40:
325:, in many countries (notably England and Scotland, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand) it is formally possible to earn such a degree as a substantive one. This typically involves the submission of a portfolio of peer-refereed research, usually undertaken over a number of years, which has made a substantial contribution to the academic field in question. The university will appoint a panel of examiners who will consider the case and prepare a report recommending whether or not the degree be awarded. Usually, the applicant must have some strong formal connection with the university in question, for example full-time academic staff, or graduates of several years' standing.
369:
647:
4285:
4550:
474:
4278:
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3075:
1892:"The University of Virginia does not award honorary degrees. In conjunction with the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, the University presents the Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture and the Thomas Jefferson Award in Law each spring. The awards, recognizing excellence in two fields of interest to Jefferson, constitute the University's highest recognition of scholars outside the University."
4292:
945:, former Peruvian president and politician, who for many years held the title of Dr. in official presentations as head of state and as a civilian throughout his political career. Heavily criticized by the media when discovering his last degree to be a master's in economic development and not completing his doctoral studies in law, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the
1756::"MIT's founder, William Barton Rogers, regarded the practice of giving honorary degrees as 'literary almsgiving ... of spurious merit and noisy popularity...' Rogers was a geologist from the University of Virginia who believed in Thomas Jefferson's policy barring honorary degrees at the university, which was founded in 1819."
790:), was made an honorary Doctor of Laws. Over 12,000 signatures were acquired asking the UWO to reverse its decision to honor Morgentaler. Several protest rallies were held, including one on the day the honorary degree was bestowed (a counter petition to support Morgentaler's degree gained 10,000 signatures).
392:" It is generally considered improper practice for an honorary doctor to use the formal title of "Doctor," regardless of the background circumstances for the award. Written communications where an honorary doctorate has been awarded may include the letters "h.c." after the award to indicate that status.
271:
degrees are not considered of the same standing as substantive degrees earned by the standard academic processes of courses and original research, except perhaps where the recipient has demonstrated an appropriate level of academic scholarship that would ordinarily qualify him or her for the award of
700:
protested against the granting on the grounds that
Derrida's work "did not conform with accepted measures of academic rigor." Although the university eventually passed the motion, the episode did more to draw attention to the continuing antipathy between the analytic (of which Cambridge's faculty is
814:
would be considered. As a result, it was announced that Mugabe had been stripped of his honorary degree. The university also planned to have a more rigorous selection procedure regarding potential recipients of honorary degrees, in an attempt to rectify the trend of awarding degrees to celebrities.
669:
Some universities and colleges have been accused of granting honorary degrees in exchange for large donations. Honorary degree recipients, particularly those who have no prior academic qualifications, have sometimes been criticized if they insist on being called "Doctor" as a result of their award,
301:
degree is sometimes considered honorary, although these are only conferred on an individual who has already achieved a comparable qualification at another university or attained an office requiring the appropriate level of scholarship. Under certain circumstances, a degree may be conferred on an
896:
By convention, recipients of honorary doctorates do not use the title "Dr" in general correspondence. Recipients are not addressed orally or in writing as "Dr" by other academic institutions – and not correctly addressed as "Dr" in their professional/personal life. They continue to be addressed
200:
award the first earned Ph.D., becoming the first
American university to do so. Over one hundred institutions in the United States conferred honorary Ph.D. degrees in the 19th century, to more than seven hundred recipients. However, the practice of awarding the Ph.D. as an honorary degree drew
264:
before receiving approval. Nominees are generally not told until a formal approval and invitation are made; often it is perceived that the system is shrouded in secrecy, and occasionally seen as political and controversial. On occasion, organisations have been awarded honorary doctorates.
619:, then chairman of the faculty, vigorously defended this policy; in 1861, he founded MIT in Boston and continued this practice. The University of Virginia does annually award Thomas Jefferson Medals in Architecture and in Law, as the highest honours accorded by that institution.
355:
Between the two extremes of honouring celebrities and formally assessing a portfolio of research, some universities use honorary degrees to recognise achievements of intellectual rigour. Some institutes of higher education do not confer honorary degrees as a matter of policy—see
115:, and not in the education section. With regard to the use of this honorific, the policies of institutions of higher education generally ask that recipients "refrain from adopting the misleading title" and that a recipient of an honorary doctorate should restrict the use of the
328:
Some universities, seeking to differentiate between substantive and honorary doctorates, have a degree (often DUniv, or Doctor of the
University) which is used for these purposes, with the other higher doctorates reserved for formally examined academic scholarship.
861:
for "services to childhood education". The university honored Rosmah for founding and driving the
Permata early childhood centres in Malaysia although some alumni and students contended that the government-funded centres are "an abuse of taxpayers' money".
805:
in 1984. The university subsequently revealed plans to review its honorary degree policy and strip certain figures of their honorary degrees who did not deserve them. When considering revoking the honorary degree of a political figure, such reasons as
574:
degree is awarded to someone who has demonstrated eminence and scholarship by being appointed to a particular office. Thus, for example, a DD (Doctor of
Divinity) might be conferred upon a bishop on the occasion of his consecration, or a judge created
730:. Although some students objected to awarding a degree to a Muppet, Kermit delivered an enjoyable commencement address and the small college received considerable press coverage. The degree was conferred in recognition of efforts in the area of
2660:
onorary degree recipients should not refer to themselves as "Doctor", nor should they use the title on business cards or in correspondence. However, the recipient is entitled to use the appropriate honorary abbreviation behind his or her
2754:
131:, when for various reasons a university might be persuaded, or otherwise see fit, to grant exemption from some or all of the usual statutory requirements for the award of a degree. The earliest honorary degree on record was awarded to
96:, and may be awarded to someone who has no prior connection with the academic institution or no previous postsecondary education. An example of identifying a recipient of this award is as follows: Doctorate in Business Administration (
2708:
410:
In recent years, some universities have adopted entirely separate postnominal titles for honorary degrees. This is in part due to the confusion that honorary degrees have caused. For example, an honorary doctorate from the
2249:
106:
Honorary doctorates are purely titular degrees in that they confer no rights on the recipient and carry with them no formal academic qualification. As such, it is always expected that such degrees be listed in one's
2514:
2795:
3056:
918:
in 2006, frequently made light of the concept of an "honorary doctor" by offering up scurrilous medical advice in a segment called "Cheating Death With Dr. Stephen
Colbert, D.F.A." on his television program
4258:
388:
A typical example of university regulations is, "Honorary graduates may use the approved post-nominal letters. It is not customary, however, for recipients of an honorary doctorate to adopt the prefix 'Dr.
