-19-532500-3
4737:978-1-4128-1615-1
4212:"Smith-Mundt Act"
4091:978-1-55002-505-7
3746:978-1-119-02550-4
3663:978-0-7486-7985-0
3629:978-1-57958-040-7
3477:978-0-8006-3735-4
3425:978-0-85613-312-1
3039:Mon-Khmer Studies
2781:978-0-534-63706-4
2704:978-1-351-93187-8
2670:978-0-691-13019-4
2636:978-0-931537-15-8
2602:978-1-136-68902-4
2568:978-94-012-0230-5
2490:978-90-429-3459-7
2465:978-0-205-69187-6
2434:978-0-8071-5416-8
2400:Bernays L, Edward
2319:978-0-394-71874-3
2278:Arthur Aspinall,
2233:978-1-349-47990-0
2152:978-0-534-63706-4
2052:Spin (propaganda)
2016:Political warfare
1802:
1801:
1794:
1653:access to sources
1611:suggestion theory
1563:William W. Biddle
1536:social psychology
1487:and the academic
1481:Carole Cadwalladr
1446:logical fallacies
1412:propaganda (1911
1176:Winston Churchill
1174:Poster depicting
957:Peloponnesian War
949:Revolutionary War
933:
932:
925:
854:Jeffrey K. Hadden
769:, and avoiding a
747:League of Nations
629:military strategy
558:Calling Mr. Smith
393:German home front
368:Finnish Civil War
333:American colonies
201:suggestion theory
16:(Redirected from
9158:
8957:Knowledge divide
8853:Crowd psychology
8843:Bandwagon effect
8615:Public relations
8532:Media psychology
8478:
8471:
8464:
8455:
8454:
8376:Devil's advocate
8346:Auto-segregation
8242:Countersignaling
8169:Toxic positivity
8144:Social influence
8105:Social contagion
7950:Bandwagon effect
7907:Authoritarianism
7771:
7770:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7730:
7729:
7708:Platonic realism
7475:
7468:
7461:
7452:
7451:
7340:
7339:
7159:MMR autism fraud
7042:On US elections
6976:Operation Toucan
6949:
6948:
6717:
6716:
6706:
6705:
6671:anti-vaccination
6619:
6618:
6566:Holocaust denial
6541:Bermuda Triangle
6527:
6526:
6461:
6460:
6390:black propaganda
6358:Potemkin village
6283:False accusation
6259:list of websites
6158:
6157:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6116:
6115:
6103:
6102:
6091:White propaganda
6046:Public relations
6021:Overcomplication
5906:False accusation
5841:Black propaganda
5831:Beautiful people
5826:Bandwagon effect
5781:
5774:
5767:
5758:
5757:
5747:
5684:
5655:
5631:
5540:Mackenzie, A. J.
5502:
5500:
5498:
5423:Dimitri Kitsikis
5405:
5401:978-94-92722-393
5310:: "Propaganda.")
5247:
5245:
5243:
5234:. Archived from
5220:
5201:
5182:
5160:
5138:
5119:
5095:
5086:
5077:
5056:
5037:
5031:
5023:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4991:
4980:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4953:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4935:on 30 March 2019
4934:
4927:
4917:
4911:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4849:Social Education
4840:
4834:
4833:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4596:. Archived from
4581:
4575:
4574:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4509:10.1037/h0074944
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4347:. Archived from
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4288:
4282:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4258:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4112:. Archived from
4102:
4096:
4095:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4008:
4002:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3976:. United Nations
3966:
3960:
3959:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3925:
3918:The Vintage News
3909:
3903:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3684:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3567:. Archived from
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3479:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3417:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3375:
3351:
3345:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3312:
3306:
3299:
3293:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3205:
3194:
3193:
3165:
3159:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2929:on 25 April 2018
2925:. Archived from
2919:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2369:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2328:
2322:
2297:
2291:
2288:978-0-2-08012401
2276:
2270:
2269:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2167:"propaganda, n."
