82:
20:
690:
1703:
104:, so Abram tells her to say she is his sister. They are eventually summoned to meet the pharaoh, but God sends plagues against the pharaoh because of his intention to marry Sarai. After discovering that Sarai is Abram's wife, he releases her and orders Abram to take his belongings and return to Canaan. Abd al-Husayn Tayyib claimed this Pharaoh was
223:
Most scholars do not recognize the biblical portrayal of the Exodus as an actual historical event, Most modern scholars believe that some elements in the story of the Exodus might have some historical basis, but that any such basis has little resemblance to the story told in the
Pentateuch. However,
748:
account are believed to have taken place in 701 BC, whereas
Taharqa came to the throne some ten years later. A number of explanations have been proposed: one being that the title of king in the Biblical text refers to his future royal title, when at the time of this account he was likely only a
215:. Miriam asks the princess if she would like an Israelite woman to help nurse the child and returns with Moses' own mother, who is then able to raise her child under royal protection. Later, Moses is returned to the pharaoh's daughter and raised as part of the royal household.
235:
has argued that the Exodus should be placed between the 24th and the 21st century BC and that Pepi I should be identified as the pharaoh of the Exodus. This theory has not gained acceptance and has received strong criticism from
Israeli archaeologist
334:) before becoming pharaoh herself. Edersheim states that Thutmose II is the only pharaoh's mummy to display cysts, possible evidence of plagues that spread through the Egyptian and Hittite Empires at that time.
412:
mentions two conquered peoples who came to "make obeisance to him" in his city of
Raameses or Pi-Ramesses, the text mentions neither the building of the city nor, as some have written, the Israelites or
572:. However, he became Pharaoh not long after, and Tutankhamun died too young to have left any marriageable daughters. In any case, Rohl's claim has been turned down by the vast majority of Egyptologists.
1690:
Solomon and
Shishak: Current perspectives from archaeology, epigraphy, history and chronology; proceedings of the third BICANE colloquium held at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge 26–27 March, 2011,
1621:
Solomon and
Shishak: Current perspectives from archaeology, epigraphy, history and chronology; proceedings of the third BICANE colloquium held at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge 26–27 March, 2011,
322:
that
Thutmose II is best qualified to be the pharaoh of Exodus based on the fact that he had a brief, prosperous reign and then a sudden collapse with no legitimate son to succeed him. His widow
477:
that
Bakenranef (whom he refers to as "Bocchoris") had expelled the Jews from Egypt because they suffered from a horrible disease and because he was instructed to do so by an oracle of the god
564:
identified
Horemheb as the Pharaoh who destroyed Gezer and later gave it to Solomon, together with one of his daughters as a wife. When Horemheb took Gezer he was not yet the ruler, but was a
644:
is said to have sent him a letter. No pharaoh of this name is known for the time of Hoshea (about 730 BC), during which Egypt had three dynasties ruling contemporaneously:
340:(ca. 1455–1418 BC) claimed to have brought tens of thousands of slaves from the Levant to Egypt which could be an explanation for the existence of the Israelites in Egypt.
195:, making mortar, and baking bricks. He also issues a decree to kill their newborn males in order to reduce their numbers due to concerns about their growing population (
392:, etc) and because of other lines of contextual evidence. As such, he is often the pharaoh depicted in popular culture narratives of the event (such as the 1956 film
1849:
976:
1692:
edited by Peter J. James, Peter G. van der Veen, and Robert M. Porter. British
Archaeological Reports (International Series) 2732. Oxford: Archaeopress. 61–81.
1623:
edited by Peter J. James, Peter G. van der Veen, and Robert M. Porter. British Archaeological Reports (International Series) 2732. Oxford: Archaeopress. 61–81.
370:(1292–1290 BC): Ahmed Osman identified Ramesses I as the pharaoh of the Exodus in his controversial argument about the identity of the Egyptian official Yuya.
