Methamphetamine - Knowledge

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cellular mechanisms of plasticity that control vulnerability to drug addiction, and that this increased vulnerability is mediated by ΔFosB and its downstream transcriptional targets. ... Sexual behavior is highly rewarding (Tenk et al., 2009), and sexual experience causes sensitized drug-related behaviors, including cross-sensitization to amphetamine (Amph)-induced locomotor activity (Bradley and Meisel, 2001; Pitchers et al., 2010a) and enhanced Amph reward (Pitchers et al., 2010a). Moreover, sexual experience induces neural plasticity in the NAc similar to that induced by psychostimulant exposure, including increased dendritic spine density (Meisel and Mullins, 2006; Pitchers et al., 2010a), altered glutamate receptor trafficking, and decreased synaptic strength in prefrontal cortex-responding NAc shell neurons (Pitchers et al., 2012). Finally, periods of abstinence from sexual experience were found to be critical for enhanced Amph reward, NAc spinogenesis (Pitchers et al., 2010a), and glutamate receptor trafficking (Pitchers et al., 2012). These findings suggest that natural and drug reward experiences share common mechanisms of neural plasticity

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that define a state of addiction. ... A large body of literature has demonstrated that such ΔFosB induction in D1-type neurons increases an animal's sensitivity to drug as well as natural rewards and promotes drug self-administration, presumably through a process of positive reinforcement ... Another ΔFosB target is cFos: as ΔFosB accumulates with repeated drug exposure it represses c-Fos and contributes to the molecular switch whereby ΔFosB is selectively induced in the chronic drug-treated state.. ... Moreover, there is increasing evidence that, despite a range of genetic risks for addiction across the population, exposure to sufficiently high doses of a drug for long periods of time can transform someone who has relatively lower genetic loading into an addict.

8695:ΔFosB has been linked directly to several addiction-related behaviors ... Importantly, genetic or viral overexpression of ΔJunD, a dominant-negative mutant of JunD which antagonizes ΔFosB- and other AP-1-mediated transcriptional activity, in the NAc or OFC blocks these key effects of drug exposure. This indicates that ΔFosB is both necessary and sufficient for many of the changes wrought in the brain by chronic drug exposure. ΔFosB is also induced in D1-type NAc MSNs by chronic consumption of several natural rewards, including sucrose, high-fat food, sex, wheel running, where it promotes that consumption. This implicates ΔFosB in the regulation of natural rewards under normal conditions and perhaps during pathological addictive-like states. 6750:

al., 2004). In addition, the brains of METH abusers show evidence of hyperintensities in white matter (Bae et al., 2006; Ernst et al., 2000), decreases in the neuronal marker, N-acetylaspartate (Ernst et al., 2000; Sung et al., 2007), reductions in a marker of metabolic integrity, creatine (Sekine et al., 2002) and increases in a marker of glial activation, myoinositol (Chang et al., 2002; Ernst et al., 2000; Sung et al., 2007; Yen et al., 1994). Elevated choline levels, which are indicative of increased cellular membrane synthesis and turnover are also evident in the frontal gray matter of METH abusers (Ernst et al., 2000; Salo et al., 2007; Taylor et al., 2007).

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symptoms and relapse in abstinent smokers (Daniel et al., 2006; Prochaska et al., 2008), and one drug recovery program has seen success in participants that train for and compete in a marathon as part of the program (Butler, 2005). ... In humans, the role of dopamine signaling in incentive-sensitization processes has recently been highlighted by the observation of a dopamine dysregulation syndrome in some patients taking dopaminergic drugs. This syndrome is characterized by a medication-induced increase in (or compulsive) engagement in non-drug rewards such as gambling, shopping, or sex (Evans et al., 2006; Aiken, 2007; Lader, 2008).

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demonstrated how dopamine modulates this integrative process. For example, high frequency stimulation potentiates hippocampal inputs to the NAc while simultaneously depressing PFC synapses (Goto and Grace, 2005). The converse was also shown to be true; stimulation at PFC potentiates PFC–NAc synapses but depresses hippocampal–NAc synapses. In light of the new functional evidence of midbrain dopamine/glutamate co-transmission (references above), new experiments of NAc function will have to test whether midbrain glutamatergic inputs bias or filter either limbic or cortical inputs to guide goal-directed behavior.

4871: 4815: 4832: 4627: 4116: 1055: 1032: 67: 7797:σ Receptors seem to play an important role in many of the effects of METH. They are present in the organs that mediate the actions of METH (e.g. brain, heart, lungs) . In the brain, METH acts primarily on the dopaminergic system to cause acute locomotor stimulant, subchronic sensitized, and neurotoxic effects. σ Receptors are present on dopaminergic neurons and their activation stimulates dopamine synthesis and release . σ-2 Receptors modulate DAT and the release of dopamine via protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca2+-calmodulin systems . 7638:

intimately involved in synaptic plasticity. Despite their prevalence and spectrum of functions, appreciation of their potential general importance has been elusive since their identification in the mid-1800s, and only relatively recently have they been gaining their due respect. This development of appreciation has been nurtured by the growing awareness that drugs of abuse, including the psychostimulants, affect glial activity, and glial activity, in turn, has been found to modulate the effects of the psychostimulants

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and putamen, but not the medial preoptic nucleus. ... these findings support a critical role for DeltaFosB expression in the NAc in the reinforcing effects of sexual behavior and sexual experience-induced facilitation of sexual performance. ... both drug addiction and sexual addiction represent pathological forms of neuroplasticity along with the emergence of aberrant behaviors involving a cascade of neurochemical changes mainly in the brain's rewarding circuitry.

2448: 14183: 1648: 7799:σ-1 Receptor antisense and antagonists have been shown to block the acute locomotor stimulant effects of METH . Repeated administration or self administration of METH has been shown to upregulate σ-1 receptor protein and mRNA in various brain regions including the substantia nigra, frontal cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, and hippocampus . Additionally, σ receptor antagonists ... prevent the development of behavioral sensitization to METH . ... 4979:, was one of the first brands of pharmaceutical methamphetamine products. Because of the psychological and stimulant effects of methamphetamine, Obetrol became a popular diet pill in America in the 1950s and 1960s. Eventually, as the addictive properties of the drug became known, governments began to strictly regulate the production and distribution of methamphetamine. For example, during the early 1970s in the United States, methamphetamine became a 4956:), as a snide allusion to Göring's widely-known addiction to drugs. However, the side effects, particularly the withdrawal symptoms, were so serious that the army sharply cut back its usage in 1940. By 1941, usage was restricted to a doctor's prescription, and the military tightly controlled its distribution. Soldiers would only receive a couple of tablets at a time, and were discouraged from using them in combat. Historian Łukasz Kamieński says, 4859: 2020: 11683:

man. ... The lack of effect of administration of neomycin to one patient indicates that the hydroxylation occurs in body tissues. ... a major portion of the β-hydroxylation of hydroxyamphetamine occurs in non-adrenal tissue. Unfortunately, at the present time one cannot be completely certain that the hydroxylation of hydroxyamphetamine in vivo is accomplished by the same enzyme which converts dopamine to noradrenaline.

4616: 1636: 1915:(teeth grinding and clenching)". As dry mouth is also a common side effect of other stimulants, which are not known to contribute severe tooth decay, many researchers suggest that methamphetamine-associated tooth decay is more due to users' other choices. They suggest the side effect has been exaggerated and stylized to create a stereotype of current users as a deterrence for new ones. 5093:). This is in contrast to high, repeated doses which cause neurotoxicity. These models demonstrate that low-dose methamphetamine increases neurogenesis and reduces apoptosis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus following TBI. It has also been found that TBI patients testing positive for methamphetamine at the time of emergency department admission have lower rates of mortality. 4356:. The amphetamine metabolite peaks at 10–24 hours. Methamphetamine is excreted by the kidneys, with the rate of excretion into the urine heavily influenced by urinary pH. When taken orally, 30–54% of the dose is excreted in urine as methamphetamine and 10–23% as amphetamine. Following IV doses, about 45% is excreted as methamphetamine and 7% as amphetamine. The 8244:) where it recruits HDAC1 as a corepressor. ... Chronic exposure to psychostimulants increases glutamatergic from the prefrontal cortex to the NAc. Glutamatergic signaling elevates Ca2+ levels in NAc postsynaptic elements where it activates CaMK (calcium/calmodulin protein kinases) signaling, which, in addition to phosphorylating CREB, also phosphorylates HDAC5. 3970:

mechanism of death in these cases is not reported in these statistics and is difficult to know. Unlike Fentanyl which causes respiratory depression, methamphetamine is not a respiratory depressant. Some deaths are as a result of intracranial hemorrhage and some deaths are cardiovascular in nature including flash pulmonary edema and ventricular fibrillation.

5026:, also known as The Company, is understood to be the main international crime syndicate responsible for this shift. It is made up of members of five different triads. Sam Gor is primarily involved in drug trafficking, earning at least $ 8 billion per year. Sam Gor is alleged to control 40% of the Asia-Pacific methamphetamine market, while also trafficking 6743:

prefrontal cortex, and the caudate-putamen (McCann et al., 1998, 2008; Sekine et al., 2003; Volkow et al., 2001a, 2001c). The density of serotonin transporters (5-HTT) is also decreased in the midbrain, caudate, putamen, hypothalamus, thalamus, the orbitofrontal, temporal, and cingulate cortices of METH-dependent individuals (Sekine et al., 2006) ...

3076:(RCTs) for amphetamine and methamphetamine addiction; it found only low-strength evidence that methylphenidate might reduce amphetamine or methamphetamine self-administration. There was low- to moderate-strength evidence of no benefit for most of the other medications used in RCTs, which included antidepressants (bupropion, 4344:. Following oral administration, methamphetamine is well-absorbed into the bloodstream, with peak plasma methamphetamine concentrations achieved in approximately 3.13–6.3 hours post ingestion. Methamphetamine is also well absorbed following inhalation and following intranasal administration. Because of the high 8441:ΔFosB serves as one of the master control proteins governing this structural plasticity. ... ΔFosB also represses G9a expression, leading to reduced repressive histone methylation at the cdk5 gene. The net result is gene activation and increased CDK5 expression. ... In contrast, ΔFosB binds to the 8330:

Most addictive drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), projection areas of mesocorticolimbic DA neurons and key components of the "brain reward circuit". Amphetamine achieves this elevation in extracellular levels of

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Glia (including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes), which constitute the majority of cells in the brain, have many of the same receptors as neurons, secrete neurotransmitters and neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory factors, control clearance of neurotransmitters from synaptic clefts, and are

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Methamphetamine addiction is persistent for many individuals, with 61% of individuals treated for addiction relapsing within one year. About half of those with methamphetamine addiction continue with use over a ten-year period, while the other half reduce use starting at about one to four years after

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Methamphetamine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with peak methamphetamine concentrations occurring in 3.13 to 6.3 hours post ingestion. Methamphetamine is also well absorbed following inhalation and following intranasal administration. It is distributed to most parts of the body.

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The 35-37 kD ΔFosB isoforms accumulate with chronic drug exposure due to their extraordinarily long half-lives. ... As a result of its stability, the ΔFosB protein persists in neurons for at least several weeks after cessation of drug exposure. ... ΔFosB overexpression in nucleus accumbens

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increase cAMP levels in striatum, which activates protein kinase A (PKA) and leads to phosphorylation of its targets. This includes the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), the phosphorylation of which induces its association with the histone acetyltransferase, CREB binding protein (CBP) to

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Addiction: A term used to indicate the most severe, chronic stage of substance-use disorder, in which there is a substantial loss of self-control, as indicated by compulsive drug taking despite the desire to stop taking the drug. In the DSM-5, the term addiction is synonymous with the classification

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Substance-use disorder: A diagnostic term in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) referring to recurrent use of alcohol or other drugs that causes clinically and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to

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TAAR1 overexpression significantly decreased EAAT-2 levels and glutamate clearance ... METH treatment activated TAAR1 leading to intracellular cAMP in human astrocytes and modulated glutamate clearance abilities. Furthermore, molecular alterations in astrocyte TAAR1 levels correspond to changes

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Drugs of abuse induce neuroplasticity in the natural reward pathway, specifically the nucleus accumbens (NAc), thereby causing development and expression of addictive behavior. ... Together, these findings demonstrate that drugs of abuse and natural reward behaviors act on common molecular and

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It has been found that deltaFosB gene in the NAc is critical for reinforcing effects of sexual reward. Pitchers and colleagues (2010) reported that sexual experience was shown to cause DeltaFosB accumulation in several limbic brain regions including the NAc, medial pre-frontal cortex, VTA, caudate,

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Neuroimaging studies have revealed that METH can indeed cause neurodegenerative changes in the brains of human addicts (Aron and Paulus, 2007; Chang et al., 2007). These abnormalities include persistent decreases in the levels of dopamine transporters (DAT) in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral

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Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in METH addicts have revealed substantial morphological changes in their brains. These include loss of gray matter in the cingulate, limbic and paralimbic cortices, significant shrinkage of hippocampi, and hypertrophy of white matter (Thompson et

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Methamphetamine overdose is a diverse term. It frequently refers to the exaggeration of the unusual effects with features such as irritability, agitation, hallucinations and paranoia. The cardiovascular effects are typically not noticed in young healthy people. Hypertension and tachycardia are not

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The prevalence of this withdrawal syndrome is extremely common (Cantwell 1998; Gossop 1982) with 87.6% of 647 individuals with amphetamine dependence reporting six or more signs of amphetamine withdrawal listed in the DSM when the drug is not available (Schuckit 1999) ... Withdrawal symptoms

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Similar to environmental enrichment, studies have found that exercise reduces self-administration and relapse to drugs of abuse (Cosgrove et al., 2002; Zlebnik et al., 2010). There is also some evidence that these preclinical findings translate to human populations, as exercise reduces withdrawal

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Despite the importance of numerous psychosocial factors, at its core, drug addiction involves a biological process: the ability of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse to induce changes in a vulnerable brain that drive the compulsive seeking and taking of drugs, and loss of control over drug use,

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Hydroxyamphetamine was administered orally to five human subjects ... Since conversion of hydroxyamphetamine to hydroxynorephedrine occurs in vitro by the action of dopamine-β-oxidase, a simple method is suggested for measuring the activity of this enzyme and the effect of its inhibitors in

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AMPH and METH also stimulate DA efflux, which is thought to be a crucial element in their addictive properties , although the mechanisms do not appear to be identical for each drug . These processes are PKCβ– and CaMK–dependent , and PKCβ knock-out mice display decreased AMPH-induced efflux that

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The CDC reported that the number of deaths in the United States involving psychostimulants with abuse potential to be 23,837 in 2020 and 32,537 in 2021. This category code (ICD–10 of T43.6) includes primarily methamphetamine but also other stimulants such as amphetamine, and methylphenidate. The

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in recreational users of methamphetamine, "when chronic heavy users abruptly discontinue use, many report a time-limited withdrawal syndrome that occurs within 24 hours of their last dose". Withdrawal symptoms in chronic, high-dose users are frequent, occurring in up to 87.6% of cases, and

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and unknown casual partners, an association more pronounced in HIV-positive participants. These findings suggest that methamphetamine use and engagement in unprotected anal intercourse are co-occurring risk behaviors, behaviors that potentially heighten the risk of HIV transmission among gay and

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or the belief that insects are crawling under their skin, and the damage is compounded by poor diet and hygiene. Numerous deaths related to methamphetamine overdoses have been reported. Additionally, "ostmortem examinations of human tissues have linked use of the drug to diseases associated with

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in both adults and children; however, the FDA also indicates that the limited therapeutic usefulness of methamphetamine should be weighed against the inherent risks associated with its use. To avoid toxicity and risk of side effects, FDA guidelines recommend an initial dose of methamphetamine at

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A minority of individuals who use amphetamines develop full-blown psychosis requiring care at emergency departments or psychiatric hospitals. In such cases, symptoms of amphetamine psychosis commonly include paranoid and persecutory delusions as well as auditory and visual hallucinations in the

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METH is a schedule II drug, which can only be prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), extreme obesity, or narcolepsy (as Desoxyn; Recordati Rare Diseases LLC, Lebanon, NJ), with amphetamine being prescribed more often for these conditions due to amphetamine having lower

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The simplest unsubstituted phenylisopropylamine, 1-phenyl-2-aminopropane, or amphetamine, serves as a common structural template for hallucinogens and psychostimulants. Amphetamine produces central stimulant, anorectic, and sympathomimetic actions, and it is the prototype member of this class

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for sports, employment, poisoning diagnostics, and forensics. Chiral techniques may be employed to help distinguish the source of the drug to determine whether it was obtained illicitly or legally via prescription or prodrug. Chiral separation is needed to assess the possible contribution of

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Coincident and convergent input often induces plasticity on a postsynaptic neuron. The NAc integrates processed information about the environment from basolateral amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as projections from midbrain dopamine neurons. Previous studies have

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Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent amphetamine-type stimulant that has high abuse potential and can be smoked, snorted, injected, or taken orally. The drug is high in lipid solubility and can cross the blood-brain barrier more readily than amphetamine due to the addition of an extra methyl

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doses 5–10 mg/day for ADHD in adults and children over six years of age, and may be increased at weekly intervals of 5 mg, up to 25 mg/day, until optimum clinical response is found; the usual effective dose is around 20–25 mg/day. Methamphetamine is sometimes prescribed

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of gastrointestinal content and urine affects the absorption and excretion of methamphetamine. Specifically, acidic substances will reduce the absorption of methamphetamine and increase urinary excretion, while alkaline substances do the opposite. Owing to the effect pH has on absorption,

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Both racemic methamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine are illicitly trafficked and sold owing to their potential for recreational use. The highest prevalence of illegal methamphetamine use occurs in parts of Asia and Oceania, and in the United States, where racemic methamphetamine and

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The primary site of metabolism is in the liver by aromatic hydroxylation, N-dealkylation and deamination. At least seven metabolites have been identified in the urine, with the main metabolites being amphetamine (active) and 4-hydroxymethamphetamine. Other minor metabolites include

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A 2011 study into the destruction of methamphetamine using bleach showed that effectiveness is correlated with exposure time and concentration. A year-long study (also from 2011) showed that methamphetamine in soils is a persistent pollutant. In a 2013 study of bioreactors in

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typically present within 24 hours of the last use of amphetamine, with a withdrawal syndrome involving two general phases that can last 3 weeks or more. The first phase of this syndrome is the initial "crash" that resolves within about a week (Gossop 1982;McGregor 2005)

5100:, can provide significant protection against the DA- and 5-HT-depleting effects of neurotoxic doses of methamphetamine. Protection against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity has also been observed following administration of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), cobalamin (vitamin B 2816:

for most of the behavioral and neural adaptations that arise from addiction. Once ΔFosB is sufficiently overexpressed, it induces an addictive state that becomes increasingly more severe with further increases in ΔFosB expression. It has been implicated in addictions to

12166:"Enantiomeric separation and quantitation of (+/-)-amphetamine, (+/-)-methamphetamine, (+/-)-MDA, (+/-)-MDMA, and (+/-)-MDEA in urine specimens by GC-EI-MS after derivatization with (R)-(−)- or (S)-(+)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethy)phenylacetyl chloride (MTPA)" 11035:

inhibition of firing due to increased release of dopamine; (b) reduction of D2 and GABAB receptor-mediated inhibitory responses (excitatory effects due to disinhibition); and (c) a direct TA1 receptor-mediated activation of GIRK channels which produce cell membrane

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labetalol is especially useful for treatment of concomitant tachycardia and hypertension induced by methamphetamine. The phenomenon of "unopposed alpha stimulation" has not been reported with the use of beta-blockers for treatment of methamphetamine toxicity.

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of ΔFosB (i.e., they cause the brain to produce more of it), chronic acquisition of these rewards can result in a similar pathological state of addiction. ΔFosB is the most significant factor involved in both amphetamine addiction and amphetamine-induced

16011: 5034:. The organization is active in a variety of countries, including Myanmar, Thailand, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, China, and Taiwan. Sam Gor previously produced meth in Southern China and is now believed to manufacture mainly in the 4960:

A soldier going to battle on Pervitin usually found himself unable to perform effectively for the next day or two. Suffering from a drug hangover and looking more like a zombie than a great warrior, he had to recover from the side

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review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine use-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely. The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial,

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of 330 children showed that at the age of 3, children with methamphetamine exposure showed increased emotional reactivity, as well as more signs of anxiety and depression; and at the age of 5, children showed higher rates of

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Yuan J, Hatzidimitriou G, Suthar P, Mueller M, McCann U, Ricaurte G (March 2006). "Relationship between temperature, dopaminergic neurotoxicity, and plasma drug concentrations in methamphetamine-treated squirrel monkeys".

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Topical nasal decongestants --(i) For products containing levmetamfetamine identified in 341.20(b)(1) when used in an inhalant dosage form. The product delivers in every 800 milliliters of air 0.04 to 0.150 milligrams of

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Collectively, these pathological processes contribute to neurotoxicity (e.g., increased BBB permeability, inflammation, neuronal degeneration, cell death) and neuropsychiatric impairments (e.g., cognitive deficits, mood

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In contrast, the methamphetamine hydrochloride salt is odorless with a bitter taste. It has a melting point between 170 and 175 °C (338 and 347 °F) and, at room temperature, occurs as white crystals or a white

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is expected to develop with regular methamphetamine use and, when used recreationally, this tolerance develops rapidly. In dependent users, withdrawal symptoms are positively correlated with the level of drug tolerance.

4127:(not shown). TAAR1 activation also causes some of the dopamine transporters to move into the presynaptic neuron and cease transport (not shown). At VMAT2 (labeled VMAT), methamphetamine causes dopamine efflux (release). 6747:

There is compelling evidence that the negative neuropsychiatric consequences of METH abuse are due, at least in part, to drug-induced neuropathological changes in the brains of these METH-exposed individuals ...

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Huang YN, Yang LY, Wang JY, Lai CC, Chiu CT, Wang JY (January 2017). "L-Ascorbate Protects Against Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity of Cortical Cells via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis".

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AMPH also increases intracellular calcium (Gnegy et al., 2004) that is associated with calmodulin/CamKII activation (Wei et al., 2007) and modulation and trafficking of the DAT (Fog et al., 2006; Sakrikar et al.,

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DA by promoting efflux from synaptic terminals. ... Chronic exposure to amphetamine induces a unique transcription factor delta FosB, which plays an essential role in long-term adaptive changes in the brain.

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can completely block many of the neural and behavioral alterations seen in chronic drug use (i.e., the alterations mediated by ΔFosB). ΔFosB also plays an important role in regulating behavioral responses to

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The associated research only involved amphetamine, not methamphetamine; however, this statement is included here due to the similarity between the pharmacodynamics and aphrodisiac effects of amphetamine and

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neurons. It has been demonstrated that a high core temperature is correlated with an increase in the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine. Withdrawal of methamphetamine in dependent persons may lead to

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to monitor their symptoms while taking methamphetamine. Owing to the potential for stunted growth, the FDA advises monitoring the height and weight of growing children and adolescents during treatment.

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de la Torre R, Farré M, Navarro M, Pacifici R, Zuccaro P, Pichini S (2004). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of amfetamine and related substances: monitoring in conventional and non-conventional matrices".

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presence of extreme agitation. More common (about 18%) is for frequent amphetamine users to report psychotic symptoms that are sub-clinical and that do not require high-intensity intervention ...

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gene that helps create the molecular switch—from the induction of several short-lived Fos family proteins after acute drug exposure to the predominant accumulation of ΔFosB after chronic drug exposure

1623:, with repeated use, these sexual encounters will sometimes occur continuously for several days on end. The crash following the use of methamphetamine in this manner is very often severe, with marked 7122: 6109:

Cashman JR, Xiong YN, Xu L, Janowsky A (March 1999). "N-oxygenation of amphetamine and methamphetamine by the human flavin-containing monooxygenase (form 3): role in bioactivation and detoxication".

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Xu J, Zhang Z, Liu R, Sun Y, Liu H, Nie Z, et al. (May 2019). "Function of complement factor H and imaging of small molecules by MALDI-MSI in a methamphetamine behavioral sensitization model".

