1254:
36:
1055:
1230:
919:
964:
1242:
1096:
1266:
1075:
to determine his reign length. Of all of
Thutmose IV's dated monuments, three date to his first regnal year, one to his fourth, possibly one to his fifth, one to his sixth, two to his seventh, and one to his eighth. Two other dated objects, one dated to a Year 19 and another year 20, have been suggested as possibly belonging to him, but neither have been accepted as dating to his reign. The readings of the king's name in these dates are today accepted as referring to the prenomen of
1148:
1088:
1039:
718:
668:
587:
535:
208:
1079:—Menkheperre—and not Menkhepere Thutmose IV himself. Due to the absence of higher dates for Thutmose IV after his Year 8 Konosso stela, Manetho's figures here are usually accepted. There were once chronological reconstructions which gave him a reign as long as 34–35 years. Today, however, most scholars ascribe him a 10-year reign from 1401 to 1392 BC, within a small margin of error.
1071:, Thutmose IV's father, took the throne and ruled for at least 26 years but has been assigned up to 35 years in some chronological reconstructions. The currently preferred reconstruction, after analyzing all this evidence, usually comes to an accession date around 1401 BC or 1400 BC for the beginning of Thutmose IV's reign.
1134:
Thutmose IV also built a unique chapel and peristyle hall against the back or eastern walls of the main Karnak temple building. The chapel was intended for people "who had no right of access to the main temple. It was a 'place of the ear' for the god Amun where the god could hear the prayers of the
1062:
Dating the beginning of the reign of
Thutmose IV is difficult to do with certainty because he is several generations removed from the astronomical dates which are usually used to calculate Egyptian chronologies, and the debate over the proper interpretation of these observances has not been settled.
1074:
The length of his reign is not clear. He is usually given about nine or ten years of reign. Manetho credits him a reign of 9 years and 8 months. However, Manetho's other figures for the 18th
Dynasty are frequently assigned to the wrong kings or simply incorrect, so monumental evidence is also used
1000:
as the
Conqueror of Syria, but little else has been pieced together about his military exploits. Betsy Bryan, who penned a biography of Thutmose IV, says that Thutmose IV's Konosso stela appears to refer to a minor desert patrol action on the part of the king's forces to protect certain gold-mine
959:
in which the Sphinx told him that if he cleared away the sand and restored it he would become the next pharaoh. After completing the restoration of the Sphinx, he placed a carved stone tablet, now known as the Dream Stele, between the two paws of the Sphinx. The restoration of the Sphinx, and the
1175:
revealed that he was extremely emaciated at the time of his death. His height was given as 1.646 m (5 ft 4.8 in) but considering that the feet have been broken off post-mortem, his height in life would have been taller. The forearms are crossed over the chest, right over left. His
1187:
conducted X-ray examinations of New
Kingdom Pharaoh's crania and skeletal remains, which included the mummified remains of Thutmose IV. The authors noted royal mummies like Thutmose IV showed features characteristic of North Mediterranean populations, or the Western World.
954:
and subsequent commission of the Dream Stele. According to
Thutmose's account on the Dream Stele, while the young prince was out on a hunting trip, he stopped to rest under the head of the Sphinx, which was buried up to the neck in sand. He soon fell asleep and had a
1253:
35:
1054:
1176:
hair, which is parted in the middle, is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long and dark reddish-brown. His ears are also pierced. Elliot Smith estimated his age to be 25–28 years or possibly older. He was succeeded to the throne by his son,
1029:, my grandfather, he asked for the daughter of my grandfather, the sister of my father. He wrote 5, 6 times, but he did not give her. When he wrote my grandfather 7 times, then only under such pressure, did he give her. (EA 29)
1229:
1203:. This would account for both the untimely death of Thutmose IV and also his religious vision described on the Dream Stele, due to this type of epilepsy's association with intense spiritual visions and religiosity.
1058:
Fragment of a crudely carved limestone stela showing king
Thutmose IV adoring a goddess (probably Astarte). From Thebes, Egypt. 18th Dynasty. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
1799:
1191:
In 2012 a surgeon at
Imperial College London analysed the early death of Thutmose IV and the premature deaths of other Eighteenth Dynasty pharaohs (including
922:
Close-up of a scene from the Dream Stele depicting
Thutmose IV giving offerings to the Great Sphinx of Giza. From a full-sized reproduction on display at the
1067:
almost certainly acceded the throne in either 1504 or 1479, based upon two lunar observances during his reign, and ruled for nearly 54 years. His successor
5485:
1005:
and married a
Mitannian princess to seal this new alliance. Thutmose IV's role in initiating contact with Egypt's former rival, Mitanni, is documented by
1001:
routes in Egypt's Eastern Desert from occasional attacks by the Nubians. Thutmose IV's rule is significant because he established peaceful relations with
5386:
227:
1355:
1769:
1135:
townspeople." This small alabaster chapel and peristyle hall of Thutmose IV has today been carefully restored by French scholars from the
960:
text of the Dream Stele would then be a piece of propaganda on Thutmose's part, meant to bestow legitimacy upon his unexpected kingship.