2337:
692:
The
Philosophy Faculty at Cambridge courted controversy among the academic community in March 1992, when three of its members posed a temporary veto against the awarding of an honorary doctorate to
260:
and graduates—an event which often forms the highlight of the ceremony. Generally, universities nominate several persons each year for honorary degrees; these nominations usually go through several
213:
prohibited any university in the state from conferring an honorary Ph.D. effective in 1897. The number of honorary Ph.D. degrees awarded in the U.S. declined in the 20th century, and surveys by the
1636:
1238:
834:
for his lack of adequate qualifying achievements thus far. Also, controversy was ignited about Notre Dame awarding Obama an honorary degree, as the institution is Roman
Catholic and Obama holds
819:
also asked the university to revoke the honorary degree that was awarded to Mugabe over twenty years ago, and on 12 June 2008 the trustees unanimously rescinded Robert Mugabe's honorary degree.
2484:
526:
Some universities and colleges have the custom of awarding a master's degree to every scholar appointed as a full professor, who had never earned a degree there. At the universities of Oxford,
2746:
1606:
2700:
232:
to military veterans under a program called "Operation
Recognition". In Ohio, it was unclear whether public schools had the legal authority to grant them until 12 July 2001, when Governor
2188:
908:, a memoirist and poet who had no earned degrees, but she received dozens of honorary ones and she preferred to be called "Dr. Angelou" by people other than family and close friends.
2458:
2892:
302:
individual for both the nature of the office they hold and the completion of a dissertation. The "dissertation et jure dignitatis" is considered to be a full academic degree. See
2241:
1082:, where he shared his extensive knowledge of tribal history and culture with thousands of visitors. He was awarded an honorary doctorate of humane letters at the commencement at
1460:
2540:
1216:
2019:
340:" are sometimes, erroneously, thought to be honorary; however the archbishops have for many centuries had the legal authority (originally as the representatives of the
2506:
2408:
2072:
3048:
2803:
2210:
3017:"Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara Republik Indonesia No.XXXIII/MPRS/1967 Tentang Pencabutan Kekuasaan Pemerintah Negara Dari Presiden Sukarno"
423:, grant Doctor of the University (DUniv) degrees to selected nominees, while awarding PhD or EdD degrees to those who have fulfilled the academic requirements.
2863:
1845:
738:,' has become a rallying cry of the environmental movement. Kermit has used his celebrity to spread positive messages in public service announcements for the
4563:
446:) only as honorary degrees. American universities do not have the system of "higher doctorates" used in the UK and some other universities around the world.
2329:
1506:
2306:
1643:
1242:
206:
998:, has been awarded fourteen honorary doctorates from various international educational institutions from 1996 through 2014 including the North American
583:(Doctor of Civil Law) upon his or her appointment to the judicial bench. These, also, are properly considered substantive rather than honorary degrees.
3246:
3208:
3171:
3134:
2476:
352:), to award degrees and regularly do so to people who have either passed an examination or are deemed to have satisfied the appropriate requirements.
345:
1933:
1614:
611:(founded in 1819) was probably the first US university to explicitly have a policy of not awarding honorary degrees at the behest of its founder,
534:
all tenured professors are awarded a Master of Arts degree at an academic convocation in the autumn, even though the school only offers an earned
4431:
2964:
2386:
1875:
1771:
959:, an author and lexicographer, who had some years earlier been unable (due to financial considerations) to complete his undergraduate studies at
3422:
870:
281:
2275:
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1179:
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since it is now common in certain countries to use certain degrees, such as LLD or HonD, as purely honorary. Some universities, including the
2364:
1676:
277:
2180:
1993:
1967:
4414:
984:, received an honorary doctorate from Harvard University and was often referred to as "Dr. Land", though he did not have any earned degree.
2778:
2455:
2120:
1823:
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degree (Amherst awards honorary doctorates at commencement in the spring to notable scholars and other special invitees). Schools such as
360:. Some learned societies award honorary fellowships in the same way as honorary degrees are awarded by universities, for similar reasons.
166:, and the Register of Convocation explicitly states that these were full degrees, carrying the usual privileges, such as voting rights in
103:
The degree is often conferred as a way of honouring a distinguished visitor's contributions to a specific field or to society in general.
3931:
3883:
2885:
2150:
2434:
939:
in 1759 and the
University of Oxford in 1762 for his scientific accomplishments. He thereafter referred to himself as "Doctor Franklin".
146:
In the late 16th century, the granting of honorary degrees became quite common, especially on the occasion of royal visits to Oxford or
3107:
2729:
Gillespie, Marcia Ann, Rosa Johnson Butler, and Richard A. Long. (2008). Maya Angelou: A Glorious Celebration. New York: Random House.
