175:
100:
340:
452:
335:
345:
330:
448:
698:
838:. Other clinical findings include albuminuria, hematuria, hepatic enzyme derangement, and cardiac arrhythmias. Doses as low as 10 ml orally have been reported to be potentially fatal, whereas some patients have survived the ingestion of 60 ml of petroleum distillates. A history of coughing or choking in association with vomiting strongly suggests aspiration and hydrocarbon pneumonia.
451:
453:
722:
hydrocarbons. Petroleum ether bears normally a descriptive suffix giving the boiling range. Thus, from the leading international laboratory chemical suppliers it is possible to buy various petroleum ethers with boiling ranges such as 30–50 °C, 40–60 °C, 50–70 °C, 60–80 °C, etc. In
784:
DIN 51630 provides for petroleum spirit (also called spezialbenzine or petrolether) which is described as "a special boiling-point spirit (SBPS) commonly used in laboratory applications, having high volatility and low aromatics content." Its initial boiling point is above 25 °C, its final
730:
It is not advisable to employ a fraction with a wider boiling point range than 20 °C, because of possible loss of the more volatile portion during its use in recrystallisation, etc., and consequent different solubilising properties of the higher boiling residue.
818:
Inhalation overexposure causes primarily central nervous system (CNS) effects (headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and incoordination). In general, the toxicity is more pronounced with petroleum ethers containing higher concentrations of aromatic compounds.
833:
Oral ingestion of hydrocarbons often is associated with symptoms of mucous membrane irritation, vomiting, and central nervous system depression. Cyanosis, tachycardia, and tachypnea may appear as a result of aspiration, with subsequent development of
705:
The very lightest, most volatile liquid hydrocarbon solvents that can be bought from laboratory chemical suppliers may also be offered under the name petroleum ether. Petroleum ether consists mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbons and is usually low on
469:
353:
310:
812:
The naphtha mixtures that are distilled at a lower boiling temperature have a higher volatility and, generally speaking, a higher degree of toxicity than the higher boiling fractions.
815:
Exposure to petroleum ether occurs most commonly by either inhalation or through skin contact. Petroleum ether is metabolized by the liver with a biological half-life of 46–48 h.
781:" has the CAS Registry Number 8030-30-6, which also covers petroleum benzine and petroleum ether: that is, the lower boiling point non-aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.
454:
462:
423:
842:
is an acute hemorrhagic necrotizing disease that can develop within 24 h after the ingestion. Pneumonia may require several weeks for a complete resolution.
561:
867:
476:
769:
is assigned the CAS Registry Number 8032-32-4, which is also applied to many other products, particularly those with low boiling points, called
959:
727:
aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents with boiling ranges as high as 100–140 °C may be called petroleum ether, rather than petroleum spirit.
848:
Petroleum-derived distillates have not been shown to be carcinogenic in humans. Petroleum ether degrades rapidly in soil and water.
734:
Most of the unsaturated hydrocarbons may be removed by shaking two or three times with 10% of the volume worth of concentrated
928:
403:
719:
742:
in 10% sulfuric acid until the color of the permanganate remains unchanged. The solvent is then thoroughly washed with
770:
628:
655:
1055:
397:
125:
95:
344:
1060:
153:
339:
985:
585:
572:
334:
415:
107:
951:
499:
170:
802:
329:
981:
739:
839:
523:
367:
322:
738:; vigorous shaking is then continued with successive portions of a concentrated solution of
835:
806:
141:
134:
419:
61:
54:
8:
44:
174:
99:
827:
407:
1034:
Jerrold B. Leikin; Frank P. Paloucek, eds. (2008), "Petroleum
Distillates - Naphtha",
774:
711:
624:
886:
747:
743:
689:; the term is used only figuratively, signifying extreme lightness and volatility.
632:
276:
240:
755:
724:
512:
798:
649:
427:
265:
549:
1049:
735:
389:
229:
219:
88:
750:, and distilled. If required perfectly dry, it can be allowed to stand over
797:, and present a significant fire hazard. Fires should be fought with foam,
640:
681:
and boiling in the range 35–60 °C, and commonly used as a laboratory
475:
377:
794:
715:
678:
488:
461:
468:
251:
191:
108:
72:
707:
675:
671:
295:
648:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
845:
Intravenous administration produces fever and local tissue damage.
434:
1033:
697:
778:
766:
682:
636:
620:
255:
209:
373:
820:
751:
411:
385:
686:
158:
598:
1023:, vol. 3 (2nd ed.), Elsevier, pp. 377–379
1008:, vol. 3 (2nd ed.), Elsevier, pp. 372–375
915:, vol. 3 (2nd ed.), Elsevier, pp. 375–376
952:"Generic Hydrocarbon Solvents: a Guide to Nomenclature"
793:
Petroleum ethers are extremely volatile, have very low
823:
is known to cause axonal damage in peripheral nerves.