474:
942:, but was not actually the crown prince and Amenhotep II's chosen successor to the throne. Some scholars speculate that Thutmose ousted
1241:
1866:
5401:
5396:
1211:
5376:
5371:
913:
418:
692:
689:
645:
513:
431:
424:
318:
313:
301:
298:
295:
270:
183:
171:
5381:
695:
561:
434:
429:
427:
421:
353:
310:
307:
177:
558:
556:
5361:
1876:
648:
564:
516:
439:
438:
436:
393:
316:
304:
185:
180:
174:
169:
140:
100:
5391:
5366:
5356:
3136:
2924:
918:
5345:
4106:
3822:
2690:
1950:
1924:
978:
963:
5495:
5490:
5480:
5475:
1839:
1644:
5411:
950:
in order to justify his unexpected kingship. Thutmose's most celebrated accomplishment was the restoration of the
5470:
5465:
4598:
606:
91:
4648:
4375:
4231:
1668:
1207:
772:
1265:
1115:, which, at 32 m (105 ft), was the tallest obelisk ever erected in Egypt. Thutmose IV called it the
4944:
4734:
4666:
4531:
4398:
4308:
4121:
2239:
4516:
4453:
3736:
1899:
C.N. Reeves, Tuthmosis IV as 'great-grandfather' of Tut῾ankhamun, in: Göttinger Miszellen 56 (1982), 65-69.
4877:
3986:
3898:
3383:
3160:
3151:
923:
881:
841:
4706:
4039:
3776:
3603:
3535:
2117:
1215:
5227:
2998:
1684:
Ashrafian, Hutan. (2012). "Familial epilepsy in the pharaohs of ancient Egypt's eighteenth dynasty".
1496:
Jürgen von Beckerath, Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, (1997) p.190
865:
1095:
3072:
2843:
2705:
1282:
1259:
Bracer of Pharaoh Thutmose IV. From Amarna, House P 48.1, Egypt. 1397-1388 BC. Neues Museum, Berlin
885:
746:
633:
501:
4912:
4827:
4804:
3121:
2983:
2920:
2709:
2509:
2325:
788:
1119:
or 'unique obelisk.' It was transported to the grounds of the Circus Maximus in Rome by Emperor
1103:
Like most of the Thutmoside kings, he built on a grand scale. Thutmose IV completed the eastern
5416:
5406:
4954:
4933:
4852:
3766:
3626:
3236:
2870:
2830:
2624:
2566:
2450:
2254:
1917:
1200:
5426:
4902:
4867:
4847:
4837:
4799:
3399:
3303:
2657:
780:
5460:
5421:
4927:
4882:
4255:
3883:
3818:
3671:
3666:
3373:
3368:
3221:
2647:
2435:
2314:
1172:
951:
927:
8:
4917:
4892:
4857:
4794:
4169:
4144:
3348:
3343:
2767:
2198:
1160:
57:
1206:
His mummy has the inventory number CG 61073. In April 2021 his mummy was moved from the
996:
in his 8th year (attested in his Konosso stela) around 1393 BC and was referred to in a
5207:
5194:
4771:
3781:
3353:
3328:
2395:
2170:
1709:
943:
1729:"Identifications of ancient Egyptian royal mummies from the 18th Dynasty reconsidered"
1614:
1047:
5262:
5241:
5135:
5102:
4814:
4149:
3771:
3651:
3273:
3201:
2859:
2662:
2652:
2584:
1910:
1872:
1835:
1828:
1750:
1701:
1664:
1640:
1713:
5441:
5268:
5096:
4862:
4616:
4199:
3496:
3392:
3333:
2757:
2737:
1740:
1693:
1433:
5213:
5183:
5142:
5078:
4822:
4752:
4622:
3961:
3616:
3338:
2732:
2370:
2338:
2177:
1854:
1235:
Head of a colossal statue of Thutmose IV, currently housed in the British Museum.
1184:
1128:
992:
Little is known about his brief ten-year rule. He suppressed a minor uprising in
776:
2919:
1697:
5309:
5107:
5068:
4786:
4742:
4611:
3695:
3621:
3451:
3323:
3283:
3031:
2883:
2848:
2838:
2772:
2727:
2609:
2604:
2184:
2163:
2129:
1770:"22 Ancient Pharaohs Have Been Carried Across Cairo in an Epic 'Golden Parade'"
1120:
986:
888:, who ruled in approximately the 14th century BC. His prenomen or royal name,
5454:
4988:
4887:
4719:
4689:
4365:
4220:
4077:
3946:
3786:
3761:
3711:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3298:
3105:
3036:
3026:
2888:
2642:
2390:
2333:
2286:
2123:
2082:
1849:
1177:
1124:
1022:
1006:
982:
764:
82:
5073:
4907:
4897:
4872:
4724:
4674:
4633:
4359:
4271:
4159:
4072:
4052:
3971:
3936:
3931:
3817:
3756:
3466:
3288:
3278:
3241:
3196:
3110:
3100:
3090:
3006:
2722:
2599:
2408:
2349:
2209:
2156:
2061:
1754:
1705:
1168:
1112:
1076:
1068:
1064:
935:
893:
798:
72:
1571:
Wente, E.F.; and Van Siclen, C. "A Chronology of the New Kingdom." SAOC 39
1147:
662:
529:
381:
258:
128:
5177:
5122:
4973:
4922:
4842:
4714:
4606:
4588:
4546:
4457:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4292:
4276:
4249:
4214:
4204:
4139:
4092:
4082:
4067:
4057:
4004:
3966:
3921:
3911:
3677:
3661:
3636:
3631:
3431:
3358:
3268:
3251:
3206:
3181:
3115:
3095:
3080:
3062:
2792:
2787:
2594:
2421:
2401:
2215:
2149:
2140:
2024:
1192:
947:
1580:
Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, Blackwell Books, 1992. p.303
5294:
5248:
5201:
5156:
5128:
4949:
4832:
4757:
4684:
4573:
4388:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4298:
4286:
4266:
4239:
4209:
4189:
4134:
4087:
4062:
3994:
3956:
3926:
3916:
3656:
3456:
3446:
3216:
3211:
3176:
3085:
3057:
2878:
2782:
2777:
2762:
2747:
2555:
2549:
2463:
2191:
2009:
1946:
1745:
1728:
1214:
along with those of 17 other kings and 4 queens in an event termed the
1026:
1804:(in German). Berlin: Münchner Ägyptologische Studien. pp. 228–229
5234:
5149:
5112:
5038:
5032:
4959:
4939:
4656:
4638:
4583:
4563:
4426:
4261:
4244:
4194:
4047:
4014:
4009:
3951:
3750:
3571:
3524:
3476:
3436:
3413:
3186:
3052:
3021:
2675:
2589:
2415:
2296:
2033:
1199:). He concludes that their early deaths were likely as a result of a
1196:
1014:
1010:
901:
754:
5304:
5299:
5288:
5255:
5170:
5163:
5117:
5089:
5083:
5048:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4628:
4568:
4411:
4383:
3976:
3906:
3718:
3704:
3684:
3646:
3558:
3503:
3461:
3293:
3263:
3226:
3171:
3016:
2893:
2798:
2742:
2637:
2544:
2538:
2527:
2493:
2377:
2363:
2356:
2343:
2307:
2047:
1474:
p.119. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr., 1966)
1127:
in 1588 at the Piazza San Giovanni" where it is today known as the
1043:
784:
41:
20:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1087:
5281:
5220:
5063:
4747:
4558:
4552:
4540:
4421:
4416:
4353:
4332:
4177:
4129:
4029:
4019:
3744:
3641:
3611:
3593:
3582:
3565:
3517:
3510:
3441:
3363:
3011:
2819:
2805:
2717:
2668:
2574:
2517:
2468:
2301:
2291:
2271:
2204:
2054:
1933:
1104:
1002:
969:
877:
50:
1945:
1663:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1980. pp. 207–208.
1487:
Ed. Donald Redford. Vol. 1, p.71. Oxford University Press, 2001.
1436:, The Amarna Letters, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. p.93
5188:
5058:
4695:
4578:
4183:
4154:
4024:
3999:
3791:
3725:
3551:
3544:
3471:
3426:
3420:
3246:
3166:
2752:
2579:
2532:
2486:
2458:
2384:
2262:
2221:
2103:
2068:
2040:
1295:
1108:
1038:
1017:, Thutmose IV's grandson. Tushratta states to Akhenaten that:
768:
1639:(2000 reprint ed.). Bath, UK: Duckworth. pp. 42–46.
5274:
5053:
5043:
5021:
4679:
3588:
3576:
3489:
3406:
3257:
3191:
2853:
2522:
2480:
2474:
2266:
2225:
2096:
2089:
2075:
1625:
Al-Ahram, Fruitful seasons, 21–27 November 2002, Issue No.613
997:
993:
956:
873:
750:
624:
1461:
p.20. Hildesheimer Ägyptologische Beiträge(HÄB) Verlag: 1987
5026:
5016:
4406:
4281:
3482:
2812:
2632:
2614:
2499:
2281:
2276:
2110:
1902:
1357:
Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, Bd. 1: Verzeichnis der Namen
1164:
1156:
974:
939:
897:
830:
826:
808:
673:
540:
404:
281:
246:
153:
1727:
Habicht, M.E; Bouwman, A.S; Rühli, F.J (25 January 2016).
3231:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
4452:
1405:
1403:
892:, means "Established in forms is Re." He was the son of
371:
The one great of strength who has repelled the Nine Bows
493:
1316:
1546:
1544:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1400:
1375:
44:. 18th Dynasty. State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich.
1726:
1615:
http://www.cfeetk.cnrs.fr/karnak/?iu=2775&hl=en
1595:
1583:
1415:
1163:but his body was later moved to the mummy cache in
1137:
Centre Franco-Egyptien D'Étude des Temple de Karnak
1853:
1827:
1613:Accessible online in the Karnak project database:
1541:
1529:
1512:
1439:
1171:in 1898. An examination of his mummy conducted by
946:in order to usurp power and then commissioned the
1683:
1013:, a Mittanian king who ruled during the reign of
5452:
1821:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
118:Victorious bull, the (very) image of appearances
1868:The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary
1918:
1797:
1347:
1310:
492:The established one of the manifestations of
1634:
1628:
1033:
5486:Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
1397:, Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1994. pp.113-114
864:in older history works in Latinized Greek;
1925:
1911:
34:
1744:
1485:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt.
1472:The Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
5335:
1864:
1856:Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization
1363:. Glückstadt: J.J. Augustin. p. 408
1341:
1212:National Museum of Egyptian Civilization
1146:
1094:
1086:
1053:
1037:
962:
917:
1825:
1767:
1761:
1720:
1483:Charles C. Van Siclen. "Amenhotep II",
1409:
1381:
914:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree
150:
19:For the name Thutmose (Thutmosis), see
5453:
4482:
3847:
2949:
1975:
1509:p.290. The British Museum Press, 1995.
1099:Thutmose IV's peristyle hall at Karnak
1021:When , the father of Nimmureya (i.e.,
5334:
4451:
3816:
2918:
1944:
1906:
1816:
1550:
1535:
1523:
1459:Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II.
1445:
1421:
1353:
1123:in 357 AD and, later, "re-erected by
900:. Thutmose IV was the grandfather of
4987:
1848:
1801:Handbuch Der Ägyptischen Königsnamen
1601:
1589:
1661:An X-ray atlas of the royal mummies
1142:
981:, during the reign of Thutmose IV,
13:
1893:
1768:Parisse, Emmanuel (5 April 2021).
