41:
356:
Since Turkey Tayac's death in 1978, two other organized tribal groups have emerged that represent
Piscataway people: these are the Piscataway Conoy Tribe, led by Mrs. Mervin Savoy; and the Cedarville Band of Piscataways, led by Natalie Proctor. The different tribes have varying perspectives on tribal
698:
By the early twentieth century, few families identified themselves as
Piscataway Indians, with dramatic decreases in population due to disease, as well as the Maryland Colony's dissolution of reservations in the eighteenth century. Furthermore, the prevailing racial attitudes during the eighteenth
375:
comprising numerous settlements sometime in the fourteenth or fifteenth century. The women were developed agriculturalists, growing varieties of maize, beans and squash that supported population and a hierarchical society. The men also hunted and fished. A hierarchy of places and rulers emerged:
467:
continued to occasionally invade southward. Moreover, as the
English persisted and eventually developed a more successful colony after resolving their own religious disputes, they turned against the Piscataway, competing for land and resources. Furthermore, some Piscataway had settled across the
644:
According to some historians and archaeologists, a small group of
Piscataway families continued to live in their homeland. Though destroyed as an independent, sovereign polity, the Piscataway survived, and resettled into rural farm life. In those times, they were classified as
390:, appointed a "lesser king" to each dependent settlement. With political change came changes in social structure and religious development that exalted the hierarchy. By the end of the sixteenth century, each werowance on the north bank of the Potomac was subject to a single
452:. Moreover, both Gov. Calvert and Kittamaquund soon died. Since neither the tribe nor the rival Maryland governments recognized Brent's claim to Piscataway lands, the couple crossed the Potomac to establish a trading post and live at
294:
On
January 12, 2012, Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley issued an Executive Order recognizing both the Piscataway Indian Nation and the Piscataway Conoy Tribe as Indian groups under a process established by the General Assembly.
518:. This alarmed Virginia settlers, who tried to persuade the Piscataway to return to Maryland. Finally in 1699, the tribe moved on its own accord to what is now called Conoy Island in the Potomac River near
503:
proved brief. Refugees from dispossessed
Algonquian nations, including the Mattaponi (who had their own small reservation in Virginia), joined with the Piscataway, who by 1690 had retreated into
695:, a hereditary office he claimed had been handed down through his family. Turkey Tayac was instrumental in the revival of American Indian cultures in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast.
731:" or "mulatto" on state and federal census records even in the nineteenth century, and under Plecker's lobbying, the mulatto category was eliminated by the mid-20th century. This
487:; the other, on those settlements that comprised a portion of the Piscataway homeland. However, those reservations had not been laid out when Susquehannocks retreating from the
276:-speaking Native American groups on the north bank of the river. The Piscataway nation declined dramatically before the nineteenth century, under the influence of colonization,
414:
in 1608. When the
English began to colonize what is now Maryland, the Tayac made allies of the newcomers. He granted the English a former Indian settlement, which they renamed
1076:
Gabrielle, Tayac (2004). "National Museum of the
American Indian ? 'We Rise, We Fall, We Rise' ? a Piscataway Descendant Bears Witness at a Capital Groundbreaking".
1624:
786:
Today, the
Piscataway Indian Nation is an emergent Indigenous presence in its Chesapeake homeland. The Piscataway Indian tribal nation is enjoying a renaissance.
755:
was a prominent figure in the early and mid-twentieth century cultural revitalization movements. He influenced the
Piscataway, but also other remnant southeastern
1234:
1712:
1661:
339:
1446:
1692:
1548:
428:
1593:
441:
926:
320:
40:
1687:
1619:
1538:
609:
371:
While Indigenous peoples inhabited areas along the waterways of Maryland for thousands of years, the historic Piscataway coalesced as a
1227:
672:
continued to identify a core group of families as Indian in its parish records. Anthropologists and sociologists classified many as a
771:
of Virginia and Maryland. With a third-grade formal education, Chief Turkey Tayac began the process of cultural revitalization and
484:
17:
1220:
756:
347:
283:
The Piscataway Indian Nation organized out of a 20th-century revival of its people and culture. Its peoples are committed to
1357:
562:
775:. He emphasized a movement based on American Indians choosing self-identification, during an era when the United States
743:
or other parish records and ethnographic reports continued to identify Piscataway individuals and families as Indians.