81:
1192:
1658:
Theis, Christoffer (2020). "Contributions to the Vocabulary of the Old Testament: The Connection of the Name סוֹא with Greek Σηγωρ in 2 Kings 17, 4".
600:
dated the destruction of Gezer to the late 10th century rather than earlier, and suggested that its conqueror was Shoshenq I of the 22nd Dynasty.
1804:
672:(730–715 BC) who ruled from Tanis, though it is possible that the biblical writer has mistaken the king with his city and equated So with
1872:
1389:"On the Historicity of the Exodus: What Egyptology Today Can Contribute to Assessing the Biblical Account of the Sojourn in Egypt"
1527:
534:
524:
1926:
1884:
1861:
1838:
1747:
1600:
1560:
1443:
1400:
1371:
1087:
1039:
1950:
272:
King Dedumose II the pharaoh of the Exodus. Rohl's revision has been turned down by the vast majority of Egyptologists.
265:
68:, as well as several later named pharaohs, some of whom were historical or can be identified with historical pharaohs.
207:, is saved by his mother who instructs his sister Miriam to watch over him after he is placed in a reed basket in the
1903:
1536:
1315:
1296:
1233:
988:
886:
394:
597:
1945:
1287:
1178:
1168:
661:
645:
429:
212:
27:
514:". It is unclear which pharaoh this could be, since no pharaoh named Ramses had a predecessor named Amenophis.
1433:
653:
139:, and later given permission to bring his father, his brothers, and their families into Egypt to live in the
360:
priest of Akhenaten who was forced to leave Egypt, along with his followers, following the pharaoh's death.
1057:"Raider of the Lost Mountain—An Israeli Archaeologist Looks at the Most Recent Attempt to Locate Mt. Sinai"
376:(c. 1279–1213 BC): Ramesses II, or Ramesses the Great, is the most common figure for the Exodus pharaoh as
364:
identified the pharaoh of the Exodus with a king called "Acencheres", who may be identified with Akenhaten.
510:, state that the Jews were expelled from Egypt by a pharaoh named "Ramses", son of another pharaoh named "
187:
under a new pharaoh who oppresses the Hebrews. He forces them to work long hours, which includes building
1342:
1061:
1210:
1327:
269:
1483:
1810:
482:
308:
identified the Jews with the Hyksos and identified the pharaoh of the Exodus with Queen Hatshepsut.
1721:
503:
1056:
136:
1787:
1771:
268:
by almost 300 years. As a result, the synchronisms with the biblical narrative results in the
1914:
1783:
1716:
1388:
1154:
795:
586:
261:
128:
31:
1919:
Israel's Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archaeology, Culture, and Geoscience
1831:
Israel's Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archaeology, Culture, and Geoscience
1737:
1393:
Israel's Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archaeology, Culture, and Geoscience
1127:
633:(943–922 BC), whose military campaign in the Levant is attested in some of his inscriptions.
1224:
805:
348:
152:
163:. Other scholars generally reject Osman's claims. David Rohl argued that this pharaoh was
8:
1309:
Early Israelites: Two Peoples, One History: Rediscovery of the Origins of Biblical Israel
825:
626:
473:
400:
135:, is sold by his brothers into Egyptian slavery, promoted by another unnamed pharaoh to
934:
241:
237:
1922:
1899:
1880:
1857:
1834:
1763:
1743:
1596:
1556:
1532:
1439:
1396:
1367:
1311:
1292:
1229:
1174:
1083:
1035:
984:
882:
875:
707:
450:
196:
1686:
Shoshenq I and biblical Šîšaq: A philological defense of their traditional equation
1667:
1617:
Shoshenq I and biblical Šîšaq: A philological defense of their traditional equation
926:
315:
305:
1360:
Shanks, Hershel; Dever, William G.; Halpern, Baruch; McCarter, Peter Kyle (1992).