14:
5507:
1733:Yearbook of Physical Anthropology
1505:Shaw, Ian; and Nicholson, Paul.
1507:The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt.
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1009:EA 29 composed decades later by
716:
666:
585:
533:
206:
40:Head of Thutmose IV wearing the
1677:
1653:
1619:
1607:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1499:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1155:Thutmose IV was buried in tomb
1798:von Beckerath, Jürgen (1984).
1427:
1387:
1208:Museum of Egyptian Antiquities
1:
4945:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
1288:
1167:, where it was discovered by
613:
481:
360:
234:
107:
1932:
1865:Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013).
1139:(CFEETK) mission in Karnak.
1082:
7:
4878:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1834:. Thames & Hudson Ltd.
1698:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.06.014
1276:
1247:Granite bust of Thutmose IV
1091:Thutmose IV's Karnak chapel
924:Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum
365:Weser khepesh, der pedjut 9
10:
5512:
3777:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
3161:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
2925:Second Intermediate Period
1791:
1221:
1201:familial temporal epilepsy
1183:In 1980, James Harris and
911:
707:
681:
676:
637:
576:
548:
543:
505:
475:Prenomen (Praenomen)
449:
410:
407:
385:
328:
287:
284:
262:
197:
161:
156:
132:
18:
5439:
5341:
5330:
5228:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
4972:
4918:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
4813:
4785:
4770:
4733:
4705:
4665:
4647:
4597:
4530:
4515:
4473:
4469:
4447:
4397:
4374:
4307:
4230:
4168:
4120:
4105:
4038:
3985:
3897:
3882:
3838:
3834:
3823:Third Intermediate Period
3812:
3735:
3694:
3602:
3534:
3382:
3150:
3135:
3071:
3045:
2997:
2982:
2940:
2936:
2914:
2869:
2829:
2704:
2689:
2623:
2565:
2508:
2449:
2434:
2324:
2253:
2238:
2139:
2023:
2008:
1966:
1962:
1951:First Intermediate Period
1940:
1830:Chronicle of the Pharaohs
1635:Elliot Smith, G. (1912).
1395:Chronicle of the Pharaohs
1034:Dates and length of reign
837:
822:
814:
804:
794:
760:
742:
680:
612:
605:
547:
480:
473:
409:
359:
352:
286:
233:
226:
160:
106:
99:
88:
78:
68:
56:
49:
33:
28:
5496:Children of Amenhotep II
5491:Ancient Egyptian mummies
5481:14th-century BC pharaohs
5476:15th-century BC pharaohs
4940:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3197:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
1955: (<3150–2040 BC)
1819:The Reign of Thutmose IV
1283:History of Ancient Egypt
1042:Thutmose IV wearing the
934:Thutmose IV was born to
245:Stable of kingship like
4913:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
4828:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
3122:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
1826:Clayton, Peter (1994).
1354:Ranke, Hermann (1935).
1216:Pharaohs' Golden Parade
1063:Thutmose's grandfather
907:
869:
5471:14th-century BC deaths
5466:15th-century BC births
4955:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
4934:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
4928:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
4883:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
4853:Arsinoe III Philopator
3767:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
3237:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
3177:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
2768:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
1271:Chariot of Thutmose IV
1152:
1100:
1092:
1059:
1051:
1031:
989:
973:") tribute bearers in
931:
876:is born") was the 8th
4903:Ptolemy X Alexander I
4868:Ptolemy VI Philometor
4848:Ptolemy IV Philopator
4843:Berenice II Euergetes
4838:Ptolemy III Euergetes
4800:Philip III Arrhidaeus
3309:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
3304:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
2658:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
1817:Bryan, Betsy (1991).
1457:Peter Der Manuelian.
1150:
1098:
1090:
1057:
1041:
1019:
966:
921:
829:; Mummy found in the
5336:Dynastic genealogies
4960:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
4256:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
4170:High Priests of Amun
3672:Merankhre Mentuhotep
3374:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
3369:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
3222:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
2929: (2040–1550 BC)
2648:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
1173:Grafton Elliot Smith
1151:Thutmose IV's mummy.
952:Great Sphinx of Giza
4858:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
4795:Alexander the Great
3827: (1550–664 BC)
3349:Mershepsesre Ini II
3344:Merkawre Sobekhotep
2738:Neferkare IV Khendu
1470:Donald B. Redford.
1313:, pp. 138–141.