1578:
1533:
1483:
319:. Its people now mostly live in these three southern Maryland counties and in the two nearby major metropolitan areas,
284:
1702:
1598:
1134:
1107:
1060:
264:. At the time of European encounter, the Piscataway was one of the most populous and powerful Native polities of the
1645:
1488:
448:
and his ally Captain Ingalls, invaded Maryland and destroyed St. Mary's City as well as the rival trading post at
1451:
1614:
1528:
554:
312:
735:
made standing American Indian treaty rights that much easier to abrogate for multi-racial people, even though
1697:
1563:
1513:
649:, over time marrying members of other ethnic groups, but incorporating them into some Piscataway traditions.
1518:
1498:
703:
policies of the twentieth century—based on a binary society. With the early 20th-century pseudoscience of
727:", regardless of their self-identification. The Piscataway were reclassified as "free people of color", "
500:
789:
The Piscataway Indian Nation members are among the 25,000 self-identified Native Americans in Maryland.
1588:
569:
1052:
Legends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck
664:
interviewed a number of Piscataway who claimed descent from tribes associated with the old Piscataway
1553:
776:
444:
of Maryland. Soon, the tribe was caught in English religious wars, as the Virginia Protestant trader
433:
418:, after their own monarch. The Tayac intended the new colonial outpost to serve as a buffer against
983:
688:
589:
519:
350:
99:
1249:
813:
712:
592:
in 1779-1780 devastated Native American towns. Some Conoy continued to migrate north, along the
1380:
253:
342:, prominent in the movement for Indigenous and human rights. He was the son of the late Chief
291:. It is one of three contemporary organized groups of self-identified Piscataway descendants.
617:
449:
272:. By the early seventeenth century, the Piscataway had come to exercise hegemony over other
1629:
1207:
Commoners, Tribute, and Chiefs: The Development of Algonquian Culture in the Potomac Valley
1198:
Merrell, James H. "Cultural Continuity Among the Piscataway Indians of Colonial Maryland".
646:
593:
496:
273:
8:
1707:
1493:
1467:
1436:
1370:
597:
584:
sided with the Americans, other Iroquois tribes sided with the British. American Colonel
573:
473:
82:
45:
Billy Tayac, hereditary chief of the Piscataway Indian Nation And Tayac Territory in 2012
27:
State-recognized tribe in Maryland that claims descent from the historic Piscataway tribe
1126:
Nature and History in the Potomac Country: From Hunter-Gatherers to the Age of Jefferson
1395:
1365:
772:
558:
480:
415:
407:
277:
1558:
1508:
1375:
1312:
1262:
1130:
1103:
1056:
530:
445:
437:
366:
261:
169:
495:
in Maryland, and the war they had been waging against English colonists flared into
1583:
1297:
1008:
Mooney, James; Thomas, Cyrus (1907). "Conoy Tribe". In Frederick Webb Hodge (ed.).
873:
829:
764:
621:
577:
511:
324:
175:
126:
112:
78:
510:
In 1697, many Piscataway relocated across the Potomac and camped near what is now
1503:
1317:
1302:
1272:
1257:
1188:
1164:. 2 vols. The Hakluyt Society, 2nd series nos. 136-137. Cambridge, England, 1969.
1124:
1050:
1033:
1009:
732:
669:
661:
613:
601:
515:
488:
460:
459:
Any benefits to having the English as allies and buffers proved short-lived. The
391:
1385:
1212:
1178:, Vol. 15 (Northeast). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 70–77.
704:
653:
585:
550:
377:
308:
304:
265:
1174:
Goddard, Ives (1978). "Eastern Algonquian Languages". In Bruce Trigger (ed.),
807:
1681:
1573:
1523:
1337:
780:
708:
700:
581:
542:
538:
419:
411:
269:
303:
The Piscataway Indian Nation inhabits traditional homelands in the areas of
1415:
752:
724:
684:
504:
492:
464:
343:
335:
288:
95:
957:
440:, who also had converted and taken a Christian name, married the colonist
1420:
1292:
1277:
546:
534:
453:
1568:
1441:
1287:
1193:
The Search for an American Indian Identity: Modern Pan Indian Movements
728:
673:
657:
625:
605:
1543:
1347:
469:
386:
1666:
1342:
1327:
1322:
1267:
941:
870:
Indians, and that is actually the English way to say the name, and—
768:
736:
677:
665:
633:
629:
529:
and other fleeing Algonquian groups, migrated northwest toward the
316:
257:
66:
1181:
Griffin, James B. "Eastern North American Prehistory: A Summary".