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in the United States. Internationally, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries, owing to its placement in schedule II of the

11560:(39). ... The phase 1 metabolism of amphetamine analogs is catalyzed by two systems: cytochrome P450 and flavin monooxygenase. ... Amphetamine can also undergo aromatic hydroxylation to 2885:, which are compulsive sexual behaviors that result from excessive sexual activity and amphetamine use. These sex addictions (i.e., drug-induced compulsive sexual behaviors) are associated with a 19422: 2758: months, slowly accumulates following repeated high-dose exposure to stimulants through this process. ΔFosB functions as "one of the master control proteins" that produces addiction-related 13007: 1615:

is based around sexual activity and methamphetamine use. Participants in this subculture, which consists almost entirely of homosexual male methamphetamine users, will typically meet up through

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Chan B, Freeman M, Kondo K, Ayers C, Montgomery J, Paynter R, et al. (December 2019). "Pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine/amphetamine use disorder-a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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was another individual involved in the production and trafficking of methamphetamine until his arrest in 2005. It was estimated over 18 tonnes of methamphetamine were produced under his watch.

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under acidic aqueous conditions to yield methamphetamine as the final product. Alternatively, phenylacetone can be reacted with methylamine under reducing conditions to yield methamphetamine.

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species, contribute to the metabolism of methamphetamine via an enzyme which N-demethylates methamphetamine and 4-hydroxymethamphetamine into amphetamine and 4-hydroxyamphetamine respectively.

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Richards JR, Albertson TE, Derlet RW, Lange RA, Olson KR, Horowitz BZ (May 2015). "Treatment of toxicity from amphetamines, related derivatives, and analogues: a systematic clinical review".

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The main metabolic pathways involve aromatic para-hydroxylation, aliphatic alpha- and beta-hydroxylation, N-oxidation, N-dealkylation, and deamination. The known metabolic pathways include:

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enzyme, both directly oppose the induction of ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens (i.e., they oppose increases in its expression). Sufficiently overexpressing ΔJunD in the nucleus accumbens with

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Rau TF, Kothiwal AS, Rova AR, Brooks DM, Poulsen DJ (August 2012). "Treatment with low-dose methamphetamine improves behavioral and cognitive function after severe traumatic brain injury".

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Melega WP, Cho AK, Schmitz D, Kuczenski R, Segal DS (February 1999). "l-methamphetamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for assessment of in vivo deprenyl-derived l-methamphetamine".

4602:, which is an active ingredients in some OTC nasal decongestants, toward a positive test result. Dietary zinc supplements can mask the presence of methamphetamine and other drugs in urine. 4002:) will increase methamphetamine excretion but is not recommended as it may increase the risk of aggravating acidosis, or cause seizures or rhabdomyolysis. Hypertension presents a risk for 6538:"Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Subchapter D – Drugs for human use, Part 341 – cold, cough, allergy, bronchodilator, and antiasthmatic drug products for over-the-counter human use" 4123:

terminal to the left, and the dopaminergic terminal in the presence of methamphetamine to the right. Methamphetamine reverses the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT) by activating

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Santagati NA, Ferrara G, Marrazzo A, Ronsisvalle G (September 2002). "Simultaneous determination of amphetamine and one of its metabolites by HPLC with electrochemical detection".

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in response to psychostimulant exposure. ΔFosB is also upregulated by chronic psychostimulant treatments, and is known to activate certain genes (eg, cdk5) and repress others (eg,

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TAAR1 is largely located in the intracellular compartments both in neurons (Miller, 2011), in glial cells (Cisneros and Ghorpade, 2014) and in peripheral tissues (Grandy, 2007)

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Dopamine-β-hydroxylase catalyzed the removal of the pro-R hydrogen atom and the production of 1-norephedrine, (2S,1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyl-1-phenylpropane, from d-amphetamine.

9548:"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions for individuals with cocaine and amphetamine addiction: A systematic review and network meta-analysis" 2268:– psychoactive substances that with repeated use are associated with significantly higher rates of substance use disorders, due in large part to the drug's effect on brain 26940: 5580: 2484: 13070: 12606: 5400:

relationship means that ΔFosB overexpression in the nucleus accumbens and addiction-related behavioral and neural adaptations always occur together and never occur alone.

4070:(MAOIs), since both MAOIs and methamphetamine increase plasma catecholamines; therefore, concurrent use of both is dangerous. Methamphetamine may decrease the effects of 1895:

Methamphetamine users, particularly heavy users, may lose their teeth abnormally quickly, regardless of the route of administration, from a condition informally known as

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Paone S, Clarkson L, Sin B, Punnapuzha S (August 2018). "Recognition of Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema (SCAPE) and use of high-dose nitroglycerin infusion".

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Some soldiers turned violent, committing war crimes against civilians; others attacked their own officers. At the end of the war, it was used as part of a new drug:

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O'Phelan K, McArthur DL, Chang CW, Green D, Hovda DA (September 2008). "The impact of substance abuse on mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury".

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gene occurs in concert with the recruitment of a histone deacetylase and presumably several other repressive proteins such as a repressive histone methyltransferase

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to such an extent that users are able to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days while binging the drug. Methamphetamine is known to possess a high

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Pal R, Megharaj M, Kirkbride KP, Heinrich T, Naidu R (October 2011). "Biotic and abiotic degradation of illicit drugs, their precursor, and by-products in soil".

6945: 6579: 5496:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 – Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2754:

acts as a molecular switch that enables the accumulation of ΔFosB in the neuron. A highly stable (phosphorylated) form of ΔFosB, one that persists in neurons for

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A 2010 study ranking various illegal and legal drugs based on statements by drug-harm experts. Methamphetamine was found to be the fourth most damaging to users.

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Cass WA, Smith MP, Peters LE (August 2006). "Calcitriol protects against the dopamine- and serotonin-depleting effects of neurotoxic doses of methamphetamine".

13127: 19467: 15599: 511: 12048:

Kraemer T, Maurer HH (August 1998). "Determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine and amphetamine-derived designer drugs or medicaments in blood and urine".

6545: 4288:(MAO-B). Sigma receptor activation by methamphetamine may facilitate its central nervous system stimulant effects and promote neurotoxicity within the brain. 24575: 13160: 12573: 7217: 4304:

effects, a longer half-life, and longer perceived effects among heavy substance users. At high doses, both enantiomers of methamphetamine can induce similar

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had the highest efficacy (i.e., abstinence rate) and acceptability (i.e., lowest dropout rate). Other treatment modalities examined in the analysis included

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and other processes contributed to this neurotoxicity. In line with its dopaminergic neurotoxicity, methamphetamine use is associated with a higher risk of

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bisexual men. Methamphetamine use allows users of both sexes to engage in prolonged sexual activity, which may cause genital sores and abrasions as well as

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salt, commonly called crystal meth, is widely used. Methamphetamine is rarely prescribed over concerns involving its potential for recreational use as an

23028: 20170: 16989: 14033: 8345:"Transcriptional and epigenetic substrates of methamphetamine addiction and withdrawal: evidence from a long-access self-administration model in the rat" 2435: 19161: 6429: 5983: 5157: 2989: 26960: 24555: 24492: 24391: 16767: 13011: 12959: 11341:

Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, Nath RP, Fernandez E, Jacob P, et al. (October 2006). "Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers".

2107:. In addition to its dopaminergic neurotoxicity, a review of evidence in humans indicated that high-dose methamphetamine use can also be neurotoxic to 11725: 10084: 6287: 3164:

persist for three to four weeks with a marked "crash" phase occurring during the first week. Methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms can include anxiety,

2906: 488: 26975: 17943: 16281: 14495: 11695: 10014: 5038:, specifically Shan State, Myanmar, responsible for much of the massive surge of crystal meth in circa 2019. The group is understood to be headed by 6194: 2916:

A review in 2015 summarized a number of studies involving chronic methamphetamine use in rodents. Epigenetic alterations were observed in the brain

1346:, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite, and promote weight loss. At very high doses, it can induce 19912: 16026: 8175:

meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home. Depending on the level of severity, this disorder is classified as mild, moderate, or severe.

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Hussain F, Frare RW, Py Berrios KL (2012). "Drug abuse identification and pain management in dental patients: a case study and literature review".

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The term metamfetamine (the International Non-Proprietary Name: INN) strictly relates to the specific enantiomer (S)-N,α-dimethylbenzeneethanamine.

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treaty. While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is illicitly produced more often, owing to the relative ease of

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Despite concerted efforts to identify a pharmacotherapy for managing stimulant use disorders, no widely effective medications have been approved.

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Johnson Z, Venters J, Guarraci FA, Zewail-Foote M (June 2015). "Methamphetamine induces DNA damage in specific regions of the female rat brain".

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for methamphetamine addiction. A systematic review and meta-analysis from 2019 assessed the efficacy of 17 different pharmacotherapies used in

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may occur in particular regions of the brain, and may contribute importantly to the addiction phenotype. In 2014, a crucial role was found for

13094: 11291:"Hippocampus norepinephrine, caudate dopamine and serotonin, and behavioral responses to the stereoisomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine" 23670: 23625: 23237: 16592: 9925: 8771:ΔFosB is an essential transcription factor implicated in the molecular and behavioral pathways of addiction following repeated drug exposure. 6334: 5886: 2048: 339: 11918: 11057: 7422: 7250: 6054: 24221: 24136: 23562: 22365: 16552: 13861: 11823: 11793: 10600: 7156: 6515: 3278: 2603: 2389: 2196:

as a result. Activation of astrocyte-localized TAAR1 appears to function as a mechanism by which methamphetamine attenuates membrane-bound

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In addition to its effect on the plasma membrane monoamine transporters, methamphetamine inhibits synaptic vesicle function by inhibiting

25123: 24226: 24151: 24101: 23772: 23507: 23485: 23460: 23450: 23295: 20239: 18649: 16712: 14490: 13063:"The Man Accused of Running the Biggest Drug Trafficking Syndicate in Asia's History has Been Revealed: Here's What Needs To Happen Next" 12901: 11546: 10662:"The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity" 3789:

do not show immediate signs of withdrawal. Instead, cognitive and behavioral problems start emerging when the children reach school age.

2631: 559: 26434: 26429: 21921: 19206: 19201: 10556:

Richards JR, Derlet RW, Duncan DR (September 1997). "Methamphetamine toxicity: treatment with a benzodiazepine versus a butyrophenone".

10469:"A Case report of hemodynamic instability, cardiac arrest, and acute severe dyspnea subsequent to inhalation of crystal methamphetamine" 25482: 25432: 23847: 23797: 23739: 23734: 20245: 16307: 6609: 4980: 2096: 1627:(excessive daytime sleepiness). The party and play subculture is prevalent in major US cities such as San Francisco and New York City. 26449: 26424: 19196: 19171: 19166: 12981: 8880: 7451: 6257: 3978:

Acute methamphetamine intoxication is largely managed by treating the symptoms and treatments may initially include administration of

26970: 25168: 25163: 25158: 25153: 25143: 25138: 25133: 25128: 25118: 25108: 25098: 25078: 25068: 25063: 25058: 24873: 24813: 24061: 24056: 24051: 24046: 23827: 23640: 23410: 19462: 19357: 14219: 13617: 12816: 7067: 5074:. In some jurisdictions, it is legally available as a prescription medication. Methamphetamine has been placed in schedule II of the 4189: 2323:– dependence socially seen as being extremely mild compared to physical dependence (e.g., with enough willpower it could be overcome) 26444: 26439: 26419: 26414: 19191: 13040: 12526:"Characterization of route specific impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized by the Leuckart and reductive amination methods" 11427:

Because methamphetamine has a high lipophilicity it is distributed across the blood brain barrier and crosses the placenta. ...

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gene and recruits several co-repressors, including HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1) and SIRT 1 (sirtuin 1). ... The net result is

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Neuropsychological studies have detected deficits in attention, working memory, and decision-making in chronic METH addicts ...

4188:. Methamphetamine is also known to increase intracellular calcium, an effect which is associated with DAT phosphorylation through a 500: 25038: 25033: 24983: 24774: 24725: 24076: 24071: 24066: 23957: 23952: 23832: 23537: 23435: 23430: 23415: 23350: 23345: 23092: 22443: 20293: 20164: 19989: 17019: 16198: 14028: 12741: 12664: 7186: 3802: 1509: 1253: 5455: 2948:. Gene-specific DNA methylations in particular regions of the brain were also observed. The various epigenetic alterations caused 1899:. The condition is generally most severe in users who inject the drug, rather than swallow, smoke, or inhale it. According to the 25003: 24893: 24883: 24878: 24730: 24041: 23532: 23021: 22247: 19106: 16777: 16317: 15996: 15569: 9599:"Combination pharmacotherapies for stimulant use disorder: a review of clinical findings and recommendations for future research" 8248: 6227: 3037:

of 50 trials involving 12 different psychosocial interventions for amphetamine, methamphetamine, or cocaine addiction found that

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aging, such as coronary atherosclerosis and pulmonary fibrosis", which may be caused "by a considerable rise in the formation of

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Venkatratnam A, Lents NH (July 2011). "Zinc reduces the detection of cocaine, methamphetamine, and THC by ELISA urine testing".

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Carvalho M, Carmo H, Costa VM, Capela JP, Pontes H, Remião F, et al. (August 2012). "Toxicity of amphetamines: an update".

5572: 26945: 25452: 24766: 24644: 24411: 24026: 24021: 22480: 22427: 20233: 19362: 19186: 17007: 16677: 16208: 13062: 12598: 11153: 10889:"Amphetamine modulates excitatory neurotransmission through endocytosis of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 in dopamine neurons" 10187:

Findings from one trial indicate use of antipsychotic medications effectively resolves symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.

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and crystalline methamphetamine, including for export to the United States and across East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

4219:, which prevents monoamine uptake into the vesicles and promotes their release. This results in the outflow of monoamines from 3450: 2279:– an adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus (e.g., drug intake) 13477: 4398:

are the enzymes known to metabolize methamphetamine or its metabolites in humans. The primary metabolites are amphetamine and

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that are induced by chronic high-dose exposure to psychostimulants that increase the concentration of synaptic dopamine, like

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Goldberger BA, Cone EJ (July 1994). "Confirmatory tests for drugs in the workplace by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry".

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Albertson TE (2011). "Amphetamines". In Olson KR, Anderson IB, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD, Kearney TE, Kim-Katz SY, Wu AH (eds.).

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Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.).

5162: 5142: 1209: 13653: 10722: 10633: 6403: 6149: 5953:

Methamphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant drug, is p-hydroxylated by CYP2D6 to less active p-OH-methamphetamine.

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related fatalities in 2017 were 70,200, including 10,333 of those related to psychostimulants (including methamphetamine).

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powder. The hydrochloride salt is also freely soluble in ethanol and water. The crystal structure of either enantiomer is

26819: 24770: 24276: 21272: 20584: 20286: 20175: 19520: 16632: 16001: 14442: 12769: 12374: 11085:"TAAR1 activation modulates monoaminergic neurotransmission, preventing hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic activity" 9749: 7874:"Methamphetamine and HIV-1-induced neurotoxicity: role of trace amine associated receptor 1 cAMP signaling in astrocytes" 6571: 3231:. This withdrawal syndrome is relatively mild and only requires medical intervention in approximately 4% of cases. 2221:, with micromolar affinity. Sigma receptor activation may promote methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity by facilitating 25349: 23014: 22076: 21383: 20726: 19151: 18452: 18358: 17128: 16727: 16101: 15382: 14559: 13478:"Protective effects of vitamin C and E on amygdala of methamphetamine-induced brain disorder on adult male Wistar rats" 13202: 6959: 5489: 5253:-methylamphetamine, desoxyephedrine, Syndrox, Methedrine, and Desoxyn. Common slang terms for methamphetamine include: 2421: 1903:, meth mouth "is probably caused by a combination of drug-induced psychological and physiological changes resulting in 547: 13230: 9018:"Sex, drugs, and rock 'n' roll: hypothesizing common mesolimbic activation as a function of reward gene polymorphisms" 8022:

Rodvelt KR, Miller DK (September 2010). "Could sigma receptor ligands be a treatment for methamphetamine addiction?".

5831:"The neuroprotective potential of low-dose methamphetamine in preclinical models of stroke and traumatic brain injury" 26995: 25477: 25467: 25447: 24669: 24517: 24474: 22121: 20215: 16747: 16732: 16702: 16557: 16467: 16153: 16118: 15470: 15221: 14658: 14359: 14354: 13967: 13962: 13117: 10185:

About 5–15% of the users who develop an amphetamine psychosis fail to recover completely (Hofmann 1983) ...

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Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 4: Signal Transduction in the Brain". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.).

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Animal models have shown that low-dose methamphetamine improves cognitive and behavioural functioning following TBI (

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neurons. Methamphetamine neurotoxicity causes adverse changes in brain structure and function, such as reductions in

1184: 627: 285: 221: 157: 6456:"Molecular, Behavioral, and Physiological Consequences of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity: Implications for Treatment" 2357:– a condition in which the use of substances leads to clinically and functionally significant impairment or distress 1414:

symptoms will occur when methamphetamine use ceases). Withdrawal from methamphetamine after heavy use may lead to a

25987: 25805: 25472: 25457: 25442: 25225: 24679: 24659: 24337: 22665: 22660: 22081: 21388: 20731: 18457: 16717: 16622: 16537: 16482: 16291: 16123: 16111: 14526: 12578: 6537: 6013:"Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases: structure/function, genetic polymorphisms and role in drug metabolism" 5147: 5035: 5008: 4920:

From 1938, methamphetamine was marketed on a large scale in Germany as a nonprescription drug under the brand name

3046: 2996: 2382: 14038: 13152: 12584: 9176:"Patterns of treatment utilization and methamphetamine use during first 10 years after methamphetamine initiation" 7530:

Darke S, Kaye S, McKetin R, Duflou J (May 2008). "Major physical and psychological harms of methamphetamine use".

4243:. SLC22A3 is an extraneuronal monoamine transporter that is present in astrocytes, and SLC22A5 is a high-affinity 3958: 3927: 2004: 1347: 26100: 25800: 25750: 25462: 24570: 24376: 24313: 23117: 22252: 21773: 21018: 19898: 18857: 18551: 18462: 16956: 16880: 16782: 16477: 16441: 16276: 16183: 15544: 14485: 14133: 11568:-hydroxynorephedrine. Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA β-hydroxylase can afford norephedrine. 9127:"Time to relapse following treatment for methamphetamine use: a long-term perspective on patterns and predictors" 8623: 5065: 2949: 2886: 1245: 757: 460: 14101: 1283:, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine in their pure amine forms, but the 26540: 26409: 26394: 26389: 25972: 24664: 24269: 23157: 22447: 22217: 22061: 21624: 21593: 21368: 20887: 20861: 20716: 19146: 19116: 18442: 18437: 18137: 18053: 17002: 16757: 16742: 16722: 16697: 16682: 16642: 16582: 16532: 16168: 7209: 4153: 3932:

Use of methamphetamine can result in a stimulant psychosis which may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g.,

2813: 2794: 2580: 2571: 2113: 1943:. The level of needle sharing among methamphetamine users is similar to that among other drug injection users. 1549: 1415: 1312: 11535:(7th ed.). Philadelphia, USA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 646–648. 10125:

Unlike cocaine and amphetamine, methamphetamine is directly toxic at higher doses to midbrain dopamine neurons

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liability (i.e., a high likelihood that long-term or high dose use will lead to compulsive drug use) and high

844: 26384: 26379: 25967: 25962: 25727: 24806: 24654: 24649: 24527: 22717: 22106: 22056: 22051: 21768: 21363: 20711: 19136: 19121: 18521: 18432: 18427: 17968: 16936: 16885: 16657: 16652: 16647: 16572: 16567: 16562: 16502: 16213: 15058: 14212: 14043: 7118: 6425: 5972: 5494:"RDC Nº 804 – Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" 5152: 4882:

Amphetamine, discovered before methamphetamine, was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany by Romanian chemist

4470: 12951: 5773:"Methamphetamine: an update on epidemiology, pharmacology, clinical phenomenology, and treatment literature" 1923:

Methamphetamine use was found to be related to higher frequencies of unprotected sexual intercourse in both

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in the United States. Methamphetamine hydrochloride dispensed in the United States is required to include a

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Kraemer T, Paul LD (August 2007). "Bioanalytical procedures for determination of drugs of abuse in blood".

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Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Holtzman DM (2015). "Chapter 16: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders".

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De Crescenzo F, Ciabattini M, D'Alò GL, De Giorgi R, Del Giovane C, Cassar C, et al. (December 2018).

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Kenny PJ, Markou A (May 2004). "The ups and downs of addiction: role of metabotropic glutamate receptors".

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acetylate histones and facilitate gene activation. This is known to occur on many genes including fosB and

6279: 5497: 4067: 3423: 3054: 1050: 895: 523: 403: 19141: 9916:"Babies born to meth-affected mothers seem well behaved, but their passive nature masks a serious problem" 7416:"Methamphetamine Use and Health | UNSW: The University of New South Wales – Faculty of Medicine" 7006:

Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis".

4192:(CAMK)-dependent signaling pathway, in turn producing dopamine efflux. TAAR1 has been shown to reduce the 1995:", persistent non-goal-directed repetitive activity. Methamphetamine use also has a high association with 972: 26950: 26930: 26920: 26814: 26321: 26316: 25361: 24720: 24585: 24565: 24497: 24308: 23942: 22242: 22237: 22212: 22166: 21876: 21608: 21588: 21212: 21140: 20509: 20439: 20197: 19561: 19101: 18988: 18983: 18699: 17938: 16858: 16794: 16737: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16587: 16577: 16527: 16522: 16512: 16492: 16472: 16431: 15882: 6182: 4373: 4333: 4255: 3073: 2375: 2031:-mediated neuroimmune response to methamphetamine use which results in the increased permeability of the 1900: 1702: 1608: 1011: 680: 595: 423: 407: 11564:-hydroxyamphetamine. ... Subsequent oxidation at the benzylic position by DA β-hydroxylase affords 7801:σ Receptor agonists have been shown to facilitate dopamine release, through both σ-1 and σ-2 receptors . 2158:

in recreational methamphetamine users. Moreover, evidence suggests that adverse changes in the level of

25952: 24830: 24822: 24699: 22670: 22527: 22473: 21793: 21743: 20209: 19216: 18634: 18556: 17930: 16966: 16941: 16667: 16627: 16597: 16542: 14956: 14344: 13952: 13939: 12367:"Chemical Interaction of Bleach and Methamphetamine: A Study of Degradation and Transformation Effects" 11970:

Caldwell J, Hawksworth GM (May 1973). "The demethylation of methamphetamine by intestinal microflora".

5371: 5222: 5070:

The production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or illegal in many

4999:. As of January 2013, the Desoxyn trademark had been sold to Italian pharmaceutical company Recordati. 4341: 4232: 4161: 4145: 3786: 2992:. Glutamate receptors play an important role in regulating the reinforcing effects of addictive drugs. 2341:– stimuli that the brain interprets as intrinsically positive and desirable or as something to approach 2119: 1444: 1418:, which can persist for months beyond the typical withdrawal period. At high doses, methamphetamine is 600: 399: 18107: 13423:

Moshiri M, Hosseiniyan SM, Moallem SA, Hadizadeh F, Jafarian AH, Ghadiri A, et al. (April 2018).

10853: 7921:"Trace amine-associated receptor 1: A promising target for the treatment of psychostimulant addiction" 4765:

methods. In the Leuckart reaction, one equivalent of phenylacetone is reacted with two equivalents of

3710: 1115: 722: 27000: 26265: 26095: 23887: 23595: 20317: 20309: 20180: 19269: 18033: 17448: 16971: 16218: 15952: 15897: 15030: 14641: 13677: 11177:"VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse" 10468: 7595:

Beardsley PM, Hauser KF (2014). "Glial Modulators as Potential Treatments of Psychostimulant Abuse".

5022:

Concerning the accelerating synthetic drug production in the region, the Cantonese Chinese syndicate

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region. During repair of such DNA damages, persistent chromatin alterations may occur such as in the

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genes, activating those genes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). c-fos is well known to be important in

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sites and have sex. Because of its strong stimulant and aphrodisiac effects and inhibitory effect on

1545: 590: 349: 25292: 22742: 21207: 20504: 18102: 8356: 7020: 6309: 4383: 2447: 27010: 26980: 26915: 24799: 24292: 22752: 21991: 21714: 21267: 20987: 20564: 20046: 20038: 18704: 18541: 17593: 17188: 17053: 15589: 14205: 13972: 3793: 3285: 2981:

gene is also important in addiction, since mutational inactivation of this gene impairs addiction.