1550:
1522:
1361:
1077:
1029:
120:
46:
1712:
1685:
1616:
790:
785:
768:
711:
610:
546:
458:
454:
279:
256:
232:
184:
180:
140:
113:
61:
1671:
729:
715:
614:
530:
385:
381:
100:. Abram worries that the unnamed pharaoh will kill him and take away his wife
89:
1939:
1707:
1577:
733:
549:). No name is given for the pharaoh, and some hypotheses have been proposed:
491:
389:
353:
286:, rulers of Asiatic (Semitic) origin, as the pharaoh of the Exodus, based on
228:
164:
124:
116:
IV. Rohl's claim has been turned down by the vast majority of Egyptologists.
1782:
The Holy Bible, According to the Authorized Version (A.D. 1611). Edited by
1767:
637:
581:
446:
440:
424:
337:
331:
327:
298:
and other classical authors’ identification of the Hyksos with the Hebrews.
171:. Rohl's claim has been turned down by the vast majority of Egyptologists.
1079:
Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition
19:
737:
665:
657:
569:
373:
311:
247:
192:
156:
1854:
Giving the sense: understanding and using Old Testament historical texts
1706: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1593:
On the Skirts of Canaan in the Iron Age(Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta)
938:
910:
669:
630:
593:
578:(c. 986–967 BC): is the most commonly proposed candidate for this role.
557:
464:
367:
323:
301:
251:
144:
109:
23:
1917:. In Levy, Thomas E.; Schneider, Thomas; Propp, William H. C. (eds.).
1531:. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids and Cambridge.
1391:. In Levy, Thomas E.; Schneider, Thomas; Propp, William H. C. (eds.).
750:
703:
622:
565:
533:, it is narrated that to seal an alliance, the pharaoh of Egypt gave
511:
436:
420:
409:
343:
287:
224:
various Pharaohs have been proposed as contemporary with the Exodus:
1826:
930:
1497:
800:
760:
745:
741:
689:
677:
553:
486:
361:
295:
275:
183:, the Israelites—the descendants of Jacob's sons—are living in the
1829:. In Thomas E. Levy; Thomas Schneider; William H.C. Propp (eds.).
754:
721:
699:
618:
538:
499:
468:
357:
291:
105:
93:
42:
772:
641:
575:
414:
283:
204:
188:
148:
97:
85:
Joseph presenting his father and brethren to the Pharaoh (1896)
981:
The Book of Exodus: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation
698:
Shoshenq I (see above): Generally identified with the pharaoh
979:. In Dozeman, Thomas; Evans, Craig A.; Lohr, Joel N. (eds.).
764:
649:
542:
405:
200:
168:
132:
108:, while Al-Maqrizi regards his name as "Tutis". Egyptologist
101:
65:
38:
1850:"The Divided Monarchy: Sources, Approaches, and Historicity"
495:, also identifies the pharaoh of the Exodus with Bakenranef.
64:. These include unnamed pharaohs in events described in the
673:
478:
433:
makes a case for Merneptah to be the pharaoh of the Exodus.
208:
160:
1827:"The Emergence of Iron Age Israel: On Origins and Habitus"
1359:
461:
make a case for Ramesses III as the pharaoh of the Exodus.
443:
make a case for Setnakhte to be the pharaoh of the Exodus.
282:
identified Ahmose I, who reconquered lower Egypt from the
1484:"ANE - Solomon taking an Egyptian wife (to David Lorton)"
763:(610–595 BC): Necho is mentioned in several books of the
1343:"The Pharaoh of the Exodus – Rameses III – TheTorah.com"
1193:"Amenhotep II and the Historicity of the Exodus Pharaoh"
1250:
668:. Nevertheless, this ruler is commonly identified with
30:
and the earliest Biblical figure to be attested in the
1009:
1852:. In Grisanti, Michael A.; Howard, David M. (eds.).