2163:
2157:
2156:
2143:Cengage Learning
2132:
2117:
2116:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2072:
2037:Public diplomacy
2032:Propaganda model
1868:, the editor of
1866:Julius Streicher
1797:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1754:
1746:
1683:propaganda model
1637:Edward S. Herman
1633:propaganda model
1556:cognitive misers
1552:Herbert A. Simon
1337:counterterrorism
1256:classical Arabic
1248:Hassan Nasrallah
1240:2006 Lebanon War
1236:public relations
1222:
1189:
1180:British Bulldog"
1162:arm-in-arm with
1119:
1110:
1034:
1031:
994:Q.Fabius Maximus
928:
921:
917:
914:
908:
885:
877:
852:The sociologist
791:Black propaganda
669:public relations
610:Cuban Revolution
548:Our Greek Allies
502:Continuation War
478:Leni Riefenstahl
474:Second World War
401:DolchstoĂźlegende
381:Erich Ludendorff
286:Roman civil wars
269:
266:
108:
21:
9166:
9165:
9161:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9156:
9155:
9121:
9120:
9119:
9114:
9113:
9108:
8993:
8908:
8899:
8875:Negativity bias
8823:
8814:
8702:Cognitive miser
8658:
8551:Media practices
8546:
8491:
8482:
8452:
8447:
8418:Insubordination
8366:Culture jamming
8356:Cosmopolitanism
8317:
8286:
8257:Internalization
8216:
8178:
7938:
7929:Totalitarianism
7895:
7762:
7757:
7727:
7722:
7693:Logical atomism
7649:
7542:Socratic method
7493:
7484:
7479:
7449:
7440:
7345:
7326:
7305:
7293:
7178:
7174:Zinoviev letter
7124:
7098:
7082:
7006:Post-Soviet era
7000:
6961:Active Measures
6944:
6935:
6904:
6892:
6880:
6868:
6856:
6825:
6799:
6787:
6727:
6725:Jihadunspun.com
6711:
6692:
6617:
6593:New World Order
6561:Genocide denial
6532:
6517:
6466:
6451:
6373:Memetic warfare
6163:
6152:
6143:
6108:
6100:
6095:
5981:Loaded language
5790:
5785:
5734:
5698:
5681:
5652:
5628:
5544:Propaganda Boom
5496:
5494:
5492:
5466:Hench, John B.
5462:Wayback Machine
5402:
5337:Chomsky, Noam.
5313:Borgies, LoĂŻc.
5300:Bernays, Edward
5289:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5255:
5253:Further reading
5250:
5241:
5239:
5217:
5198:
5179:
5157:
5143:Le Bon, Gustave
5135:
5116:
5074:
5053:
5025:
5024:
5014:
5010:
5005:
5004:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4978:
4970:
4966:
4958:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4932:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4905:
4901:
4891:
4889:
4876:
4872:
4862:
4860:
4841:
4837:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4749:
4745:
4738:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4708:
4704:
4677:College English
4673:
4669:
4654:
4638:
4634:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4600:on 10 July 2012
4592:
4582:
4578:
4573:. M.I.T. Press.
4567:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4539:
4535:
4528:The Independent
4520:
4516:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4477:
4462:
4458:
4443:
4439:
4424:
4420:
4405:
4401:
4386:
4382:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4354:
4352:
4337:
4333:
4308:
4304:
4289:
4285:
4276:
4272:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4174:
4170:
4155:
4133:
4129:
4119:
4117:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4058:10.2307/1247829
4042:
4038:
4024:
4020:
4009:
4005:
3999:Nuremberg Diary
3995:Gustave Gilbert
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3956:
3940:
3936:
3923:
3921:
3910:
3906:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3835:10.2307/1868905
3819:
3815:
3800:10.2307/2150639
3784:
3780:
3770:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3685:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3545:on 5 April 2023
3531:
3527:
3520:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3414:Selling the War
3408:
3404:
3397:Mind Over Media
3393:
3389:
3352:
3348:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3313:
3309:
3300:
3296:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3256:
3242:
3235:
3220:
3206:
3197:
3166:
3162:
3153:
3149:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3066:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3034:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2978:
2974:
2969:. 21 June 2015.
2965:
2964:
2960:
2953:Centre Pompidou
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2841:
2837:
2822:10.2307/2262307
2806:
2802:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2766:
2762:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2553:
2549:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2421:
2417:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2367:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2329:
2325:
2298:
2294:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2133:
2120:
2106:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2076:Smith, Bruce L.