1161:Valley of the Kings
852:(sometimes read as
833:(Theban Necropolis)
239:Djed nesyt mi itemu
5195:Trebonianus Gallus
3782:Senakhtenre Ahmose
3400:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
3354:Sewahenre Senebmiu
3329:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
2758:Neferkare V Tereru
2728:Neferkare III Neby
2396:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
1746:10.1002/ajpa.22909
1311:von Beckerath 1984
1153:
1101:
1093:
1060:
1052:
990:
932:
5448:
5447:
5435:
5434:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5242:Claudius Gothicus
5136:Severus Alexander
5103:Septimius Severus
4968:
4967:
4766:
4765:
4511:
4510:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4150:Osorkon the Elder
4101:
4100:
3878:
3877:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3772:Nubkheperre Intef
3652:Sekhemre Shedwast
3274:Sehetepkare Intef
3202:Semenkare Nebnuni
3131:
3130:
2978:
2977:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2685:
2684:
2663:Netjerkare Siptah
2585:Neferirkare Kakai
2430:
2429:
2234:
2233:
2004:
2003:
1878:978-1-58983-736-2
1637:The Royal Mummies
1107:at the Temple of
944:his older brother
847:
846:
842:18th Dynasty
736:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
711:
710:
703:
702:
699:
698:
657:
656:
653:
652:
601:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:
580:
579:
572:
571:
568:
567:
524:
523:
520:
519:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
453:
452:
447:
446:
443:
442:
401:
400:
397:
396:
368:Wsr ḫpš dr pḏwt 9
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
332:
331:
326:
325:
322:
321:
278:
277:
274:
273:
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
201:
200:
193:
192:
189:
188:
148:
147:
144:
143:
112:Ka nakht tut khau
5503:
5442:List of pharaohs
5332:
5331:
5097:Pescennius Niger
4985:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4893:Ptolemy IX Soter
4863:Cleopatra I Syra
4783:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4480:
4479:
4471:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4449:
4448:
4200:Djedkhonsuefankh
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3865:
3860:
3845:
3844:
3836:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3814:
3813:
3407:Qareh Khawoserre
3393:Yakbim Sekhaenre
3334:Mersekhemre Ined
3148:
3147:
3144:
3143:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2947:
2946:
2938:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2916:
2915:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1942:
1941:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1861:
1859:
1845:
1833:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1739:(S61): 216–231.
1724:
1718:
1717:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1510:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1434:William L. Moran
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1398:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1362:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1314:
1308:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1143:Burial and mummy
866:Ancient Egyptian
831:KV35 royal cache
720:
719:
686:
685:
682:
674:
670:
669:
663:
642:
641:
638:
634:
614:
589:
588:
553:
552:
549:
541:
537:
536:
530:
510:
509:
506:
502:
482:
415:
414:
411:
405:
390:
389:
386:
382:
378:
377:
361:
292:
291:
288:
282:
267:
266:
263:
259:
255:
254:
235:
210:
209:
166:
165:
162:
154:
137:
136:
133:
129:
125:
124:
108:
97:
96:
38:
26:
25:
16:Egyptian Pharaoh
5511:
5510:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5431:
5337:
5314:
5214:Macrianus Minor
5143:Maximinus Thrax
5079:Marcus Aurelius
4978:
4977:
4976:
4964:
4823:Ptolemy I Soter
4809:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4762:
4729:
4701:
4661:
4643:
4623:Psammetichus IV
4593:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4507:
4485:
4476:
4465:
4462:(664 BC–313 AD)
4461:
4460:
4431:
4393:
4370:
4366:Menkheperre Ini
4303:
4226:
4164:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4097:
4034:
3981:
3962:Neferneferuaten
3888:
3887:
3886:
3874:
3873:
3863:
3858:
3857:Pharaohs
3850:
3841:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3796:
3731:
3690:
3617:Sobekhotep VIII
3598:
3530:
3378:
3339:Sewadjkare Hori
3141:
3140:
3139:
3127:
3067:
3041:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2974:
2952:
2943:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2898:
2865:
2825:
2733:Djedkare Shemai
2695:
2694:
2693:
2681:
2619:
2561:
2504:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2426:
2320:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2230:
2135:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1978:
1969:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1936:
1931:
1896:
1894:Further reading
1883:
1881:
1879:
1842:
1807:
1805:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1762:
1725:
1721:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:BAR II, 823-829
1561:
1557:
1549:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1401:
1393:Peter Clayton,
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1344:, pp. 101.
1340:
1317:
1309:
1296:
1291:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1260:
1257:
1248:
1245:
1236:
1233:
1224:
1185:Edward F. Wente
1145:
1129:Lateran Obelisk
1085:
1048:Musée du Louvre
1036:
916:
910:
818:1391 or 1388 BC
738:
737:
717:
667:
649:
628:
623:
619:
586:
557:
534:
496:
491:
487:
437:
435:
430:
428:
372:
370:
366:
317:
249:
244:
242:Ḏd-nsyt mi itmw
240:
207:
184:
170:
119:
117:
113:
94:
63:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5509:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5310:Maximinus Daza
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5069:Antoninus Pius
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4982:
4979:(30 BC–313 AD)
4970:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4780:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4743:Artaxerxes III
4739:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4619:
4614:
4612:Petubastis III
4609:
4603:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4549:
4544:
4536:
4534:
4525:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4467:
4466:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4115:
4107:3 Intermediate
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3892:
3889:(1550–1070 BC)
3880:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3832:
3831:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:Neferhotep III
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3452:Sewadjkare III
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3421:Maaibre Sheshi
3417:
3414:'Ammu Ahotepre
3410:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:Merhotepre Ini
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3284:Sobekhotep III
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3154:
3145:
3142:(1802–1550 BC)
3137:2 Intermediate
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3032:Mentuhotep III
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2992:
2989:(2040–1802 BC)
2984:Middle Kingdom
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2934:
2933:
2921:Middle Kingdom
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Neferkare VIII
2881:
2875:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2851:
2849:Nebkaure Khety
2846:
2841:
2839:Meryibre Khety
2835:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2773:Neferkamin Anu
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2699:
2696:(2181–2040 BC)
2691:1 Intermediate
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2610:Djedkare Isesi
2607:
2605:Menkauhor Kaiu
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2444:
2441:(2686–2181 BC)
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2248:
2245:(3150–2686 BC)
2240:Early Dynastic
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2027:
2018:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1877:
1862:
1850:Kemp, Barry J.
1846:
1840:
1823:
1814:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1760:
1719:
1686:Epilepsy Behav
1676:
1669:
1652:
1645:
1627:
1618:
1606:
1604:, p. 303.
1594:
1592:, p. 202.