1268:
Stephen L. Caiger, "Archaeological Fact and Fancy,"
1238:
997:
1128:"IBSS – Biblical Archaeology – Date of the Exodus"
874:
1134:. Institute for Biblical & Scientific Studies
1937:
96:moving to Egypt to escape a period of famine in
1575:
1498:"The Bible Chronology from Solomon to Hezekiah"
693:Taharqa offering to Falcon-god Hemen (close-up)
404:). Although Ramesses II's late 13th century BC
380:is mentioned in the Bible as a place name (see
1213:. Armstrong Institute of Biblical Archaeology.
881:. New York: Harper & Row. pp. 14–15.
1190:
1082:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 126.
159:and identified Joseph as the Egyptian figure
1806:Journal of Ancient and Medieval Studies XIII
1595:. Leuven, Belgium: Peeters. pp. 96–97.
541:. The same ruler later captured the city of
167:and identified Joseph as the Egyptian vizer
1879:. Oxford University Press. pp. 58–89.
1711:
1054:
211:River. He is discovered and adopted by the
199:briefly try to prevent this, to no avail).
1873:"Bitter Lives: Israel In And Out of Egypt"
1803:Bennett, Chris (1996). "Temporal Fugues".
1742:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 16.
1648:, Thames & Hudson, (2006), pp. 182–183
1427:
1425:
1847:
1632:
1481:
1075:
736:as a king of Kush, who waged war against
218:
76:
1877:The Oxford History of the Biblical World
1870:
1590:
1015:
688:
518:
439:(c. 1189–1186 BC): Igor P. Lipovsky and
174:
80:
18:
1802:
1739:On the Reliability of the Old Testament
1735:
1528:On the Reliability of the Old Testament
1470:
1431:
1422:
1114:
963:
913:The Stranger in the Valley of the Kings
908:
861:
767:(2 Kings, 2 Chronicles, and Jeremiah).
604:
1938:
1912:
1386:
1328:"Exodus: The History Behind the Story"
1256:
974:
826:"Egyptian Pharaohs / List of pharaohs"
684:
617:sqq. tell of an invasion of Israel by
1824:
1657:
1548:
1340:
1244:
1027:
1003:
872:
1893:
1458:
1211:"Who Was the Pharaoh of the Exodus?"
1102:
1055:Finkelstein, Israel (14 July 1988).
951:
849:
636:"So, King of Egypt" is mentioned in
525:Pharaoh's daughter (wife of Solomon)
1762:Encyclopædia britannica. Edited by
1199:. Associates for Biblical Research.
877:Stranger in the Valley of the Kings
71:
50:
13:
1291:, Random House, 1981, p. 130–131,
1173:, originally published 1876–1887,
1125:
629:. He is generally identified with
266:Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
14:
1962:
1715:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
1552:Has Archaeology Buried the Bible?
1725:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1701:
1576:Gabriel Oussani (July 1, 1912).
1549:Dever, William G. (2020-08-18).
1366:. Biblical Archaeology Society.
545:and gave it to Solomon as well (
1875:. In Coogan, Michael D. (ed.).
1796:
1776:
1756:
1729:
1695:
1678:
1651:
1638:
1626:
1609:
1584:
1569:
1542:
1516:
1490:
1475:
1464:
1452:
1409:
1380:
1353:
1334:
1320:
1301:
1279:
1262:
1217:
1203:
1184:
1161:
1146:
1119:
1108:
1096:
1069:
1048:
1021:
590:sees him as the best candidate.
155:proposed that this pharaoh was
16:Pharaohs mentioned in the Bible
1848:Patterson, Richard D. (2003).
1684:Troy Leiland Sagrillo. 2015. "
1615:Troy Leiland Sagrillo. 2015. "
1555:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
968:
957:
945:
902:
866:
855:
843:
818:
702:, who is described as raiding
356:argued that Moses had been an
326:then became first regent (for
28:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
1:
811:
506:, both quoted by Josephus in
112:argued that this pharaoh was
1921:. Springer. pp. 55–64.
1913:Geraty, Lawrence T. (2015).