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As methamphetamine is associated with a high potential for misuse, the drug is regulated under the

1027: 368: 17: 9074:"Natural and drug rewards act on common neural plasticity mechanisms with ΔFosB as a key mediator" 8453: 5878: 2953: 27005: 26985: 26331: 26290: 26014: 25882: 25877: 25867: 25795: 25785: 25539: 25529: 25512: 25371: 24624: 24600: 24595: 24580: 24507: 24502: 24327: 22767: 22278: 22156: 21971: 21931: 21896: 21886: 21160: 21150: 20459: 20449: 19952: 19003: 18998: 18689: 18122: 18063: 18013: 18008: 17958: 17558: 16271: 16238: 16228: 16178: 16173: 15798: 15117: 15112: 14163: 11956: 11815: 11785: 11049: 10592: 8904:"Methylphenidate-induced dendritic spine formation and DeltaFosB expression in nucleus accumbens" 8737:

Ruffle JK (November 2014). "Molecular neurobiology of addiction: what's all the (Δ)FosB about?".

7242: 6507: 6092: 4870: 4369: 4349: 4231:, and their subsequent release into the synaptic cleft by the phosphorylated transporters. Other 4003: 3798: 3252: 3185: 2890: 2805:). ΔFosB plays a crucial role in the development of drug addictions, since its overexpression in 2122:

studies on human methamphetamine users have also found evidence of neurodegeneration, or adverse

2040: 2032: 1726: 1451: 1448: 415: 388: 302: 22458: 16261: 11845: 11755: 10206: 10200: 7335:"Longitudinal Modeling of Methamphetamine Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Gay and Bisexual Men" 7148: 4901:. Three decades later, in 1919, methamphetamine hydrochloride was synthesized by pharmacologist 4736:, methamphetamine was found to be largely degraded within 30 days under exposure to light. 26491: 26459: 26368: 26007: 25775: 25412: 25321: 25313: 25305: 25297: 24762: 24758: 24754: 24694: 24096: 23897: 23605: 23147: 22980:

or in the associated compound articles. For TAAR2 and TAAR5 agonists and inverse agonists, see

22906: 22737: 22732: 22727: 22574: 22439: 22435: 22303: 22207: 22171: 22146: 21583: 21468: 20856: 20764: 19932: 19601: 19477: 19226: 18945: 18629: 18132: 18018: 17978: 17963: 16352: 15788: 15783: 15519: 15320: 15124: 15053: 14552: 14432: 14399: 14088: 13890: 7386: 7015: 6904: 6638:"Recent advances in methamphetamine neurotoxicity mechanisms and its molecular pathophysiology" 5113: 5090: 4491: 4416: 3949: 3883: 3042: 2921: 2802: 2763: 2728: 2624: 2353: 2225:, increasing dopamine synthesis and release, influencing microglial activation, and modulating 2104: 1670: 1526: 1455: 1440:

volume in several brain regions, as well as adverse changes in markers of metabolic integrity.

1261: 1233: 993: 608: 330: 15680: 12885: 11528: 11083:

Revel FG, Moreau JL, Gainetdinov RR, Bradaia A, Sotnikova TD, Mory R, et al. (May 2011).

10744:

Borowsky B, Adham N, Jones KA, Raddatz R, Artymyshyn R, Ogozalek KL, et al. (July 2001).

9651: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9328:"Methamphetamine downregulates striatal glutamate receptors via diverse epigenetic mechanisms" 6857:"Practice parameters for the treatment of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias of central origin" 6335:"Jadi pengedar sabu seorang IRT di Pidoli Dolok ditangkap Polisi – ANTARA News Sumatera Utara" 5713:

Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM (August 2010). "The clinical toxicology of metamfetamine".

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apparent unless measured. A moderate overdose of methamphetamine may induce symptoms such as:

26935: 26326: 26270: 26143: 26128: 26117: 25770: 25507: 25487: 24689: 24619: 23502: 22492: 22466: 22298: 22141: 21460: 21418: 20756: 20674: 20227: 19985: 19442: 19078: 18802: 18624: 17458: 17443: 17435: 16233: 16188: 16148: 15604: 14846: 14682: 14568: 14349: 14322: 14153: 14096: 14007: 13957: 13923: 13919: 13915: 13907: 13903: 13880: 10805:"A receptor mechanism for methamphetamine action in dopamine transporter regulation in brain" 5173: 4646: 4642: 4540: 4410: 4357: 4289: 4209: 4185: 4165: 4100: 4063: 3914:

neurotoxicity. Death from methamphetamine poisoning is typically preceded by convulsions and

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phosphorylation. Phosphorylated CREB increases levels of ΔFosB, which in turn represses the

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Neurobiological effects of physical exercise § Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Preventing Amphetamine-type Stimulant Use Among Young People: A Policy and Programming Guide

10377:"Increased rupture risk in small intracranial aneurysms associated with methamphetamine use" 4156:(cAMP) production and either completely inhibits or reverses the transport direction of the 2876:, such as palatable food, sex, and exercise. Since both natural rewards and addictive drugs 26955: 26647: 26506: 26501: 26158: 26148: 26138: 26002: 25790: 25742: 25687: 25677: 25427: 24750: 24704: 24590: 23325: 22702: 22431: 22151: 22126: 21986: 21941: 21891: 21506: 21450: 21332: 21262: 20977: 20772: 20634: 20559: 20191: 19776: 19287: 18684: 18591: 18561: 18368: 18205: 17983: 17453: 17133: 17123: 16961: 16853: 16266: 16223: 16163: 16091: 16064: 15584: 15559: 15529: 15524: 15350: 15151: 14447: 14339: 14186: 14002: 13947: 13911: 13899: 13670: 13345: 12985: 12846:

Defalque RJ, Wright AJ (April 2011). "Methamphetamine for Hitler's Germany: 1937 to 1945".

12688:"The pH Levels of Different Methamphetamine Drug Samples on the Street Market in Cape Town" 12452: 12405: 12321: 11923:

Pharmacological Research : The Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society

11188: 11096: 10757: 9941:"Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and childhood behavior problems at 3 and 5 years of age" 9642: 8915: 8872: 8603: 8314: 7822: 6250:"Methedrine (methamphetamine hydrochloride): Uses, Symptoms, Signs and Addiction Treatment" 6249: 5920: 5231: 5167: 5096:

It has been suggested, based on animal research, that calcitriol, the active metabolite of

5015:, Myanmar, is the world's leading producer of methamphetamine as production has shifted to 4626: 4533: 4404: 4157: 3995: 3875: 3305: 3165: 2952:

of specific genes important in addiction. For instance, chronic methamphetamine use caused

2786: 2537: 2530: 2523: 2516: 2509: 2275: 1768: 1407: 1355: 1269: 912: 904: 701: 357: 19535: 7085: 5906: 5904: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3631: 3625: 3366: 884: 8: 26990: 26925: 26809: 26555: 26358: 26305: 25957: 25872: 25862: 25810: 25780: 25716: 25603: 25534: 25524: 25407: 22707: 22293: 22031: 21881: 21723: 21501: 21423: 21257: 21155: 21145: 21068: 21002: 20679: 20569: 20454: 20444: 20367: 19292: 18862: 18674: 18505: 18383: 18274: 18210: 18003: 17988: 17948: 17334: 17221: 17046: 16931: 16868: 16436: 16372: 16106: 15808: 15730: 15177: 15161: 15107: 14991: 14247: 14058: 14012: 13648: 7654:. International Review of Neurobiology. Vol. 118. Academic Press. pp. 165–197. 7308: 4821: 4762: 4650: 4599: 4556:

The primary metabolites of methamphetamine are amphetamine and 4-hydroxymethamphetamine.

4526: 4391: 4325: 4297: 4285: 4281: 3991: 3871: 3815: 3713: 3395: 3227:

syndrome, with symptoms involving of abnormal sleep patterns, poor feeding, tremors, and

3224: 3038: 3019:

that contribute to the persistent epigenetic changes found in methamphetamine addiction.

3008: 2957: 2945: 2809: 2365:– the diminishing effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose 2303: 2162:

of metabolic integrity and synthesis occur in recreational users, such as a reduction in

2126:

changes in brain structure and function. In particular, methamphetamine appears to cause

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Pitchers KK, Vialou V, Nestler EJ, Laviolette SR, Lehman MN, Coolen LM (February 2013).

9016:

Blum K, Werner T, Carnes S, Carnes P, Bowirrat A, Giordano J, et al. (March 2012).

8919: 7826: 7178: 6480: 6455: 5924: 3899: 2291:– the escalating effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose 1054: 1031: 26168: 26163: 25265: 24160: 23187: 23161: 23040: 22814: 22611: 22308: 21644: 21639: 21135: 20902: 20434: 19980: 19052: 19038: 18993: 18978: 17478: 17463: 17115: 16875: 16462: 16081: 15937: 15892: 15872: 15831: 14949: 14817: 14769: 14619: 13896: 13599: 13574: 13556: 13523: 13453: 13424: 13369: 12714: 12687: 12550: 12525: 12441:"Stereoselective biodegradation of amphetamine and methamphetamine in river microcosms" 12342: 12309: 12230: 12108: 11995: 11983: 11943: 11901: 11876: 11668: 11659: 11643: 11467: 11366: 11315: 11306: 11290: 11209: 11176: 11119: 11084: 11021: 10994: 10966: 10941: 10913: 10888: 10829: 10804: 10686: 10661: 10449: 10401: 10376: 10352: 10325: 10306: 10256: 10231: 10168: 10143: 10076: 10064: 9965: 9940: 9853: 9828: 9725: 9700: 9681: 9623: 9598: 9574: 9547: 9520: 9495: 9476: 9352: 9327: 9303: 9278: 9254: 9229: 9200: 9175: 9151: 9126: 9098: 9073: 9042: 9017: 8990: 8965: 8938: 8903: 8844: 8819: 8762: 8681: 8656: 8615: 8553: 8528: 8496: 8471: 8427: 8402: 8373: 8344: 8286: 8261: 8221: 8212: 8196: 8160: 8135: 8107: 8090: 7997: 7945: 7920: 7898: 7873: 7846: 7783: 7758: 7724: 7715: 7699: 7678: 7659: 7623: 7604: 7507: 7482: 7359: 7334: 7041: 6881: 6856: 6855:

Morgenthaler TI, Kapur VK, Brown T, Swick TJ, Alessi C, Aurora RN, et al. (2007).

6832: 6815: 6791: 6766: 6728: 6703: 6664: 6637: 6079: 6037: 6012: 5944: 5932: 5901: 5797: 5772: 5746: 5660: 5467: 4228: 3979: 3895: 3273: 2917: 2697: 2068: 2064: 2024: 1772: 1538: 1324: 12859: 12417: 12061: 11601: 11505: 7029: 6719: 6219: 4814: 26496: 26243: 26233: 26203: 26133: 25825: 25568: 25240: 22948: 22569: 22564: 21519: 21343: 21190: 20805: 20639: 20488: 19960: 19826: 19211: 19063: 18714: 18082: 17809: 17573: 17513: 17468: 16946: 16926: 16517: 16322: 16193: 16054: 15851: 15818: 15793: 15305: 15038: 14711: 14545: 14318: 13886: 13843: 13786: 13604: 13561: 13543: 13458: 13405: 13361: 13318: 13283: 13192: 12931: 12891: 12863: 12795: 12719: 12633: 12555: 12470: 12421: 12347: 12290: 12253: 12222: 12218: 12187: 12143: 12139: 12100: 12065: 12030: 11987: 11948: 11906: 11673: 11606: 11536: 11509: 11459: 11405: 11358: 11320: 11268: 11241: 11214: 11200: 11124: 11026: 10971: 10918: 10834: 10785: 10780: 10745: 10691: 10677: 10573: 10569: 10538: 10534: 10486: 10441: 10406: 10357: 10310: 10298: 10261: 10210: 10173: 10114: 10068: 9993: 9970: 9896: 9858: 9802: 9730: 9716: 9685: 9673: 9628: 9579: 9525: 9468: 9433: 9392: 9357: 9326:

Jayanthi S, McCoy MT, Chen B, Britt JP, Kourrich S, Yau HJ, et al. (July 2014).

9308: 9259: 9205: 9156: 9142: 9103: 9047: 8995: 8981: 8943: 8849: 8835: 8754: 8712: 8686: 8607: 8558: 8501: 8432: 8378: 8291: 8226: 8165: 8112: 8062: 8039: 7989: 7950: 7903: 7889: 7838: 7788: 7729: 7683: 7663: 7628: 7608: 7547: 7512: 7364: 7286: 7075: 7033: 6986: 6951: 6886: 6837: 6796: 6733: 6669: 6485: 6118: 6084: 6070: 6042: 6028: 5936: 5860: 5852: 5802: 5788: 5738: 5730: 5652: 5647: 5630: 4838: 4831: 4767: 4758: 4701: 4368:

hours in most studies. The elimination half-life of methamphetamine does not vary by

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Besides the sexual transmission of HIV, it may also be transmitted between users who

1742: 1730: 1578:

form of the drug, flattening the curve of the effect of the drug while extending it.

1574:

are both pharmaceutical forms of the drug. The latter is no longer produced and is a

1459: 983: 320: 12234: 12112: 11999: 11471: 11370: 11145: 10995:"Electrophysiological effects of trace amines on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons" 10453: 10232:"Potential adverse effects of amphetamine treatment on brain and behavior: a review" 10080: 9939:

LaGasse LL, Derauf C, Smith LM, Newman E, Shah R, Neal C, et al. (April 2012).

9779:

Pérez-Mañá C, Castells X, Torrens M, Capellà D, Farre M (2013). Pérez-Mañá C (ed.).

9480: 8766: 8619: 8001: 5948: 5750: 5664: 4949: 4883: 4006:(i.e., bleeding in the brain) and, if severe, is typically treated with intravenous 26238: 26218: 26058: 25722: 25697: 25641: 25281: 23729: 23695: 23192: 23172: 23048: 22582: 22197: 22041: 21951: 21840: 21704: 21578: 21491: 21348: 21084: 20972: 20851: 20795: 20644: 20383: 20269: 19964: 19347: 19156: 19018: 18895: 18654: 18526: 18516: 18417: 18317: 18152: 17885: 17578: 17226: 16863: 16446: 16362: 16143: 16086: 16074: 15773: 15652: 15594: 15554: 15511: 15412: 15315: 15276: 15259: 15197: 15094: 14464: 14426: 14282: 14276: 13927: 13855: 13814: 13594: 13586: 13551: 13535: 13448: 13444: 13440: 13397: 13373: 13353: 13310: 13275: 13034:"Transnational Organized Crime in Southeast Asia: Evolution, Growth and Challenges" 12855: 12792:

Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs

12709: 12699: 12545: 12537: 12497: 12460: 12413: 12337: 12329: 12282: 12214: 12177: 12135: 12092: 12057: 12022: 11979: 11938: 11930: 11896: 11888: 11663: 11655: 11596: 11501: 11451: 11350: 11310: 11302: 11204: 11196: 11114: 11104: 11016: 11006: 10961: 10953: 10908: 10900: 10824: 10816: 10775: 10765: 10746:"Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors" 10681: 10673: 10565: 10530: 10476: 10433: 10396: 10388: 10347: 10337: 10288: 10251: 10243: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10060: 9960: 9952: 9848: 9844: 9840: 9797: 9792: 9780: 9720: 9712: 9665: 9618: 9610: 9569: 9559: 9541: 9539: 9515: 9507: 9460: 9423: 9384: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9279:"Using c-fos to study neuronal ensembles in corticostriatal circuitry of addiction" 9249: 9241: 9195: 9187: 9146: 9138: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9037: 9029: 8985: 8977: 8933: 8923: 8839: 8831: 8746: 8676: 8668: 8599: 8548: 8540: 8491: 8483: 8422: 8414: 8368: 8360: 8281: 8273: 8216: 8208: 8155: 8147: 8102: 8031: 7981: 7940: 7932: 7893: 7885: 7850: 7830: 7778: 7770: 7719: 7711: 7673: 7655: 7618: 7600: 7539: 7502: 7494: 7354: 7346: 7045: 7025: 6876: 6868: 6827: 6786: 6778: 6723: 6715: 6659: 6649: 6475: 6467: 6074: 6066: 6032: 6024: 5928: 5842: 5792: 5784: 5722: 5642: 5178: 4557: 4437: 4274: 4267: 4263: 4220: 4193: 4177: 4173: 3855: 2762:, and upon sufficient accumulation, with the help of its downstream targets (e.g., 2724: 2589: 2564: 2554: 2544: 2470: 2312: 2215: 2208: 2147: 2092: 1706: 1698: 1682: 1575: 1534: 1463: 1320: 1067: 572: 443: 236: 172: 108: 9245: 5911:

Sellers EM, Tyndale RF (2000). "Mimicking gene defects to treat drug dependence".

4975:, patented by Obetrol Pharmaceuticals in the 1950s and indicated for treatment of 4657:

of methamphetamine is a clear and colorless liquid with an odor characteristic of

4593:

Methamphetamine and amphetamine are often measured in urine or blood as part of a

4115: 4094:

owing to its effects on the cardiovascular system and cognition respectively. The

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Noblett D, Hacein-Bey L, Waldau B, Ziegler J, Dahlin B, Chang J (February 2021).

9920: 9614: 9564: 9511: 9033: 8750: 7936: 6981:

Nelson LS, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE (2011).

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of one another; they are structurally identical, but of the opposite orientation.

4898: 4321: 4293: 4169: 3749: 3617: 3488: 3241: 3160: 3156: 3069: 3058: 3004: 2830: 2778: 2759: 2751: 2477: 2295: 2253: 1980: 1690: 1666: 1616: 1411: 1296: 1277: 1131: 824: 657: 618: 580: 19881: 19530: 19525: 19505: 19500: 19495: 19490: 13314: 13279: 12013:

Liddle DG, Connor DJ (June 2013). "Nutritional supplements and ergogenic AIDS".

11581: 9536: 9412:"The peroxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in methamphetamine-treated rat brain" 8585:"Neural mechanisms of addiction: the role of reward-related learning and memory" 8035: 5847: 5830: 1771:

drug that causes vasoconstriction and tachycardia. The effects can also include

26868: 26749: 26662: 25992: 25613: 25276: 24126: 24121: 23567: 23335: 23285: 23167: 23037: 22918: 22606: 22547: 21966: 21729: 21659: 21481: 21378: 21292: 20927: 20785: 20664: 20594: 20203: 19766: 19761: 19566: 19028: 18733: 18571: 18279: 17347: 17241: 17196: 17158: 16848: 16814: 16789: 16379: 16096: 15922: 15912: 15826: 15735: 15675: 15619: 15372: 15327: 15227: 14614: 14604: 14459: 14138: 14123: 13524:"Is cognitive functioning impaired in methamphetamine users? A critical review" 11934: 11892: 11354: 10993:

Ledonne A, Berretta N, Davoli A, Rizzo GR, Bernardi G, Mercuri NB (July 2011).

10957: 10714: 10625: 10437: 9388: 9191: 7774: 7650:

Loftis JM, Janowsky A (2014). "Neuroimmune basis of methamphetamine toxicity".

6872: 6767:"Is cognitive functioning impaired in methamphetamine users? A critical review" 6395: 5137: 5075: 4259: 4079: 4015: 3891: 3887: 3664: 3140: 2877: 2873: 2716: 2705: 2361: 2332:– stimuli that increase the probability of repeating behaviors paired with them 2257: 2204: 2127: 2100: 2088: 2036: 2027:

that mediate methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration in the human brain. The

1940: 1830: 1776: 1714: 1612: 1587: 1504:

In the United States, methamphetamine hydrochloride, sold under the brand name

1496: 1351: 22966: 13590: 13401: 13095:"Drugs investigators close in on Asian 'El Chapo' at centre of vast meth ring" 12366: 12333: 12286: 12096: 12026: 11644:"Dopamine-beta-oxidase activity in man, using hydroxyamphetamine as substrate" 11455: 9230:"Epigenetic landscape of amphetamine and methamphetamine addiction in rodents" 8487: 8364: 7834: 7567:"Missouri sword slay suspect smiles for mug shot after allegedly killing beau" 7543: 7498: 7350: 5187:, Southeast Asian tablets containing a mixture of methamphetamine and caffeine 5181:, a transportable laboratory that is used to illegally produce methamphetamine 4025:

are useful in treating agitation and psychosis from methamphetamine overdose.

3028: 1307:. Dextromethamphetamine is a stronger CNS stimulant than levomethamphetamine. 26909: 26884: 26879: 26794: 26703: 26682: 26656: 26614: 26479: 26223: 26078: 25927: 25850: 25588: 25210: 25195: 24484: 24449: 24396: 24345: 24011: 23787: 23557: 23310: 23270: 22634: 22626: 21699: 21689: 21629: 21552: 21430: 21408: 21217: 21063: 20967: 20957: 20892: 20825: 20686: 20519: 20362: 20278: 20148: 20117: 20077: 19846: 19746: 19696: 19611: 18852: 18779: 18754: 18669: 18664: 18639: 18604: 18477: 18117: 18058: 17603: 17548: 17387: 17382: 17377: 17372: 17342: 17216: 17138: 16921: 16895: 16890: 16804: 16367: 16327: 15947: 15927: 15836: 15763: 15690: 15685: 15670: 15466: 15266: 15249: 15217: 14996: 14937: 14802: 14734: 14716: 14687: 14654: 14636: 14437: 14148: 13865: 13547: 13122: 12763: 12524:

Kunalan V, Nic Daéid N, Kerr WJ, Buchanan HA, McPherson AR (September 2009).

11011: 10490: 10392: 10342: 7597:

Emerging Targets & Therapeutics in the Treatment of Psychostimulant Abuse

5856: 5734: 5362:

The active ingredient in some OTC inhalers in the United States is listed as

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medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.

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from methamphetamine withdrawal lasts longer and is more severe than that of

2882: 2842: 2502: 2495: 2345: 2336: 2327: 2269: 2151: 1968: 1884: 1838: 1674: 1553: 1419: 1391: 1375: 1284: 1148: 1138: 1043: 24261: 23006: 19342: 19337: 15665: 13357: 13183: 11109: 10942:"Mechanisms of dopamine transporter regulation in normal and disease states" 10820: 9464: 8928: 7985: 7700:"Figure 7.1: Neuroimmune mechanisms of methamphetamine-induced CNS toxicity" 6471: 4348:

of methamphetamine due to its methyl group, it can readily move through the

4014:. Blood pressure often drops gradually following sufficient sedation with a 2905:

The frequent persistence of addiction suggests that long-lasting changes in

2349:– an amplified response to a stimulus resulting from repeated exposure to it 1932:

in men. Methamphetamine may also cause sores and abrasions in the mouth via

26874: 26789: 26667: 26622: 26570: 26511: 26469: 26208: 25855: 25633: 25628: 25578: 25559: 25235: 24629: 24300: 24201: 24186: 24166: 24141: 23577: 23470: 23320: 23212: 23207: 23127: 23102: 22795: 22712: 22687: 22402: 22329: 22273: 22268: 22016: 21916: 21906: 21871: 21674: 21654: 21557: 21302: 21297: 21282: 21202: 21175: 21043: 21038: 20942: 20922: 20830: 20604: 20599: 20579: 20499: 20474: 20342: 20337: 19801: 19751: 19671: 19651: 19646: 19626: 19621: 19576: 19332: 19327: 19317: 19302: 19241: 18812: 18807: 18784: 18744: 18576: 18482: 18398: 18328: 18309: 18304: 18289: 18162: 18092: 18043: 17721: 17686: 17651: 17518: 17357: 17178: 17163: 16809: 16357: 16059: 15745: 15564: 15499: 15444: 15392: 15271: 15237: 15189: 15085: 14903: 14759: 14672: 13608: 13565: 13462: 13409: 13365: 13322: 13287: 13241: 12867: 12723: 12559: 12488:

Crossley FS, Moore ML (November 1944). "Studies on the Leuckart reaction".

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Underhill SM, Wheeler DS, Li M, Watts SD, Ingram SL, Amara SG (July 2014).

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Kim Y, Teylan MA, Baron M, Sands A, Nairn AC, Greengard P (February 2009).