2073:
2066:
2061:
2056:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1850:
1798:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1767:
1755:
1744:
1727:Self-propaganda
1724:
1722:Self-propaganda
1716:Mind Over Media
1665:corporate power
1645:systemic biases
1602:
1530:, Germany, 1935
1514:
1509:
1410:Anti-capitalist
1403:
1397:
1376:Software agents
1365:Smith-Mundt Act
1283:Propaganda and
1277:
1232:
1223:
1218:
1192:Zhores Medvedev
1187:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1092:Cuban Air Force
1032:
967:. For example,
945:Boston Massacre
929:
918:
912:
909:
898:
886:
875:
835:
816:in English, by
810:Papstspotbilder
795:black operation
755:
731:
713:Creel Committee
709:Harold Lasswell
665:
472:states and the
424:Joseph Goebbels
377:First World War
312:build his image
267:
257:
251:
205:Harold Lasswell
196:Arthur Aspinall
180:Nazi Propaganda
173:
123:Catholic Church
94:
92:Propaganda Fide
88:
57:loaded language
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9164:
9154:
9153:
9151:Public opinion
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9116:
9115:
9110:
9109:
9107:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9095:
9094:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9023:
9022:
9017:
9007:
9001:
8999:
8998:Related topics
8995:
8994:
8992:
8991:
8990:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8948:
8947:
8942:
8932:
8927:
8926:
8925:
8914:
8912:
8905:Digital divide
8901:
8900:
8898:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8866:
8865:
8860:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8829:
8827:
8820:Cognitive bias
8816:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8810:Sticky content
8807:
8806:
8805:
8800:
8798:Binge-watching
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8754:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8728:
8723:
8722:
8721:
8714:Digital zombie
8711:
8710:
8709:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8687:Attention span
8684:
8679:
8674:
8668:
8666:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8640:
8639:
8632:Sensationalism
8629:
8624:
8619:
8618:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8597:
8592:
8591:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8578:Junk food news
8575:
8565:
8560:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8528:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8507:
8502:
8496:
8493:
8492:
8481:
8480:
8473:
8466:
8458:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8389:
8388:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8361:Counterculture
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8327:
8325:
8323:Anticonformity
8319:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8294:
8292:
8288:
8287:
8285:
8284:
8282:Social reality
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8228:
8226:
8222:
8221:
8218:
8217:
8215:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8203:
8202:
8197:
8186:
8184:
8180:
8179:
8177:
8176:
8174:Untouchability
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8112:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8040:Milieu control
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8020:Indoctrination
8017:
8012:
8010:Herd mentality
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7946:
7944:
7943:Group pressure
7940:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7919:
7909:
7903:
7901:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7882:
7881:
7876:
7866:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7850:
7840:
7835:
7834:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7821:Cancel culture
7818:
7808:
7801:
7796:
7787:
7779:
7777:
7768:
7764:
7763:
7756:
7755:
7748:
7741:
7733:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7663:Constructivism
7659:
7657:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7549:
7548:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7499:
7497:
7495:informal logic
7486:
7485:
7478:
7477:
7470:
7463:
7455:
7446:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7336:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7324:
7319:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7306:
7301:
7299:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7254:Habbush letter
7251:
7246:
7241:
7240:
7239:
7229:
7224:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7197:
7192:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7136:Bell Pottinger
7132:
7130:
7129:United Kingdom
7126:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7106:
7104:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7092:
7088:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7010:
7008:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6946:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6898:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6886:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6800:
6795:
6793:
6792:Czechoslovakia
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6778:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6764:PLA Unit 61398
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6721:
6713:
6712:
6702:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6639:by governments
6631:
6625:
6623:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6523:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6508:
6501:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6476:Disinformation
6471:
6468:
6467:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6382:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6197:Cognitive bias
6194:
6189:
6187:Cherry picking
6184:
6179:
6174:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6154:
6153:
6150:misinformation
6146:Disinformation
6142:
6141:
6134:
6127:
6119:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5971:Indoctrination
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5881:Disinformation
5878:
5873:
5868:
5866:Cherry picking
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5811:Appeal to fear
5808:
5801:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5784:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5761:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5716:
5713:Brown, John H.
5710:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5685:
5680:978-0691173429
5679:
5667:Stanley, Jason
5663:
5656:
5650:
5632:
5626:
5611:
5608:978-1625640581
5596:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5547:
5537:
5530:
5523:Marlin, Randal
5520:
5513:
5510:
5503:
5490:
5471:
5464:
5447:
5440:
5433:Ellul, Jacques
5430:
5420:
5406:
5400:
5394:. Toyo Press.
5387:
5380:
5373:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5344:Cole, Robert.
5342:
5335:
5325:
5320:Brown, J.A.C.
5318:
5311:
5297:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5268:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5221:
5215:
5202:
5196:
5183:
5177:
5161:
5155:
5139:
5133:
5120:
5114:
5100:Huxley, Aldous
5096:
5087:
5078:
5072:
5057:
5051:
5038:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4964:
4938:
4912:
4899:
4886:Nizkor Project
4870:
4835:
4800:
4793:
4770:
4763:
4743:
4736:
4717:
4714:. W.W. Norton.
4702:
4683:(6): 508–541.
4667:
4652:
4632:
4611:
4576:
4561:
4552:
4533:
4514:
4503:(3): 283–295.
4487:
4456:
4437:
4418:
4399:
4380:
4362:
4331:
4302:
4283:
4281:(5th ed. 2011)
4270:
4229:
4203:
4184:(2): 145–165.
4168:
4153:
4127:
4097:
4090:
4071:
4052:(2): 131–132.
4036:
4018:
4003:
3987:
3961:
3954:
3934:
3920:. Timera Media
3904:
3888:
3877:. e-novine.com
3866:
3857:
3848:
3813:
3778:
3759:
3745:
3725:
3699:(2): 397–407.
