25:
301:" (also known as Wesorts) to see if there were remnants of Native American culture. They were so distinct as a group that they sat together in the local Catholic Church, between the whites and the blacks, in a time of public segregation. Recognizing their unique heritage and the fact that some communities had married within to maintain cultural identity, sociologists called such groups "
263:," thereby discounting any other ancestry. Although a few families identified as Piscataway Indians into the early 20th century, prevailing racist attitudes tended to classify mixed-race people as black. Throughout most of the 19th century, the US census had no provision for classification of Indians. Census takers might classify them as
475:
After Alice died in 1951, Henry established the Alice
Ferguson Foundation to protect the environment. In the 1960s, the Foundation made plans to donate much of the property to the National Park Service for protection. It is across the Potomac River from Mt. Vernon. Other property, known as the Hard
231:
A combination of factors had influenced the descendants of the
Piscataway and other tribes in the Southeast. The tribe had been decimated by the early 18th century by infectious disease, and warfare with other tribes and the colonists. They had lost their land through colonial encroachment. Their
549:, online, printout dated 22 February 2001. Prince George's County, Maryland, Land Records, Liber 1808: 101. Prince George's County, Maryland, Land Records, Liber 2076: 496; Liber 2221: 572; Liber 2316: 79; Liber 2687: 1-5; Liber 3564: 266-268; Liber 3564: 266-272, and Liber 3564: 271.
517:
Since 1978, the
Piscataway have divided into three organized groups, strong enough to take different directions. On Monday, January 9, 2012, all three groups were granted recognition by the state of Maryland. None has yet been recognized officially by the federal government.
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noted that the few contemporary people who claimed to be
Piscataway were "negro mongrels". This was an indication of how prominently the society used race to define identity; under racial segregation and application of the
232:
last mention in historical records was at a 1793 conference in
Detroit. Remaining Piscataway in Maryland merged with other tribes; others intermarried with both white and black neighbors and assimilated to various degrees.
494:
Eventually, the
Piscataway-Conoy Indians, Inc. opened the Piscataway Indian Center. They wanted to use it as a place to revitalize American Indian identity for people of Piscataway heritage, and for others of
510:
attached an amendment to unrelated legislation to achieve this. It was opposed by the Alice
Ferguson Foundation, which had donated land for the park. In 1979, Turkey Tayac was buried in the
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creating racial segregation and more rigid binary classifications of society into "white" and "black"—the latter essentially meaning all other. With states' enforcement of the "
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and other requirements for membership. They frequently relate to proving direct descent from individuals identified as Native in certain official records.
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reservations it had assigned in the 18th century. State and federal census records classified the
Piscataway and any mixed-race people as "free negro" or "
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peoples that privileged self-ascriptive forms of identification. In one of their projects in the 1960s, the
Piscataway issued identification cards to
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site shows indigenous human habitation from about 1300 CE to 1630 CE, including the time of the historic
Piscataway. It was designated a
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672:, ed. Clifford Trafzer and Gerald McMaster. Washington, DC: National Geographic and the National Museum of the American Indian, 2004.
506:. His family worked with Congressional and Senate representatives to gain permission for Proctor to be buried at the park. Senator
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Turkey Tayac was a notable figure in the early and mid-20th century cultural revitalization movements among remnant Southeastern
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To Speak with One Voice: Supra-Tribal American Indian Collective Identity Incorporation among the Piscataway, 1500-1998
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Native American Identity in the Segregated South: The Indians of Robeson County, North Carolina, 1872-1956.
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supporter, in 1974 Turkey Tayac incorporated a non-profit organization, the "Piscataway-Conoy Indians."
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in the 1970s increased interest in Turkey Tayac's attempts to reorganize the tribe. Along with his son
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Maryland Commission on Indian Affairs, Correspondence with R. Christopher Goodwin, August 12, 1999.
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341:", the states defined being of African descent as overriding other ancestry in the binary system.