1903:
1709:
631:
3858:
2042:
897:
orally and in writing with the form of address to which they entitled prior to receiving the honor. E.g., Mr./Ms./Mrs. However, this
2271:
4553:
2536:
1078:, taught at the Oconaluftee Job Corps in Cherokee for more than 20 years, and subsequently worked in outreach and education at the
757:, where he had earned his bachelor's degree in history in 1968. Some students and faculty chose to boycott the university's 300th
3911:
2677:
1743:
1206:
3992:
3459:
3016:
1554:
1423:
877:
119:
before their name to any engagement with the institution of higher education in question and not within the broader community.
2614:
2562:
4201:
2833:
2734:
2015:
1793:
592:
685:
an honorary degree in protest against her cuts in funding for higher education. This award had previously been given to all
3873:
3848:
2400:
1286:
967:
awarded him the degree of Doctor of Laws and in 1775 Oxford bestowed upon him the degree of Doctor of Civil Law by diploma.
163:
2067:
773:
awarded him an honorary degree in 2007, in response to protests from students and faculty at the commencement ceremonies.
3896:
816:
770:
210:
39:
2986:
2218:
4014:
3614:
2918:
2587:
963:, was awarded the degree of Master of Arts by diploma in 1755, in recognition of his scholarly achievements. In 1765,
407:, abbreviated "Dr.h.c." or "Dr.(h.c.)". Sometimes, they use "Hon" before the degree letters, for example, "Hon DMus".
399:, but it should always be made clear that the degree is honorary by adding "honorary" or "honoris causa" or "h.c." in
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2104:
513:
412:
214:
202:
31:
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1849:
1131:
1157:
1075:
491:
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3161:
1065:
1045:
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735:
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1498:
1425:
Academic Degrees: Earned and Honorary Degrees Conferred by Institutions of Higher Education in the United States
3100:
3079:
1528:
749:
The awarding of an honorary degree to political figures can prompt protests from faculty or students. In 2001,
638:
occasionally offers honorary membership to retiring faculty, staff, and other close associates of the college.
530:
and Cambridge, many senior staff are granted the degree of Master of Arts after three years of service, and at
495:
403:
after the degree title. In some countries, a person who holds an honorary doctorate may use the title "Doctor"
2298:
630:
has imposed a moratorium on awarding honorary degrees, it honours notable people with the UCLA Medal instead.
217:
found none conferred in 1940 or later years. One of the last known recipients of an honorary Ph.D. was singer
3477:
1079:
777:
4568:
3868:
3839:
3388:
1057:
739:
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ceremonies, at which the recipients are often invited to make a speech of acceptance before the assembled
4375:
3939:
3901:
3157:
1941:
1083:
185:. He returned to Oxford in 1842, and sat a single exam, and was awarded an honorary fourth-class degree.
74:(or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the
3619:
3452:
850:
766:
543:
2956:
1879:
1767:
4596:
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4002:
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as recipients of substantive degrees, although there are a few exceptions: honorary graduates at the
171:
17:
2158:
3921:
3226:
2643:
1576:
1183:
1002:
in 2009, and now refers to himself as "Dr. Richard Stallman" in speeches, talks, videos, and email.
991:
960:
463:
435:
333:
257:
244:
is believed to have awarded the first such diplomas to a group of 20 veterans in May of that year.
55:
2913:
Bonanos, Christopher (2012). Instant: The Story of Polaroid, Princeton Architectural Press, p.13.
2360:
1672:
1479:"Veterans become graduates; New way to honor military service: Lakota East first to award degrees"
1384:
Lady, R. Andrew (April 1967). "Honoris Causa: An Examination of the Doctor of Philosophy Degree".
1362:
Lady, R. Andrew (April 1967). "Honoris Causa: An Examination of the Doctor of Philosophy Degree".
1343:
Lady, R. Andrew (April 1967). "Honoris Causa: An Examination of the Doctor of Philosophy Degree".
1324:
Lady, R. Andrew (April 1967). "Honoris Causa: An Examination of the Doctor of Philosophy Degree".
4021:
3959:
3916:
3647:
3153:
2930:
1989:
1963:
1668:
1483:
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1049:
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964:
915:
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241:
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signed a bill allowing public school districts to grant them to honorably discharged veterans of
147:
368:
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3954:
3694:
3199:
2775:
2128:
1819:
1029:
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is not always scrupulously observed. Notable people who have used the honorary prefix include:
720:
716:
705:
608:
885:
3974:
3445:
3260:
2430:
1053:
1041:
743:
646:
616:
349:
1911:
1698:
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announcing the awarding of an honorary degree to Washington by the president and fellows of
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4132:
4009:
3906:
3891:
3704:
3669:
3652:
3563:
3374:
3330:
3236:
3222:
3180:
3125:
2701:"Universities tell Finance Department head Jane Halton to stop calling herself 'professor'"
1705:
1466:(Report). Columbus, Ohio: Ohio Legislative Service Commission. 31 October 2002. p. 27.
1033:
1021:
981:
811:
658:
550:
also award tenured faculty, who do not have a degree from their respective schools, the AM
527:
189:
182:
136:
2747:"Farewell to 'Cheating Death with Dr. Stephen Colbert,' one of late-night's funniest bits"
8:
4501:
4424:
4419:
3949:
3944:
3735:
3601:
3485:
3365:
3350:
1101:
1025:
1013:
999:
946:
839:
758:
712:
697:
600:
580:
229:
193:
154:
to Oxford in 1605, for example, forty-three members of his retinue (fifteen of whom were
140:
3023:
3788:
3631:
3292:
3217:
1012:, was awarded 26 honorary doctorates from various international universities including
921:
807:
635:
626:
to individuals who have given "rare and exceptional service" to the university. Though
596:
547:
443:
222:
151:
93:
4284:
2673:
1739:
650:
4489:
3725:
3609:
3578:
3384:
3148:
2914:
2730:
2380:
2100:
1261:
928:
898:
858:
786:
781:
682:
439:
431:
377:
318:
314:
1546:
4516:
4511:
4186:
3799:
3532:
3414:
3370:
3287:
3143:
987:
731:
612:
539:
535:
310:
293:
132:
108:
2825:
1797:
567:
degrees are earned degrees, not honorary, because they recognize formal learning.