3676:
3662:
3642:
3628:
3608:
3582:
3556:
3525:
3518:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3458:
3451:
3431:
3424:
3402:
3387:
3346:
3333:
3307:
3294:
3278:
3269:
3254:
3233:
3218:
3195:
3176:(3): 437–441.
3160:
3147:
3119:(3): 258–268.
3103:
3078:
3063:on 4 June 2013
3048:
3022:
3000:
2972:
2958:
2940:
2914:
2905:
2879:
2870:
2857:10.2307/806063
2851:(3): 217–221.
2835:
2816:(3): 148–163.
2800:
2787:
2780:
2760:
2717:
2703:
2683:
2669:
2649:
2635:
2615:
2601:
2581:
2567:
2547:
2496:
2489:
2471:
2464:
2440:
2433:
2415:
2391:
2359:(March 1929).
2348:
2342:978-1412977821
2341:
2323:
2292:
2271:
2264:
2242:
2232:
2204:
2183:
2158:
2151:
2118:
2097:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2047:Smear campaign
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2001:Misinformation
1998:
1993:
1991:Internet troll
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1849:
1846:
1838:indoctrination
1826:Albert Bandura
1816:GetĂşlio Vargas
1800:
1799:
1758:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1736:self deception
1723:
1720:
1699:anti-communism
1601:
1598:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1485:whistleblowers
1435:opinion leader
1396:
1393:
1360:Public Affairs
1355:, resisted by
1276:
1273:
1231:
1228:
1220:Hermann Göring
1216:
1145:disinformation
1124:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1026:Harry R. Hopps
983:and the Greek
931:
930:
889:
887:
880:
874:
871:
845:or during the
834:
831:
754:
751:
730:
727:
664:
661:
324:printing press
316:neue zeitungen
253:Main article:
250:
247:
225:Edward Bernays
172:
169:
90:Main article:
87:
84:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9163:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9128:
9126:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9093:
9090:
9089:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9005:Computer rage
9003:
9002:
9000:
8996:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8977:United States
8975:
8974:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8952:Filter bubble
8950:
8946:
8945:United States
8943:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8924:
8921:
8920:
8919:
8916:
8915:
8913:
8911:
8906:
8902:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8880:Peer pressure
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8855:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8826:
8821:
8817:
8811:
8808:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8795:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8733:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8726:Doomscrolling
8724:
8720:
8717:
8716:
8715:
8712:
8708:
8705:
8704:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8669:
8667:
8665:
8661:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8638:
8635:
8634:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8602:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8553:
8549:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8537:Media studies
8535:
8533:
8530:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8494:
8490:
8489:human factors
8486:
8479:
8474:
8472:
8467:
8465:
8460:
8459:
8456:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8413:Individualism
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8387:
8384:
8383:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8289:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8252:Herd behavior
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8223:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8207:Control freak
8205:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8191:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8181:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8154:Socialization
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8138:
8135:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8070:Peer pressure
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8050:Normalization
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7975:Culture shock
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7864:
7860:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7845:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7832:
7831:Deplatforming
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7806:
7802:
7800:
7797:
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7754:
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7731:
7719:
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7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
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7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
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7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
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7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
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7583:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7574:
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7559:
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7554:
7551:
7547:
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7539:
7536:
7535:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7476:
7471:
7469:
7464:
7462:
7457:
7456:
7453:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7396:FactCheck.org
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7360:
7357:
7356:
7355:
7354:Fact-checking
7352:
7351:
7348:
7341:
7337:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7308:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7183:United States
7181:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7127:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7032:
7029:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7007:
7003:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6947:
6942:
6938:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6828:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6784:
6783:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6744:50 Cent Party
6742:
6741:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6707:
6703:
6689:
6686:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
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6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
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6542:
6539:
6538:
6535:
6528:
6524:
6514:
6513:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6486:
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6479:
6477:
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6448:
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6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
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6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
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6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6348:Media culture
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6288:False dilemma
6286:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6207:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6140:
6135:
6133:
6128:
6126:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6111:
6104:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5916:False dilemma
5914:
5912:
5911:False balance
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5782:
5777:
5775:
5770:
5768:
5763:
5762:
5759:
5752:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
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5653:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5504:
5493:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5418:9780998315607
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5328:Chomsky, Noam
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5231:New Scientist
5227:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
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4878:Mills, Mary.
4874:
4858:
4854:
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4839:
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4823:
4819:
4816:: 1018–1026.
