914:
demands as indispensable for establishing the regime, which may guarantee the equality of
Mexicans among themselves; agrarian laws which will favor the formation of small property by dissolving the big landholdings and restoring to the people the lands of which they were unjustly deprived; fiscal laws designed to secure an equitable system of taxation on real estate; legislation to improve the condition of the rural peasant, of the laborer, of the miner, and the working classes in general; establishment of municipal liberty as a constitutional institution; bases for a new system of organization of an Independent Judicial Branch, both in the Federation and in the States; revision of the laws relative to marriage and the civil state of persons; dispositions which guarantee the strict fulfillment of the laws of the Reform, revision of the Civil, Criminal, and the Commercial codes; reforms of judicial procedure with the aim of expediting and making effective the administration of justice, revision of laws relative to the exploitation of mines, oil, water, timber, and the natural resources of the country, and to prevent this being done in the future; reforms which may guarantee the faithful application of the Constitution of the Republic, and in general to provide laws which may be deemed necessary in order to assure to the inhabitants of the country the full and effective enjoyment of their rights and of equality before the law.
833:
the crime of treason to scale in power, arresting the
President and Vice-president, as well as their Ministers, demanding of them by violent means to renounce their posts, which is verified by the messages that the same General Huerta sent to the Governors of the States communicating to them that he had taken prisoner the Supreme Magistrates of the Nation and their Cabinet. Considering that the Legislative and Judicial Powers in spite of the laws and constitutional rules have recognized and protected General Victoriano Huerta and his illegal and unpatriotic procedures, and considering, of having violated the sovereignty of those States, whose Governors should have been the first to not recognize him, the following subscribers, Chiefs and Officers commanding the constitutional forces, have agreed and will sustain with arms the following:
933:
updates the
December 1914 additions to the original plan, reformulating articles 4, 5, and 6, in light of the Constitutionalist victory. Article 4 now calls for a Constituent Congress, with himself as Chief of the Constitutionalist Army setting the time and place. It further stipulates the apportionment of representatives by states and territories and excludes anyone hostile to the Constitutionalist cause from being elected a delegate. In Article 5, Carranza states he will provide a draft of the revised Constitution to the delegates. In Article 6, he mandates limiting discussion to the draft constitution. He puts the delegates on a short timeline of two months to complete the revisions of the constitution. In Article 7, he mandates the dissemination of the decree to all parts of the Republic.
923:
the operations of the campaign; to name governors and military commanders of States and to remove them freely; he is also to make expropriations on grounds of public welfare which may be necessary for division of lands, the funding of towns, and other public services; to contract loans and to issue notes on the
National Treasury with indication of the properties which will guarantee them; he may also name and freely remove federal employees as well as those of the civil administration of States to make directly or through the Chiefs which he may authorize the requisitions of lands, buildings, arms, horses, vehicles, provisions, and other necessities of war; and to establish military decorations and to decree recompense for services devoted to the Revolution.
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445:, notable for political corruption and rule by imprisonment and assassination" juxtaposed the formerly "liberal" government which he was appointed the minister of war in Madero's Revolutionary cabinet. Although there had been scattered rebellions against Huerta, there was no unified plan for the revolutionaries. Carranza was one of the most prominent and well-known opposers of Huerta: he was the then-sitting governor of the state of
465:. One scholar has called the plan "oft-mentioned and highly overrated," but the plan did attract widespread support for the anti-Huerta coalition, despite its solely political demands. In December 1914, Carranza issued "Additions to the Plan of Guadalupe", which directly addressed land reform and reforms to improve the lives of workers and peasants.
902:
revolutionary forces that had been united against Huerta were poised for all-out civil war of the revolutionary winners. Zapata and Villa were much more radical than
Carranza, so that to win over potential followers of those two, Carranza issued the Additions to the Plan of Guadalupe, signed by Carranza and his chief of staff,
922:
Article 3. In order to be able to continue the struggle and in order to be able to bring to accomplishment of the work of the reforms which are referred to in the preceding
Article, the Chief of the Revolution is expressly authorized to convoke and to organize the Constitutionalist Army and to direct
884:
The initial plan was extremely narrow in scope, bringing together northern forces that defeated Huerta and gained U.S. backing against his regime. Carranza insisted on the narrowness of the plan, which did not include demands for socioeconomic reforms. In his time as First Chief, Carranza managed the
870:
The citizen acting as First Chief of the
Constitutionalist Army in the states whose governments have recognized that of Huerta, will assume command as provisional governor and will call for local elections, after having taken possession of their posts the citizens having been elected to carry out the
913:
Article 2. The First Chief of the
Revolution vested with Executive Power will expedite and put into effect during the struggle all the laws, dispositions and measures designed to give satisfaction to the economic, social, and political necessities, thus accomplishing the reforms which public opinion
932:
By
September 1916, Villa had been defeated by Constitutionalist General Obregón and Zapata had returned to guerrilla warfare in Morelos. Carranza now looked to a constitutional convention to revise the 1857 Liberal Constitution. Carranza's "Decree Revising Certain Articles of the Plan of Guadalupe"
832:
Considering that
General Victoriano Huerta, to whom the constitutional President Don Francisco I. Madero had trusted the defense of the institutions and legality of his Government, when siding with the enemies who rebelled against that same Government, to restore the latest dictatorship, committed
901:
remained loyal to Carranza. Carranza issued amendments to the Plan of Guadalupe on 12 December 1914, which for the first time "promised agrarian and social reforms, legitimizing the efforts of his more radical supporters and undercuttting the popular appeal of his enemies," By this time, the
473:
The Plan was divided into seven statements which aimed to repudiate the legitimacy of Huerta's government. The statements reject Huerta as president, including the legislative and judicial branches and any state supporting his administration. The plan designated the collective of the northern
482:). This articulated Carranza's belief that "the only way the revolutionaries would ever be able to maintain themselves in power was by destroying the old federal army." The plan gave Carranza interim power over Executive Power until peace was restored and then call for new elections.