1871:Redmount, Carol A. (2001) .
1736:Kitchen, Kenneth A. (2006).
1580:. The Catholic Encyclopedia.
1438:. Harvard University Press.
1395:. Springer. pp. 17–37.
1076:Hoffmeier, James K. (1999).
771:also mentions his successor
744:of Judah. The events in the
724:(690–664 BC): Identified as
346:(1353–1349 BC). In his book
260:revised Egyptian history by
7:
1951:Unnamed people of the Bible
1915:"Exodus Dates and Theories"
1432:Assmann, Jan (2009-06-30).
1288:Asimov's Guide to the Bible
1170:Old Testament Bible History
1062:Biblical Archaeology Review
919:The Jewish Quarterly Review
779:
621:, and a subsequent raid of
398:and the 1998 animated film
330:, his son by his concubine
320:Old Testament Bible History
41:makes reference to various
10:
1967:
1363:The Rise of Ancient Israel
522:
270:Second Intermediate Period
240:and American Egyptologist
119:The final chapters of the
1672:10.2143/BIB.101.1.3287517
1646:Chronicle of The Pharaohs
1591:Lipinski, Edward (2006).
983:. BRILL. pp. 61–87.
909:Sweeney, Deborah (1992).
740:during the reign of King
51:
26:(centre), founder of the
1387:Bietak, Manfred (2015).
1031:Esodo. Tra mito e storia
1028:Anati, Emmanuel (2016).
676:, at this time ruled by
483:Lysimachus of Alexandria
278:(1550–1525 BC): Several
231:(24th–23rd century BC):
1825:Faust, Avraham (2015).
1722:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1132:www.bibleandscience.com
1034:(in Italian). Atelier.
975:Grabbe, Lester (2014).
504:Chaeremon of Alexandria
1270:Biblical Archaeologist
728:, who is described in
694:
219:Hypotheses on identity
86:
77:In the Book of Genesis
34:
1946:Pharaohs in the Bible
1784:Frederic Charles Cook
1419:, Book V, Paragraph 3
1155:Bibliotheca historica
873:Osman, Ahmed (1987).
796:New Chronology (Rohl)
692:
587:Catholic Encyclopedia
584:(c. 967–943 BC): the
519:In the Books of Kings
175:In the Book of Exodus
84:
32:archaeological record
22:
1894:Rohl, David (1995).
1225:Moses and Monotheism
1197:biblearchaeology.org
977:"Exodus and History"
806:Thrasyllus of Mendes
605:Conjectural pharaohs
395:The Ten Commandments
349:Moses and Monotheism
1191:Douglas Petrovich.
1126:Meyers, Stephen C.
685:Historical pharaohs
556:(c. 1319–1292 BC):
449:(c. 1186–1155 BC):
423:(c. 1213–1203 BC):
401:The Prince of Egypt
250:(died c. 1690 BC):
1635:, pp. 196–197
1461:, pp. 341–348
1435:Moses the Egyptian
1307:Igor P. Lipovsky,
1152:Diodorus Siculus,
1105:, pp. 341–348
954:, pp. 341–348
941:– via JSTOR.
852:, pp. 341–348
751:military commander
695:
566:military commander
430:Guide to the Bible
242:James K. Hoffmeier
238:Israel Finkelstein
213:pharaoh's daughter
87:
35:
1928:978-3-319-04768-3
1886:978-0-19-988148-2
1863:978-0-8254-2892-0
1840:978-3-319-04768-3
1764:Colin MacFarquhar
1749:978-0-8028-0396-2
1644:Peter A Clayton:
1602:978-90-429-1798-9
1562:978-1-4674-5949-5
1445:978-0-674-02030-6
1402:978-3-319-04768-3
1373:978-1-880317-07-5
1341:Rendsburg, Gary.
1259:, pp. 58–59.