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2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1926:
1915:
1912:
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1896:
1892:
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1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:socialization
1831:
1830:Dorothea Ross
1827:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1796:
1793:
1785:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1759:This section
1757:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1643:which argues
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1615:Vance Packard
1612:
1607:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1561:According to
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:psychologists
1545:
1541:
1537:
1534:The field of
1529:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1353:US Government
1350:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1289:news programs
1286:
1281:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
969:Helen of Troy
966:
962:
958:
950:
946:
943:portrays the
942:
937:
927:
924:
916:
906:
902:
896:
895:
890:This section
888:
884:
879:
878:
870:
866:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
827:
826:Pope Paul III
823:
822:Martin Luther
819:
818:Lucas Cranach
815:
811:
806:
802:
798:
796:
792:
788:
783:
779:
777:
772:
768:
759:
750:
748:
743:
741:
736:
726:
723:
718:
714:
710:
705:
697:
692:
688:
686:
685:Southern Cone
682:
677:
674:
670:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:Yugoslav wars
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
606:
601:
600:
595:
594:George Orwell
590:
586:
582:
579:. Both sides
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:
523:
520:. In the US,
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:
493:Niet Molotoff
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:
453:
450:of 1917, the
449:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
408:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:
276:
272:
262:
256:
246:
244:
240:
237:
236:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
206:
202:
197:
189:
185:
181:
177:
168:
166:
165:
160:
155:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
133:
129:, called the
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
102:
98:
93:
83:
81:
75:
73:
69:
65:
60:
58:
53:
49:
44:
39:
33:
19:
9099:Technophobia
9087:Technophilia
8930:Echo chamber
8788:Rage farming
8609:
8568:Infotainment
8423:Pueblo clown
8408:Idiosyncrasy
8393:Eccentricity
8277:Social proof
8079:
7985:Echo chamber
7965:Collectivism
7955:Brainwashing
7886:Scapegoating
7869:Public enemy
7861:
7852:
7816:Blacklisting
7803:
7782:
7775:Proscription
7688:Intuitionism
7673:Fictionalism
7609:
7156:
7091:South Africa
7078:Web brigades
7014:Cyberwarfare
6996:Useful idiot
6945:Soviet Union
6890:Fintas Group
6782:Global Times
6780:
6749:cyberwarfare
6510:
6503:
6496:
6489:
6483:
6475:
6442:Whataboutism
6437:Urban legend
6407:Quote mining
6384:
6086:Whataboutism
6056:Scapegoating
6016:Obscurantism
5996:Minimisation
5901:Exaggeration
5803:
5719:
5706:
5688:
5670:
5659:
5640:
5616:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5533:
5526:
5516:
5506:
5495:. Retrieved
5476:
5467:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5426:
5409:
5391:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5303:
5293:
5263:
5240:. Retrieved
5236:the original
5229:
5206:
5187:
5168:
5146:
5124:
5104:
5091:
5082:
5062:
5042:
5019:
4994:, retrieved
4974:
4967:
4956:the original
4947:
4941:
4930:the original
4921:
4915:
4907:
4902:
4890:. Retrieved
4883:
4873:
4861:. Retrieved
4857:the original
4852:
4848:
4838:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4783:
4753:
4746:
4726:
4720:
4711:
4705:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4642:
4635:
4623:. Retrieved
4614:
4602:. Retrieved
4598:the original
4584:
4579:
4570:
4564:
4555:
4547:The Guardian
4546:
4536:
4527:
4517:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4478:. Retrieved
4469:
4459:
4450:
4440:
4431:
4421:
4412:
4402:
4394:The Guardian
4393:
4383:
4374:
4365:
4353:. Retrieved
4349:the original
4344:
4334:
4315:
4305:
4296:
4286:
4278:
4273:
4249:(2): 81–93.
4246:
4242:
4232:
4220:. Retrieved
4215:
4206:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4136:
4130:
4118:. Retrieved
4114:the original
4109:
4100:
4080:
4074:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4030:
4027:Khatib, Lina
4021:
4012:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3978:. Retrieved
3973:
3964:
3944:
3937:
3929:
3922:. Retrieved
3917:
3907:
3896:
3891:
3879:. Retrieved
3869:
3860:
3851:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3762:
3750:. Retrieved
3735:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3696:
3692:
3667:. Retrieved
3652:
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3618:
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3594:
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3569:the original
3559:
3549:13 September
3547:. Retrieved
3543:the original
3538:
3528:
3508:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3466:
3461:
3441:
3434:
3413:
3405:
3396:
3390:
3366:(2): 56–67.