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faster than other stimulants, where it is more resistant to degradation by

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Alcohol and Drug Misuse: A Handbook for Students and Health Professionals

7599:. Advances in Pharmacology. Vol. 69. Academic Press. pp. 1–69. 7243:"Accelerated cellular aging caused by methamphetamine use limited in lab" 6782: 6366:"E-bike driver nabbed in drug bust, shabu worth almost P1 million seized" 5209: 5053: 5039: 5016: 4937: 4933: 4902: 4779: 4697: 4574: 4519: 4181: 4022: 3902:("tweaking"). A methamphetamine overdose will likely also result in mild 3220: 3208: 3201: 3197: 3177: 3125: 3113: 3105: 3077: 3050: 3012: 2985: 2933: 2910: 2822: 2777:

Current models of addiction from chronic drug use involve alterations in

2744: 2701: 2178: 2143: 2139: 2131: 1984: 1976: 1822: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1784: 1754: 1624: 1620: 1601: 1596:

Methamphetamine is often used recreationally for its effects as a potent

1437: 1399: 1288: 689: 640: 419: 19485: 14537: 13654:

Drug Trafficking: Aryan Brotherhood Methamphetamine Operation Dismantled

13181: 12599:"US overdose deaths from fentanyl and synthetic opioids doubled in 2016" 12501: 11400: 9545: 8511:

induces NFκB ... In contrast, the ability of ΔFosB to repress the

8253: 5170:, a Montana-based organization aiming to reduce meth use among teenagers 4746:

History and culture of substituted amphetamines § Illegal synthesis

4635:

Shards of pure methamphetamine hydrochloride, also known as crystal meth

3994:

in cases of methamphetamine intoxication to determine their usefulness.

2988:

of histones, in brain striatal neurons, caused reduced transcription of

2984:

In methamphetamine addicted rats, epigenetic regulation through reduced

864: 26864: 26799: 26779: 26774: 26769: 26764: 26744: 26734: 26708: 26687: 26642: 26637: 26606: 26575: 26560: 26550: 26464: 26295: 26258: 26248: 26228: 26188: 26178: 26033: 26029: 26019: 25815: 25765: 25760: 25692: 25682: 25667: 25662: 25652: 25583: 25554: 25549: 25422: 25356: 25339: 25250: 25245: 25215: 24469: 24341: 24231: 24176: 24111: 24106: 24006: 23937: 23917: 23882: 23877: 23872: 23842: 23792: 23749: 23714: 23665: 23660: 23620: 23587: 23582: 23572: 23552: 23547: 23480: 23455: 23280: 23227: 23217: 23182: 23151: 23137: 23112: 23107: 23087: 23082: 22790: 22692: 22682: 22621: 22616: 22372: 22313: 22096: 22091: 22046: 22036: 22026: 21936: 21926: 21855: 21850: 21684: 21679: 21664: 21533: 21529: 21486: 21455: 21435: 21403: 21353: 21322: 21227: 21222: 21170: 21165: 21109: 21104: 21094: 20952: 20947: 20932: 20917: 20790: 20780: 20751: 20691: 20659: 20649: 20624: 20554: 20524: 20514: 20469: 20464: 20408: 20403: 20393: 20143: 20122: 20102: 20097: 20059: 20028: 20005: 19940: 19831: 19816: 19806: 19756: 19726: 19721: 19691: 19681: 19606: 19571: 19352: 19259: 19236: 18965: 18955: 18877: 18867: 18842: 18837: 18822: 18749: 18729: 18724: 18679: 18619: 18609: 18599: 18566: 18422: 18412: 18403: 18393: 18388: 18353: 18343: 18338: 18284: 18269: 18239: 18215: 18200: 18192: 18187: 18157: 18127: 18112: 18097: 18038: 18028: 17910: 17905: 17895: 17857: 17852: 17819: 17814: 17784: 17776: 17666: 17583: 17553: 17543: 17493: 17488: 17392: 17352: 17294: 17289: 17274: 17211: 17201: 17153: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17077: 16332: 16069: 15803: 15695: 15168: 15013: 14961: 14591: 14404: 14108: 14063: 11520: 11398: 11396: 11394: 11392: 11390: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11382: 11380: 10247: 9781:"Efficacy of psychostimulant drugs for amphetamine abuse or dependence" 9428: 9411: 6955: 5218: 5012: 4910: 4798: 4733: 4690: 4678: 4484: 4399: 4305: 4204:

appears to negatively modulate the membrane expression and function of

4201: 4075: 4059: 4030: 3687: 3675: 3228: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3081: 2913:

mechanisms in driving lasting changes in gene expression in the brain.

2818: 2596: 2193: 2189: 2084: 2072: 1904: 1896: 1889: 1879: 1796: 1705:

should not take methamphetamine. The FDA also advises individuals with

1597: 1522: 1387: 1363: 1292: 1265: 1091: 875: 671: 645: 634: 395: 12541: 12164:

Paul BD, Jemionek J, Lesser D, Jacobs A, Searles DA (September 2004).

9669: 8533:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

4436:, the metabolites of amphetamine. Among these metabolites, the active 4037:

may be useful for treating CNS and cardiovascular toxicity. The mixed

26844: 26739: 26652: 26632: 26565: 26454: 26285: 26253: 26198: 26193: 25702: 25672: 25623: 25608: 25544: 25271: 25230: 24861: 24856: 24851: 24846: 24841: 24547: 24211: 24196: 24181: 24156: 24086: 24001: 23981: 23932: 23867: 23862: 23777: 23645: 23542: 23522: 23495: 23475: 23400: 23300: 23290: 23260: 23202: 23197: 23077: 23072: 22800: 22785: 22697: 22552: 22537: 22392: 22387: 22360: 22334: 22288: 22283: 22101: 21814: 21709: 21694: 21440: 21398: 21327: 21277: 21242: 20982: 20962: 20741: 20654: 20629: 20574: 20539: 20221: 20087: 20082: 20054: 20023: 19866: 19841: 19706: 19676: 19666: 19591: 19457: 19307: 19297: 19231: 19221: 19068: 19058: 18930: 18925: 18920: 18915: 18910: 18472: 18378: 18363: 18348: 18299: 18254: 18073: 17877: 17867: 17862: 17842: 17799: 17726: 17646: 17641: 17631: 17616: 17588: 17568: 17563: 17533: 17508: 17498: 17425: 17420: 17415: 17319: 17304: 17299: 17231: 17168: 17148: 17100: 17069: 16843: 16799: 16347: 16342: 15917: 15902: 15877: 15725: 15720: 15705: 15700: 15660: 15637: 15574: 15431: 15404: 15288: 15146: 15129: 15102: 15018: 14981: 14971: 14944: 14915: 14876: 14863: 14841: 14812: 14609: 14158: 14118: 10046:"Serotonin toxicity: a practical approach to diagnosis and treatment" 9410:

Tokunaga I, Ishigami A, Kubo S, Gotohda T, Kitamura O (August 2008).

5097: 5043: 4992: 4929: 4891: 4654: 4594: 4244: 4168:(SERT). When methamphetamine binds to TAAR1, it triggers transporter 4083: 4034: 3999: 3911: 3839: 3701: 3695: 3681: 3670: 3189: 3169: 3129: 3016: 2974: 2713: 2673: 2264: 2248: 2226: 2159: 2108: 1964: 1956: 1867: 1862: 1834: 1814: 1722: 1561: 1518: 1433: 1403: 1280: 1237: 810: 736: 376: 343: 19131: 19126: 11377: 8672: 8418: 4928:

pharmaceutical company. It was used by all branches of the combined

2019: 1870:, pro-inflammatory molecules that can foster cell aging and death." 1647: 26849: 26695: 26535: 26516: 26346: 26336: 26280: 26275: 26213: 26083: 26073: 26063: 25840: 25732: 25657: 25205: 24537: 24464: 24459: 24416: 24386: 24366: 24191: 24146: 24036: 23996: 23991: 23907: 23754: 23615: 23247: 23242: 23232: 22532: 22407: 22187: 22011: 22006: 21956: 21946: 21845: 21573: 21547: 21542: 21476: 21445: 21317: 21287: 21232: 21114: 21089: 21053: 21048: 20846: 20820: 20815: 20746: 20619: 20589: 20529: 20413: 20388: 20352: 20347: 20263: 20185: 19877: 19741: 19701: 19661: 19656: 19452: 19083: 19043: 18935: 18885: 18832: 18827: 18774: 18769: 18759: 18644: 18546: 18492: 18333: 18234: 18177: 17915: 17890: 17834: 17804: 17691: 17661: 17656: 17611: 17523: 17503: 17410: 17367: 17324: 17251: 17143: 15846: 15740: 15642: 15365: 15296: 15254: 15244: 15212: 15207: 15172: 14986: 14893: 14853: 14829: 14782: 14677: 14646: 14048: 13751: 11491: 10326:"Mechanism of death: there's more to it than sudden cardiac arrest" 10111:

Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience

9827:

Shoptaw SJ, Kao U, Heinzerling K, Ling W (2009). Shoptaw SJ (ed.).

8709:

Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience

8336: 8059:

Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience

5031: 4996: 4708: 4674: 4658: 4071: 3983: 3961:

may also develop occasionally as a treatment-emergent side effect.

3945: 3941: 3933: 3721: 3552: 3520: 3223:. Infants born to methamphetamine-abusing mothers may experience a 3212: 3193: 3121: 3093: 2929: 2846: 2834: 2709: 2170: 1972: 1952: 1929: 1924: 1842: 1686: 1641:

Desoxyn tablets – pharmaceutical methamphetamine hydrochloride

1479: 1473: 1423: 1395: 1383: 1379: 1371: 1343: 1300: 932: 855: 24791: 22965:

References for all endogenous human TAAR1 ligands are provided at

14197: 13422: 12438: 11582:"Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Stereochemical course of the reaction" 9887:

Winslow BT, Voorhees KI, Pehl KA (2007). "Methamphetamine abuse".

9450: 8136:"Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction" 7759:"Role of sigma receptors in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity" 7590: 7588: 7179:"Meth Overdose Symptoms, Effects & Treatment | BlueCrest" 3294: 2856: 2790: 2641: 2028: 1991:

behaviors. Peculiar to methamphetamine and related stimulants is "

1873: 1701:

reactions to other stimulants in the past or are currently taking

1114: 999: 26889: 26854: 26784: 26545: 25947: 25912: 25593: 25517: 25502: 25148: 25113: 25103: 25093: 25088: 25083: 25073: 24361: 24356: 23837: 23817: 23812: 23719: 23655: 23420: 23395: 23390: 23385: 23380: 23375: 23370: 23315: 23132: 23097: 22509: 22488: 21237: 20534: 19856: 19781: 19736: 19437: 19432: 19427: 19417: 19412: 19407: 19402: 19397: 19392: 19387: 19382: 19322: 19279: 19251: 19111: 19033: 19023: 18905: 18264: 18147: 18023: 17824: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17626: 17621: 17314: 17284: 15957: 15476: 15459: 15454: 15439: 15387: 15377: 15360: 15232: 15073: 15068: 15001: 14927: 14747: 14667: 14379: 14374: 14128: 14068: 13982: 13977: 12439:

Bagnall J, Malia L, Lubben A, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (October 2013).

10230:

Berman SM, Kuczenski R, McCracken JT, London ED (February 2009).

8061:(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 364–375. 5383:

Transcription factors are proteins that increase or decrease the

5123:, a TV drama series centered on illicit methamphetamine synthesis 5023: 4976: 4972: 4940:. Pervitin became colloquially known among the German troops as " 4925: 4895: 4862:

Pervitin, a methamphetamine brand used by German soldiers during

4783: 4750: 4670: 4662: 4337: 4251: 4240: 4236: 4224: 3831: 3819: 3302: 3149: 3117: 3053:

with contingency management or community reinforcement approach,

2826: 2806: 2229:

signaling cascades and the formation of reactive oxygen species.

2174: 2008: 1996: 1992: 1933: 1912: 1911:, frequent consumption of high-calorie, carbonated beverages and 1792: 1734: 1611:

TV documentary on methamphetamine, an entire subculture known as

1513: 1304: 1257: 1192:

InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-9(11-2)8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3

411: 19922: 12252:. Seal Beach, Ca.: Biomedical Publications. pp. 1277–1280. 9778: 8711:(2nd ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 94. 8454:

Figure 4: Epigenetic basis of drug regulation of gene expression

7207: 7121:, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. October 2019. 5835:

Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

5316:

Levomethamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine are also known as

4551: 2691: 1362:. Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid 26804: 26724: 26589: 26580: 26521: 26024: 25942: 25932: 25922: 25907: 25897: 25892: 25497: 25397: 25200: 25178: 25173: 25053: 25048: 25043: 25028: 25023: 25018: 24993: 24958: 24953: 24948: 24943: 24938: 24933: 24928: 23822: 23807: 23724: 23685: 23650: 23527: 23445: 23440: 23405: 23365: 23067: 21911: 21901: 21337: 20907: 19861: 19811: 19796: 19377: 19372: 19367: 19312: 18244: 18228: 18224: 18220: 17756: 17681: 17269: 17264: 17259: 15907: 15841: 15310: 15156: 15136: 14898: 14822: 14787: 14726: 12310:"Redetermination of (+)-methamphetamine hydro-chloride at 90 K" 12204: 9992:(6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 77–79. 9701:"Future pharmacological treatments for substance use disorders" 9071: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8799: 7970: 7585: 7332: 6055:"Table 5: N-containing drugs and xenobiotics oxygenated by FMO" 5027: 4914: 4858: 4615: 4379: 4055: 3863: 3843: 2838: 2076: 1960: 1854: 1846: 1467: 1429: 963: 742: 623: 13662: 13300: 11919:"Table 2: Xenobiotics metabolized by the human gut microbiota" 11430:

4-hydroxyamphetamine, norephedrine, and 4-hydroxynorephedrine.

10467:

Gholami F, Hosseini SH, Ahmadi A, Nabati M (15 October 2019).

10374: 10229: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8779: 5434: 5432: 5277:) in Indonesia and the Philippines, and for the hydrochloride 208: 144: 26839: 25997: 25917: 25887: 25437: 25387: 25382: 25255: 25183: 25008: 24973: 24913: 24898: 24639: 24522: 24431: 24421: 24406: 23782: 23709: 23360: 23062: 22977: 22891: 22854: 22840: 22500: 22116: 21981: 21824: 21809: 21783: 21763: 21649: 20912: 20701: 19636: 19556: 18900: 18817: 18536: 18373: 17998: 17953: 17279: 17038: 15043: 14881: 14834: 14697: 14469: 14270: 13851: 13231:"List of psychotropic substances under international control" 11529:"Phenylisopropylamine stimulants: amphetamine-related agents" 11082: 8576: 8342: 6985:(9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 1080. 5184: 5047: 4941: 4906: 4787: 4775: 4312:, but levomethamphetamine has shorter psychodynamic effects. 4216: 4205: 4141: 4124: 3481: 3216: 2962: 2860: 2736: 2662: 2256:

disorder characterized by persistent use of drugs (including

2197: 2185: 2060: 2056: 1718: 1295:, among other concerns, as well as the availability of safer 1105: 943: 269: 205: 141: 13618:"Why the Myth of the Meth-Damaged Brain May Hinder Recovery" 13575:"Neurologic manifestations of chronic methamphetamine abuse" 12523: 12395: 10520: 10202:

A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects

10142:

Shoptaw SJ, Kao U, Ling W (2009). Shoptaw SJ, Ali R (eds.).

7483:"Neurologic manifestations of chronic methamphetamine abuse" 7445: 7443: 7072:

Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

6950:(TV documentary). National Geographic Channel. August 2013. 2116:

which persists months beyond the typical withdrawal period.

2095:, metabolic compromise, UPS dysfunction, protein nitration, 1016: 248: 184: 120: 26351: 25982: 25937: 25902: 25402: 25392: 25188: 25013: 24998: 24988: 24978: 24968: 24963: 24923: 24918: 24908: 24903: 24888: 24868: 24436: 23759: 23252: 22722: 22071: 22001: 21819: 21788: 21778: 21373: 20721: 18447: 17993: 17973: 17794: 15932: 15449: 15063: 14932: 14920: 14888: 14706: 14629: 14624: 12307: 11963: 10466: 10205:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 10108: 9409: 8820:"Natural rewards, neuroplasticity, and non-drug addictions" 8776: 8190: 8188: 8186: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7111:"What are the long-term effects of methamphetamine misuse?" 6854: 5429: 4966: 4820:

Method of methamphetamine synthesis of methamphetamine via

4452:, and norephedrine. Methamphetamine is a CYP2D6 inhibitor. 3915: 3854:. An extremely large overdose may produce symptoms such as 3607: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3561: 2968: 2652: 1850: 1264:. Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two 1260:. It has also been researched as a potential treatment for 1154: 923: 272: 263: 251: 245: 199: 187: 181: 135: 117: 11868: 10992: 10864:. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 10423: 10287:(457). National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.): 1–8. 9173: 5631:"A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine" 4987:. Currently, methamphetamine is sold under the trade name 4744:

Further information on illicit amphetamine synthesis:

26824: 16032:

Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs

15715: 15141: 14908: 13657: 13066: 12794:. University Düsseldorf, Germany: Springer. p. 110. 12768:(in German), Berlin: CHEMIE.DE Information Service GmbH, 11340: 11289:

Kuczenski R, Segal DS, Cho AK, Melega W (February 1995).

11258: 10743: 9826: 9067: 9065: 7974:

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

7643: 7440: 6980: 6460:

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

2299:– symptoms that occur upon cessation of repeated drug use 1951:

The psychological effects of methamphetamine can include

1936:, increasing the risk of sexually transmitted infection. 1738: 1653:

Crystal meth – illicit methamphetamine hydrochloride

123: 55: 22976:

References for synthetic TAAR1 agonists can be found at

13522:

Hart CL, Marvin CB, Silver R, Smith EE (February 2012).

13118:"Inside the hunt for the man known as 'Asia's El Chapo'" 12308:

Hakey P, Ouellette W, Zubieta J, Korter T (April 2008).

12163: 11877:"Developing a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism" 9938: 8700: 8657:"Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of addiction" 8567:

Recent evidence has shown that ΔFosB also represses the

8529:"Transcriptional mechanisms of addiction: Role of ΔFosB" 8403:"Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of addiction" 8183: 7857: 7812: 6765:

Hart CL, Marvin CB, Silver R, Smith EE (February 2012).

4700:; at 90 K (−183.2 °C; −297.7 °F), it has 4198:

G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels

4066:

of methamphetamine. Methamphetamine also interacts with

2087:

to dopaminergic neurons in both lab animals and humans.

1861:

on their skin; these may be caused by scratching due to

23118: 21019: 13429:

on the brain damages caused by methamphetamine in mice"

11288: 10886: 10584: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9453:

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology

8197:"Chromatin regulation in drug addiction and depression" 6191:

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

5967: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5358: 5356: 5354: 4095: 4086:

as well. Methamphetamine may counteract the effects of

4029:

with lipophilic properties and CNS penetration such as

1697:. The FDA states that individuals who have experienced 12930:(1 ed.). New York University Press. p. 148. 10933: 10593:"Methamphetamine Toxicity: Treatment & Management" 10281:"Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 2001–2021" 9325: 9062: 9015: 8400: 8343:

Cadet JL, Brannock C, Jayanthi S, Krasnova IN (2015).

8306: 7529: 7276: 6108: 4890:. Shortly after, methamphetamine was synthesized from 4119:

This illustration depicts the normal operation of the

1795:(potentially leading to condition informally known as 1276:

properly refers to a specific chemical substance, the

23760: 23253: 13521: 13265: 12685: 11641: 11531:. In Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W (eds.). 11140: 11138: 9655: 8870: 8312: 8194: 6813: 6764: 5712: 1681:

or anxiety, or in individuals currently experiencing

1592:

Recreational routes of methamphetamine administration

286: 275: 260: 239: 222: 211: 196: 175: 158: 147: 132: 111: 20252:

Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

11231: 10796: 10620: 10618: 10555: 10044:

Isbister GK, Buckley NA, Whyte IM (September 2007).

10043: 9813: 9276: 7652:

Neuroimmune Signaling in Drug Actions and Addictions

7333:

Halkitis PN, Pandey Mukherjee P, Palamar JJ (2008).

7208:

National Institute on Drug Abuse (29 January 2021).

6530: 6495:

reinforcing potential than METH (Lile et al., 2013).

5958: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5351: 5081:

treaty, indicating that it has limited medical use.

4458: 2995:

Administration of methamphetamine to rodents causes

2402: 2014: 1329:

United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances

266: 202: 138: 26941:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management

23943: 20171:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management

12974: 12921: 12919: 12817:"The Nazi Death Machine: Hitler's Drugged Soldiers" 12679: 10590: 10278: 9886: 9227: 9174:Brecht ML, Lovinger K, Herbeck DM, Urada D (2013). 8901: 8706: 8582: 8056: 6608:. Associated Press. 3 December 2004. Archived from 6150:"Methamphetamine: Chemical and Physical Properties" 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5519: 4936:, for its stimulant effects and to induce extended 4054:Methamphetamine is metabolized by the liver enzyme 3928:

Stimulant psychosis § Substituted amphetamines

3065:, and other combination therapies involving these. 2940:. Chronic methamphetamine use caused gene-specific 2260:) despite substantial harm and adverse consequences 1500:

Desoxyn (methamphetamine hydrochloride) 100 tablets

843: 257: 254: 242: 193: 190: 178: 129: 126: 114: 21744: 13093: 11969: 11232:Inazu M, Takeda H, Matsumiya T (August 2003). "". 11135: 11076: 9277:Cruz FC, Javier Rubio F, Hope BT (December 2015). 8732: 8730: 8728: 8249:Figure 2: Psychostimulant-induced signaling events 8133: 8050: 7070:. In Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (eds.). 6704:"Methamphetamine toxicity and messengers of death" 5828: 23888: 23596: 20318: 17944:1-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propane 14496:Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996 13182:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2007). 13153:"Notorious drug kingpin executed for trafficking" 12272: 11852:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 11838: 11822:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 11792:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 11762:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 11573: 10981:correlates with reduced AMPH-induced locomotion . 10615: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10279:Spencer MR, Miniño AM, Warner M (December 2022). 9496:"Epigenome Maintenance in Response to DNA Damage" 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 6602:"Meth's aphrodisiac effect adds to drug's allure" 6578:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 6514:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 6453: 6177: 6175: 6156:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 5885:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 4588: 3011:at the sites of repair. These alterations can be 2696:This diagram depicts the signaling events in the 1918: 39:"Hiropon" redirects here. For the sculpture, see 26907: 13386: 12916: 12519: 12517: 12515: 12513: 12511: 12159: 12157: 10851: 10709: 10707: 10705: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9493: 8864: 8520: 8134:Volkow ND, Koob GF, McLellan AT (January 2016). 7871: 7756: 7380: 7378: 7065: 7005: 5516: 4847: 4136:Methamphetamine has been identified as a potent 2781:in certain parts of the brain, particularly the 2035:arises through its binding at and activation of 823: 18974:1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine 14074:History and culture of substituted amphetamines 13335: 12879: 12877: 12250:Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man 11916: 11874: 11487: 11485: 11041: 10323: 10113:(3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 9981: 9907: 9772: 9011: 9009: 8959: 8957: 8725: 7594: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7237: 7235: 6760: 6758: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6636:Yu S, Zhu L, Shen Q, Bai X, Di X (March 2015). 6631: 6629: 6627: 6104: 6102: 6052: 6010: 5982:. Shire US Inc. December 2013. pp. 12–13. 5628: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5573:"Desoxyn- methamphetamine hydrochloride tablet" 4854:History and culture of substituted amphetamines 4465:Metabolic pathways of methamphetamine in humans 2307:– dependence that involves persistent physical– 1390:. Recreationally, methamphetamine's ability to 798: 790: 23898: 23606: 20308: 20002: 19933: 15580:Legal history of cannabis in the United States 14501:Illinois Methamphetamine Precursor Control Act 12845: 12481: 12125: 11726:"glycine N-acyltransferase: Substrate/Product" 10509: 10141: 9698: 8654: 8583:Hyman SE, Malenka RC, Nestler EJ (July 2006). 8472:"Transcriptional mechanisms of drug addiction" 8075: 7697: 7649: 6816:"Treatment of narcolepsy with methamphetamine" 6172: 5910: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5598: 4753:methamphetamine may be prepared starting from 4360:of methamphetamine varies with a range of 5–30 4107:, are known to interact with methamphetamine. 3207:Methamphetamine that is present in a mother's 1342:In low to moderate doses, methamphetamine can 24807: 24291: 24277: 23036: 23022: 22474: 20294: 19906: 17054: 14553: 14213: 13678: 13240:. United Nations. August 2003. Archived from 12887:Shooting Up: A Short History of Drugs and War 12839: 12508: 12487: 12432: 12389: 12266: 12198: 12154: 12076: 12047: 11635: 11441: 11435: 11336: 11334: 11284: 11282: 11225: 10939: 10845: 10737: 10702: 10037: 9932: 9873: 9124: 8127: 8021: 7375: 7307:. American Dental Association. Archived from 6701: 5829:Rau T, Ziemniak J, Poulsen D (January 2016). 4837:Methods of methamphetamine synthesis via the 4786:cation is formed as an intermediate which is 4235:that methamphetamine is known to inhibit are 4180:(PKC) signaling, ultimately resulting in the 3486:Tooltip cAMP response element-binding protein 2429: 2383: 2200:(SLC1A2) levels and function in these cells. 2049:damage-associated molecular pattern molecules 14580: 13649:Methamphetamine Poison Information Monograph 13268:The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 12890:. Oxford University Press. pp. 111–13. 12874: 12566: 12119: 12041: 12012: 11482: 10852:Maguire JJ, Davenport AP (2 December 2014). 10223: 10137: 10135: 10133: 9951:(4). 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For other uses, see 24814: 24800: 24284: 24270: 23029: 23015: 22481: 22467: 20301: 20287: 20246:Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor 19920: 19913: 19899: 17061: 17047: 16308:Arguments for and against drug prohibition 14560: 14546: 14220: 14206: 13685: 13671: 13338:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 12956:United States Food and Drug Administration 11642:Sjoerdsma A, von Studnitz W (April 1963). 11331: 11279: 11174: 11152:. University of Alberta. 8 February 2013. 10721:. University of Alberta. 8 February 2013. 10655: 10653: 10651: 10632:. University of Alberta. 8 February 2013. 10426:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 9596: 8650: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8526: 8469: 8088: 7523: 7456:Merck Manual for Health Care Professionals 6940: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6814:Mitler MM, Hajdukovic R, Erman MK (1993). 6542:United States Food and Drug Administration 6226:. University of Alberta. 8 February 2013. 5980:United States Food and Drug Administration 5249:Synonyms and alternate spellings include: 2956:in position 4 of histone 3 located at the 2893:, such as amphetamine or methamphetamine. 2457:Note: colored text contains article links. 2436: 2422: 2390: 2376: 1053: 1030: 883: 514:(Authorized trade only, not prescriptible) 85: 78: 65: 26961:Excitatory amino acid reuptake inhibitors 14567: 13615: 13598: 13555: 13452: 13433:Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 12925: 12883: 12713: 12703: 12686:Grobler SR, Chikte U, Westraat J (2011). 12549: 12464: 12341: 12181: 11942: 11900: 11786:"p-Hydroxynorephedrine: Compound Summary" 11718: 11688: 11667: 11600: 11412:. 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TAAR1 activation by methamphetamine in 3061:, non-contingent reward-based therapies, 2416:that results in psychostimulant addiction 911: 910:(dl)-Methamphetamine hydrochloride: 903: 797:(dl)-Methamphetamine hydrochloride: 26976:Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents 20165:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 16282:Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S. 15979: 13572: 13485:World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 13225: 13223: 12738:"Historical overview of methamphetamine" 12730: 12657:"Historical overview of methamphetamine" 12646: 11972:The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 11756:"p-Hydroxyamphetamine: Compound Summary" 11696:"butyrate-CoA ligase: Substrate/Product" 11533:Foye's principles of medicinal chemistry 11168: 10940:Vaughan RA, Foster JD (September 2013). 10324:Parish DC, Goyal H, Dane FC (May 2018). 10192: 10102: 9747: 8655:Robison AJ, Nestler EJ (November 2011). 8458: 8401:Robison AJ, Nestler EJ (November 2011). 8389: 8195:Renthal W, Nestler EJ (September 2009). 8091:"Cellular basis of memory for addiction" 7913:in astrocyte EAAT-2 levels and function. 7872:Cisneros IE, Ghorpade A (October 2014). 7752: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7480: 7474: 7100: 7074:(12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 7068:"Miscellaneous Sympathomimetic Agonists" 7052: 6129: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5694: 4869: 4857: 4797:. The intermediate formyl amide is then 4196:of neurons through direct activation of 4190:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4114: 3864:substantially reduced or no urine output 3235:Summary of addiction-related plasticity 2678: 2671: 2660: 2622: 2615: 2594: 2018: 1883: 1753: 1495: 1311:dextromethamphetamine are classified as 1254:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 23158:Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) 23123:Tooltip Calcitonin gene-related peptide 21024:Tooltip Norepinephrine releasing agents 16318:Capital punishment for drug trafficking 15373:Neocannabinoid / synthetic cannabinoids 12928:On Speed: The Many Lives of Amphetamine 12627: 11816:"Phenylpropanolamine: Compound Summary" 11732:. Technische Universität Braunschweig. 11702:. Technische Universität Braunschweig. 11526: 11252: 11234:Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 10648: 10198: 9913: 9228:Godino A, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL (2015). 8963: 8633: 7410: 7408: 6927: 6310:"P1-M shabu seized from 3 drug pushers" 5871: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5674: 4782:as side products. In this reaction, an 4152:systems. Activation of TAAR1 increases 2311:withdrawal symptoms (e.g., fatigue and 1410:liability (i.e. a high likelihood that 1026: 863: 14: 26908: 20234:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor 16209:Office of National Drug Control Policy 15997:International drug control conventions 13628:from the original on 22 September 2024 13498:from the original on 22 September 2024 13475: 13147: 13145: 12814: 12247: 11917:Haiser HJ, Turnbaugh PJ (March 2013). 11875:Haiser HJ, Turnbaugh PJ (March 2013). 11826:from the original on 29 September 2013 11579: 10880: 10659: 10591:Richards JR, Derlet RW, Albertson TE. 10473:Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research 10025:from the original on 26 September 2013 10013:Oskie SM, Rhee JW (11 February 2011). 9829:"Treatment for amphetamine withdrawal" 9699:Forray A, Sofuoglu M (February 2014). 9216: 8736: 8604:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009 8008: 7918: 7757:Kaushal N, Matsumoto RR (March 2011). 7564: 7328: 7326: 7253:from the original on 22 September 2024 7146: 7137: 6345:from the original on 22 September 2024 6006: 6004: 5583:from the original on 22 September 2024 5488: 4538: 4531: 4524: 4510: 4503: 3973: 3964: 3451:Reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior 2649: 2638: 2629: 2608: 2587: 2578: 2562: 2552: 2542: 2475: 2468: 2461: 1907:(dry mouth), extended periods of poor 1508:, is approved by the FDA for treating 1153:212 °C (414 °F) at 760 1044: 553: 529: 24795: 24265: 23010: 22490:Human trace amine-associated receptor 22462: 20282: 20267: 19894: 17042: 16400: 15978: 15550:List of cannabis rights organizations 15497: 14579: 14541: 14201: 13866: 13666: 13238:International Narcotics Control Board 13220: 13106:from the original on 10 January 2022. 13091: 12827:from the original on 19 December 2017 12789: 12772:from the original on 18 December 2019 12756: 11156:from the original on 28 December 2015 10986: 10725:from the original on 28 December 2015 10636:from the original on 28 December 2015 10497:from the original on 26 December 2023 10144:"Treatment for amphetamine psychosis" 9760:from the original on 17 February 2007 8817: 7741: 7573:from the original on 26 December 2021 7558: 7384: 6572:"Levomethamphetamine: Identification" 6548:from the original on 25 December 2019 6449: 6447: 6230:from the original on 28 December 2015 6212: 6011:Krueger SK, Williams DE (June 2005). 5989:from the original on 30 December 2013 5973:"Adderall XR Prescribing Information" 5629:Cruickshank CC, Dyer KR (July 2009). 5079:Convention on Psychotropic Substances 4995:by the Danish pharmaceutical company 4517: 4496: 4482: 4018:and providing a calming environment. 3709: 3474: 3336: 3256: 3250: 3239: 2896: 2889:which occurs in some patients taking 2601: 2569: 2535: 2528: 2521: 2514: 2507: 2500: 1874:Dental and oral health ("meth mouth") 992: 971: 951: 541: 348: 20268: 13208:from the original on 16 October 2013 13130:from the original on 19 January 2021 13073:from the original on 22 October 2021 12377:from the original on 19 October 2014 12364: 11856:from the original on 13 October 2013 11796:from the original on 15 October 2013 11549:from the original on 13 January 2023 9416:The Journal of Medical Investigation 8883:from the original on 13 October 2014 8315:"Amphetamine – Homo sapiens (human)" 7704:International Review of Neurobiology 7405: 7220:from the original on 25 January 2018 7189:from the original on 16 January 2021 6915:from the original on 18 October 2022 6432:from the original on 28 January 2015 6406:from the original on 7 December 2013 6363: 5771:Courtney KE, Ray LA (October 2014). 5671: 5163:Methamphetamine in the United States 5143:Methamphetamine and Native Americans 5050:who also holds a Canadian passport. 4489: 4477: 3787:prenatal exposure to methamphetamine 2999:in their brain, particularly in the 2942:histone acetylations, deacetylations 2735:that ultimately result in increased 2493: 2482: 2454: 1660: 998: 442: 26820:Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide 24821: 23948:Tooltip 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine 20176:Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation 14443:History and culture of amphetamines 14227: 13142: 12984:. Lundbeck: Desoxyn. Archived from 12609:from the original on 17 August 2018 12373:. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. 11620:from the original on 7 October 2018 11416:from the original on 6 October 2017 11047: 8873:"Alcoholism – Homo sapiens (human)" 7323: 7297: 7159:from the original on 14 August 2020 6983:Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies 6582:from the original on 6 October 2014 6518:from the original on 6 October 2014 6280:"Polisi Tangkap Bandar Shabu-shabu" 6160:from the original on 4 January 2015 6001: 5889:from the original on 4 January 2015 5504:from the original on 27 August 2023 5310:Enantiomers are molecules that are 4402:; other minor metabolites include: 4364:hours, but it is on average 9 to 12 4315: 4131: 2789:that produce these alterations are 931: 814: 518: 24: 21749:Tooltip Serotonin releasing agents 16102:Law Enforcement Action Partnership 13514: 12904:from the original on 23 March 2017 12632:. London: Routledge. p. 113. 11984:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1973.tb10043.x 11660:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1963.tb01467.x 11307:10.1523/jneurosci.15-02-01308.1995 11175:Eiden LE, Weihe E (January 2011). 10065:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01282.x 9750:"Amphetamines: Drug Use and Abuse" 9125:Brecht ML, Herbeck D (June 2014). 8201:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 8095:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 7716:10.1016/B978-0-12-801284-0.00007-5 7660:10.1016/B978-0-12-801284-0.00007-5 7605:10.1016/B978-0-12-420118-7.00001-9 7305:"Methamphetamine Use (Meth Mouth)" 7125:from the original on 29 March 2020 6702:Krasnova IN, Cadet JL (May 2009). 6444: 6197:from the original on 15 April 2016 5933:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06685.x 5417: 5158:Methamphetamine in the Philippines 3986:. There is not enough evidence on 3820:difficult and/or painful urination 2797:response element binding protein ( 1749: 25: 27022: 24122:Chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) 23893:Tooltip N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine 23601:Tooltip N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine 22781:Ralmitaront (RG-7906, RO-6889450) 20323:Tooltip Dopamine releasing agents 20216:Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor 16119:Students for Sensible Drug Policy 13642: 12962:from the original on 5 April 2017 12744:from the original on 20 June 2012 12667:from the original on 20 June 2012 12418:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.102 11736:from the original on 23 June 2017 11706:from the original on 22 June 2017 10868:from the original on 29 June 2015 10603:from the original on 9 April 2016 9754:Merck Manual Home Health Handbook 8266:The Journal of General Physiology 8178:of severe substance-use disorder. 7066:Westfall DP, Westfall TC (2010). 6720:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.03.002 6376:from the original on 29 July 2023 6290:from the original on 29 July 2023 6260:from the original on 4 March 2016 6220:"Methamphetamine: Identification" 5330:International Nonproprietary Name 4388:flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 4142:trace amine-associated receptor 1 2766:), it induces an addictive state. 2240:Addiction and dependence glossary 2015:Neurotoxic and neuroimmunological 1669:in individuals with a history of 1531:methamphetamine's levorotary form 1323:(OTC) drug for use as an inhaled 469: 26971:Monoaminergic activity enhancers 17939:1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-aminobutane 16124:Transform Drug Policy Foundation 16018:Other treaties addressing drugs 15498: 14182: 14181: 13616:Szalavitz M (21 November 2011). 13469: 13416: 13380: 13329: 13294: 13259: 13175: 13163:from the original on 3 June 2022 13110: 13085: 13055: 13026: 13000: 12944: 12808: 12783: 12740:. Vermont Department of Health. 12621: 12591: 12579:National Institute on Drug Abuse 12490:The Journal of Organic Chemistry 12358: 12314:Acta Crystallographica Section E 12301: 12241: 12219:10.2165/00003088-200443030-00002 11808: 11778: 11766:from the original on 7 June 2013 11748: 11201:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05906.x 11060:from the original on 29 May 2014 10678:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07109.x 10570:10.1097/00063110-199709000-00003 10549: 10535:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.040 10460: 10417: 10368: 10317: 10272: 10090:from the original on 4 July 2014 10006: 9717:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04474.x 9143:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.702 8982:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.004 8836:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.010 8213:10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.3/wrenthal 7890:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.011 7393:from the original on 4 June 2011 7214:National Institute on Drug Abuse 7115:National Institute on Drug Abuse 6071:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.01.001 6053:Krueger SK, Williams DE (2005). 6029:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.01.001 5789:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.003 5648:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02564.x 5423: 5009:Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia) 4981:schedule II controlled substance 4830: 4813: 4625: 4614: 4550: 4469: 4372:, but is subject to substantial 3785:Unlike other drugs, babies with 3047:community reinforcement approach 2950:downregulations or upregulations 2690: 2446: 1946: 1857:. Long-term meth users may have 1646: 1634: 1084: 1078: 235: 171: 107: 27:Central nervous system stimulant 25751:N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine 24775:Monoamine metabolism modulators 22444:Monoamine metabolism modulators 18858:2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine 18552:N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine 16957:Regulation of therapeutic goods 16881:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder 16442:Opium production in Afghanistan 14134:Performance-enhancing substance 13692: 11406:"Methamphetamine: Pharmacology" 11146:"Methamphetamine: Transporters" 9741: 9597:Stoops WW, Rush CR (May 2014). 9487: 9444: 9403: 8140:New England Journal of Medicine 7964: 7462:from the original on 6 May 2012 7201: 7171: 6999: 6974: 6905:"Desoxyn Gradumet Side Effects" 6897: 6848: 6564: 6500: 6418: 6388: 6357: 6327: 6302: 6272: 6242: 6059:Pharmacology & Therapeutics 5403: 5390: 5377: 5304: 5243: 5198: 5066:Legal status of methamphetamine 5059: 4924:, produced by the Berlin-based 4645:compound with two enantiomers, 4110: 4049: 3803:attention deficit/hyperactivity 2887:dopamine dysregulation syndrome 2801:), and nuclear factor kappa B ( 2760:structural changes in the brain 1581: 1443:Methamphetamine belongs to the 1197:Key:MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 506: 23903:Tooltip N,N-Dipropyltryptamine 23611:Tooltip N,N-Dipropyltryptamine 23311:Pentoxyverine (carbetapentane) 22548:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) 19938:Tooltip central nervous system 19453:Troparil (β-CPT, WIN 35,065-2) 18054:2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene 17068: 16905:of tobacco or other substances 13445:10.22038/IJBMS.2018.23362.5897 13010:. 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U.S.A 8751:10.3109/00952990.2014.933840 8470:Nestler EJ (December 2012). 8089:Nestler EJ (December 2013). 7937:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.019 5727:10.3109/15563650.2010.516752 5191: 5148:Methamphetamine in Australia 4790:by the second equivalent of 4739: 4605: 4256:alpha-2 adrenergic receptors 4148:(GPCR) that regulates brain 4078:and increase the effects of 4068:monoamine oxidase inhibitors 3921: 3424:conditioned place preference 3311:Tooltip medium spiny neurons 3074:randomized controlled trials 3055:cognitive behavioral therapy 2812:in the nucleus accumbens is 2232: 2097:endoplasmic reticulum stress 2083:Methamphetamine is directly 1717:, liver or kidney problems, 1703:monoamine oxidase inhibitors 1556:regarding its potential for 1352:breakdown of skeletal muscle 1272:and dextro-methamphetamine. 1248:drug and less commonly as a 7: 26815:Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide 23336:Racemethorphan (methorphan) 22528:monoamine neurotransmitters 20198:Dopamine reuptake inhibitor 19562:3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine 19102:2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine 18989:3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate 18984:2-Methyl-3-phenylpiperidine 16795:Pharmaceutical distribution 16432:Coca production in Colombia 15883:Counterculture of the 1960s 13573:Rusyniak DE (August 2011). 13315:10.1097/TA.0b013e31817db0a5 13280:10.1097/TA.0b013e318260896a 13092:Smith N (14 October 2019). 13039:. June 2019. Archived from 12952:"Controlled Substances Act" 12823:. Der Spiegel, 6 May 2005. 