228:
By 2001, about 21 U.S. states had begun allowing public schools to grant honorary
4541:
4521:
4441:
4397:
4370:
4247:
4196:
4191:
3823:
3689:
3523:
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3340:
3307:
3117:
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2076:
1940:. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. 3 April 2001. Archived from
1873:
1096:
911:
827:
754:
727:
708:
philosophical traditions (with which Derrida's work is more closely associated).
693:
604:
531:
420:
337:
197:
67:
2931:"Richard Stallman given first honorary doctorate by a North American university"
2121:"Southampton College News: Kermit's Commencement Address at Southampton College"
1278:
4380:
4164:
4078:
3853:
3778:
3759:
3684:
3641:
3626:
3542:
3379:
3335:
3302:
3185:
1071:
977:
956:
750:
686:
654:
427:
273:
116:
4315:
2994:
2934:
2796:"Abogado de GarcĂa: Ex presidente obtuvo doctorado de forma "no convencional""
2615:"Kanye West's honorary doctorate rescinded by prestigious Chicago art college"
1846:"The Rice Thresher Online | NEWS | Cosby to speak at '02 graduation"
942:
784:, a gynecologist involved in a legal case decriminalizing abortion in Canada (
4585:
4526:
4484:
4409:
4365:
4208:
4169:
3810:
1478:
1440:
1403:
Smawley, Robert B. (January 1963). "Letters of Credit, Kudos, and Quackery".
1106:
970:
846:
802:
400:
272:
a substantive degree. Recipients of honorary degrees typically wear the same
3085:
1768:"Dear Uncle Ezra – Questions for Thursday, 15 May 2003 – Cornell University"
1740:"No honorary degrees is an MIT tradition going back to ... Thomas Jefferson"
4479:
4114:
3771:
3568:
3468:
3297:
2957:"Richard Stallman responding to an email list using "Dr. Richard Stallman""
2242:"Abortion rights crusader Henry Morgentaler, revered and hated, dead at 90"
1111:
905:
831:
576:
381:
237:
2886:"Brute Johnson: A Critical Look at the Life of Dr. Samuel Johnson, L.L.D."
4474:
4464:
4325:
4252:
4083:
4070:
3964:
3805:
3717:
3699:
3481:
3360:
2647:
1934:"U.Va. To Bestow Annual Thomas Jefferson Medals For Architecture And Law"
1139:
974:
854:
762:
702:
662:
396:
373:
218:
178:
167:
128:
51:
2151:"Kermit the Frog named 1996 Commencement Speaker at Southampton College"
1153:
449:
280:
wear the appropriate full-dress gown but not the hood, and those at the
4360:
4342:
4235:
4147:
3793:
3674:
1307:
Bradley, Alexander. "Ruskin at Oxford: Pupil and Master", pp. 749-750,
881:
866:
835:
498: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
404:
253:
181:
suffered a physical or mental breakdown in 1840 and dropped out of the
84:
71:
2358:
4392:
4320:
4277:
4242:
4176:
4142:
4137:
4109:
3783:
3749:
3679:
3255:
1964:"Stanford University—Degree of Uncommon Man and Uncommon Woman Award"
1908:
Exhibits: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT Libraries
1061:
1009:
671:
552:
261:
89:
47:
473:
4496:
4469:
4459:
4332:
4310:
4040:
1878:. Rector and Visitors of The University of Virginia. Archived from
891:
798:
233:
1036:
and many more; and also from domestic universities, including the
4152:
4104:
1312:
1005:
285:
4402:
4230:
4181:
3754:
3740:
3437:
3345:
3312:
3231:
3074:
1765:
724:
357:
4291:
3049:"WCU honors revered Cherokee elder during spring commencement"
2507:"Honorary doctorate to Najib Razak's wife creates controversy"
303:
4387:
4222:
4159:
4099:
3493:
3489:
950:
586:
395:
The recipient of an honorary degree may add the degree title
159:
112:
75:
27:
Academic qualification awarded without the usual requirements
2465:, How the Gold Dome Tarnished, TFP Student Action, 05-21-09.
2431:"Obama turns controversy into jokes, lesson at commencement"
2272:"Abortion access has helped make society safer: Morgentaler"
192:(Ph.D.) degree was first conferred as an honorary degree at
4092:
3744:
678:
674:
may mislead the general public about their qualifications.
627:
607:, do not award honorary degrees as a matter of policy. The
341:
177:
There were also some special cases: for example the critic
155:
3640:
1874:
Rector and Visitors of The University of Virginia (1995).
769:
from 2001 to 2006, ultimately chose not to speak when the
4337:
2330:"UMass students aim to revoke honorary degree for Mugabe"
1428:. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 42–52.
1241:. University of Southern Queensland. 2012. Archived from
880:
rescinded an honorary doctorate degree awarded to rapper
857:
was controversially awarded an honorary doctorate by the
723:) awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Amphibious Letters to
1673:"Statutes and Ordinances II.6: Status of Master of Arts"
622:
The Stanford Alumni Association occasionally awards the
3547:
heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families
2359:
Contact:Robert P. Connolly617-287-7073 (12 June 2008).