1332:
1169:
Ancient Washington—American Indian Cultures of the Potomac Valley
740:
720:
381:
338:
of the Piscataway Indian Nation and Tayac Territory was the late
1282:
760:
628:(despite their Siouian language), and possibly merged with the
541:, their former enemies, as well as German Christians including
526:
1014:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 339–340
533:
seeking relief from the European settlers. Then known as the "
1098:
Rountree, Helen C.; Clark, Wayne E.; Mountford, Kent (2008).
900:
716:
463:
was initially too weak to pose a significant threat. But the
372:
238:
432:
converted to Christianity under the guidance of Jesuit Rev.
906:
891:
862:
853:
545:. They were allowed to establish settlements, including at
244:
229:
208:
199:
159:
150:
882:
847:
835:
220:
193:
181:
144:
132:
1162:
The Jamestown Voyages Under the First Charter, 1606-1609
1171:. Washington, D.C., George Washington University, 1977.
525:
In the eighteenth century, some Piscataway, as well as
1209:. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1993.
1097:
483:
agreed to be confined to two reservations: one on the
353:
of the twentieth century. He died in September 2021.
903:
888:
885:
876:
859:
856:
844:
838:
241:
226:
223:
214:
205:
202:
190:
184:
156:
153:
141:
135:
1011:
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Part I
897:
879:
850:
832:
235:
217:
196:
178:
147:
129:
927:"Md. Formally Recognizes 2 American Indian Groups".
894:
841:
380:without hereditary rulers paid tribute to a nearby
232:
187:
138:
268:region, with a territory on the north side of the
1679:
1242:
806:Proctor, Natalie; and Proctor, Crystal (2014).
1549:Iron Hill Cut Jasper Quarry Archeological Site
537:", they sought the protection of the powerful
1594:Walker Prehistoric Village Archeological Site
1228:
1129:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
711:". Thus, anyone with a discernible amount of
1713:State-recognized tribes in the United States
1007:
945:Piscataway Indian Nation and Tayac Territory
394:: the ruler of the Piscataway, known as the
260:who identify as descendants of the historic
1620:Magothy Quartzite Quarry Archeological Site
1539:Heath Farm Jasper Quarry Archeological Site
1093:
1091:
610:Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation
357:membership, development, and other issues.
1235:
1221:
1167:Chambers, Mary E. and Robert L. Humphrey.
1100:John Smith's Chesapeake Voyages, 1607-1609
676:folk community, who were commonly called "
1075:
1055:. Library of Alexandria. pp. 20–21.
683:Phillip Sheridan Proctor, later known as
608:. Today, their descendants live with the
422:incursions from the north. In 1634 Tayac
1088:
1048:
958:"Governor Grants Maryland Indian Status"
691:. Proctor revived the use of the title,
280:, and intertribal and colonial warfare.
1662:Native American place names in Maryland
1038:. Alice Ferguson Foundation. p. 3.
1031:
981:
522:. They settled there until after 1722.
468:Potomac river, and became known as the
401:
14:
1680:
1195:. NY: Syracuse University Press, 1971.
1155:The Three Worlds of Captain John Smith
624:(despite their Iroquoian language) or
604:and other trails, finally settling in
1216:
1157:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1964.
962:Maryland Commission on Indian Affairs
746:
715:ancestry was commonly classified as "
616:. Others may have moved south toward
1625:National Archives Archeological Site
1122:
707:and others came laws enforcing the "
61:Regions with significant populations
563:Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
24:
1688:Native American tribes in Maryland
1579:Nolands Ferry I Archeological Site
1534:Heath Farm Camp Archeological Site
1484:Aisquith Farm E Archeological Site
1176:Handbook of North American Indians
932:9 Jan 2011. Retrieved 10 Jan 2011.