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Ann Cameron Siegal, "Quietly Tucked In Near the Potomac: Moyaone Residents Keep Close to Nature",
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Along with his tribal responsibilities, Turkey Tayac was also an active participant in the
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parish records and ethnographic reports continued to identify certain families as Indian.
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Tayac supported the formation in the 1960s of Piscataway National Park. The rise of the
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for tribal and cultural revival in the 20th century. He had some knowledge of the
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from Philip Proctor's mother and her second husband, after his father had died.
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Pocahontas's People: The Powhatan Indians of Virginia through Four Centuries
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Indians of the Atlantic coastal plain. Their efforts were curtailed by the
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Turkey Tayac was interviewed by ethnographers, including T. Dale Stewart,
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637:, Doctoral Dissertation, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2005.
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Turkey Tayac started using a new name as he organized a movement for
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U.S. Social Security Death Index, Washington, D.C., December 1978.
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665:, Doctoral Dissertation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1999.
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Oral & Documented history of the Southern Maryland Outcase
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247:" (carried to extremes in Virginia), anyone with discernible
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Proctor was a Native American activist who had served during
468:. Some of the land had been purchased in 1928 by Alice and
305:", identifying numerous such communities across the South.
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leader and herbal medicine practitioner; he was notable in
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Feest, Christian. "Nanticokes and Neighboring Tribes", in
602:"Washington-area tribes gain Maryland state recognition"
582:"Chief Turkey Tayac, burial in Oxon Hill, Md." 93
476:
Bargain Farm, is run by the Alice Ferguson Foundation.
464:, part of the National Park system administered by the
239:
environment had led to 19th-century legislation across
651:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1997.
375:, many federally recognized tribes have established
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In 1911, in an article on the Piscataway tribe, the
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In the 20th century, social scientists studied the "
325:units to mobilize quickly. He was nearly killed by
1228:Native American United States military personnel
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668:______. "Keeping the Original Instructions," in
572:Alice Ferguson Foundation - A Historical Account
547:Alice Ferguson Foundation - A Historical Account
1054:Iron Hill Cut Jasper Quarry Archeological Site
656:Contemporary Issues in American Indian Studies
649:Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland
437:survival in regions where it was thought that
1099:Walker Prehistoric Village Archeological Site
733:
644:, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990.
599:
444:Turkey Tayac was particularly concerned with
647:Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson.
111:Piscataway Indian Nation and Tayac Territory
1125:Magothy Quartzite Quarry Archeological Site
1044:Heath Farm Jasper Quarry Archeological Site
658:, ed. Dane Morrison. Lang Publishers, 1997.
542:
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410:throughout his life, and was active in the
1208:American military personnel of World War I
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606:The National Museum of the American Indian
502:In 1978, Turkey Tayac was diagnosed with
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
675:______. "We Rise, We Fall, We Rise," in
537:
32:This article includes a list of general
1167:Native American place names in Maryland
654:Tayac, Gabrielle. "Stolen Spirits," in
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290:" in state and federal census records,
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371:Following the passage of the federal
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223:. His activism spanned many decades.
1233:People from Charles County, Maryland
1130:National Archives Archeological Site
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402:, part of his dedication to seeking
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235:The legacy of slavery and the post-
13:
1084:Nolands Ferry I Archeological Site
1039:Heath Farm Camp Archeological Site
989:Aisquith Farm E Archeological Site
704:Piscataway Indian Nation home page
625:Handbook of North American Indians
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1104:Willin Village Archeological Site
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1151:Baltimore American Indian Center
994:Arundel Cove Archaeological Site
162:Prince George's County, Maryland
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957:Shawnee Old Fields Village Site
1120:Broad Creek Soapstone Quarries
1034:Grear Prehistoric Village Site
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460:in 1966 and is located within
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1203:20th-century Native Americans
1069:McCandless Archeological Site
1019:Buckingham Archeological Site
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1024:Bumpstead Archeological Site
748:Native Americans in Maryland
682:______. "From the Deep," in
600:Dennis Zotigh (2012-01-10).