914:, who received an honorary doctorate in fine arts from
886:
a series of racist and antisemitic remarks made by West
4564:
Knowledge:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals
1876:"Chapter 4: University Regulations: Honorary Degrees"
830:, refused to give an honorary degree to US President
826:
In April 2009, Arizona State University's president,
634:
has not granted honorary degrees since 1936, but its
426:
Most American universities award the degrees of LLD (
2499:
1056:
at the time as "Dr. Ir. Sukarno", combined with his
4544:
is the accepted criterion for official distinctions
1895:
1820:"Stanford Bulletin 2008/2009: Conferral of Degrees"
1667:
873:due to allegations and lawsuits of sexual assault.
207:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
2474:
1146:
1607:"Archbishop of Canterbury awards Lambeth Degrees"
4583:
1904:"William Barton Rogers: MIT's Visionary Founder"
931:, who received an honorary master's degree from
892:Use of title associated with honorary doctorates
252:Honorary degrees are usually awarded at regular
4432:International Commission for Orders of Chivalry
2785:on the Special Collections Research Center Wiki
2066:BBC News "On this day archive" 29 January 1985
3537:and their national/public/official authorities
3423:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
2393:
1902:Andrews, Elizabeth; Murphy, Nora; Rosko, Tom.
1901:
3453:
3115:
3101:
2401:"Things you may not know about Robert Mugabe"
1990:"UCLA Policy 140: Awarding of the UCLA Medal"
696:; they and other non-Cambridge proponents of
88:("to the honour"). The degree is typically a
2674:"How to Address Those With Honorary Degrees"
2563:"Brown revokes Bill Cosby's honorary degree"
2086:
1207:"Ian Thorpe now Dr Thorpedo, man of letters"
201:condemnation from organizations such as the
2385:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1476:
1379:
1377:
949:in 1987, while making an official visit to
734:. The university stated: "His theme song, '
681:, the University of Oxford voted to refuse
336:has the authority to award degrees. These "
3662:
3460:
3446:
3108:
3094:
2537:"Students protest over Malaysia doctorate"
587:Institutions not awarding honorary degrees
2588:"Lehigh rescinds Cosby's honorary degree"
1869:
1867:
1794:"Stanford Bulletin: Conferral of Degrees"
1204:
746:, the Better World Society, and others."
514:Learn how and when to remove this message
4554:Category:Orders, decorations, and medals
2698:
2692:
2477:"Church and state; Obama and Notre Dame"
1796:. Registrar.stanford.edu. Archived from
1611:rowanwilliams.archbishopofcanterbury.org
1487:. p. B3 – via Newspapers.com.
1449:. p. B3 – via Newspapers.com.
1374:
1279:"Woodville, Lionel, bishop of Salisbury"
1256:
1254:
1252:
1198:
823:has also rescinded its honorary degree.
645:
367:
38:
2612:
2296:
2043:"Recognizing Achievement, Adding Glitz"
2040:
2034:
1848:. Rice.edu. 11 May 2002. Archived from
1438:
1402:
1052:. He had often been referred to by the
14:
4584:
2987:"At 1:22 introduced as 'Dr. Stallman'"
2933:. YouTube. 30 May 2009. Archived from
2411:from the original on 30 September 2015
2327:
2299:"Degree of anger at roll of dishonour"
2239:
1864:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1637:"Oxford Brooks University Regulations"
1499:"What are Honorary Doctorate Degrees?"
1311:, 1500-1900 32, no. 4 (1992): 747–64.
878:School of the Art Institute of Chicago
793:In 2007, protesters demanded that the
288:instead of the usual full-dress gown.
3441:
3089:
2711:from the original on 20 November 2014
2699:Mannheim, Markus (19 November 2014).
2543:from the original on 25 February 2012
2517:from the original on 22 February 2012
2252:from the original on 15 November 2013
2092:
2022:from the original on 25 February 2015
1766:Dear Uncle Ezra, Cornell University.
1421:
1249:
797:revoke an honorary degree awarded to
593:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
442:), PedD (Doctor of Pedagogy) and DD (
122:
4540:* = Direct or indirect reference to
4259:Prizes known as the Nobel of a field
2967:from the original on 14 January 2012
2449:
2340:from the original on 2 December 2008
2309:from the original on 31 October 2016
2278:from the original on 1 February 2008
2016:"Honorees of the Alumni Association"
1699:"Master in Arts (jure officii) form"
1557:from the original on 27 January 2015
1535:. Sheffield Hallam University. 2022.
1383:
1361:
1342:
1323:
865:Over 50 honorary degrees awarded to
496:adding citations to reliable sources
467:
4559:
2993:. 13 September 2011. Archived from
2191:from the original on 10 August 2018
2096:How Mumbo-Jumbo Conquered the World
1926:
1774:from the original on 25 August 2010
1727:
1509:from the original on 1 October 2014
1439:Buehrle, Sarah (19 November 2001).
1219:from the original on 6 October 2014
1205:McNeilage, Amy (4–5 October 2014).
1154:"Honorary Degrees: A Short History"
817:University of Massachusetts Amherst
771:University of Massachusetts Amherst
211:University of the State of New York
24:
2680:from the original on 11 March 2015
2613:Owoseje, Toyin (9 December 2022).
2475:Storin, Matthew V. (17 May 2009).
2367:from the original on 13 March 2012
2297:MacLeod, Murdo (14 January 2007).
2211:"UMass faculty, students boo Card"
1746:from the original on 14 April 2006
247:
209:, and the board of regents of the
82:("for the sake of the honour") or
25:
4608:
3067:
3059:from the original on 3 July 2022.