3363:
3359:
3349:
3341:
3336:
3324:. Retrieved
3320:
3310:
3297:
3286:
3281:
3272:
3264:j.ctt18mvn1n
3245:
3228:j.ctt18mvn1n
3209:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3090:
3081:
3072:
3065:. Retrieved
3061:the original
3051:
3042:
3038:
3025:
3013:. Retrieved
3003:
2991:. Retrieved
2987:The Atlantic
2985:
2975:
2961:
2952:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2927:the original
2917:
2908:
2896:. Retrieved
2894:(in Finnish)
2891:
2882:
2873:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2770:
2763:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2693:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2659:
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2625:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2591:
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2557:
2550:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2480:
2474:
2450:
2443:
2424:
2418:
2404:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2377:
2371:
2351:
2332:
2326:
2310:
2300:
2295:
2279:
2274:
2251:
2245:
2237:
2214:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2169:
2161:
2137:
2112:
2109:Hobbs, Renee
2088:. Retrieved
2080:"Propaganda"
2023:(aka Psyops)
1996:Mind control
1956:Brainwashing
1911:Der Giftpilz
1910:
1906:
1903:Trust No Fox
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:Der Giftpilz
1888:
1882:
1880:
1869:
1858:anti-Semitic
1854:Nazi Germany
1851:
1842:Hitler Youth
1822:
1809:
1788:
1782:January 2009
1779:
1768:Please help
1763:verification
1760:
1725:
1712:
1681:(1988), the
1676:
1674:
1662:
1641:Noam Chomsky
1630:
1622:
1618:
1603:
1594:
1590:Donald Trump
1574:nudge theory
1567:
1560:
1544:sociologists
1533:
1521:
1499:by the firm
1497:Donald Trump
1478:
1469:Nazi Germany
1458:
1453:
1450:
1439:
1430:indoctrinate
1422:junk science
1419:
1373:
1341:
1333:
1312:
1292:
1285:manipulation
1270:
1261:
1233:
1225:
1212:
1200:
1196:Roy Medvedev
1184:
1149:double-check
1142:
1137:(alongside).
1130:
1073:
1066:
1049:
1017:
1009:
1001:Maximilian I
998:
954:
919:
910:
899:Please help
894:verification
891:
867:
851:
836:
813:
809:
799:
787:Zbyněk Zeman
784:
780:
764:
744:
732:
729:Contestation
703:
702:In English,
701:
696:Scandinavist
666:
622:
614:Fidel Castro
603:
597:
573:Soviet Union
566:
557:
551:
547:
543:
525:
496:was made in
491:
485:
482:Nazi Germany
470:totalitarian
455:
444:
428:World War II
416:Nazi Germany
411:Robert Ensor
404:
385:Adolf Hitler
374:
315:
306:
302:Genghis Khan
297:
258:
241:
233:
222:
193:
188:anti-semitic
162:
158:
156:
147:
145:
140:
136:
130:
119:congregation
114:
110:
96:
95:
76:
68:manipulative
63:
61:
51:
50:
48:
43:World War II
8863:Moral panic
8793:Screen time
8627:News values
8563:Gatekeeping
8505:Externality
8443:Shock value
8398:Eclecticism
8291:Experiments
7912:Nationalism
7848:Civil death
7767:Enforcement
7668:Dialetheism
7558:Explanation
7528:Credibility
7289:Yellow rain
6909:Philippines
6769:Spamouflage
6754:Little Pink
6608:Rothschilds
6598:Red mercury
6313:Gaslighting
6264:Lying press
6234:Doublespeak
6081:Weasel word
6031:Plain folks
5946:Gish gallop
5936:Flag-waving
5891:Doublespeak
5886:Dog whistle
5846:Blood libel
5636:Snow, Nancy
4892:22 February
4863:22 February
4662:j.ctv7h0ts6
3980:2 September
3145:pp. 260–261
3074:propaganda.
3067:21 December
2993:28 February
2892:www.fono.fi
2384:22 February
2311:Propagandes
2042:Sharp power
1871:Der StĂĽrmer
1811:Estado Novo
1523:Der StĂĽrmer
1489:Emma Briant
1461:North Korea
1230:Advertising
1135:Uroš Predić
1127:Bosnian War
1033: 1917
941:Paul Revere
776:ideological
735:Emma Briant
623:During the
618:Vietnam War
599:Animal Farm
585:Third World
540:Axis Powers
500:during the
466:Sudetenland
362:urging the
320:Reformation
298:uituperatio
294:Mark Antony
171:Definitions
80:biased news
9131:Propaganda
9125:Categories
9077:Social bot
9067:Sealioning
8825:Conformity
8610:Propaganda
8595:Media bias
8588:Soft media
8232:Compliance
8225:Conformity
8125:Hysterical
8115:Behavioral
8080:Propaganda
8065:Patriotism
8000:Groupthink
7826:Censorship
7805:Homo sacer
7760:Conformity
7713:Pragmatism
7703:Nominalism
7610:Propaganda
7585:Hypothesis
7538:Antithesis
7416:PolitiFact
7344:Opposition
7220:Sandy Hook
7019:on Estonia
6953:Soviet era
6866:Team Jorge
6842:Godi-media
6603:Reptilians
6573:Illuminati
6432:Truthiness
6422:Social bot
6385:Propaganda
6318:Half-truth
6293:False flag
5956:Half-truth
5861:Censorship
5805:Ad hominem
5497:11 October
5304:Propaganda
5264:Propaganda
4589:Alex Carey
4480:24 October
4470:TechCrunch
4345:PsyWar.Org
4120:4 December
3829:(4): 876.