204:
Volatile, clear, colorless and non-fluorescent liquid
381:
746:solution and then with water, dried over anhydrous
1004:Stephen R Clough (2005), "Petroleum Distillates",
910:
1047:
1003:
885:N. Irving Sax, ed. (1957), "Petroleum Spirits",
234:42–62 °C (108–144 °F; 315–335 K)
224:< −73 °C (−99 °F; 200 K)
1019:Shayne C Gad (2005), "Petroleum Hydrocarbons",
980:
507:246.11 °C (475.00 °F; 519.26 K)
450:
60:
53:
32:Benzine; Light ligroin; Light petroleum; pether
911:Patricia J Beattie (2005), "Petroleum Ether",
868:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
685:. Despite the name, petroleum ether is not an
925:
884:
493:< 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K)
1018:
888:Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
864:
949:
718:to reduce the amount of aromatic and other
173:
98:
1038:(4th ed.), Informa, pp. 836–837
990:(5th ed.), Longman, pp. 397–398
932:(90th ed.), CRC Press, pp. 2–60
140:
133:
999:
997:
945:
943:
941:
939:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
696:
976:
974:
169:
1048:
89:
1012:
994:
936:
929:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
895:
880:
878:
971:
13:
875:
530:300 ppm (1370 mg/m) 8 h TWA (TWA)
446:
14:
1072:
1036:Poisoning and Toxicology Handbook
871:(7th ed.), Wiley, p. 41
865:Dieter Stoye (2007), "Solvents",
826:Skin contact can cause allergic
785:boiling point up to 80 °C.
343:
338:
333:
328:
652:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1027:
919:
858:
1:
851:
692:
566:(US health exposure limits):
891:, Reinhold, pp. 996–997
761:
592:100 ppm (400 mg/m) 10 h TWA
7:
987:Practical Organic Chemistry
926:David R. Lide, ed. (2010),
579:100 ppm (400 mg/m) 8 h TWA
538:or concentration (LD, LC):
16:Mixture of alkanes from oil
10:
1077:
1021:Encyclopedia of Toxicology
1006:Encyclopedia of Toxicology
913:Encyclopedia of Toxicology
788:
646:
609:
560:
534:
309:
304:
185:
37:
29:
24:
398:Precautionary statements
196:82.2 g/mol
773:, petroleum ether, and
674:fraction consisting of
740:potassium permanganate
702:
457:
840:Hydrocarbon pneumonia
700:
524:Threshold limit value
456:
1056:Hydrocarbon solvents
950:Alan Phenix (2007),
836:chemical pneumonitis
807:carbon tetrachloride
556:3400 ppm (rat, 4 h)
550:median concentration
439:(fire diamond)
723:the United States,
241:Solubility in water
21:
1061:Petroleum products
828:contact dermatitis
703:
656:Infobox references
610:Related compounds
601:(Immediate danger)
458:
19:
775:petroleum benzine
712:hydrodesulfurized
710:. It is commonly
664:Chemical compound
662:
661:
625:Petroleum benzine
616:Related compounds
368:Hazard statements
154:CompTox Dashboard
1068:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1001:
992:
991:
978:
969:
968:
956:
947:
934:
933:
923:
917:
916:
908:
893:
892:
882:
873:
872:
862:
771:petroleum spirit
748:calcium chloride
744:sodium carbonate
725:laboratory-grade
633:Stoddard solvent
629:Petroleum spirit
513:Explosive limits
478:
471:
464:
449:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
347:
342:
337:
332:
277:Refractive index
178:
177:
162:
160:
144:
137:
110:
102:
91:
64:
57:
22:
20:Petroleum ether
18:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1032:
1028:
1017:
1013:
1002:
995:
982:Arthur I. Vogel
979:
972:
960:WAAC Newsletter
954:
948:
937:
924:
920:
909:
896:
883:
876:
863:
859:
854:
791:
764:
756:calcium hydride
695:
668:Petroleum ether
665:
658:
653:
617:
602:
589:
576:
553:
547:
527:
517:1.4–5.9 %
504:
501:
483:
482:
481:
480:
473:
466:
459:
455:
447:
400:
370:
356:
325:
287:
285:
270:31 kPa (20 °C)
243:
181:
163:
156:
147:
120:
83:
67:
47:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1042:
1041:
1026:
1011:
993:
970:
935:
918:
894:
874:
856:
855:
853:
850:
799:carbon dioxide
790:
787:
763:
760:
694:
691:
663:
660:
659:
654:
650:standard state
647:
644:
643:
618:
615:
612:
611:
607:
606:
603:
597:
594:
593:
590:
584:
581:
580:
577:
571:
568:
567:
558:
557:
554:
545:
543:
540:
539:
532:
531:
528:
522:
519:
518:
515:
509:
508:
505:
498:
495:
494:
491:
485:
484:
474:
467:
460:
445:
444:
443:
442:
440:
431:
430:
424:P303+P361+P353
420:P301+P330+P331
401:
396:
393:
392:
371:
366:
363:
362:
357:
352:
349:
348:
326:
321:
318:
317:
307:
306:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
288:
283:
275:
272:
271:
268:
266:Vapor pressure
262:
261:
258:
248:
247:
244:
239:
236:
235:
232:
226:
225:
222:
216:
215:
212:
206:
205:
202:
198:
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194:
188:
187:
183:
182:
180:
179:
166:
164:
152:
149:
148:
146:
145:
138:
130:
128:
122:
121:
119:
118:
114:
112:
104:
103:
93:
85:
84:
82:
81:
77:
75:
69:
68:
66:
65:
58:
50:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1073:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1015:
1007:
1000:
998:
989:
988:
983:
977:
975:
966:
962:
961:
953:
946:
944:
942:
940:
931:
930:
922:
914:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
890:
889:
881:
879:
870:
869:
861:
857:
849:
846:
843:
841:
837:
831:
829:
824:
822:
816:
813:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
786:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:sulfuric acid
732:
728:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
699:
690:
688:
684:
680:
677:
673:
669:
657:
651:
645:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:
614:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
595:
591:
588:(Recommended)
587:
583:
582:
578:
575:(Permissible)
574:
570:
569:
565:
564:
559:
555:
551:
542:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:
516:
514:
511:
510:
506:
503:
497:
496:
492:
490:
487:
486:
479:
472:
465:
441:
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437:
433:
432:
402:
399:
395:
394:
372:
369:
365:
364:
361:
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355:
351:
350:
346:
341:
336:
331:
327:
324:
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319:
315:
313:
308:
303:
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297:
294:
293:
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278:
274:
273:
269:
267:
264:
263:
259:
257:
253:
250:
249:
245:
242:
238:
237:
233:
231:
230:Boiling point
228:
227:
223:
221:
220:Melting point
218:
217:
213:
211:
208:
207:
203:
200:
199:
195:
193:
190:
189:
184:
176:
172:
171:DTXSID5027699
168:
167:
165:
155:
151:
150:
143:
139:
136:
132:
131:
129:
127:
124:
123:
116:
115:
113:
111:
106:
105:
101:
97:
94:
92:
90:ECHA InfoCard
87:
86:
79:
78:
76:
74:
71:
70:
63:
59:
56:
52:
51:
49:
46:
42:
41:
36:
28:
23:
1035:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1005:
986:
964:
958:
927:
921:
912:
887:
866:
860:
847:
844:
832:
825:
817:
814:
811:
803:dry chemical
795:flash points
792:
783:
765:
733:
729:
716:hydrogenated
704:
701:litre bottle
679:hydrocarbons
667:
666:
641:White spirit
562:
535:
500:Autoignition
435:
359:
311:
280:
38:Identifiers
30:Other names
720:unsaturated
714:and may be
536:Lethal dose
502:temperature
489:Flash point
354:Signal word
300:0.46 mPa·s
214:0.653 g/mL
201:Appearance
186:Properties
96:100.029.498
1050:Categories
852:References
693:Properties
323:Pictograms
252:Solubility
246:insoluble
192:Molar mass
142:O3L624621X
135:5OQ4BMR99T
73:ChemSpider
45:CAS Number
762:Standards
754:wire, or
708:aromatics
676:aliphatic
672:petroleum
605:1000 ppm
428:P403+P235
416:P301+P310
314:labelling
296:Viscosity
117:232-453-7
109:EC Number
62:8030-30-6
55:8032-32-4
984:(1989),
436:NFPA 704
305:Hazards
260:soluble
779:Naphtha
767:Ligroin
683:solvent
670:is the
637:Naphtha
621:Ligroin
256:Ethanol
210:Density
821:Hexane
789:Safety
752:sodium
360:Danger
290:1.370
25:Names
955:(PDF)
687:ether
563:NIOSH
526:(TLV)
599:IDLH
412:P273
408:P243
404:P210
390:H411
386:H336
382:H315
378:H304
374:H225
126:UNII
80:none
967:(2)
805:or
777:. "
586:REL
573:PEL
312:GHS
254:in
159:EPA
1052::
996:^
973:^
965:29
963:,
957:,
938:^
897:^
877:^
830:.
819:n-
809:.
801:,
758:.
639:,
635:,
631:,
627:,
623:,
546:50
544:LC
426:,
422:,
418:,
414:,
410:,
406:,
388:,
384:,
380:,
376:,
316::
552:)
548:(
477:0
470:4
463:2
286:)
284:D
281:n
279:(
161:)
157:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