412:Catholic Veterans of America
251:ancestry was classified as "
154:Moyaone Indian Burial Ground
108:Billy Redwing Tayac (son) of
7:
755:Historic and present tribes
590:Title III; October 12, 1979
348:communities, including the
317:in France as a part of the
10:
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1094:Shoemaker III Village Site
458:National Historic Landmark
433:—who studied evidence for
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1059:Katcef Archeological Site
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373:Indian Reorganization Act
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1113:Other prehistoric places
813:Piscataway Indian Nation
481:American Indian Movement
321:, originally made up of
221:Internal Revenue Service
219:and also worked for the
136:Charles County, Maryland
16:Native American activist
1223:Native American leaders
982:Prehistoric communities
499:descent in the region.
313:Turkey Tayac fought in
278:Maryland dissolved the
178:Philip Sheridan Proctor
130:Philip Sheridan Proctor
53:more precise citations.
886:Susquehannock language
713:Catholic Encyclopedia
466:National Park Service
406:. Turkey Tayac was a
334:Catholic Encyclopedia
1213:Deaths from leukemia
1135:Old Colony Cove Site
935:Historic communities
863:Historical languages
677:Smithsonian Magazine
394:Cultural reclamation
265:free people of color
1004:Beck Northeast Site
999:Barton Village Site
966:Prehistoric peoples
942:Accokeek Creek Site
901:Present territories
876:Piscataway language
684:New Tribe, New York
640:Rountree, Helen C.
560:The Washington Post
487:and Avery Lewis, a
485:Billy Redwing Tayac
450:Accokeek Creek Site
303:tri-racial isolates
193:Piscataway language
180:(1895–1978), was a
871:Nanticoke language
627:, Volume 15, 1978.
448:, also called the
427:William H. Gilbert
377:blood quantum laws
309:Rise to leadership
1238:Piscataway people
1180:
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1064:Martins Pond Site
1014:Brinsfield I Site
881:Powhatan language
679:, September 2004.
633:Maynor, Malinda.
514:site at Moyaone.
470:Henry G. Ferguson
431:Lucille St. Hoyme
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914:Historic figures
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362:Great Depression
319:Rainbow Division
205:Julian Granberry
121:Personal details
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1160:Other topics
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609:. Retrieved
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201:Ives Goddard
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174:Turkey Tayac
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104:Succeeded by
85:Turkey Tayac
65:
56:
37:
1198:1978 deaths
1193:1895 births
973:Monongahela
926:Indian Will
798:Nacotchtank
327:mustard gas
315:World War I
217:World War I
51:introducing
1218:Herbalists
1187:Categories
1074:Meyer Site
952:Nottingham
947:Caiuctucuc
818:Piscataway
793:Mattawoman
768:Assateague
611:2012-09-23
522:References
400:Bonus Army
227:Background
199:linguist,
197:Algonquian
182:Piscataway
176:, legally
96:Piscataway
59:April 2010
34:references
1049:Hoye Site
853:Yaocomico
803:Nanticoke
354:Nanticoke
288:mulattoes
241:the South
1172:We-Sorts
848:Tockwogh
833:Powhatan
828:Potapoco
823:Pocomoke
808:Patuxent
778:Choptank
773:Chaptico
763:Accokeek
689:______.
661:______.
504:leukemia
358:Powhatan
299:We-sorts
292:Catholic
189:activism
158:Accokeek
838:Shawnee
693:, 2003
512:ossuary
446:Moyaone
284:mulatto
269:mulatto
259:," or "
257:mulatto
249:African
47:improve
788:Lumbee
586:
452:. The
429:, and
356:, and
350:Lumbee
211:Career
98:leader
36:, but
584:Stat.
273:black
271:, or
267:, or
261:black
253:negro
783:Doeg
489:Pima
364:and
255:," "
145:1978
142:Died
133:1895
126:Born
588:665
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604:.
539:^
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