3794:(4): 715.
3752:7 February
3718:7 February
3669:7 February
3635:7 February
3601:9 November
3575:4 December
2933:30 January
2733:: 93–102.
2710:7 February
2676:7 February
2642:7 February
2608:7 February
2574:7 February
2405:Propaganda
2059:References
1986:Incitement
1981:Hate media
1708:media bias
1540:persuasion
1483:, several
1395:Techniques
1299:capitalism
1207:incitement
1080:false flag
1052:dehumanize
977:Punic Wars
913:April 2021
767:persuasion
704:propaganda
681:Portuguese
657:war crimes
510:Winter War
460:glorifies
406:Mein Kampf
268: 515
235:Propaganda
218:soft power
214:persuasion
194:Historian
182:poster of
159:propaganda
148:propaganda
141:Propaganda
111:propaganda
97:Propaganda
72:ideologies
64:propaganda
52:Propaganda
9141:Deception
8763:Infodemic
8697:Clickbait
8664:Attention
8520:Cognition
8428:Rebellion
8386:Political
8267:Obedience
8137:Emotional
8110:Addiction
7854:Vogelfrei
7811:Ostracism
7794:Dissenter
7790:Dissident
7683:Formalism
7645:Vagueness
7625:Relevance
7620:Reasoning
7533:Dialectic
7508:Ambiguity
7411:NewsGuard
7406:Logically
7401:Full Fact
7298:Venezuela
7232:Fake news
7120:AK Trolls
6811:Funkspiel
6333:Infodemic
6249:Fake news
6224:Denialism
6219:Deception
5966:Ideograph
5921:Fake news
5551:Et Cetera
5482:Bielefeld
5439:. (1965).
5028:cite book
4822:2249-1937
4697:201379873
4265:1933-1681
4198:145697213
3713:190002621
3399:. Norton.
3382:2167-8715
3190:144546254
3141:145021449
3096:2 January
2755:163518886
2747:0003-9381
2542:145332403
2526:0002-7162
2373:The Forum
2256:Routledge
1971:Fake news
1691:ownership
1687:audiences
1244:Hezbollah
1164:Uncle Sam
1160:Britannia
1067:Lusitania
1065:RMS
833:Religious
676:gerundive
653:Albanians
581:used film
536:war films
522:animation
462:Communist
341:Loyalists
164:xuanchuan
121:) of the
106:propagare
101:gerundive
86:Etymology
9092:Neophile
8719:Phubbing
8637:Hot take
8525:Mismatch
8433:Red team
8371:Deviance
7891:Shunning
7698:Logicism
7678:Finitism
7630:Rhetoric
7615:Prudence
7553:Evidence
7513:Argument
7503:Analysis
7436:USAFacts
7426:StopFake
7322:Force 47
7227:COVID-19
7151:Euromyth
6902:Peñabots
6776:COVID-19
6681:COVID-19
6666:Vaccines
6531:Examples
6417:Smearing
5986:Newspeak
5851:Buzzword
5669:(2016).
5458:Archived
5242:5 August
5167:(1948).
5145:(1895).
5102:(1958).
5083:Humanist
4987:archived
4830:44158487
4587:quoting
4474:Archived
4318:(2301).
4163:45784333
4029:(2014).
3924:23 April
3326:29 March
3154:p. 113,
2898:13 March
2512:: 1–13.
2402:(1928).
2176:20 April
2111:(2020).
2090:23 April
1946:Agitprop
1939:See also
1742:Children
1357:Pentagon
1321:leaflets
1294:Dziennik
1275:Politics
1217:—
989:Hannibal
847:Crusades
841:and the
698:movement
645:Bosniaks
577:Cold War
571:and the
506:Red Army
337:Patriots
290:Octavian
275:Darius I
103:form of
9052:Griefer
8858:Mobbing
8692:Chumbox
8644:Spiking
8381:Dissent
8164:Teasing
8130:Suicide
8045:Mobbing
7838:Outcast
7718:Realism
7605:Premise
7595:Opinion
7590:Inquiry
7573:Fallacy
7310:Vietnam
6981:Seat 12
6852:OpIndia
6804:Germany
6271:Fallacy
6244:Factoid
6182:Big lie
5976:Lawfare
5941:Framing
5836:Big lie
5453:(1940)
5008:Sources
4625:6 March
4604:1 April
4066:1247829
3899:(2012)
3843:1868905
3808:2150639
3539:Truvere
3321:HISTORY
3291:excerpt
3133:2378152
3015:6 March
2830:2262307
2534:1038915
2363:(ed.).