576:also proved unsafe, for while the
25:
1724:
1693:African–Native American relations
1599:Willin Village Archeological Site
699:and nineteenth centuries, became
668:. Unlike other institutions, the
1646:Baltimore American Indian Center
1489:Arundel Cove Archaeological Site
1202:, 3rd series, 36 (1979): 548-70.
1102:. University of Virginia Press.
872:
828:
812:. DC Women Eco-leaders Project.
652:In the late nineteenth century,
479:By a 1668 treaty, western shore
174:
125:
39:
1452:Shawnee Old Fields Village Site
1116:
1035:Colonial Piscataway in Maryland
816:from the original on 2021-12-22
472:. They became embroiled in the
1615:Broad Creek Soapstone Quarries
1529:Grear Prehistoric Village Site
1069:
1042:
1032:Kellock, Katherine A. (1962).
1025:
1001:
975:
950:
935:
919:
799:
779:required individuals to prove
639:
555:Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
13:
1:
1564:McCandless Archeological Site
1514:Buckingham Archeological Site
982:Mitrano, Erica (2007-08-07).
809:Interview: Piscataway Indians
792:
329:
1519:Bumpstead Archeological Site
1243:Native Americans in Maryland
1200:William & Mary Quarterly
298:
7:
1250:Historic and present tribes
1049:Williams, Harrison (1938).
990:. Waldorf, MD: SoMdNews.com
763:of North Carolina, and the
501:Treaty of Middle Plantation
334:The most recent hereditary
10:
1729:
1589:Shoemaker III Village Site
1147:
570:American Revolutionary War
364:
360:
1654:
1638:
1607:
1554:Katcef Archeological Site
1476:
1460:
1429:
1408:
1394:
1356:
1248:
783:to claim their ancestry.
777:Indian Reorganization Act
759:communities, such as the
111:
106:
94:
89:
77:
72:
65:
60:
55:
50:
38:
1703:Charles County, Maryland
1608:Other prehistoric places
1308:Piscataway Indian Nation
988:The Maryland Independent
947:. (retrieved 4 Jan 2010)
689:Charles County, Maryland
520:Point of Rocks, Maryland
410:first visited the upper
351:revitalization movements
122:Piscataway Indian Nation
100:Native American religion
34:Piscataway Indian Nation
18:Piscataway Indian Nation
1477:Prehistoric communities
1123:Rice, James D. (2009).
499:. The respite from the
1381:Susquehannock language
687:, was born in 1895 in
254:state-recognized tribe
618:North Carolina Colony
590:Sullivan's Expedition
436:. His young daughter
406:The English explorer
365:Further information:
107:Related ethnic groups
1698:Algonquian ethnonyms
1630:Old Colony Cove Site
1430:Historic communities
1358:Historical languages
647:free people of color
594:Great Indian Warpath
402:English colonization
1499:Beck Northeast Site
1494:Barton Village Site
1461:Prehistoric peoples
1437:Accokeek Creek Site
1396:Present territories
1371:Piscataway language
1205:Potter, Stephen R.
1185:156 (1967):175-191.
1153:Barbour, Philip L.
964:. State of Maryland
598:Great Shamokin Path
574:Pennsylvania Colony
474:Anglo-Powhatan Wars
340:Billy Redwing Tayac
35:
1366:Nanticoke language
773:self-determination
747:Piscataway revival
408:Captain John Smith
346:, a leader in the
278:infectious disease
33:
1675:
1674:
1559:Martins Pond Site
1509:Brinsfield I Site
1376:Powhatan language
984:"A tribe divided"
531:Susquehanna River
497:Bacon's Rebellion
446:William Claiborne
367:Piscataway people
313:St. Mary's County
262:Piscataway people
118:
117:
16:(Redirected from
1720:
1584:Sandy Point Site
1409:Historic figures
1237:
1230:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1189:Hertzberg, Hazel
1141:
1140:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
995:
979:
973:
972:
970:
969:
954:
948:
939:
933:
923:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
869:
868:
865:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
823:
821:
803:
568:However, by the
512:Plains, Virginia
384:. Its chief, or
325:Washington, D.C.
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
51:Total population
43:
36:
32:
21:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1650:
1634:
1603:
1504:Biggs Ford Site
1472:
1456:
1425:
1404:
1402:Tayac Territory
1390:
1352:
1244:
1241:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1096:
1089:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1047:
1043:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1006:
1002:
993:
991:
980:
976:
967:
965:
956:
955:
951:
942:"Contact Page".