2895:from the original on 14 July 2014
2866:from the original on 23 July 2014
2757:from the original on 7 April 2018
2676:. Protocol School of Washington.
1970:from the original on 16 June 2010
1826:from the original on 26 June 2010
1715:from the original on 29 July 2014
1613:. 16 October 2012. Archived from
1289:from the original on 15 July 2014
1160:from the original on 25 June 2014
935:in 1756, and doctorates from the
753:received an honorary degree from
701:a leading exponent) and the post-
689:who had been educated at Oxford.
591:Some US universities such as the
413:Auckland University of Technology
215:United States Office of Education
203:American Philological Association
4558:
4549:
4548:
4290:
4283:
4276:
3467:
3073:
2836:from the original on 16 May 2015
2487:from the original on 20 May 2009
2437:from the original on 17 May 2009
1996:from the original on 6 July 2010
1742:. MIT News Office. 8 June 2001.
1679:from the original on 3 July 2013
1477:Kiesewetter, Sue (12 May 2001).
1441:"75-year-old is glad to be grad"
1268:, Oxford University Press (1935)
1076:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
472:
363:
3162:Certificate of Higher Education
3041:
3009:
2979:
2949:
2923:
2907:
2878:
2848:
2818:
2788:
2769:
2739:
2723:
2666:
2632:
2606:
2580:
2555:
2529:
2468:
2423:
2352:
2321:
2290:
2264:
2233:
2203:
2173:
2143:
2113:
2069:Thatcher snubbed by Oxford dons
2060:
2008:
1982:
1956:
1838:
1812:
1786:
1759:
1691:
1661:
1629:
1599:
1587:from the original on 5 May 2021
1569:
1539:
1521:
1491:
1470:
1453:
1432:
1415:
1396:
1386:The Journal of Higher Education
1364:The Journal of Higher Education
1355:
1345:The Journal of Higher Education
1336:
1326:The Journal of Higher Education
1239:"Honorary Doctorate Guidelines"
1066:Bandung Institute of Technology
1046:Bandung Institute of Technology
953:in his first term as president.
933:The College of William and Mary
838:views on abortion and supports
483:needs additional citations for
127:The practice dates back to the
2328:Vaznis, James (6 April 2007).
2240:Martin, Sandra (29 May 2013).
2041:Arenson, Karen (31 May 1999).
1577:"Doctorates of the University"
1317:
1301:
1271:
1231:
1172:
1124:
980:, and was a co-founder of the
641:
32:Bachelor's degree with honours
13:
1:
2217:. 26 May 2007. Archived from
2099:. HarperCollins. p. 77.
1309:Studies in English Literature
1117:
1080:Museum of the Cherokee Indian
778:University of Western Ontario
4569:Knowledge:WikiProject Awards
3478:Auxiliary science of history
1547:"Doctorates a dime a dozen?"
1266:Oxford University Ceremonies
925:after being awarded a D.F.A.
740:National Wildlife Federation
624:Degree of Uncommon Man/Woman
196:in 1852; not until 1861 did
7:
4376:Fraternities and sororities
3158:Diploma of Higher Education
2830:Thesamueljohnsonprize.co.uk
1938:University of Virginia News
1090:
1084:Western Carolina University
1074:, a respected elder of the
10:
4613:
2776:Honorary degree recipients
1992:. Adminpolicies.ucla.edu.
1529:"Honorary Doctorates 2022"
851:Prime Minister of Malaysia
544:University of Pennsylvania
461:
188:In the United States, the
29:
4535:
4450:
4351:
4301:
4274:
4221:
4125:
4069:
4058:
4038:
3930:
3882:
3867:
3833:
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3770:
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3593:
3556:
3522:
3515:
3500:
3475:
3402:
3321:
3280:
3273:
3245:
3207:
3198:
3170:
3133:
3124:
2705:The Sydney Morning Herald
2083:. Retrieved 9 April 2007.
1260:Buxton, L. H. Dudley and
1212:The Sydney Morning Herald
1008:, the first president of
937:University of St. Andrews
821:Michigan State University
736:It's Not Easy Bein' Green
677:In 1985, as a deliberate
321:, etc. are often awarded
162:) received the degree of
135:in the late 1470s by the
2644:West Virginia University
992:Free Software Foundation
961:Pembroke College, Oxford
464:List of honorary degrees
436:Doctor of Humane Letters
415:takes the special title
334:Archbishop of Canterbury
282:University of St Andrews
56:University of Maastricht
30:Not to be confused with
3154:Higher National Diploma
2860:Encyclopedia Britannica
2093:Wheen, Francis (2006).
2075:6 November 2018 at the
1669:University of Cambridge
1484:The Cincinnati Enquirer
1446:The Cincinnati Enquirer
1156:. Brandeis University.
1136:Honorarydegrees.wvu.edu
1050:Universitas Padjadjaran
1038:Universitas Gadjah Mada
965:Trinity College, Dublin
795:University of Edinburgh
765:, who served as Bush's
278:University of Cambridge
242:Lakota East High School
2826:"About Samuel Johnson"
2567:The Brown Daily Herald
2155:southampton.liunet.edu
2018:. St. John's College.
1966:. Stanfordalumni.org.
1422:Eells, Walter (1960).
1030:University of Belgrade
1018:University of Michigan
996:information technology
876:In December 2022, the
721:Stony Brook University
717:Long Island University
666:
609:University of Virginia
385:
59:
3261:Candidate of Sciences
2889:hamiltoninstitute.com
2640:"The Honorary Degree"
2274:. CBC. 16 June 2005.
2248:(obituary). Toronto.