11648:Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother 10330:Journal of Thoracic Disease 10148:Cochrane Database Syst. Rev 9833:Cochrane Database Syst. Rev 9785:Cochrane Database Syst. Rev 8964:Nestler EJ (January 2014). 8527:Nestler EJ (October 2008). 8407:Nature Reviews Neuroscience 8036:10.2174/1874473711003030156 5879:"Methamphetamine: Toxicity" 5848:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.013 5134:, a drug prevention project 5107: 5084: 4653:. At room temperature, the 4374:interindividual variability 4250:Methamphetamine is also an 3808: 3780: 1901:American Dental Association 1762: 10: 27027: 26825:Lysergic acid diethylamide 24771:Monoamine releasing agents 20310:Monoamine releasing agents 20210:Norepinephrine transporter 18557:N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine 16967:Substance abuse prevention 16942:Opioid replacement therapy 12926:Rasmussen N (March 2008). 11935:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.07.009 11893:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.07.009 11580:Taylor KB (January 1974). 11444:Behavioural Brain Research 11355:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013 10958:10.1016/j.tips.2013.07.005 10715:"Methamphetamine: Targets" 10660:Miller GM (January 2011). 10626:"Methamphetamine: Enzymes" 10438:10.1016/j.ajem.2018.05.013 9389:10.1016/j.tips.2004.03.009 9192:10.1016/j.jsat.2012.12.006 8818:Olsen CM (December 2011). 7775:10.2174/157015911795016930 6947:San Francisco Meth Zombies 6193:(EMCDDA). 8 January 2015. 5500:(published 25 July 2023). 5063: 4851: 4743: 4324:of methamphetamine is 67% 4162:norepinephrine transporter 4146:G protein-coupled receptor 3925: 3852:an inability to pass urine 3026: 2719:by such psychostimulants, 2120:Magnetic resonance imaging 1877: 1829:, diarrhea, constipation, 1585: 1491: 1445:substituted phenethylamine 1143:170 °C (338 °F) 1062:Chemical and physical data 491:(Prohibited psychotropics) 38: 31: 26717: 26478: 26367: 26304: 26116: 26046: 25370: 24829: 24739: 24713: 24546: 24483: 24299: 24293:Monoaminergic neurotoxins 24245: 23971: 23694: 23047: 22961: 22941: 22927: 22899: 22890: 22872: 22862: 22853: 22831: 22813: 22648: 22517: 22508: 22499: 22416: 22347: 22322: 22261: 22180: 21864: 21833: 21802: 21756: 21742: 21617: 21566: 21128: 21077: 21031: 21017: 20880: 20839: 20427: 20376: 20330: 20316: 20276: 20181:Monoamine releasing agent 20157: 20136: 20068: 20037: 19999: 19931: 19875: 19549: 19476: 19278: 19270:Phenylpiracetam hydrazide 19250: 19092: 18964: 18876: 18793: 17929: 17876: 17833: 17775: 17602: 17434: 17401: 17333: 17250: 17187: 17129:8-Cyclopentyltheophylline 17114: 17076: 16980: 16972:Supervised injection site 16914: 16829: 16455: 16422: 16411: 16407: 16401: 16396: 16300: 16262:Anabolic steroid legality 16249: 16134: 16042: 16027:Convention Against Doping 16022:Law of the Sea Convention 15989: 15985: 15974: 15953:Urban legends about drugs 15865: 15817: 15754: 15651: 15618: 15510: 15506: 15493: 15430: 15403: 15341: 15287: 15188: 15093: 15084: 15029: 14862: 14725: 14590: 14586: 14575: 14510:Ethnicity and nationality 14509: 14478: 14413: 14392: 14332: 14263: 14256: 14235: 14177: 14021: 13995: 13937: 13842: 13835: 13813: 13785: 13773: 13711: 13700: 13591:10.1016/j.ncl.2011.05.004 13425:"The effects of vitamin B 13402:10.1007/s12035-015-9561-z 12663:. Government of Vermont. 12334:10.1107/S1600536808011550 12097:10.1007/s00216-007-1271-6 12027:10.1016/j.pop.2013.02.009 11456:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.002 9889:American Family Physician 9603:Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 8739:Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 8488:10.9758/cpn.2012.10.3.136 8365:10.1007/s12035-014-8776-8 7835:10.1007/s00204-012-0815-5 7544:10.1080/09595230801923702 7499:10.1016/j.ncl.2011.05.004 7351:10.1007/s10461-008-9432-y 7183:Bluecrest Recovery Center 4985:Controlled Substances Act 4807:Methamphetamine synthesis 4396:glycine N-acyltransferase 4310:methamphetamine psychosis 3860:methamphetamine psychosis 3748: 3719: 3662: 3615: 3550: 3518: 3479: 3475:Neurochemical plasticity 3449: 3420: 3392: 3363: 3341: 3293: 3284: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3136:Dependence and withdrawal 3128:, dextroamphetamine, and 3029:Addiction § Research 2954:methylation of the lysine 2865:histone methyltransferase 2733:calcium-dependent pathway 2371: 2244: 2239: 2045:reactive nitrogen species 2023:This diagram depicts the 2011:, and violent behaviors. 1600:and stimulant as well as 1546:Controlled Substances Act 1432:and, to a lesser extent, 1335:and regulatory limits of 1240:that is mainly used as a 1205: 1180: 1160: 1147: 1137: 1125: 1103: 1090: 1066: 1061: 1042: 1010: 982: 962: 942: 922: 894: 874: 854: 834: 809: 781: 753: 748: 735: 721: 700: 656: 633: 617: 607: 579: 571: 459: 454: 429: 387: 375: 356: 338: 311: 301: 102: 97: 73: 64: 26996:Substituted amphetamines 25715:(Dextromethamphetamine, 23213:Fabomotizole (afobazole) 23188:Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 22543:Epinephrine (adrenaline) 21715:Phthalimidopropiophenone 20988:Phthalimidopropiophenone 17594:Phthalimidopropiophenone 16768:Turks and Caicos Islands 16277:Methamphetamine legality 15590:Marijuana Policy Project 14581:Major recreational drugs 13747:Mixed amphetamine salts 13274:(2 Suppl 1): S165–S172. 13157:South China Morning Post 11012:10.3389/fnsys.2011.00056 10393:10.1177/1591019920959534 10343:10.21037/jtd.2018.04.113 6873:10.1093/sleep/30.12.1705 5398:necessary and sufficient 4485:4-Hydroxymethamphetamine 4450:4-hydroxymethamphetamine 4400:4-hydroxymethamphetamine 3794:prospective cohort study 3023:Treatment and management 2969:C-C chemokine receptor 2 2851:substituted amphetamines 2814:necessary and sufficient 2708:. Following presynaptic 2320:psychological dependence 1989:repetitive and obsessive 1550:listed under Schedule II 1529:. In the United States, 651:N-Hydroxymethamphetamine 26369:Phenylalkylpyrrolidines 26291:Methylenedioxycathinone 25968:3,4-MDA (tenamfetamine) 24177:Mepyramine (pyrilamine) 23858:3-Methoxydextrallorphan 23518:3-Methoxydextrallorphan 23341:Racemorphan (morphanol) 22678:-Dimethylphenethylamine 19953:Mixed amphetamine salts 19004:4-Methylmethylphenidate 18999:4-Fluoromethylphenidate 18108:β-Phenylmethamphetamine 18064:5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole 17999:4-Fluoromethamphetamine 17954:2-Fluoromethamphetamine 17559:Methylenedioxycathinone 15545:Cannabis rights leaders 14164:Substituted amphetamine 13528:Neuropsychopharmacology 13358:10.1196/annals.1369.023 12815:Ulrich A (6 May 2005). 12287:10.1093/anatox/35.6.333 11261:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther 11110:10.1073/pnas.1103029108 11056:. University of Paris. 11048:mct (28 January 2012). 10821:10.1124/jpet.109.153775 10809:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther 10015:"Amphetamine Poisoning" 9465:10.1111/1440-1681.12404 8929:10.1073/pnas.0813179106 7986:10.1124/jpet.105.096503 6771:Neuropsychopharmacology 6472:10.1124/jpet.116.238501 6111:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther 5498:Diário Oficial da União 5396:In simpler terms, this 5374:of levomethamphetamine. 5328:, or levmetamfetamine ( 5297:, and, in New Zealand, 4909:of ephedrine using red 4370:route of administration 4184:or reverse function of 4021:Antipsychotics such as 4004:intracranial hemorrhage 3270:High fat or sugar food 3009:methylation of histones 2920:, including areas like 2704:, methamphetamine, and 2041:reactive oxygen species 1486: 1456:dimethylphenethylamines 1449:substituted amphetamine 1315:controlled substances. 25293:β-Methylphenethylamine 25287:α-Methylphenethylamine 24232:Tiospirone (BMY-13859) 24172:Gevotroline (WY-47384) 24097:18-Methoxycoronaridine 24084:Allosteric modulators: 23843:Panamesine (EMD-57455) 23793:Siramesine (Lu 28-179) 23730:Ditolylguanidine (DTG) 23493:Allosteric modulators: 23456:Panamesine (EMD-57455) 23401:BMY-14802 (BMS-181100) 23193:Ditolylguanidine (DTG) 23173:Dextromethorphan (DXM) 22801:Ulotaront (SEP-363856) 22743:β-Methylphenethylamine 22738:4-Methylphenethylamine 22733:3-Methylphenethylamine 22728:2-Methylphenethylamine 19328:Dichloropane (RTI-111) 18133:3-Benzhydrylmorpholine 18103:β-Methylphenethylamine 17979:3-Fluoroethamphetamine 17964:2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane 16353:Politics of drug abuse 15321:Mandragora officinarum 14433:Crystal Meth Anonymous 14400:Amphetamine dependence 14333:Inhibited transporters 13390:Molecular Neurobiology 12574:"Overdose Death Rates" 11494:J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal 10771:10.1073/pnas.151105198 10482:10.18502/pbr.v5i2.1585 10432:(8): 1526.e5–1526.e7. 9957:10.1542/peds.2011-2209 9705:Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol 8545:10.1098/rstb.2008.0067 8349:Molecular Neurobiology 7210:"Overdose Death Rates" 5091:traumatic brain injury 4963: 4879: 4867: 4774:to produce the formyl 4492:4-Hydroxyphenylacetone 4417:4-hydroxyphenylacetone 4384:dopamine β-hydroxylase 4186:monoamine transporters 4128: 4101:proton pump inhibitors 3950:Cochrane Collaboration 3892:rapid muscle breakdown 3884:pulmonary hypertension 3337:Behavioral plasticity 3043:contingency management 3007:or the acetylation or 2922:ventral tegmental area 2764:nuclear factor kappa B 2743:gene with the help of 2729:cAMP-dependent pathway 2721:postsynaptic receptors 2354:substance use disorder 2138:, marked shrinkage of 2080: 2053:glutamate transporters 2025:neuroimmune mechanisms 1892: 1759: 1671:substance use disorder 1527:idiopathic hypersomnia 1501: 1400:increase sexual desire 1262:traumatic brain injury 1234:central nervous system 331:dimethylphenethylamine 26484:(and close relatives) 25983:MDMA (midomafetamine) 25325:-Methylphenethylamine 25317:-Methylphenethylamine 25309:-Methylphenethylamine 25301:-Methylphenethylamine 24670:MDMA (midomafetamine) 23503:Methylphenylpiracetam 23078:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 22723:MDMA (midomafetamine) 22649:Synthetic and natural 22578:-Methylphenethylamine 22448:Monoamine neurotoxins 22072:MDMA (midomafetamine) 21419:Dextromethamphetamine 21374:MDMA (midomafetamine) 20722:MDMA (midomafetamine) 20675:Dextromethamphetamine 20228:Serotonin transporter 19986:Serdexmethylphenidate 19443:Salicylmethylecgonine 19079:Serdexmethylphenidate 18803:3-Fluorophenmetrazine 18502:Dextromethamphetamine 18448:MDMA (midomafetamine) 18034:a-Ethylphenethylamine 17444:3-Fluoromethcathinone 17116:Adenosine antagonists 16713:Saint Kitts and Nevis 16012:1988 Drug Trafficking 15605:Cannabis and religion 14569:Recreational drug use 14323:competitive inhibitor 14243:Dextromethamphetamine 14154:Recreational drug use 14097:Motivational salience 14092:-Methylphenethylamine 14039:Amphetamine psychosis 14008:4-Hydroxynorephedrine 13891:competitive inhibitor 13871:Tooltip messenger RNA 13476:Gloria A (May 2024). 13303:The Journal of Trauma 13159:. 16 September 2009. 11343:Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 10999:Front. Syst. Neurosci 10946:Trends Pharmacol. Sci 9377:Trends Pharmacol. Sci 8629:on 19 September 2018. 8278:10.1085/jgp.201110659 8152:10.1056/NEJMra1511480 7385:Moore P (June 2005). 6642:Behavioural Neurology 6508:"Levomethamphetamine" 6095:on 16 September 2018. 5232:Transcription factors 5174:Recreational drug use 5042:, a gangster born in 4958: 4954:Hermann-Göring-Pillen 4873: 4861: 4647:dextromethamphetamine 4641:Methamphetamine is a 4541:4-Hydroxynorephedrine 4446:4‑hydroxynorephedrine 4411:4-hydroxynorephedrine 4358:elimination half-life 4290:Dextromethamphetamine 4210:glutamate transporter 4166:serotonin transporter 4118: 4064:elimination half-life 3959:Amphetamine psychosis 3872:bleeding in the brain 3824:high body temperature 3816:abnormal heart rhythm 3342:Escalation of intake 3247:behavioral plasticity 3219:and be secreted into 3211:can pass through the 3202:vivid or lucid dreams 3063:psychodynamic therapy 3035:network meta-analysis 3027:Further information: 2787:transcription factors 2785:. The most important 2698:brain's reward center 2114:post-acute withdrawal 2022: 2005:amphetamine psychosis 1941:share a common needle 1887: 1827:high body temperature 1807:accelerated heartbeat 1767:Methamphetamine is a 1757: 1533:is available in some 1499: 1394:has been reported to 1360:bleeding in the brain 1250:second-line treatment 1246:performance-enhancing 34:Meth (disambiguation) 26648:N,N-Dimethyldopamine 26306:Phenylisobutylamines 26003:Naphthylaminopropane 25688:Isopropylamphetamine 25678:4-Hydroxyamphetamine 24533:Oxidopamine (6-OHDA) 24455:Oxidopamine (6-OHDA) 24445:-Methylnorsalsolinol 23326:Pregnenolone sulfate 23138:Cutamesine (SA-4503) 22967:List of trace amines 22703:4-Hydroxyamphetamine 21451:Naphthylaminopropane 21333:4-Hydroxyamphetamine 20978:Naphthylaminopropane 20635:4-Hydroxyamphetamine 20192:Dopamine transporter 20137:Miscellaneous/others 19777:Naphthylaminopropane 19288:4-fluorotropacocaine 18374:5-Iodo-2-aminoindane 18369:4-Hydroxyamphetamine 18206:Dimethoxyamphetamine 17984:3-Methoxyamphetamine 17335:Arylcyclohexylamines 17134:8-Phenyltheophylline 17124:8-Chlorotheophylline 16962:Responsible drug use 16773:United Arab Emirates 16092:Drug Policy Alliance 15980:Legality of drug use 15585:Legality of cannabis 15560:Cannabis Social Club 15530:Cannabis cultivation 15525:Cannabis consumption 15356:Cannabis (Marijuana) 15178:Psilocybin mushrooms 14448:Montana Meth Project 14264:Biomolecular targets 14003:4-Hydroxyamphetamine 13844:Biomolecular targets 13540:10.1038/npp.2011.276 13008:"Recordati: Desoxyn" 12884:Kamieński Ł (2016). 12605:. 3 September 2017. 12587:on 13 December 2017. 12183:10.1093/jat/28.6.449 11181:Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 10021:. Unbound Medicine. 7481:Rusinyak DE (2011). 7249:. 11 February 2015. 6783:10.1038/npp.2011.276 6254:Addictionlibrary.org 5913:Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 5579:. 8 September 2022. 5344:, or metamfetamine ( 5168:Montana Meth Project 4894:in 1893 by Japanese 4888:phenylisopropylamine 4719:= 10.81 Å, and 4534:4-Hydroxyamphetamine 4442:4‑hydroxyamphetamine 4405:4-hydroxyamphetamine 4158:dopamine transporter 3996:Forced acid diuresis 3876:circulatory collapse 3663:Changes in striatal 3088:), anticonvulsants ( 2810:medium spiny neurons 1888:A suspected case of 1727:Raynaud's phenomenon 1270:levo-methamphetamine 26966:Japanese inventions 26810:Lysergic acid amide 26556:Ethylnorepinephrine 26359:Phenylisobutylamine 25811:Phenylpropanolamine 25746:-Norpseudoephedrine 25717:Levomethamphetamine 25604:Dimethylamphetamine 24655:MDA (tenamfetamine) 24586:4-CAB (α-ethyl-PCA) 24528:MDA (tenamfetamine) 23476:Rimcazole (BW-234U) 22928:Neutral antagonists 22914:-Dimethylethylamine 22873:Neutral antagonists 22815:Neutral antagonists 22718:MDA (tenamfetamine) 22708:Isopropyloctopamine 22057:MDA (tenamfetamine) 21724:Levopropylhexedrine 21502:Phenylpropanolamine 21424:Levomethamphetamine 21364:MDA (tenamfetamine) 21258:Dimethylamphetamine 21069:Pseudophenmetrazine 21003:Levopropylhexedrine 20712:MDA (tenamfetamine) 20680:Levomethamphetamine 20570:Dimethylamphetamine 20368:Pseudophenmetrazine 19990:+dexmethylphenidate 18863:Pseudophenmetrazine 18675:Phenylpropanolamine 18595:-Norpseudoephedrine 18562:Naphthylamphetamine 18506:Levomethamphetamine 18433:MDA (tenamfetamine) 18275:Ethylnorepinephrine 18211:Dimethylamphetamine 17994:4-Fluoroamphetamine 17989:3-Methylamphetamine 17974:3-Fluoroamphetamine 17949:2-Fluoroamphetamine 17222:Levopropylhexedrine 17020:Tobacco consumption 16990:Alcohol consumption 16932:Drug rehabilitation 16869:Effects of cannabis 16593:Indian Ocean region 16373:Philippine drug war 16002:1961 Narcotic Drugs 14683:nail polish remover 14414:History and culture 14248:Levomethamphetamine 14059:Executive functions 13897:Carbonic anhydrases 13350:2006NYASA1074..261C 13126:. 14 October 2019. 13069:. 24 October 2019. 12988:on 30 November 2012 12705:10.5402/2011/974768 12628:Rassool GH (2009). 12502:10.1021/jo01188a006 12457:2013WatRe..47.5708B 12410:2011Chmsp..85.1002P 12326:2008AcCrE..64O.940H 12085:Anal. Bioanal. Chem 11959:on 31 October 2021. 11527:Glennon RA (2013). 11193:2011NYASA1216...86E 11101:2011PNAS..108.8485R 10762:2001PNAS...98.8966B 10523:Drug Alcohol Depend 10294:10.15620/cdc:122556 10199:Hofmann FG (1983). 9928:on 24 October 2021. 9180:J Subst Abuse Treat 9131:Drug Alcohol Depend 8920:2009PNAS..106.2915K 8592:Annu. Rev. Neurosci 8539:(1507): 3245–3255. 8024:Curr Drug Abuse Rev 7827:2012ArTox..86.1167C 7763:Curr Neuropharmacol 7088:on 10 November 2013 6655:10.1155/2015/103969 5925:2000NYASA.909..233S 5777:Drug Alcohol Depend 5715:Clinical Toxicology 5230: (Text color) 4822:reductive amination 4763:reductive amination 4651:levomethamphetamine 4600:levomethamphetamine 4392:butyrate-CoA ligase 4350:blood–brain barrier 4298:levomethamphetamine 4286:monoamine oxidase B 4282:monoamine oxidase A 3992:peritoneal dialysis 3974:Emergency treatment 3965:Death from overdose 3714:synaptic plasticity 3396:self-administration 3367:cross-sensitization 3236: 3225:neonatal withdrawal 3084:), antipsychotics ( 3039:combination therapy 2990:glutamate receptors 2304:physical dependence 2105:Parkinson's disease 2033:blood–brain barrier 1967:, apprehension and 1819:high blood pressure 1803:irregular heartbeat 1665:Methamphetamine is 1609:National Geographic 1368:stimulant psychosis 1319:is available as an 1317:Levomethamphetamine 61: 26951:Cardiac stimulants 26931:Anti-obesity drugs 26921:1893 introductions 25266:Phenylethanolamine 24323:-Cysteinyldopamine 23233:Igmesine (JO-1784) 23162:prasterone sulfate 22612:Phenylethanolamine 19981:Dexmethylphenidate 19053:Dexmethylphenidate 19039:Isopropylphenidate 18994:4-Benzylpiperidine 18979:2-Benzylpiperidine 18384:Indanylamphetamine 17479:4-Methylpentedrone 17464:4-Methylbuphedrone 16876:Drug-related crime 16553:Dominican Republic 16463:Illegal drug trade 15938:Religion and drugs 15893:Drug paraphernalia 15873:Chasing the dragon 15832:Fashion cigarettes 15413:Calea zacatechichi 15108:Psychoactive toads 14818:Mitragyna speciosa 14770:Dextropropoxyphene 14712:Nonbenzodiazepines 14620:Alcoholic beverage 14102:Incentive salience 13996:Active metabolites 13579:Neurologic Clinics 13247:on 5 December 2005 13043:on 22 January 2021 12848:Bull. Anesth. Hist 12248:Baselt RC (2020). 12207:Clin Pharmacokinet 11036:hyperpolarization. 10558:Eur. J. Emerg. Med 10248:10.1038/mp.2008.90 9429:10.2152/jmi.55.241 8661:Nat. Rev. Neurosci 7917: • 7870: • 7487:Neurologic Clinics 6396:"Meth Slang Names" 6339:ANTARA News Agency 5387:of specific genes. 5104:), and vitamin E. 4880: 4868: 4702:lattice parameters 4229:presynaptic neuron 4129: 3980:activated charcoal 3896:serotonin syndrome 3649:μ-opioid receptors 3643:μ-opioid receptors 3637:κ-opioid receptors 3632:μ-opioid receptors 3626:μ-opioid receptors 3556:dopamine signaling 3274:Sexual intercourse 3234: 3190:lack of motivation 3186:decreased movement 3182:increased movement 3178:increased appetite 3005:methylation of DNA 2897:Epigenetic factors 2891:dopaminergic drugs 2284:drug sensitization 2081: 2065:glucose metabolism 1893: 1823:low blood pressure 1789:increased movement 1785:excessive sweating 1760: 1539:nasal decongestant 1502: 1337:chemical precursor 1325:nasal decongestant 1229:-methylamphetamine 723:Duration of action 564:SE: Förteckning II 51: 26903: 26902: 26244:N-Ethylpentedrone 26204:Dimethylcathinone 25826:Propylamphetamine 25569:Dextroamphetamine 25241:Methallylescaline 24789: 24788: 24783: 24782: 24778: 24615:-Dimethyldopamine 24606:α-Me-DA (3,4-DHA) 24259: 24258: 24094:Unknown/unsorted: 23855:Unknown/unsorted: 23590: 23515:Unknown/unsorted: 23178:Dextrorphan (DXO) 23004: 23003: 22999: 22985: 22969: 22957: 22956: 22949:3-Iodothyronamine 22886: 22885: 22849: 22848: 22841:EPPTB (RO5212773) 22809: 22808: 22570:3-Methoxytyramine 22565:3-Iodothyronamine 22456: 22455: 22451: 22343: 22342: 21738: 21737: 21520:Propylamphetamine 21344:Iofetamine (123I) 21191:Dextroamphetamine 21013: 21012: 20806:Propylamphetamine 20640:Iofetamine (123I) 20489:Dextroamphetamine 20261: 20260: 19961:Dextroamphetamine 19925:pharmacotherapies 19888: 19887: 19827:Rubidium chloride 19298:Altropane (IACFT) 19212:Indapyrophenidone 19034:Methylnaphthidate 18795:Phenylmorpholines 18715:Propylamphetamine 18594: 18406: 18195: 18083:Dextroamphetamine 17574:N-Ethylbuphedrone 17514:Dimethylcathinone 17469:4-Methylcathinone 17227:Methylhexaneamine 17036: 17035: 17032: 17031: 17028: 17027: 16947:Pharmacovigilance 16927:Drug legalization 16825: 16824: 16392: 16391: 16388: 16387: 16323:Cognitive liberty 16267:Cannabis legality 16055:Decriminalization 15970: 15969: 15966: 15965: 15852:Smoking fetishism 15489: 15488: 15485: 15484: 15426: 15425: 15306:Atropa belladonna 14673:contact adhesives 14615:Ethanol (alcohol) 14535: 14534: 14388: 14387: 14257:Neuropharmacology 14195: 14194: 13991: 13990: 13836:Neuropharmacology 13831: 13830: 13787:Dextroamphetamine 13198:978-92-1-148223-2 12937:978-0-8147-7601-8 12897:978-0-19-026347-8 12801:978-90-481-2447-3 12639:978-0-203-87117-1 12542:10.1021/ac9005588 12536:(17): 7342–7348. 12259:978-0-578-57749-4 11542:978-1-60913-345-0 11095:(20): 8485–8490. 10756:(16): 8966–8971. 10216:978-0-19-503057-0 10019:Emergency Central 9999:978-0-07-166833-0 9670:10.1111/add.14755 9664:(12): 2122–2136. 8976:(Pt B): 259–268. 8970:Neuropharmacology 8824:Neuropharmacology 8718:978-0-07-148127-4 7925:Eur. J. Pharmacol 7878:Neuropharmacology 7669:978-0-12-801284-0 7614:978-0-12-420118-7 7569:. New York Post. 7428:on 16 August 2008 7339:AIDS and Behavior 7081:978-0-07-162442-8 7014:(9752): 1558–65. 6992:978-0-07-160593-9 6911:. 19 March 2022. 6612:on 12 August 2013 6559:levmetamfetamine. 6286:(in Indonesian). 