2282:, p. v
2197:6 March
1951:Big lie
1697:), and
1416:poster)
1252:dialect
1059:" and "
973:Nemesis
955:In the
873:Wartime
722:Creel's
637:Croatia
498:Finland
391:in the
279:Persian
277:to the
249:History
152:secular
8438:Satire
8403:Hermit
8005:Hazing
7843:Outlaw
7640:Theory
7518:Belief
7421:Snopes
7237:online
7157:Lancet
7103:Turkey
6941:Russia
6897:Mexico
6885:Kuwait
6861:Israel
6720:Canada
6676:autism
6622:Health
6254:online
6071:Slogan
5709:27(1).
5677:
5648:
5624:
5610:(2014)
5606:
5488:
5455:online
5416:
5398:
5372:(2003)
5261:about
5213:
5194:
5175:
5153:
5131:
5112:
5070:
5049:
4996:31 May
4828:
4820:
4791:
4761:
4734:
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4650:
4432:Quartz
4355:1 July
4297:Quartz
4263:
4222:1 June
4196:
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2317:
2307:xi–xii
2305:, pp.
2286:
2262:
2230:
2149:
1909:, and
1897:) and
1649:causes
1507:Models
1473:Hitler
1465:Stalin
1426:movies
1342:Since
1325:medium
1305:using
1178:as a "
1005:Venice
985:poleis
965:Sparta
771:biased
649:Croats
532:Hitler
452:Soviet
422:under
403:). In
360:Whites
331:, the
282:throne
113:means
8923:Youth
8485:Media
8120:Crime
7980:Dogma
7799:Exile
7635:Rigor
7215:QAnon
6873:Korea
6830:India
6732:China
6646:Ebola
6162:Types
6061:Senbu
5412:2016
5287:Books
4990:(PDF)
4979:(PDF)
4959:(PDF)
4952:(PDF)
4933:(PDF)
4926:(PDF)
4826:JSTOR
4693:S2CID
4658:JSTOR
4194:S2CID
4062:JSTOR
3881:5 May
3839:JSTOR
3804:JSTOR
3709:S2CID
3260:JSTOR
3224:JSTOR
3186:S2CID
3137:S2CID
3129:JSTOR
3035:(PDF)
2861:JSTOR
2826:JSTOR
2751:S2CID
2538:S2CID
2530:JSTOR
2368:(PDF)
2086:, Inc
1528:Worms
1254:with
1086:used
1024:, by
981:socii
753:Types
673:Latin
186:with
8487:and
7568:Fact
7523:Bias
7056:2020
7051:2018
7046:2016
6427:Spin
6328:Hoax
6213:list
6148:and
6076:Spin
5675:ISBN
5646:ISBN
5622:ISBN
5604:ISBN
5499:2021
5486:ISBN
5414:ISBN
5396:ISBN
5244:2010
5211:ISBN
5192:ISBN
5173:ISBN
5151:ISBN
5129:ISBN
5110:ISBN
5068:ISBN
5047:ISBN
5034:link
4998:2022
4894:2020
4884:The
4865:2020
4818:ISSN
4789:ISBN
4759:ISBN
4732:ISBN
4648:ISBN
4627:2015
4606:2007
4482:2020
4451:CNET
4357:2019
4261:ISSN
4224:2016
4159:OCLC
4149:ISBN
4122:2019
4086:ISBN
3982:2015
3950:ISBN
3926:2021
3883:2015
3773:help
3754:2022
3741:ISBN
3720:2022
3693:Klio
3671:2022
3658:ISBN
3637:2022
3624:ISBN
3603:2023
3577:2005
3551:2022
3514:ISBN
3473:ISBN
3447:ISBN
3420:ISBN
3378:ISSN
3328:2020
3250:ISBN
3214:ISBN
3098:2024
3069:2007
3017:2015
2995:2022
2935:2018
2900:2020
2776:ISBN
2743:ISSN
2712:2022
2699:ISBN
2678:2022
2665:ISBN
2644:2022
2631:ISBN
2610:2022
2597:ISBN
2576:2022
2563:ISBN
2522:ISSN
2485:ISBN
2460:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2386:2020
2337:ISBN
2315:ISBN
2284:ISBN
2260:ISBN
2228:ISBN
2199:2015
2178:2021
2147:ISBN
2092:2016
1695:flak
1639:and
1380:bots
1344:9/11
1194:and
1061:gook
961:Troy
860:and
641:Serb
635:and
602:and
569:West
567:The
546:and
397:Navy
395:and
364:Reds
292:and
243:NATO
7492:and
5705:".
4685:doi
4505:doi
4320:doi
4251:doi
4186:doi
4054:doi
3997:'s
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3796:doi
3701:doi
3368:doi
3178:doi
3121:doi
2853:doi
2818:doi
2735:doi
2514:doi
2510:398
2456:133
2220:doi
1852:In
1772:by
1546:or
1378:or
1088:CIA
1057:Jap
1022:WWI
903:by
812:or
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271:BCE
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