449:. His plan initially united anti-Huerta forces in his home state, but other revolutionary groups signed onto it. The plan became the official program of the northern revolutionaries. It was subscribed to by leading figures of the
408:
of February 1913. The manifesto was released from the Hacienda De Guadalupe, which is where the Plan derives its name, nearly a month after the assassination of Madero. The initial plan was limited in scope, denouncing
1545:
413:'s usurpation of power and advocating the restoration of a constitutional government. In 1914, Carranza issued "Additions to the Plan of Guadalupe", which broadened its scope and "endowed
918:
Article 3 lays out implementation of the reforms, with the "Chief of the Revolution" empower to use the Constitutionalist Army for that purpose, and conveys on him other sweeping powers.
846:
The Governments of the States that still recognize the Federal Powers that form the present Administration, are also not recognized thirty days after the publication of this Plan.
1307:
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The interim president of the republic will call for general elections as soon as the peace has been consolidated, handing over power to the citizen who is elected.
864:, the citizen Venustiano Carranza, First Chief of the Army, will be in interim charge of the Executive Power, or whoever would have substituted him in command.
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Charles C. Cumberland, Mexican Revolution: Constitutionalist Years. Austin: University of Texas Press 1972, pp. 70-7ref1.
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General Victoriano Huerta is not recognized as President of the Republic.
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La Revolución: Mexico's Great Revolution as Memory, Myth, and History
893:, who had never adhered to the Plan of Guadalupe, having created the
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429:. Carranza sought to set the terms of the constitutional convention.
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Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775-1990: Major Combatants
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The text of the plan is brief and available online in Spanish.
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998:, Don M. Coerver, Suzanne B. Pasztor, and Robert Buffington.
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powers of the federation, as called for by the previous rule.
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Article 2 articulates the envisioned socioeconomic reforms.
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Mexico: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Culture and History
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was acquired by Mexico on 25 February 1922 and renamed the
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16:
1913 manifesto by Mexican revolutionary Venustiano Carranza
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broke with Carranza and allied with peasant revolutionary
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was victorious and revolutionaries sought changes to the
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Carranza was a dedicated supporter of fellow Coahuilan
1117:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
1017:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
1074:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1981, 129.
994:Coerver, Don M. 2004. "Carranza, Venustiano". In
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1096:, "Additions to the Plan of Guadalupe". 634-637.
389:which was proclaimed on March 26, 1913, by the
1168:, "Additions to the Plan of Guadalupe", 635-36
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1032:. Austin: University of Texas Press 2000, 63.
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1105:Katz, The Secret War in Mexico, p. 129.
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1597:
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1497:
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1475:Plan of Ayala
1473:
1471:
1468:
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1425:
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1399:Carmen Serdán
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1349:Porfirio Díaz
1347:
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1196:0-313-26202-0
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948:
947: (PG-24)
946:
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895:Plan of Ayala
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569:
564:
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556:
553:
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541:
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534:The New Spain
531:
530:
526:
525:Pre-Columbian
522:
521:
517:
513:
512:
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497:
492:
491:
483:
481:
477:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
430:
428:
424:
419:
418:
417:la Revolución
412:
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63:The New Spain
60:
59:
55:
54:Pre-Columbian
51:
50:
46:
42:
41:
38:
32:
31:
26:
21:
20:
1579:Land Reforms
1574:Cristero War
1479:
1424:Ramón Corral
1222:(in Spanish)
1182:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1139:
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1125:
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1093:
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1079:
1071:
1066:
1053:
1045:
1029:
1024:
995:
950:
944:
940:
931:
921:
917:
912:
908:
887:Pancho Villa
883:
874:
850:
835:
831:
828:
824:
772:
752:PRI downfall
729:
700:
682:Cristero War
666:
659:
609:
555:First Empire
479:
472:
455:Pancho Villa
441:. Huerta's "
436:
374:
364:
301:
281:PRI downfall
258:
229:
211:Cristero War
195:
188:
138:
84:First Empire
1333:Científicos
1292:Encomiendas
1120:, v.1, 573.
941:The former
862:Mexico City
505:History of
480:Primer Jefe
398:coup d'etat
367:the history
34:History of
1693:Categories
1673:Soldaderas
1666:Magonistas
1661:Felicistas
1546:formations
1328:Porfiriato
1318:La Reforma
1313:Reform War
1275:Background
979:References
655:Revolution
617:Reform War
611:La Reforma
585:Pastry War
433:Background
184:Revolution
146:Reform War
140:La Reforma
114:Pastry War
1656:Federales
1297:Haciendas
943:USS
937:Ship name
860:occupies
856:When the
634:1864–1928
163:1864–1928
1636:Factions
1536:Maximato
957:See also
774:Timeline
701:Maximato
496:a series
494:Part of
453:such as
447:Coahuila
385:) was a
303:Timeline
230:Maximato
25:a series
23:Part of
945:Dolphin
379:Spanish
1557:Legacy
1193:
1019:. 267.
694:Modern
507:Mexico
498:on the
461:, and
373:, the
371:Mexico
223:Modern
36:Mexico
27:on the
1629:Other
1611:(PRI)
1463:Plans
1302:Casta
836:PLAN
1191:ISBN
369:of
365:In
1695::
1185:.
1037:^
1006:^
987:^
906:.
457:,
381::
1260:e
1253:t
1246:v
1199:.
1061:.
814:e
807:t
800:v
377:(
343:e
336:t
329:v
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