6183:"Methamphetamine" 5456:"methamphetamine" 5342:)-methamphetamine 5334:D-methamphetamine 5326:)-methamphetamine 5318:L-methamphetamine 4839:Leuckart reaction 4585: 4584: 4440:are amphetamine, 4354:monoamine oxidase 4221:synaptic vesicles 4088:antihypertensives 4062:will prolong the 4060:CYP2D6 inhibitors 3868:cardiogenic shock 3848:urinary hesitancy 3778: 3777: 3756:nucleus accumbens 3726:nucleus accumbens 3711:Mesocorticolimbic 3616:Altered striatal 3527:nucleus accumbens 3494:nucleus accumbens 3300:nucleus accumbens 3279:Physical exercise 3267:Psychostimulants 3259: 3001:nucleus accumbens 2938:prefrontal cortex 2926:nucleus accumbens 2878:induce expression 2783:nucleus accumbens 2773: 2772: 2725:neurotransmitters 2414:nucleus accumbens 2410:Signaling cascade 2400: 2399: 2289:reverse tolerance 2156:paralimbic cortex 1775:, hyperactivity, 1743:Tourette syndrome 1661:Contraindications 1460:positional isomer 1223:(contracted from 1217: 1216: 1116:Interactive image 1012:CompTox Dashboard 713:hours (range 5–30 557: 545: 533: 521: 509: 498: 486: 478:(Controlled drug) 473: 412:vapour inhalation 334:, desoxyephedrine 321:methylamphetamine 93: 92: 16:(Redirected from 27018: 27001:Sympathomimetics 26609: 26601: 26592: 26583: 26524: 26485: 26239:N-Ethylhexedrone 26219:Hydroxybupropion 26059:Chlorphentermine 26036: 25745: 25723:Methoxyphenamine 25698:Lisdexamfetamine 25642:Levofenfluramine 25282:Phenpromethamine 24816: 24809: 24802: 24793: 24792: 24741: 24392:Dopamine quinone 24286: 24279: 24272: 24263: 24262: 23949: 23945: 23904: 23900: 23894: 23890: 23763:(midomafetamine) 23762: 23612: 23608: 23602: 23598: 23588: 23256:(midomafetamine) 23255: 23124: 23120: 23031: 23024: 23017: 23008: 23007: 22990: 22975: 22964: 22942:Inverse agonists 22897: 22896: 22860: 22859: 22833:Inverse agonists 22515: 22514: 22506: 22505: 22483: 22476: 22469: 22460: 22459: 22418: 22370:Antagonist-like: 22042:Levofenfluramine 21952:Chlorphentermine 21869:Phenethylamines: 21841:4-Methylaminorex 21754: 21753: 21750: 21746: 21705:Methylhexanamine 21536: 21492:Phenpromethamine 21349:Lisdexamfetamine 21133:Phenethylamines: 21029: 21028: 21025: 21021: 20973:Methylhexanamine 20796:Phenpromethamine 20645:Lisdexamfetamine 20432:Phenethylamines: 20328: 20327: 20324: 20320: 20303: 20296: 20289: 20280: 20279: 20270:Pharmacodynamics 20265: 20264: 20158:Related articles 20004: 19965:Lisdexamfetamine 19939: 19935: 19924: 19915: 19908: 19901: 19892: 19891: 19308:CFT (WIN 35,428) 19293:4'-Fluorococaine 19157:Diphenylprolinol 19024:Ethylnaphthidate 19019:Diphenylpyraline 18655:Phenpromethamine 18592: 18527:Methoxyphenamine 18517:Methoxyphenamine 18418:Lisdexamfetamine 18404: 18318:Levofenfluramine 18193: 18153:Chlorphentermine 17886:4-Methylaminorex 17579:N-Ethylhexedrone 17063: 17056: 17049: 17040: 17039: 16864:Drug harmfulness 16859:Driving impaired 16678:Papua New Guinea 16447:Rolling meth lab 16420: 16419: 16409: 16408: 16398: 16397: 16363:Mexican drug war 16272:Cocaine legality 16257:Alcohol legality 16087:Demand reduction 16075:Supply reduction 15987: 15986: 15976: 15975: 15653:Drinking culture 15595:Medical cannabis 15555:Cannabis smoking 15512:Cannabis culture 15508: 15507: 15495: 15494: 15471:recreational use 15316:Hyoscyamus niger 15277:Salvia divinorum 15260:Amanita muscaria 15222:recreational use 15202:recreational use 15091: 15090: 14659:recreational use 14588: 14587: 14577: 14576: 14562: 14555: 14548: 14539: 14538: 14522:Native Americans 14465:Rolling meth lab 14427:Crystal Darkness 14261: 14260: 14222: 14215: 14208: 14199: 14198: 14185: 14184: 14022:Related articles 13928:enzyme activator 13872: 13868: 13840: 13839: 13815:Lisdexamfetamine 13758:Adderall XR 13733:Dyanavel XR 13728: 13709: 13708: 13687: 13680: 13673: 13664: 13663: 13637: 13635: 13633: 13612: 13602: 13569: 13559: 13508: 13507: 13505: 13503: 13497: 13491:(9): 2121–2170. 13482: 13473: 13467: 13466: 13456: 13420: 13414: 13413: 13384: 13378: 13377: 13333: 13327: 13326: 13298: 13292: 13291: 13263: 13257: 13256: 13254: 13252: 13246: 13235: 13227: 13218: 13217: 13215: 13213: 13207: 13190: 13179: 13173: 13172: 13170: 13168: 13149: 13140: 13139: 13137: 13135: 13114: 13108: 13107: 13097: 13089: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13078: 13059: 13053: 13052: 13050: 13048: 13038: 13030: 13024: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13004: 12998: 12997: 12995: 12993: 12978: 12972: 12971: 12969: 12967: 12958:. 11 June 2009. 12948: 12942: 12941: 12923: 12914: 12913: 12911: 12909: 12881: 12872: 12871: 12854:(2): 21–24, 32. 12843: 12837: 12836: 12834: 12832: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12790:Freye E (2009). 12787: 12781: 12780: 12779: 12777: 12760: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12749: 12734: 12728: 12727: 12717: 12707: 12683: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12672: 12653: 12644: 12643: 12625: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12614: 12595: 12589: 12588: 12583:. Archived from 12570: 12564: 12563: 12553: 12521: 12506: 12505: 12485: 12479: 12478: 12468: 12436: 12430: 12429: 12393: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12382: 12362: 12356: 12355: 12345: 12305: 12299: 12298: 12275:J. Anal. Toxicol 12270: 12264: 12263: 12245: 12239: 12238: 12202: 12196: 12195: 12185: 12170:J. Anal. Toxicol 12161: 12152: 12151: 12128:J. Chromatogr. A 12123: 12117: 12116: 12091:(7): 1415–1435. 12080: 12074: 12073: 12050:J. Chromatogr. B 12045: 12039: 12038: 12010: 12004: 12003: 11967: 11961: 11960: 11955:. Archived from 11946: 11914: 11904: 11872: 11866: 11865: 11863: 11861: 11850:Pubchem Compound 11842: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11820:PubChem Compound 11812: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11801: 11790:PubChem Compound 11782: 11776: 11775: 11773: 11771: 11760:PubChem Compound 11752: 11746: 11745: 11743: 11741: 11722: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11711: 11692: 11686: 11685: 11671: 11639: 11633: 11632: 11627: 11625: 11619: 11604: 11586: 11577: 11571: 11570: 11556: 11554: 11524: 11518: 11517: 11489: 11480: 11479: 11439: 11433: 11432: 11423: 11421: 11402: 11375: 11374: 11338: 11329: 11328: 11318: 11301:(2): 1308–1317. 11286: 11277: 11276: 11256: 11250: 11249: 11229: 11223: 11222: 11212: 11172: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11161: 11142: 11133: 11132: 11122: 11112: 11080: 11074: 11073: 11067: 11065: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11024: 11014: 10990: 10984: 10983: 10969: 10937: 10931: 10930: 10916: 10884: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10873: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10832: 10800: 10794: 10793: 10783: 10773: 10741: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10730: 10711: 10700: 10699: 10689: 10657: 10646: 10645: 10643: 10641: 10622: 10613: 10612: 10610: 10608: 10588: 10582: 10581: 10553: 10547: 10546: 10518: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10502: 10484: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10421: 10415: 10414: 10404: 10372: 10366: 10365: 10355: 10345: 10336:(5): 3081–3087. 10321: 10315: 10314: 10296: 10276: 10270: 10269: 10259: 10227: 10221: 10220: 10196: 10190: 10189: 10171: 10139: 10128: 10127: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10095: 10089: 10050: 10041: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10030: 10010: 10004: 10003: 9985: 9979: 9978: 9968: 9936: 9930: 9929: 9924:. Archived from 9911: 9905: 9904: 9895:(8): 1169–1174. 9884: 9871: 9870: 9856: 9824: 9811: 9810: 9800: 9776: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9745: 9739: 9738: 9728: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9653: 9640: 9639: 9626: 9594: 9588: 9587: 9577: 9567: 9558:(12): e1002715. 9543: 9534: 9533: 9523: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9431: 9422:(3–4): 241–245. 9407: 9401: 9400: 9372: 9366: 9365: 9355: 9332:Biol. Psychiatry 9323: 9317: 9316: 9306: 9289:(Pt A): 157–73. 9274: 9268: 9267: 9257: 9225: 9214: 9213: 9203: 9171: 9165: 9164: 9154: 9122: 9116: 9115: 9101: 9084:(8): 3434–3442. 9069: 9060: 9059: 9045: 9013: 9004: 9003: 8993: 8961: 8952: 8951: 8941: 8931: 8914:(8): 2915–2920. 8899: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8888: 8868: 8862: 8861: 8847: 8830:(7): 1109–1122. 8815: 8774: 8773: 8734: 8723: 8722: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8684: 8652: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8622:. Archived from 8589: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8570: 8556: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8514: 8499: 8467: 8456: 8451: 8449:gene repression. 8448: 8444: 8430: 8398: 8387: 8386: 8376: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8327: 8325: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8289: 8257: 8251: 8246: 8243: 8239: 8224: 8192: 8181: 8180: 8163: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8110: 8086: 8073: 8072: 8054: 8048: 8047: 8019: 8006: 8005: 7980:(3): 1210–1218. 7968: 7962: 7961: 7948: 7915: 7901: 7868: 7855: 7854: 7821:(8): 1167–1231. 7810: 7804: 7803: 7786: 7754: 7739: 7737: 7727: 7695: 7681: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7626: 7592: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7562: 7556: 7555: 7532:Drug Alcohol Rev 7527: 7521: 7520: 7510: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7447: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7427: 7421:. Archived from 7420: 7412: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7389:. VillageVoice. 7382: 7373: 7372: 7362: 7330: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7274: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7239: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7185:. 17 June 2019. 7175: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7144: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7130: 7107: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7084:. Archived from 7063: 7050: 7049: 7023: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6958:. Archived from 6942: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6884: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6835: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6794: 6762: 6753: 6752: 6731: 6699: 6678: 6677: 6667: 6657: 6648:(103969): 1–11. 6633: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6576:Pubchem Compound 6568: 6562: 6561: 6555: 6553: 6534: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6512:Pubchem Compound 6504: 6498: 6497: 6483: 6451: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6306: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6204: 6202: 6179: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6154:PubChem Compound 6146: 6127: 6126: 6117:(3): 1251–1260. 6106: 6097: 6096: 6091:. Archived from 6082: 6050: 6040: 6008: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5988: 5977: 5969: 5956: 5955: 5908: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5883:PubChem Compound 5875: 5869: 5868: 5850: 5826: 5811: 5810: 5800: 5768: 5755: 5754: 5710: 5669: 5668: 5650: 5641:(7): 1085–1099. 5626: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5569: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5492:(24 July 2023). 5486: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5466:. Archived from 5452: 5436: 5427: 5411: 5410:methamphetamine. 5407: 5401: 5394: 5388: 5381: 5375: 5364:levmetamfetamine 5360: 5349: 5348:), respectively. 5343: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5308: 5302: 5247: 5235: 5229: 5223:linked receptors 5216: 5207: 5202: 5179:Rolling meth lab 4834: 4817: 4796: 4795:-methylformamide 4773: 4771:-methylformamide 4629: 4618: 4558:Human microbiota 4554: 4553: 4543: 4536: 4529: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4501: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4473: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4438:sympathomimetics 4419: 4413: 4407: 4367: 4363: 4332:, 67 to 90% via 4316:Pharmacokinetics 4178:protein kinase C 4174:protein kinase A 4132:Pharmacodynamics 3898:, and a form of 3856:adrenergic storm 3757: 3727: 3618:opioid signaling 3528: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3312: 3308: 3257: 3237: 3233: 3059:12-step programs 3013:epigenetic scars 2853:, among others. 2757: 2750: 2742: 2738: 2694: 2693: 2683: 2676: 2669: 2667: 2666: 2658: 2655: 2647: 2644: 2636: 2634: 2627: 2620: 2613: 2606: 2599: 2592: 2585: 2576: 2567: 2560: 2550: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2519: 2512: 2505: 2498: 2491: 2480: 2473: 2471:Nuclear membrane 2466: 2459: 2450: 2438: 2431: 2424: 2403: 2392: 2385: 2378: 2313:delirium tremens 2237: 2236: 2167:-acetylaspartate 2148:cingulate cortex 2093:oxidative stress 2067:, and excessive 1811:slowed heartbeat 1791:, dry mouth and 1773:loss of appetite 1707:bipolar disorder 1699:hypersensitivity 1683:arteriosclerosis 1650: 1638: 1576:extended-release 1572:Desoxyn Gradumet 1535:over-the-counter 1482: 1464:chemical formula 1452:chemical classes 1388:violent behavior 1321:over-the-counter 1297:substitute drugs 1231: 1213: 1212: 1118: 1098: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1057: 1046: 1035: 1034: 1020: 1018: 1002: 996: 975: 955: 935: 915: 907: 887: 867: 847: 827: 817: 816: 802: 794: 730: 716: 712: 705: 695: 686: 677: 668: 555: 552: 543: 540: 531: 528: 520: 517: 508: 505: 497: 494: 484: 481: 471: 468: 446: 352: 333: 323: 293: 289: 282: 281: 278: 277: 274: 271: 268: 265: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 247: 244: 241: 229: 225: 218: 217: 214: 213: 210: 207: 204: 201: 198: 195: 192: 189: 186: 183: 180: 177: 165: 161: 154: 153: 150: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 128: 125: 122: 119: 116: 113: 89: 82: 75: 74: 69: 62: 59: 57: 50: 21: 27026: 27025: 27021: 27020: 27019: 27017: 27016: 27015: 27011:VMAT inhibitors 26981:Phenethylamines 26916:Methamphetamine 26906: 26905: 26904: 26899: 26835:Methoxphenidine 26713: 26678:Normetanephrine 26607: 26599: 26590: 26581: 26522: 26483: 26482: 26474: 26363: 26354: 26300: 26261: 26112: 26103: 26091: 26042: 26034: 26010: 25858: 25846:Tranylcypromine 25831:Pseudoephedrine 25743: 25738:Norfenfluramine 25713:Methamphetamine 25638:Dexfenfluramine 25573:Levoamphetamine 25520: 25418:Bromo-DragonFLY 25366: 25352: 25330:Methylphenidate 25261: 24831:Phenethylamines 24825: 24823:Phenethylamines 24820: 24790: 24785: 24784: 24779: 24735: 24709: 24685:Norfenfluramine 24675:Methamphetamine 24542: 24479: 24432:MPP (cyperquat) 24427:Methamphetamine 24338:ALDH inhibitors 24295: 24290: 24260: 24255: 24241: 24161:St. John's wort 23987:Ethylketazocine 23967: 23947: 23902: 23892: 23768:Methamphetamine 23699: 23690: 23676:Trifluoperazine 23610: 23600: 23276:Methylphenidate 23266:Methamphetamine 23122: 23052: 23043: 23035: 23005: 23000: 22988: 22986: 22984:for references. 22972: 22970: 22953: 22937: 22923: 22882: 22868: 22845: 22827: 22805: 22776:Propylhexedrine 22758:Norfenfluramine 22748:Methamphetamine 22644: 22586:-Methyltyramine 22495: 22487: 22457: 22452: 22412: 22355:DAT modulators: 22339: 22318: 22257: 22176: 22132:Norfenfluramine 21977:Dexfenfluramine 21860: 21829: 21807:Aminotetralins: 21798: 21748: 21734: 21720:Propylhexedrine 21613: 21562: 21534: 21525:Pseudoephedrine 21414:Methamphetamine 21196:Levoamphetamine 21124: 21073: 21059:Phendimetrazine 21023: 21009: 20998:Propylhexedrine 20993:Phenylbiguanide 20876: 20835: 20811:Pseudoephedrine 20670:Methamphetamine 20494:Levoamphetamine 20423: 20372: 20358:Phendimetrazine 20322: 20312: 20307: 20272: 20262: 20257: 20153: 20132: 20070:Antidepressants 20064: 20045: 20042: 20033: 20001: 19995: 19976:Methylphenidate 19971:Methamphetamine 19957:Levoamphetamine 19937: 19927: 19919: 19889: 19884: 19871: 19772:Methiopropamine 19545: 19472: 19398:RTI-121 (IPCIT) 19274: 19265:Phenylpiracetam 19246: 19088: 19074:Propylphenidate 19049:Methylphenidate 19009:Desoxypipradrol 18960: 18872: 18848:Phendimetrazine 18789: 18765:Tranylcypromine 18720:Pseudoephedrine 18587:Normetanephrine 18582:Norfenfluramine 18498:Methamphetamine 18314:Dexfenfluramine 18087:Levoamphetamine 18069:2-Aminotetralin 17931:Phenethylamines 17925: 17872: 17829: 17771: 17598: 17539:Isoethcathinone 17430: 17397: 17329: 17246: 17237:Propylhexedrine 17183: 17110: 17072: 17067: 17037: 17024: 16982: 16976: 16952:Reagent testing 16910: 16901:Passive smoking 16831: 16821: 16451: 16437:Drug precursors 16424: 16415: 16413: 16403: 16384: 16338:Drug possession 16313:Cannabis rights 16296: 16292:Salvia legality 16245: 16136: 16130: 16038: 15981: 15962: 15943:Self-medication 15861: 15857:Tobacco smoking 15819:Smoking culture 15813: 15750: 15647: 15614: 15570:Cannabis vaping 15540:Cannabis rights 15535:Cannabis edible 15502: 15481: 15422: 15418:Silene capensis 15399: 15337: 15333:Diphenhydramine 15283: 15184: 15080: 15025: 14977:Methylphenidate 14967:Methamphetamine 14858: 14721: 14605:Benzodiazepines 14582: 14571: 14566: 14536: 14531: 14505: 14474: 14454:No More Sunsets 14409: 14384: 14328: 14312: 14302: 14292: 14252: 14231: 14229:Methamphetamine 14226: 14196: 14191: 14173: 14084:Methylphenidate 14079:Methamphetamine 14054:Doping in sport 14034:ADHD management 14017: 13987: 13933: 13877:5-HT1A receptor 13870: 13827: 13809: 13781: 13775:Levoamphetamine 13769: 13743:Evekeo ODT 13726: 13721:Adzenys ER 13705:pharmaceuticals 13704: 13702: 13696: 13691: 13645: 13640: 13631: 13629: 13517: 13515:Further reading 13512: 13511: 13501: 13499: 13495: 13480: 13474: 13470: 13428: 13421: 13417: 13385: 13381: 13334: 13330: 13299: 13295: 13264: 13260: 13250: 13248: 13244: 13233: 13229: 13228: 13221: 13211: 13209: 13205: 13199: 13188: 13180: 13176: 13166: 13164: 13151: 13150: 13143: 13133: 13131: 13116: 13115: 13111: 13090: 13086: 13076: 13074: 13061: 13060: 13056: 13046: 13044: 13036: 13032: 13031: 13027: 13017: 13015: 13006: 13005: 13001: 12991: 12989: 12980: 12979: 12975: 12965: 12963: 12950: 12949: 12945: 12938: 12924: 12917: 12907: 12905: 12898: 12882: 12875: 12844: 12840: 12830: 12828: 12813: 12809: 12802: 12788: 12784: 12775: 12773: 12762: 12761: 12757: 12747: 12745: 12736: 12735: 12731: 12684: 12680: 12670: 12668: 12655: 12654: 12647: 12640: 12626: 12622: 12612: 12610: 12597: 12596: 12592: 12572: 12571: 12567: 12522: 12509: 12486: 12482: 12451:(15): 5708–18. 12437: 12433: 12394: 12390: 12380: 12378: 12363: 12359: 12306: 12302: 12271: 12267: 12260: 12246: 12242: 12203: 12199: 12162: 12155: 12124: 12120: 12081: 12077: 12046: 12042: 12011: 12007: 11968: 11964: 11915: 11873: 11869: 11859: 11857: 11844: 11843: 11839: 11829: 11827: 11814: 11813: 11809: 11799: 11797: 11784: 11783: 11779: 11769: 11767: 11754: 11753: 11749: 11739: 11737: 11724: 11723: 11719: 11709: 11707: 11694: 11693: 11689: 11640: 11636: 11623: 11621: 11617: 11584: 11578: 11574: 11552: 11550: 11543: 11525: 11521: 11490: 11483: 11440: 11436: 11428: 11419: 11417: 11404: 11403: 11378: 11339: 11332: 11287: 11280: 11257: 11253: 11236:(in Japanese). 11230: 11226: 11173: 11169: 11159: 11157: 11144: 11143: 11136: 11081: 11077: 11070: 11063: 11061: 11046: 11042: 10991: 10987: 10938: 10934: 10885: 10881: 10871: 10869: 10862:IUPHAR database 10857: 10850: 10846: 10801: 10797: 10742: 10738: 10728: 10726: 10713: 10712: 10703: 10658: 10649: 10639: 10637: 10624: 10623: 10616: 10606: 10604: 10589: 10585: 10554: 10550: 10519: 10510: 10500: 10498: 10465: 10461: 10422: 10418: 10373: 10369: 10322: 10318: 10285:NCHS Data Brief 10277: 10273: 10236:Mol. Psychiatry 10228: 10224: 10217: 10197: 10193: 10186: 10184: 10154:(1): CD003026. 10140: 10131: 10121: 10107: 10103: 10093: 10091: 10087: 10048: 10042: 10038: 10028: 10026: 10011: 10007: 10000: 9986: 9982: 9937: 9933: 9921:ABC News Online 9912: 9908: 9885: 9874: 9839:(2): CD003021. 9825: 9814: 9791:(9): CD009695. 9777: 9773: 9763: 9761: 9746: 9742: 9697: 9693: 9654: 9643: 9595: 9591: 9544: 9537: 9492: 9488: 9449: 9445: 9408: 9404: 9373: 9369: 9324: 9320: 9275: 9271: 9226: 9217: 9172: 9168: 9123: 9119: 9070: 9063: 9014: 9007: 8962: 8955: 8900: 8896: 8886: 8884: 8869: 8865: 8816: 8777: 8735: 8726: 8719: 8705: 8701: 8673:10.1038/nrn3111 8667:(11): 623–637. 8653: 8634: 8626: 8587: 8581: 8577: 8568: 8525: 8521: 8512: 8468: 8459: 8452: 8446: 8442: 8419:10.1038/nrn3111 8413:(11): 623–637. 8399: 8390: 8341: 8337: 8323: 8321: 8311: 8307: 8258: 8254: 8247: 8241: 8237: 8193: 8184: 8176: 8132: 8128: 8087: 8076: 8069: 8055: 8051: 8020: 8009: 7969: 7965: 7916: 7869: 7858: 7811: 7807: 7800: 7798: 7755: 7742: 7696: 7670: 7648: 7644: 7615: 7593: 7586: 7576: 7574: 7563: 7559: 7528: 7524: 7479: 7475: 7465: 7463: 7448: 7441: 7431: 7429: 7425: 7418: 7414: 7413: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7387:"We Are Not OK" 7383: 7376: 7331: 7324: 7314: 7312: 7303: 7302: 7298: 7275: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7241: 7240: 7233: 7223: 7221: 7206: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7162: 7160: 7145: 7138: 7128: 7126: 7109: 7108: 7101: 7091: 7089: 7082: 7064: 7053: 7021:10.1.1.690.1283 7004: 7000: 6993: 6979: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6944: 6943: 6928: 6918: 6916: 6903: 6902: 6898: 6867:(12): 1705–11. 