1089:978-0-19-513088-1
1041:978-88-98284-24-5
716:2 Chronicles 12:2
708:Temple of Solomon
627:Temple of Solomon
615:2 Chronicles 12:2
596:(c. 943–922 BC):
467:(c. 725–720 BC):
451:Gary A. Rendsburg
197:Shiphrah and Puah
1958:
1932:
1909:
1890:
1867:
1844:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1809:. Archived from
1790:
1780:
1774:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1682:
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1675:
1655:
1649:
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1636:
1630:
1624:
1613:
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1606:
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1581:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1546:
1540:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1504:. CanBooks. 1935
1494:
1488:
1487:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1429:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1347:www.thetorah.com
1338:
1332:
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1025:
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1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
994:
972:
966:
961:
955:
949:
943:
942:
925:(3/4): 575–579.
906:
900:
899:
897:
895:
880:
870:
864:
859:
853:
847:
841:
840:
838:
837:
822:
316:Alfred Edersheim
314:(1493–1479 BC).
306:Diodorus Siculus
304:(1507–1458 BC).
90:Genesis 12:10–20
72:Unnamed pharaohs
55:
53:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1906:
1887:
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1713:Singer, Isidore
1702:
1700:
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1679:
1656:
1652:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1589:
1585:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1523:Kenneth Kitchen
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1482:Brian Roberts.
1480:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1446:
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1423:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1385:
1381:
1374:
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1321:
1306:
1302:
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1280:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1189:
1185:
1167:Edersheim, A.,
1166:
1162:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1074:
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1022:
1014:
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1002:
998:
991:
973:
969:
962:
958:
950:
946:
931:10.2307/1454900
907:
903:
893:
891:
889:
871:
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833:
830:www.askislam.ir
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814:
782:
687:
607:
598:Edward Lipiński
537:in marriage to
527:
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221:
177:
137:vizier of Egypt
121:Book of Genesis
79:
74:
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12:
11:
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1964:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1934:
1933:
1927:
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1896:A Test of Time
1891:
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1862:
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1822:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1775:
1755:
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1694:
1677:
1666:(1): 107–113.
1650:
1637:
1633:Patterson 2003
1625:
1608:
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1583:
1568:
1561:
1541:
1515:
1489:
1474:
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1451:
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1379:
1372:
1352:
1333:
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1300:
1285:Isaac Asimov,
1278:
1261:
1249:
1247:, p. 119.
1237:
1216:
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1183:
1160:
1145:
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1107:
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1006:, p. 476.
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769:Jeremiah 44:30
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562:A Test of Time
523:Main article:
520:
517:
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515:
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496:
471:writes in his
462:
459:Manfred Bietak
455:Baruch Halpern
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434:
418:
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341:
335:
309:
299:
280:church fathers
273:
257:A Test of Time
245:
233:Emmanuel Anati
220:
217:
185:Land of Goshen
181:Book of Exodus
176:
173:
147:around modern
141:Land of Goshen
114:Nebkaure Khety
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1813:on 2018-07-16
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1708:public domain
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1017:
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712:1 Kings 11:40
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639:
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611:1 Kings 11:40
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508:Against Apion
505:
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492:Against Apion
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382:Genesis 47:11
379:
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355:
354:Sigmund Freud
351:
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165:Amenemhat III
162:
158:
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142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:Genesis 37–50
122:
117:
115:
111:
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103:
99:
95:
91:
83:
69:
67:
63:
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48:
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40:
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25:
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1895:
1876:
1853:
1833:. Springer.