1581:universidadazteca.net
1551:Archives.dailynews.lk
1132:"The Honorary Degree"
1054:Indonesian Government
1042:Universitas Indonesia
990:, the founder of the
744:National Park Service
657:Honoris Causa of the
649:
617:William Barton Rogers
371:
344:, later confirmed by
92:or, less commonly, a
42:
4437:Magical organization
3897:Intellectual freedom
3705:Master of ceremonies
3331:Academic certificate
3223:Postgraduate diploma
3082:at Wikimedia Commons
2513:. 22 February 2012.
2461:17 June 2010 at the
2433:. CNN. 14 May 2009.
1770:. Ezra.cornell.edu.
1706:University of Dublin
1553:. 11 November 2008.
1503:Education-portal.com
1405:The Phi Delta Kappan
1186:on 16 September 2009
1034:Lomonosov University
1022:University of Berlin
982:Polaroid Corporation
812:political corruption
659:University of Manila
492:improve this article
230:high school diplomas
190:Doctor of Philosophy
183:University of Oxford
137:University of Oxford
4502:Order of precedence
3366:Professional degree
2781:5 July 2008 at the
2592:The Brown and White
2161:on 15 February 1997
2125:southampton.liu.edu
1800:on 28 December 2011
1461:2002 S.B. 30 Report
1102:Freedom of the City
1026:Al-Azhar University
1014:Columbia University
1000:Lakehead University
973:, who invented the
947:University of Delhi
840:embryonic stem cell
713:Southampton College
698:analytic philosophy
601:Stanford University
450:Customary degrees (
194:Bucknell University
141:Bishop of Salisbury
4415:Hereditary society
3632:Royal family order
3293:Doctor of Sciences
2937:on 30 October 2021
2891:. 12 August 2008.
2246:The Globe and Mail
2185:Washingtonpost.com
2131:on 30 January 2008
1332:(4): 197, 199–200.
1262:Gibson, Strickland
1180:"Honorary Degrees"
922:The Colbert Report
849:, the wife of the
845:In February 2012,
808:human rights abuse
667:
636:alumni association
632:St. John's College
597:Cornell University
579:(Legum Doctor) or
548:Harvard University
444:Doctor of Divinity
386:
223:Gonzaga University
150:. On the visit of
139:. He later became
123:Historical origins
60:
4579:
4578:
4545:
4490:Campaign streamer
4272:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4217:
4216:
4052:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4029:
3988:
3987:
3818:
3817:
3713:
3712:
3656:
3610:Order of chivalry
3589:
3588:
3582:
3579:Self-styled order
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3385:Specialist degree
3269:
3268:
3237:Engineer's degree
3194:
3193:
3181:Bachelor's degree
3149:Foundation degree
3078:Media related to
3053:citizen-times.com
3029:on 13 August 2013
2735:978-0-385-51108-7
2594:. 14 October 2015
1944:on 8 October 2012
1882:on 31 August 2006
1142:on 30 March 2015.
1058:engineer's degree
929:Benjamin Franklin
899:social convention
859:Curtin University
787:R. v. Morgentaler
782:Henry Morgentaler
719:(now a campus of
683:Margaret Thatcher
524:
523:
516:
440:Doctor of Science
432:Doctor of Letters
378:George Washington
319:Doctor of Letters
315:Doctor of Science
311:higher doctorates
16:(Redirected from
4604:
4597:Doctoral degrees
4592:Honorary degrees
4562:
4561:
4552:
4551:
4539:
4517:Awareness ribbon
4512:Devotional medal
4425:Gentlemen's club
4294:
4287:
4280:
4067:
4066:
4056:
4055:
4044:
3998:Religion-related
3880:
3879:
3831:
3830:
3660:
3659:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3598:
3597:
3576:
3524:Founts of honour
3520:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3371:Graduate diploma
3288:Higher doctorate
3278:
3277:
3205:
3204:
3144:Associate degree
3131:
3130:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3077:
3061:
3060:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3022:. Archived from
3021:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2997:on 24 March 2012
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2953:
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2946:
2944:
2942:
2927:
2921:
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2905:
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2902:
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2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:on 8 August 2020
2802:. Archived from
2800:América Noticias
2792:
2786:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2743:
2737:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2650:on 30 March 2015
2646:. Archived from
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2584:
2578:
2577:
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2573:
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2553:
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2550:
2548:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2481:The Boston Globe
2472:
2466:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2407:. 2 April 2014.
2397:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2334:The Boston Globe
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2268:
2262:
2261:
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2257:
2237:
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2230:
2228:
2226:
2215:The Boston Globe
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2157:. Archived from
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2127:. Archived from
2117:
2111:
2110:
2090:
2084:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
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2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
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1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1910:. Archived from
1899:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1822:. Stanford.edu.
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
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1783:
1781:
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1763:
1757:
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1703:
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1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1649:on 8 August 2020
1648:
1642:. Archived from
1641:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1573:
1567:
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1457:
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1429:
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1393:
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1371:
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1353:
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1340:
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1333:
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1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1275:
1269:
1258:
1247:
1246:
1245:on 25 July 2017.
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1182:. Archived from
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1138:. Archived from
1128:
994:in the field of
988:Richard Stallman
815:Students at the
732:environmentalism
613:Thomas Jefferson
540:Brown University
536:Bachelor of Arts
519:
512:
508:
505:
499:
476:
468:
391:
133:Lionel Woodville
109:curriculum vitae
21:
4612:
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4607:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4542:fount of honour
4531:
4522:Code of conduct
4507:Honorary degree
4452:
4446:
4442:Religious order
4398:Learned society
4371:Fraternal order
4353:
4347:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4264:
4213:
4121:
4060:
4048:
4043:
4026:
3984:
3926:
3912:Humanitarianism
3871:
3863:
3859:Law enforcement
3849:List of highest
3837:
3825:
3814:
3766:
3709:
3651:
3644:
3636:
3585:
3552:
3504:
3496:
3471:
3466:
3436:
3427:
3410:Honorary degree
3398:
3394:Terminal degree
3356:Magister degree
3341:External degree
3323:
3317:
3265:
3241:
3218:Master's degree
3190:
3166:
3120:
3118:academic degree
3114:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3055:. 19 May 2017.