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1540:
1528:
1511:
1498:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1424:, p. 335.
1414:
1412:, p. 114.
1399:
1386:
1384:, p. 112.
1374:
1346:
1315:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1144:
1141:
1121:Constantius II
1084:
1081:
1035:
1032:
987:British Museum
909:
906:
845:
844:
839:
835:
834:
824:
820:
819:
816:
812:
811:
806:
802:
801:
796:
792:
791:
762:
758:
757:
744:
740:
739:
734:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
714:
712:
709:
708:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
693:
690:
678:
677:
671:
660:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
646:
630:
629:
618:Djehuty mes(u)
617:
610:
609:
603:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
583:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
559:
545:
544:
538:
527:
525:
522:
521:
518:
517:
514:
498:
497:
486:Men kheperu re
485:
478:
477:
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
456:
454:
451:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
432:
425:
422:
419:
408:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
374:
373:
364:
357:
356:
350:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
337:
335:
333:
330:
329:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
285:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
251:
250:
238:
231:
230:
224:
223:
220:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
204:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
178:
175:
172:
158:
157:
151:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
121:
120:
115:Kꜣ nḫt twt ḫˁw
111:
104:
103:
95:
92:Royal titulary
90:
89:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
54:
53:
47:
46:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5508:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5443:
5438:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5333:
5329:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4975:
4971:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:Cleopatra III
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4773:
4769:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4691:
4690:Nepherites II
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4501:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4472:
4468:
4459:
4455:
4450:
4446:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4221:Psusennes III
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4112:(1069–664 BC)
4108:
4104:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4078:Ramesses VIII
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3947:Amenhotep III
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3885:
3881:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3837:
3833:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Seqenenre Tao
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3762:Sobekemsaf II
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3712:Wepwawetemsaf
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Merneferre Ay
3317:
3315:
3314:Wahibre Ibiau
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Sobekhotep IV
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:Amenemhat III
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3037:Mentuhotep IV
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Mentuhotep II
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:Wahkare Khety
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Neferkare VII
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:Seth-Peribsen
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:Hotepsekhemwy
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2124:Double Falcon
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
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2077:
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2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:(pre-3150 BC)
2011:
2010:Protodynastic
2007:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1947:Protodynastic
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1880:
1874:
1871:. SBL Press.
1870:
1869:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1841:9780500050743
1837:
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1648:
1646:0-7156-2959-X
1642:
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1493:
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1460:
1454:
1448:, p. 14.
1447:
1442:
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1423:
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1411:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1359:
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1350:
1343:
1342:Leprohon 2013
1338:
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1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1178:Amenhotep III
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:Pope Sixtus V
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1023:Amenhotep III
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:Amarna letter
1004:
999:
995:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:
965:
961:
958:
953:
949:
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929:
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920:
915:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
870:ḏḥwti.msi(.w)
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
843:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:
821:
817:
813:
810:
807:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:Amenhotep III
763:
759:
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
715:
713:
706:
694:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
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531:
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229:
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205:
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196:
182:
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159:
155:
152:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
116:
110:
109:
105:
102:
98:
93:
87:
84:
83:Amenhotep III
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
62:1401–1391 or
61:
59:
55:
52:
48:
43:
37:
32:
27:
22:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5200:
5193:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5095:
5088:
5074:Lucius Verus
5031:
4932:
4908:Berenice III
4898:Cleopatra IV
4873:Cleopatra II
4805:Alexander IV
4725:Nectanebo II
4694:
4675:Nepherites I
4634:Artaxerxes I
4621:
4551:
4539:
4522:(664–332 BC)
4502:
4458:Roman Period
4360:Shoshenq VII
4358:
4331:
4291:
4272:Shoshenq III
4254:
4219:
4182:
4160:Psusennes II
4073:Ramesses VII
4053:Ramesses III
3941:
3937:Amenhotep II
3932:Thutmose III
3868:
3757:Sobekemsaf I
3749:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3683:
3676:
3581:
3564:
3559:'Aper-'Anati
3557:
3550:
3543:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3467:Sekheperenre
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3289:Neferhotep I
3279:Seth Meribre
3256:
3242:Djedkheperew
3159:
3120:
3111:Amenemhat IV
3101:Senusret III
3091:Amenemhat II
3007:Mentuhotep I
2969:
2858:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2723:Neferkare II
2674:
2667:
2600:Nyuserre Ini
2554:
2537:
2492:
2485:
2473:
2414:
2409:Neferkasokar
2407:
2400:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2313:
2306:
2214:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2157:Finger Snail
2155:
2148:
2128:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
1995:
1882:. Retrieved
1867:
1860:. Routledge.
1855:
1829:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1800:
1777:. Retrieved
1774:ScienceAlert
1773:
1763:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1692:(1): 23–31.
1689:
1685:
1679:
1660:
1655:
1636:
1630:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1553:, p. 6.
1538:, p. 5.
1531:
1526:, p. 4.