1830:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:the original
1805:
1797:Bibliography
1778:
1768:George Gleig
1758:
1738:
1731:
1720:
1697:
1689:
1680:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1628:
1620:
1611:
1592:
1586:
1571:
1551:
1544:
1526:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1502:nabataea.net
1501:
1492:
1477:
1471:Bennett 1996
1466:
1454:
1434:
1416:
1411:
1392:
1382:
1362:
1355:
1346:
1336:
1322:
1308:
1303:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1223:
1219:
1205:
1196:
1186:
1169:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1131:
1121:
1115:Bennett 1996
1110:
1098:
1078:
1071:
1060:
1050:
1030:
1023:
1011:
999:
980:
970:
964:Bennett 1996
959:
947:
922:
918:
912:
904:
892:. Retrieved
876:
868:
862:Bennett 1996
857:
845:
834:. Retrieved
832:. 2018-01-10
829:
820:
730:2 Kings 19:9
725:
638:2 Kings 17:4
585:
582:Psusennes II
561:
547:1 Kings 9:16
528:
507:
490:
485:, quoted by
472:
447:Ramesses III
441:Israel Knohl
428:
425:Isaac Asimov
399:
393:
390:Numbers 33:3
377:
347:
338:Amenhotep II
328:Thutmose III
319:
318:proposes in
255:
222:
178:
118:
88:
57:
36:
1257:Geraty 2015
911:"Review of
738:Sennacherib
734:Isaiah 37:9
658:Leontopolis
570:Tutankhamun
531:1 Kings 3:1
386:Exodus 1:11
374:Ramesses II
312:Thutmose II
248:Dedumose II
157:Thutmose IV
153:Ahmed Osman
127:) tell how
1940:Categories
1856:. Kregel.
1817:2011-11-03
1717:"Tirhakah"
1245:Osman 1987
1179:156563165X
1004:Faust 2015
836:2024-03-21
812:References
670:Osorkon IV
631:Shoshenq I
594:Shoshenq I
558:David Rohl
535:a daughter
465:Bakenranef
368:Ramesses I
324:Hatshepsut
302:Hatshepsut
262:shortening
252:David Rohl
151:). Author
145:Nile Delta
110:David Rohl
24:Shoshenq I
1898:. Arrow.
1578:"Solomon"
1539:, p. 108.
1459:Rohl 1995
1417:Histories
1415:Tacitus,
1103:Rohl 1995
952:Rohl 1995
850:Rohl 1995
704:Jerusalem
623:Jerusalem
512:Amenophis
474:Histories
437:Setnakhte
421:Merneptah
410:Beth Shan
344:Akhenaten
288:Herodotus
143:(eastern
131:, son of
92:tells of
1525:(2003),
1508:13 April
1276:, 1946).
1181:, p. 134
1158:, Book 1
1138:13 April
894:July 28,
801:Shiphrah
780:See also
761:Necho II
746:biblical
742:Hezekiah
706:and the
678:Tefnakht
625:and the
560:'s 1995
554:Horemheb
487:Josephus
362:Eusebius
296:Josephus
276:Ahmose I
254:'s 1995
52:פַּרְעֹה
43:pharaohs
1710::
1660:Biblica
939:1454900
755:Shabaka
726:Tirhaqa
722:Taharqa
700:Shishak
619:Shishak
539:Solomon
500:Manetho
469:Tacitus
378:Rameses
358:Atenist
292:Manetho
179:In the
106:Sanakht
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1902:
1883:
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773:Apries
660:, and
642:Hoshea
576:Siamun
415:Hapiru
284:Hyksos
229:Pepi I
205:Levite
193:Ramses
189:Pithom
129:Joseph
98:Canaan
47:Hebrew
935:JSTOR
765:Bible
650:Tanis
543:Gezer
406:stela
201:Moses
169:Ankhu
149:Faqus
133:Jacob
102:Sarai
94:Abram
66:Torah
62:Egypt
60:) of
58:Parʿō
39:Bible
1923:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1788:p131
1772:p785
1744:ISBN
1597:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1510:2017
1440:ISBN
1397:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1230:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1140:2017
1084:ISBN
1036:ISBN
985:ISBN
896:2022
883:ISBN
732:and
718:sqq.
714:and
674:Sais
666:Sais
662:24th
654:23rd
646:22nd
613:and
502:and
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457:and
332:Iset
264:the
209:Nile
203:, a
191:and
161:Yuya
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