940:
936:
930:NBC Washington.
924:
920:
875:
871:
831:
827:
819:
817:
805:
804:
800:
795:
757:American Indian
749:
733:detribalization
670:Catholic Church
662:anthropologists
642:
614:Ontario, Canada
602:Sheshequin Path
516:Fauquier County
489:Virginia Colony
461:Maryland Colony
416:St. Mary's City
404:
392:paramount chief
369:
363:
348:Native American
332:
301:
213:
177:
173:
128:
124:
46:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1726:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1386:Unami language
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1115:
1108:
1087:
1068:
1061:
1041:
1024:
1000:
974:
949:
934:
925:Witte, Brian.
918:
797:
796:
794:
791:
748:
745:
705:Walter Plecker
654:archaeologists
641:
638:
586:Thomas Hartley
551:Conestoga Town
491:established a
485:Wicomico River
403:
400:
362:
359:
331:
328:
309:Calvert County
305:Charles County
300:
297:
266:Chesapeake Bay
167:, also called
116:
115:
109:
108:
104:
103:
102:(historically)
92:
91:
87:
86:
85:(historically)
75:
74:
70:
69:
63:
62:
58:
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
44:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1725:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1574:Monocacy Site
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Elkridge Site
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
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270:Potomac River
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1655:Other topics
1639:Institutions
1416:Turkey Tayac
1401:
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1199:
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1175:
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1161:
1160:______. ed.
1154:
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808:
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753:Turkey Tayac
750:
697:
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685:Turkey Tayac
682:
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588:in 1778 and
567:
524:
509:
505:Zekiah Swamp
478:
458:
456:, Virginia.
434:Andrew White
429:Kittamaquund
427:
423:
405:
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385:
370:
355:
344:Turkey Tayac
333:
302:
293:
289:human rights
282:
168:
121:
119:
96:Christianity
30:Ethnic group
1468:Monongahela
1421:Indian Will
1293:Nacotchtank
1084:(6): 63–66.
1078:Smithsonian
658:journalists
640:Present day
547:Conoy Creek
481:Algonquians
454:Aquia Creek
450:Kent Island
442:Giles Brent
424:Chitimachen
1708:Piscataway
1682:Categories
1569:Meyer Site
1447:Nottingham
1442:Caiuctucuc
1313:Piscataway
1288:Mattawoman
1263:Assateague
1018:2014-02-27
994:2012-09-23
968:2014-02-27
793:References
729:Free Negro
674:tri-racial
626:Occaneechi
606:New France
330:Government
285:Indigenous
274:Algonquian
83:Piscataway
1544:Hoye Site
1348:Yaocomico
1298:Nanticoke
765:Nanticoke
622:Tuscarora
620:with the
578:Tuscarora
470:Mattaponi
387:werowance
321:Baltimore
315:; all in
299:Geography
170:Piscatawa
113:Nanticoke
73:Languages
1667:We-Sorts
1343:Tockwogh
1328:Powhatan
1323:Potapoco
1318:Pocomoke
1303:Patuxent
1273:Choptank
1268:Chaptico
1258:Accokeek
820:March 1,
814:Archived
769:Powhatan
737:Catholic
701:Jim Crow
666:chiefdom
634:Pamunkey
630:Meherrin
559:Shamokin
317:Maryland
258:Maryland
90:Religion
67:Maryland
1333:Shawnee
1183:Science
1148:Sources
826:We are
741:Baptist
723:", or "
721:mulatto
713:African
678:Wesorts
382:village
378:hamlets
361:History
252:, is a
79:English
1283:Lumbee
1133:
1106:
1059:
767:, and
761:Lumbee
751:Chief
660:, and
582:Oneida
572:, the
527:Lenape
465:Seneca
311:, and
725:black
717:negro
693:tayac
612:, in
549:near
535:Conoy
396:Tayac
373:tribe
336:chief
1278:Doeg
1131:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1057:ISBN
822:2017
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580:and
557:and
493:fort
438:Mary
323:and
287:and
120:The
680:".
632:or
561:in
553:in
514:in
426:or
256:in
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