3047:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3015:
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3010:
3000:
2998:
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2984:
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2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2783:Wayback Machine
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2751:Washington Post
2745:
2744:
2740:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2653:
2651:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2623:
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2595:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2561:
2560:
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2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2473:
2469:
2463:Wayback Machine
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
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2398:
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2377:
2370:
2368:
2357:
2353:
2343:
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2326:
2322:
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2310:
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2291:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2187:. 22 May 2001.
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2091:
2087:
2077:Wayback Machine
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1896:
1885:
1883:
1872:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1852:on 18 June 2010
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1764:
1760:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1617:on 17 July 2014
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1437:
1433:
1420:
1416:
1401:
1397:
1382:
1375:
1360:
1356:
1341:
1337:
1322:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1259:
1250:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1097:Academic degree
1093:
912:Stephen Colbert
894:
828:Michael M. Crow
776:In 2005 at the
755:Yale University
728:Kermit the Frog
694:Jacques Derrida
687:prime ministers
651:Elena CeauĹźescu
644:
605:Rice University
589:
572:jure dignitatis
532:Amherst College
520:
509:
503:
500:
489:
477:
466:
460:
421:Open University
389:
366:
338:Lambeth degrees
250:
248:Modern practice
198:Yale University
125:
98:Hon. Causa
94:master's degree
68:academic degree
64:honorary degree
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4610:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4556:
4546:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4381:Secret society
4378:
4373:
4368:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4135:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4064:
4053:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4003:Ecclesiastical
3995:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3877:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3854:Campaign medal
3851:
3845:
3843:
3828:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3747:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3657:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3627:Order of merit
3624:
3623:
3622:
3620:Colonial order
3617:
3615:Military order
3606:
3604:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3574:
3571:
3566:
3564:Ecclesiastical
3560:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3529:
3527:
3517:
3510:
3498:
3497:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3382:
3380:Higher diploma
3377:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3336:Artist diploma
3333:
3327:
3325:
3324:classification
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3186:Honours degree
3183:
3177:
3175:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3069:
3068:External links
3066:
3063:
3062:
3040:
3008:
2978:
2948:
2922:
2919:978-1616890858
2906:
2877:
2847:
2817:
2787:
2768:
2738:
2722:
2691:
2665:
2631:
2605:
2579:
2554:
2528:
2511:The Australian
2498:
2467:
2448:
2422:
2392:
2361:"UMass Mugabe"
2351:
2320:
2289:
2263:
2232:
2221:on 28 May 2007
2202:
2181:"Yale Boycott"
2172:
2142:
2112:
2105:
2085:
2059:
2047:New York Times
2033:
2007:
1981:
1955:
1925:
1914:on 12 May 2008
1894:
1863:
1837:
1811:
1785:
1758:
1726:
1690:
1660:
1628:
1598:
1568:
1538:
1520:
1490:
1469:
1452:
1431:
1414:
1395:
1392:(4): 197, 201.
1373:
1370:(4): 197, 203.
1354:
1351:(4): 197, 200.
1335:
1316:
1300:
1270:
1248:
1230:
1215:. p. 31.
1197:
1171:
1145:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1072:Jeremiah Wolfe
1069:
1003:
985:
978:instant camera
968:
957:Samuel Johnson
954:
940:
926:
909:
893:
890:
767:Chief of Staff
751:George W. Bush
643:
640:
588:
585:
522:
521:
480:
478:
471:
459:
448:
428:Doctor of Laws
365:
362:
274:academic dress
249:
246:
164:Master of Arts
124:
121:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4609:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4557:
4555:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4528:
4527:Code of honor
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4485:Battle honour
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:Honor society
4408:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:Confraternity
4364:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4354:organisations
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
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4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4251:
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4246:
4244:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4210:
4209:Shoulder mark
4207:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4087:/Grand Cordon
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:(decorations)
4057:
4054:
4050:
4042:
4037:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
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3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
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3918:
3915:
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3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3772:Jurisdictions
3769:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:/Grand Cordon
3719:
3716:
3715:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3633:
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3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:Organisations
3567:
3565:
3562:
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3559:
3555:
3546:
3545:
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3536:
3535:
3534:
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3503:
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3424:
3421:
3419:
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3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
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3378:
3376:
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3311:
3309:
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3272:
3262:
3259:
3257:
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3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:Diplom degree
3230:
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3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:
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3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Undergraduate
3123:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3081:
3080:Honoris causa
3076:
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3058:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3025:
3018:
3012:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2966:
2962:
2961:Lists.gnu.org
2958:
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2932:
2926:
2920:
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2861:
2857:
2856:"Dr. Johnson"
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2406:
2402:
2396:
2388:
2382:
2366:
2363:. Umass.edu.
2362:
2355:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2308:
2305:. Edinburgh.
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2106:0-00-714097-5
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1533:www.shu.ac.uk
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1283:oxforddnb.com
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971:Edwin H. Land
969:
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874:
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868:
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847:Rosmah Mansor
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
813:
809:
804:
803:Robert Mugabe
800:
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3653:Post-nominal
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3281:Postdoctoral
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4304:and events
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