1506:
1501:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1410:Clayton 1994
1394:
1389:
1382:Clayton 1994
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1356:
1349:
1205:
1190:
1182:
1169:Victor Loret
1154:
1136:
1133:
1116:
1113:Thutmose III
1102:
1077:Thutmose III
1073:
1069:Amenhotep II
1065:Thutmose III
1061:
1020:
991:
968:
936:Amenhotep II
933:
894:Amenhotep II
890:Menkheperure
889:
882:18th Dynasty
861:
858:Tuthmosis IV
857:
853:
849:
848:
799:Amenhotep II
620:
488:
367:
354:Golden Horus
241:
114:
73:Amenhotep II
64:1397–1388 BC
5461:Thutmose IV
5178:Gordian III
5123:Diadumenian
4923:Cleopatra V
4777:(332–30 BC)
4772:Hellenistic
4715:Nectanebo I
4607:Cambyses II
4589:Psamtik III
4547:Tefnakht II
4349:Takelot III
4344:Osorkon III
4339:Shoshenq VI
4293:Pedubast II
4277:Shoshenq IV
4250:Shoshenq II
4215:Pinedjem II
4205:Menkheperre
4140:Psusennes I
4093:Ramesses XI
4083:Ramesses IX
4068:Ramesses VI
4058:Ramesses IV
4005:Ramesses II
3967:Tutankhamun
3942:Thutmose IV
3922:Thutmose II
3912:Amenhotep I
3884:New Kingdom
3819:New Kingdom
3678:Senusret IV
3662:Dedumose II
3637:Nebiriau II
3632:Nebiryraw I
3627:Mentuhotepi
3432:Khakherewre
3359:Merkheperre
3269:Imyremeshaw
3252:Sedjefakare
3207:Sehetepibre
3182:Ameny Qemau
3116:Sobekneferu
3096:Senusret II
3081:Amenemhat I
3063:Iyibkhentre
2793:Neferirkare
2788:Neferkauhor
2595:Shepseskare
2436:Old Kingdom
2422:Khasekhemwy
2402:Neferkara I
2371:Weneg-Nebty
2216:Scorpion II
1193:Tutankhamun
1117:tekhen waty
1111:started by
1025:) wrote to
948:Dream Stele
850:Thutmose IV
621:Ḏḥwty ms(w)
69:Predecessor
29:Thutmose IV
5455:Categories
5295:Diocletian
5249:Quintillus
5202:Aemilianus
5157:Gordian II
5129:Elagabalus
4950:Arsinoe IV
4833:Arsinoe II
4758:Darius III
4685:Psammuthes
4574:Psamtik II
4389:Bakenranef
4327:Pedubast I
4322:Takelot II
4317:Harsiese A
4299:Osorkon IV
4287:Shoshenq V
4267:Osorkon II
4240:Shoshenq I
4210:Smendes II
4190:Pinedjem I
4135:Amenemnisu
4088:Ramesses X
4063:Ramesses V
4015:Amenmesses
3995:Ramesses I
3957:Smenkhkare
3927:Hatshepsut
3917:Thutmose I
3667:Montuemsaf
3657:Dedumose I
3457:Nebdjefare
3447:Merdjefare
3217:Nedjemibre
3212:Sewadjkare
3086:Senusret I
3058:Qakare Ini
2879:Meryhathor
2783:Neferkaure
2778:Qakare Iby
2763:Neferkahor
2748:Neferkamin
2556:Thamphthis
2550:Shepseskaf
2464:Sekhemkhet
2315:Horus Bird
2192:Scorpion I
1884:7 December
1808:7 December
1670:0226317455
1551:Bryan 1991
1536:Bryan 1991
1524:Bryan 1991
1446:Bryan 1991
1422:Bryan 1991
1289:References
979:Sobekhotep
912:See also:
781:Amenemopet
489:Mn ḫprw rˁ
228:Nebty name
101:Horus name
42:blue crown
5427:Ptolemaic
5235:Gallienus
5150:Gordian I
5113:Caracalla
5039:Vespasian
5033:Vitellius
4815:Ptolemaic
4657:Amyrtaeus
4639:Darius II
4584:Ahmose II
4564:Psamtik I
4503:uncertain
4491:Pharaohs
4427:Tanutamun
4262:Takelot I
4245:Osorkon I
4195:Masaharta
4145:Amenemope
4048:Setnakhte
4010:Merneptah
3952:Akhenaten
3869:uncertain
3751:Nebmaatre
3572:Sakir-Har
3525:Yaqub-Har
3437:Nebefawre
3187:Hotepibre
3053:Segerseni
3022:Intef III
2970:uncertain
2958:Pharaohs
2590:Neferefre
2416:Hudjefa I
2297:Semerkhet
2034:Hedju Hor
1996:uncertain
1984:Pharaohs
1602:Kemp 1989
1590:Kemp 1989
1197:Akhenaten
1083:Monuments
1015:Akhenaten
1011:Tushratta
967:Syrian ("
902:Akhenaten
854:Thutmosis
773:Amenemhat
755:Mutemwiya
747:Nefertari
79:Successor
5387:21 to 23
5305:Galerius
5300:Maximian
5289:Numerian
5256:Aurelian
5208:Valerian
5171:Balbinus
5164:Pupienus
5118:Macrinus
5090:Pertinax
5084:Commodus
5049:Domitian
5012:Claudius
5007:Caligula
5002:Tiberius
4997:Augustus
4617:Darius I
4569:Necho II
4412:Shebitku
4384:Tefnakht
3977:Horemheb
3907:Ahmose I
3719:Pantjeny
3705:Senebkay
3685:Pepi III
3647:Bebiankh
3504:Shenshek
3462:Nebsenre
3294:Sihathor
3264:Khendjer
3227:Renseneb
3172:Nerikare
3017:Intef II
2894:Merykare
2799:Wadjkare
2743:Merenhor
2638:Userkare
2545:Menkaure
2539:Bikheris
2528:Djedefre
2494:Qahedjet
2378:Wadjenes
2364:Horus Sa
2357:Nubnefer
2344:Nynetjer
2308:Sneferka
2048:Ni-Neith
1934:Pharaohs
1852:(1989).
1755:26808107
1714:20771815
1706:22980077
1277:See also
1044:khepresh
1027:Artatama
975:the tomb
928:San Jose
862:Thothmes
789:Tentamun
785:Petepihu
761:Children
21:Thutmose
5282:Carinus
5263:Tacitus
5221:Quietus
5064:Hadrian
4748:Khabash
4579:Wahibre
4559:Necho I
4553:Nekauba
4541:Ammeris
4484:Dynasty
4422:Taharqa
4417:Shabaka
4354:Rudamun
4333:Iuput I
4178:Herihor
4130:Smendes
4030:Twosret
4020:Seti II
3864:female)
3849:Dynasty
3745:Rahotep
3642:Semenre
3612:Djehuti
3594:Khamudi
3583:Yanassi
3566:Salitis
3518:Yakareb
3511:Khamure
3442:Sehebre
3364:Merkare
3012:Intef I
2951:Dynasty
2860:Imhotep
2820:Iytjenu
2806:Khuiqer
2718:Menkare
2669:Neferka
2653:Pepi II
2575:Userkaf
2469:Sanakht
2292:Anedjib
2272:Hor-Aha
2205:Iry-Hor
2199:Shendjw
2171:Pen-Abu
2055:Hat-Hor
1977:Dynasty
1792:Sources
1779:5 April
1367:25 July
1222:Gallery
1210:to the
1105:obelisk
1003:Mitanni
970:Retjenu
880:of the
878:Pharaoh
838:Dynasty
743:Consort
627:is born
51:Pharaoh
5422:Argead
5269:Probus
5189:Decius
5184:Philip
5059:Trajan
4787:Argead
4696:Muthis
4649:XXVIII
4629:Xerxes
4497:female
4475:Period
4184:Piankh
4155:Siamun
4025:Siptah
4000:Seti I
3840:Period
3792:Kamose
3726:Snaaib
3696:Abydos
3552:Semqen
3545:Sharek
3497:Sheneh
3477:'Apepi
3472:Bebnum
3427:Nehesy
3247:Sebkay
3167:Sonbef
2964:female
2942:Period
2753:Nikare
2643:Pepi I
2580:Sahure
2533:Khafre
2518:Snefru
2487:Sedjes
2459:Djoser
2385:Senedj
2263:Narmer
2222:Narmer
2104:Wazner
2069:Hsekiu
2041:Ny-Hor
1990:female
1968:Period
1875:
1838:
1753:
1712:
1704:
1667:
1643:
1109:Karnak
983:Thebes
823:Burial
805:Mother
795:Father
769:Siatum
5275:Carus
5054:Nerva
5044:Titus
5022:Galba
4989:XXXIV
4974:Roman
4753:Arses
4680:Hakor
4599:XXVII
4309:XXIII
3899:XVIII
3859:(male
3589:Apepi
3577:Khyan
3490:Wazad
3258:Wegaf
3192:Iufni
3046:Nubia
2854:Setut
2676:Nefer
2523:Khufu
2481:Khaba
2475:Nebka
2339:Nebra
2267:Menes
2226:Menes
2178:Stork
2141:Upper
2097:Neheb
2090:Thesh
2076:Khayu
2025:Lower
1710:S2CID
1361:(PDF)
998:stela
994:Nubia
957:dream
886:Egypt
874:Thoth
771:(?),
751:Iaret
625:Thoth
607:Nomen
58:Reign
5108:Geta
5027:Otho
5017:Nero
4735:XXXI
4720:Teos
4667:XXIX
4532:XXVI
4517:Late
4494:male
4454:Late
4407:Piye
4376:XXIV
4282:Pami
4232:XXII
3821:and
3737:XVII
3483:Nuya
3152:XIII
2961:male
2923:and
2813:Khui
2710:VIII
2633:Teti
2615:Unas
2500:Huni
2302:Qa'a
2282:Djet
2277:Djer
2185:Bull
2164:Fish
2130:Wash
2111:Mekh
1987:male
1886:2021
1873:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1810:2021
1781:2021
1751:PMID
1702:PMID
1665:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1369:2020
1195:and
1165:KV35
1159:the
1157:KV43
940:Tiaa
938:and
908:Life
898:Tiaa
896:and
827:KV43
815:Died
809:Tiaa
777:Tiaa
247:Atum
4707:XXX
4456:to
4399:XXV
4122:XXI
3987:XIX
3604:XVI
3384:XIV
3232:Hor
3073:XII
2706:VII
2451:III
2287:Den
2083:Tiu
1949:to
1741:doi
1737:159
1694:doi
977:of
884:of
856:or
5457::
5417:31
5412:30
5407:27
5402:26
5397:25
5392:24
5382:20
5377:19
5372:18
5367:12
5362:11
4040:XX
3972:Ay
3536:XV
2999:XI
2831:IX
2625:VI
2510:IV
2350:Ba
2326:II
2265:/
2224:/
2210:Ka
2062:Pu
1772:.
1749:.
1735:.
1731:.
1708:.
1700:.
1690:25
1688:.
1543:^
1514:^
1402:^
1318:^
1297:^
1218:.
1180:.
1131:.
1046:,
985:.
926:,
904:.
868::
860:,
787:,
783:,
779:,
775:,
767:,
753:,
749:,
494:Re
5357:4
5353:3
5350:2
5346:1
2871:X
2708:/
2567:V
2255:I
2150:A
2118:A
1926:e
1919:t
1912:v
1888:.
1844:.
1812:.
1783:.
1757:.
1743::
1716:.
1696::
1673:.
1649:.
1371:.
1050:.
930:.
872:"
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