6853: 6849: 6812: 6808: 6763: 6756: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6700: 6681: 6634: 6625: 6615: 6613: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6551: 6549: 6536: 6535: 6531: 6521: 6519: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6452: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6424: 6423: 6419: 6409: 6407: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6379: 6377: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6346: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6314:Manila Bulletin 6308: 6307: 6303: 6293: 6291: 6278: 6277: 6273: 6263: 6261: 6248: 6247: 6243: 6233: 6231: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6200: 6198: 6181: 6180: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6148: 6147: 6130: 6107: 6100: 6051: 6017:Pharmacol. Ther 6009: 6002: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5959: 5909: 5902: 5892: 5890: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5827: 5814: 5769: 5758: 5711: 5672: 5627: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5571: 5570: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5470:on 14 June 2021 5460:Methamphetamine 5454: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5430: 5424: 5420: 5418:Reference notes 5415: 5414: 5408: 5404: 5395: 5391: 5382: 5378: 5361: 5352: 5337: 5333: 5321: 5317: 5315: 5309: 5305: 5248: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5225: 5214: 5212: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5194: 5110: 5103: 5087: 5068: 5062: 5036:Golden Triangle 5011:, specifically 5005: 4946:Stuka-Tabletten 4899:Nagai Nagayoshi 4856: 4850: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4835: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4818: 4809: 4808: 4791: 4766: 4748: 4742: 4729: 4715:= 7.29 Å, 4696: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4608: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4580: 4579: 4560:, particularly 4555: 4547: 4546: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4537: 4532: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4518: 4516: 4511: 4509: 4504: 4502: 4497: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4483: 4481: 4479:Methamphetamine 4478: 4474: 4466: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4365: 4361: 4322:bioavailability 4318: 4294:psychostimulant 4280:, and inhibits 4278: 4271: 4262:with a greater 4260:sigma receptors 4182:internalization 4170:phosphorylation 4134: 4113: 4103:, which reduce 4080:antidepressants 4052: 3976: 3967: 3930: 3924: 3840:rapid breathing 3811: 3783: 3755: 3753: 3750:Dendritic spine 3725: 3673: 3665:opioid peptides 3634: 3623: 3526: 3524: 3493: 3491: 3489:phosphorylation 3485: 3422: 3421:Psychostimulant 3394: 3393:Psychostimulant 3365: 3364:Psychostimulant 3310: 3298: 3287: 3280: 3244: 3242:neuroplasticity 3157:drug dependence 3138: 3070:pharmacotherapy 3031: 3025: 2918:reward pathways 2907:gene expression 2899: 2874:natural rewards 2831:methylphenidate 2779:gene expression 2776: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2755: 2748: 2740: 2695: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2679: 2677: 2672: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2609: 2607: 2602: 2600: 2595: 2593: 2588: 2586: 2579: 2577: 2570: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2478:Plasma membrane 2476: 2474: 2469: 2467: 2462: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2443: 2442: 2417: 2396: 2296:drug withdrawal 2254:biopsychosocial 2235: 2219: 2212: 2055:(specifically, 2037:sigma receptors 2017: 1981:self-confidence 1949: 1921: 1882: 1876: 1855:pale appearance 1815:rapid breathing 1769:sympathomemetic 1765: 1752: 1750:Adverse effects 1691:hyperthyroidism 1667:contraindicated 1663: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1617:internet dating 1607:According to a 1594: 1584: 1494: 1489: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1392:increase energy 1274:Methamphetamine 1224: 1221:Methamphetamine 1219: 1208: 1206: 1201: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1176: 1173: 1172:CNC(C)Cc1ccccc1 1168: 1167: 1132:Racemic mixture 1121: 1096: 1083: 1077: 1038: 1014: 1006: 978: 958: 938: 918: 890: 870: 850: 830: 813: 805: 777: 774: 761: 760: 728: 714: 710: 703: 693: 688: 684: 679: 675: 670: 666: 658:Onset of action 648: 643: 609:Protein binding 599: 594: 589: 581:Bioavailability 573:Pharmacokinetic 567: 450: 390: 378: 359: 325: 315: 307:Desoxyn, others 291: 287: 283: 238: 234: 227: 223: 219: 174: 170: 163: 159: 155: 110: 106: 54: 53: 52:Methamphetamine 47: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 27024: 27014: 27013: 27008: 27006:TAAR1 agonists 27003: 26998: 26993: 26988: 26986:Sigma agonists 26983: 26978: 26973: 26968: 26963: 26958: 26953: 26948: 26943: 26938: 26933: 26928: 26923: 26918: 26901: 26900: 26898: 26897: 26892: 26887: 26882: 26877: 26872: 26869:Levosalbutamol 26862: 26857: 26852: 26847: 26842: 26837: 26832: 26827: 26822: 26817: 26812: 26807: 26802: 26797: 26792: 26787: 26782: 26777: 26772: 26767: 26762: 26757: 26752: 26750:Desvenlafaxine 26747: 26742: 26737: 26732: 26727: 26721: 26719: 26715: 26714: 26712: 26711: 26706: 26701: 26693: 26685: 26680: 26675: 26665: 26663:Norepinephrine 26660: 26650: 26645: 26640: 26635: 26630: 26625: 26620: 26612: 26604: 26602:-Phenylalanine 26596: 26587: 26578: 26573: 26568: 26563: 26558: 26553: 26548: 26543: 26538: 26533: 26528: 26519: 26514: 26509: 26504: 26499: 26494: 26488: 26486: 26480:Catecholamines 26476: 26475: 26473: 26472: 26467: 26462: 26457: 26452: 26447: 26442: 26437: 26432: 26427: 26422: 26417: 26412: 26407: 26402: 26397: 26392: 26387: 26382: 26373: 26371: 26365: 26364: 26362: 26361: 26349: 26344: 26339: 26334: 26329: 26324: 26319: 26310: 26308: 26302: 26301: 26299: 26298: 26293: 26288: 26283: 26278: 26273: 26268: 26256: 26251: 26246: 26241: 26236: 26231: 26226: 26221: 26216: 26211: 26206: 26201: 26196: 26191: 26186: 26181: 26176: 26171: 26166: 26161: 26156: 26151: 26146: 26141: 26136: 26131: 26122: 26120: 26114: 26113: 26111: 26110: 26098: 26086: 26081: 26076: 26071: 26066: 26061: 26052: 26050: 26044: 26043: 26041: 26040: 26027: 26022: 26017: 26005: 26000: 25995: 25993:Methamnetamine 25990: 25985: 25980: 25975: 25970: 25965: 25960: 25955: 25950: 25945: 25940: 25935: 25930: 25925: 25920: 25915: 25910: 25905: 25900: 25895: 25890: 25885: 25880: 25875: 25870: 25865: 25853: 25848: 25843: 25838: 25833: 25828: 25823: 25818: 25813: 25808: 25803: 25798: 25793: 25788: 25783: 25778: 25773: 25768: 25763: 25758: 25753: 25748: 25740: 25735: 25730: 25725: 25720: 25710: 25705: 25700: 25695: 25690: 25685: 25680: 25675: 25670: 25665: 25660: 25655: 25650: 25645: 25631: 25626: 25621: 25616: 25614:Etilamfetamine 25611: 25606: 25601: 25596: 25591: 25586: 25581: 25576: 25562: 25557: 25552: 25547: 25542: 25537: 25532: 25527: 25515: 25510: 25505: 25500: 25495: 25490: 25485: 25480: 25475: 25470: 25465: 25460: 25455: 25450: 25445: 25440: 25435: 25430: 25425: 25420: 25415: 25410: 25405: 25400: 25395: 25390: 25385: 25376: 25374: 25368: 25367: 25365: 25364: 25359: 25347: 25342: 25333: 25332: 25327: 25319: 25311: 25303: 25295: 25290: 25284: 25279: 25277:Phenethylamine 25274: 25259: 25258: 25253: 25248: 25243: 25238: 25233: 25228: 25223: 25218: 25213: 25208: 25203: 25198: 25192: 25191: 25186: 25181: 25176: 25171: 25166: 25161: 25156: 25151: 25146: 25141: 25136: 25131: 25126: 25121: 25116: 25111: 25106: 25101: 25096: 25091: 25086: 25081: 25076: 25071: 25066: 25061: 25056: 25051: 25046: 25041: 25036: 25031: 25026: 25021: 25016: 25011: 25006: 25001: 24996: 24991: 24986: 24981: 24976: 24971: 24966: 24961: 24956: 24951: 24946: 24941: 24936: 24931: 24926: 24921: 24916: 24911: 24906: 24901: 24896: 24891: 24886: 24881: 24876: 24871: 24865: 24864: 24859: 24854: 24849: 24844: 24835: 24833: 24827: 24826: 24819: 24818: 24811: 24804: 24796: 24787: 24786: 24781: 24780: 24740: 24737: 24736: 24734: 24733: 24728: 24723: 24717: 24715: 24711: 24710: 24708: 24707: 24702: 24697: 24692: 24687: 24682: 24677: 24672: 24667: 24662: 24657: 24652: 24647: 24642: 24637: 24632: 24627: 24622: 24617: 24608: 24603: 24598: 24593: 24588: 24583: 24578: 24573: 24568: 24563: 24558: 24552: 24550: 24544: 24543: 24541: 24540: 24535: 24530: 24525: 24520: 24515: 24510: 24505: 24500: 24495: 24489: 24487: 24481: 24480: 24478: 24477: 24472: 24467: 24462: 24457: 24452: 24447: 24439: 24434: 24429: 24424: 24419: 24414: 24409: 24404: 24399: 24394: 24389: 24384: 24379: 24374: 24369: 24364: 24359: 24354: 24349: 24335: 24333:6-OHDA quinone 24330: 24325: 24316: 24311: 24305: 24303: 24297: 24296: 24289: 24288: 24281: 24274: 24266: 24257: 24256: 24246: 24243: 24242: 24240: 24239: 24234: 24229: 24224: 24219: 24214: 24209: 24204: 24199: 24194: 24189: 24184: 24179: 24174: 24169: 24164: 24154: 24149: 24144: 24139: 24134: 24129: 24127:Chlorpromazine 24124: 24119: 24114: 24109: 24104: 24099: 24090: 24089: 24080: 24079: 24074: 24069: 24064: 24059: 24054: 24049: 24044: 24039: 24034: 24029: 24024: 24015: 24014: 24009: 24004: 23999: 23994: 23989: 23984: 23975: 23973: 23969: 23968: 23966: 23965: 23960: 23955: 23950: 23940: 23935: 23930: 23925: 23920: 23915: 23910: 23905: 23895: 23885: 23880: 23875: 23870: 23865: 23860: 23851: 23850: 23845: 23840: 23835: 23830: 23825: 23820: 23815: 23810: 23801: 23800: 23795: 23790: 23785: 23780: 23775: 23770: 23765: 23757: 23752: 23747: 23742: 23737: 23732: 23727: 23722: 23717: 23712: 23703: 23701: 23697: 23692: 23691: 23689: 23688: 23683: 23678: 23673: 23668: 23663: 23658: 23653: 23648: 23643: 23638: 23633: 23628: 23623: 23618: 23613: 23603: 23593: 23585: 23580: 23575: 23570: 23568:Chlorpromazine 23565: 23560: 23555: 23550: 23545: 23540: 23535: 23530: 23525: 23520: 23511: 23510: 23505: 23489: 23488: 23483: 23478: 23473: 23468: 23463: 23458: 23453: 23448: 23443: 23438: 23433: 23428: 23423: 23421:E-52862 (S1RA) 23418: 23413: 23408: 23403: 23398: 23393: 23388: 23383: 23378: 23373: 23368: 23363: 23354: 23353: 23348: 23343: 23338: 23333: 23328: 23323: 23318: 23313: 23308: 23303: 23298: 23293: 23288: 23286:Neuropeptide Y 23283: 23278: 23273: 23268: 23263: 23258: 23250: 23245: 23240: 23235: 23230: 23225: 23220: 23215: 23210: 23205: 23200: 23195: 23190: 23185: 23180: 23175: 23170: 23168:Dextrallorphan 23165: 23155: 23145: 23140: 23135: 23130: 23125: 23115: 23110: 23105: 23100: 23095: 23090: 23085: 23080: 23075: 23070: 23065: 23056: 23054: 23050: 23045: 23044: 23038:Sigma receptor 23034: 23033: 23026: 23019: 23011: 23002: 23001: 22974: 22963: 22962: 22959: 22958: 22955: 22954: 22952: 22951: 22945: 22943: 22939: 22938: 22936: 22935: 22931: 22929: 22925: 22924: 22922: 22921: 22919:Trimethylamine 22916: 22903: 22901: 22894: 22888: 22887: 22884: 22883: 22881: 22880: 22876: 22874: 22870: 22869: 22866: 22864: 22857: 22851: 22850: 22847: 22846: 22844: 22843: 22837: 22835: 22829: 22828: 22826: 22825: 22819: 22817: 22811: 22810: 22807: 22806: 22804: 22803: 22798: 22793: 22788: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22765: 22760: 22755: 22750: 22745: 22740: 22735: 22730: 22725: 22720: 22715: 22710: 22705: 22700: 22695: 22690: 22685: 22680: 22668: 22663: 22658: 22652: 22650: 22646: 22645: 22643: 22642: 22641: 22640: 22632: 22624: 22619: 22614: 22609: 22607:Phenethylamine 22604: 22596: 22588: 22580: 22572: 22567: 22557: 22556: 22555: 22550: 22545: 22540: 22535: 22523: 22521: 22512: 22503: 22497: 22496: 22486: 22485: 22478: 22471: 22463: 22454: 22453: 22417: 22414: 22413: 22411: 22410: 22405: 22400: 22395: 22390: 22385: 22376: 22375: 22363: 22351: 22349: 22345: 22344: 22341: 22340: 22338: 22337: 22332: 22323: 22320: 22319: 22317: 22316: 22311: 22306: 22301: 22296: 22291: 22286: 22281: 22276: 22271: 22262: 22259: 22258: 22256: 22255: 22250: 22245: 22240: 22235: 22230: 22225: 22220: 22215: 22210: 22205: 22200: 22195: 22190: 22181: 22178: 22177: 22175: 22174: 22169: 22164: 22159: 22154: 22149: 22144: 22139: 22134: 22129: 22124: 22119: 22114: 22109: 22104: 22099: 22094: 22089: 22084: 22079: 22074: 22069: 22064: 22059: 22054: 22049: 22044: 22039: 22034: 22029: 22024: 22019: 22014: 22009: 22004: 21999: 21994: 21989: 21984: 21979: 21974: 21969: 21967:Metamfepramone 21964: 21959: 21954: 21949: 21944: 21939: 21934: 21929: 21924: 21919: 21914: 21909: 21904: 21899: 21894: 21889: 21884: 21879: 21874: 21865: 21862: 21861: 21859: 21858: 21853: 21848: 21843: 21834: 21831: 21830: 21828: 21827: 21822: 21817: 21812: 21803: 21800: 21799: 21797: 21796: 21791: 21786: 21781: 21776: 21771: 21766: 21757: 21751: 21740: 21739: 21736: 21735: 21733: 21732: 21730:Tuaminoheptane 21727: 21717: 21712: 21707: 21702: 21697: 21692: 21687: 21682: 21677: 21672: 21667: 21662: 21660:Cyclopentamine 21657: 21652: 21647: 21642: 21637: 21632: 21627: 21618: 21615: 21614: 21612: 21611: 21606: 21601: 21596: 21591: 21586: 21581: 21576: 21567: 21564: 21563: 21561: 21560: 21555: 21550: 21545: 21540: 21527: 21522: 21517: 21512: 21504: 21499: 21494: 21489: 21484: 21482:Phenethylamine 21479: 21474: 21466: 21458: 21453: 21448: 21443: 21438: 21433: 21428: 21427: 21426: 21421: 21411: 21406: 21401: 21396: 21391: 21386: 21381: 21379:Metamfepramone 21376: 21371: 21366: 21361: 21356: 21351: 21346: 21341: 21335: 21330: 21325: 21320: 21315: 21310: 21305: 21300: 21295: 21293:Etilamfetamine 21290: 21285: 21280: 21275: 21270: 21265: 21260: 21255: 21250: 21245: 21240: 21235: 21230: 21225: 21220: 21215: 21210: 21205: 21200: 21199: 21198: 21193: 21183: 21178: 21173: 21168: 21163: 21158: 21153: 21148: 21143: 21138: 21129: 21126: 21125: 21123: 21122: 21117: 21112: 21107: 21102: 21097: 21092: 21087: 21078: 21075: 21074: 21072: 21071: 21066: 21061: 21056: 21051: 21046: 21041: 21032: 21026: 21015: 21014: 21011: 21010: 21008: 21007: 21006: 21005: 20995: 20990: 20985: 20980: 20975: 20970: 20965: 20960: 20955: 20950: 20945: 20940: 20935: 20930: 20928:Cyclopentamine 20925: 20920: 20915: 20910: 20905: 20900: 20895: 20890: 20881: 20878: 20877: 20875: 20874: 20869: 20864: 20859: 20854: 20849: 20840: 20837: 20836: 20834: 20833: 20828: 20823: 20818: 20813: 20808: 20803: 20798: 20793: 20788: 20786:Phenethylamine 20783: 20778: 20770: 20762: 20754: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20734: 20729: 20724: 20719: 20714: 20709: 20704: 20699: 20694: 20689: 20684: 20683: 20682: 20677: 20667: 20665:Metamfepramone 20662: 20657: 20652: 20647: 20642: 20637: 20632: 20627: 20622: 20617: 20612: 20607: 20602: 20597: 20595:Etilamfetamine 20592: 20587: 20582: 20577: 20572: 20567: 20562: 20557: 20552: 20547: 20542: 20537: 20532: 20527: 20522: 20517: 20512: 20507: 20502: 20497: 20491: 20482: 20477: 20472: 20467: 20462: 20457: 20452: 20447: 20442: 20437: 20428: 20425: 20424: 20422: 20421: 20416: 20411: 20406: 20401: 20396: 20391: 20386: 20377: 20374: 20373: 20371: 20370: 20365: 20360: 20355: 20350: 20345: 20340: 20331: 20325: 20314: 20313: 20306: 20305: 20298: 20291: 20283: 20277: 20274: 20273: 20259: 20258: 20256: 20255: 20249: 20243: 20237: 20231: 20225: 20219: 20213: 20207: 20204:Norepinephrine 20201: 20195: 20189: 20183: 20178: 20173: 20168: 20161: 20159: 20155: 20154: 20152: 20151: 20146: 20140: 20138: 20134: 20133: 20131: 20130: 20125: 20120: 20115: 20110: 20105: 20100: 20095: 20090: 20085: 20080: 20074: 20072: 20066: 20065: 20063: 20062: 20057: 20051: 20049: 20040: 20035: 20034: 20032: 20031: 20026: 20021: 20016: 20010: 20008: 19997: 19996: 19994: 19993: 19983: 19978: 19973: 19968: 19945: 19943: 19929: 19928: 19918: 19917: 19910: 19903: 19895: 19886: 19885: 19876: 19873: 19872: 19870: 19869: 19864: 19859: 19854: 19849: 19844: 19839: 19834: 19829: 19824: 19819: 19814: 19809: 19804: 19799: 19794: 19789: 19784: 19779: 19774: 19769: 19767:Methastyridone 19764: 19762:Methamnetamine 19759: 19754: 19749: 19744: 19739: 19734: 19729: 19724: 19719: 19714: 19709: 19704: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19674: 19669: 19664: 19659: 19654: 19649: 19644: 19639: 19634: 19629: 19624: 19619: 19614: 19609: 19604: 19599: 19594: 19589: 19584: 19579: 19574: 19569: 19567:Amfonelic acid 19564: 19559: 19553: 19551: 19547: 19546: 19544: 19543: 19538: 19533: 19528: 19523: 19518: 19513: 19508: 19503: 19498: 19493: 19488: 19482: 19480: 19474: 19473: 19471: 19470: 19465: 19460: 19455: 19450: 19445: 19440: 19435: 19430: 19425: 19420: 19415: 19410: 19405: 19400: 19395: 19390: 19385: 19380: 19375: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19355: 19350: 19345: 19340: 19335: 19330: 19325: 19320: 19315: 19313:β-CIT (RTI-55) 19310: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19284: 19282: 19276: 19275: 19273: 19272: 19267: 19262: 19256: 19254: 19248: 19247: 19245: 19244: 19239: 19234: 19229: 19224: 19219: 19214: 19209: 19204: 19199: 19194: 19189: 19184: 19179: 19174: 19169: 19164: 19159: 19154: 19149: 19144: 19139: 19134: 19129: 19124: 19119: 19114: 19109: 19104: 19098: 19096: 19090: 19089: 19087: 19086: 19081: 19076: 19071: 19066: 19061: 19056: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19029:Ethylphenidate 19026: 19021: 19016: 19011: 19006: 19001: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18970: 18968: 18962: 18961: 18959: 18958: 18953: 18948: 18943: 18938: 18933: 18928: 18923: 18918: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18882: 18880: 18874: 18873: 18871: 18870: 18865: 18860: 18855: 18850: 18845: 18840: 18835: 18830: 18825: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18799: 18797: 18791: 18790: 18788: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18757: 18752: 18747: 18742: 18737: 18734:Levosalbutamol 18727: 18722: 18717: 18712: 18707: 18702: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18612: 18607: 18602: 18597: 18589: 18584: 18579: 18574: 18572:Norepinephrine 18569: 18564: 18559: 18554: 18549: 18544: 18539: 18534: 18529: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18509: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18455: 18450: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18430: 18425: 18420: 18415: 18410: 18401: 18396: 18391: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18356: 18351: 18346: 18341: 18336: 18331: 18326: 18321: 18307: 18302: 18297: 18292: 18287: 18282: 18280:Etilamfetamine 18277: 18272: 18267: 18262: 18257: 18252: 18247: 18242: 18237: 18232: 18218: 18213: 18208: 18203: 18198: 18190: 18185: 18180: 18175: 18170: 18165: 18160: 18155: 18150: 18145: 18140: 18135: 18130: 18125: 18120: 18115: 18110: 18105: 18100: 18095: 18090: 18076: 18071: 18066: 18061: 18056: 18051: 18046: 18041: 18036: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18016: 18011: 18006: 18001: 17996: 17991: 17986: 17981: 17976: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17951: 17946: 17941: 17935: 17933: 17927: 17926: 17924: 17923: 17918: 17913: 17908: 17903: 17898: 17893: 17888: 17882: 17880: 17874: 17873: 17871: 17870: 17865: 17860: 17855: 17850: 17845: 17839: 17837: 17831: 17830: 17828: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17807: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17781: 17779: 17773: 17772: 17770: 17769: 17764: 17759: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17729: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17679: 17674: 17669: 17664: 17659: 17654: 17649: 17644: 17639: 17634: 17629: 17624: 17619: 17614: 17608: 17606: 17600: 17599: 17597: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17506: 17501: 17496: 17491: 17486: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17466: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17440: 17438: 17432: 17431: 17429: 17428: 17423: 17418: 17413: 17407: 17405: 17399: 17398: 17396: 17395: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17350: 17348:Dieticyclidine 17345: 17339: 17337: 17331: 17330: 17328: 17327: 17322: 17317: 17312: 17307: 17302: 17297: 17292: 17287: 17282: 17277: 17272: 17267: 17262: 17256: 17254: 17248: 17247: 17245: 17244: 17242:Tuaminoheptane 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17204: 17199: 17197:Cyclopentamine 17193: 17191: 17185: 17184: 17182: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17159:Istradefylline 17156: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17120: 17118: 17112: 17111: 17109: 17108: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17082: 17080: 17074: 17073: 17066: 17065: 17058: 17051: 17043: 17034: 17033: 17030: 17029: 17026: 17025: 17023: 17022: 17017: 17012: 17011: 17010: 17005: 16997: 16992: 16986: 16984: 16978: 16977: 16975: 16974: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16918: 16916: 16915:Harm reduction 16912: 16911: 16909: 16908: 16907: 16906: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16872: 16871: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16849:Date rape drug 16846: 16841: 16835: 16833: 16827: 16826: 16823: 16822: 16820: 16819: 16818: 16817: 16815:Liquor license 16812: 16807: 16802: 16792: 16790:Darknet market 16787: 16786: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16645: 16640: 16635: 16630: 16625: 16620: 16615: 16610: 16605: 16600: 16595: 16590: 16585: 16580: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16540: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16520: 16515: 16510: 16505: 16500: 16495: 16490: 16485: 16480: 16475: 16470: 16459: 16457: 16453: 16452: 16450: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16428: 16426: 16417: 16405: 16404: 16394: 16393: 16390: 16389: 16386: 16385: 16383: 16382: 16380:Zero tolerance 16377: 16376: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16304: 16302: 16298: 16297: 16295: 16294: 16289: 16284: 16279: 16274: 16269: 16264: 16259: 16253: 16251: 16247: 16246: 16244: 16243: 16242: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16216: 16211: 16206: 16196: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16154:Czech Republic 16151: 16146: 16140: 16138: 16132: 16131: 16129: 16128: 16127: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16115: 16114: 16107:Liberalization 16104: 16099: 16097:Harm reduction 16094: 16089: 16079: 16078: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16046: 16044: 16040: 16039: 16037: 16036: 16035: 16034: 16029: 16024: 16016: 16015: 16014: 16009: 16004: 15993: 15991: 15983: 15982: 15972: 15971: 15968: 15967: 15964: 15963: 15961: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15930: 15925: 15923:Party and play 15920: 15915: 15913:Needle sharing 15910: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15869: 15867: 15863: 15862: 15860: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15827:Cigarette card 15823: 15821: 15815: 15814: 15812: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15771: 15766: 15760: 15758: 15752: 15751: 15749: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15736:Tailgate party 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15686:Drinking games 15683: 15678: 15676:Binge drinking 15673: 15668: 15663: 15657: 15655: 15649: 15648: 15646: 15645: 15640: 15635: 15630: 15624: 15622: 15620:Coffee culture 15616: 15615: 15613: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15516: 15514: 15504: 15503: 15491: 15490: 15487: 15486: 15483: 15482: 15480: 15479: 15474: 15464: 15463: 15462: 15457: 15447: 15442: 15436: 15434: 15428: 15427: 15424: 15423: 15421: 15420: 15415: 15409: 15407: 15401: 15400: 15398: 15397: 15396: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15370: 15369: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15347: 15345: 15339: 15338: 15336: 15335: 15330: 15328:Dimenhydrinate 15325: 15324: 15323: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15293: 15291: 15285: 15284: 15282: 15281: 15280: 15279: 15269: 15264: 15263: 15262: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15241: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15228:alkyl nitrites 15225: 15210: 15205: 15194: 15192: 15186: 15185: 15183: 15182: 15181: 15180: 15166: 15165: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15152:Peruvian torch 15144: 15139: 15134: 15133: 15132: 15122: 15121: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15099: 15097: 15088: 15082: 15081: 15079: 15078: 15077: 15076: 15071: 15061: 15056: 15051: 15050: 15049: 15041: 15035: 15033: 15027: 15026: 15024: 15023: 15022: 15021: 15016: 15006: 15005: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14953: 14952: 14942: 14941: 14940: 14935: 14925: 14924: 14923: 14913: 14912: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14891: 14886: 14885: 14884: 14874: 14868: 14866: 14860: 14859: 14857: 14856: 14851: 14850: 14849: 14839: 14838: 14837: 14827: 14826: 14825: 14815: 14810: 14809: 14808: 14800: 14795: 14794: 14793: 14785: 14780: 14779: 14778: 14775: 14767: 14766: 14765: 14757: 14756: 14755: 14745: 14744: 14743: 14740: 14731: 14729: 14723: 14722: 14720: 14719: 14717:Quinazolinones 14714: 14709: 14704: 14703: 14702: 14701: 14700: 14692: 14691: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14664: 14663: 14662: 14644: 14639: 14637:Gabapentinoids 14634: 14633: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14596: 14594: 14584: 14583: 14573: 14572: 14565: 14564: 14557: 14550: 14542: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14513: 14511: 14507: 14506: 14504: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14482: 14480: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14460:Party and play 14457: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14423: 14417: 14415: 14411: 14410: 14408: 14407: 14402: 14396: 14394: 14390: 14389: 14386: 14385: 14383: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14336: 14334: 14330: 14329: 14327: 14326: 14316: 14310: 14306: 14300: 14296: 14290: 14286: 14280: 14274: 14267: 14265: 14258: 14254: 14253: 14251: 14250: 14245: 14239: 14237: 14233: 14232: 14225: 14224: 14217: 14210: 14202: 14193: 14192: 14190: 14189: 14178: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14139:Phenethylamine 14136: 14131: 14126: 14124:Norepinephrine 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14105: 14104: 14094: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14025: 14023: 14019: 14018: 14016: 14015: 14010: 14005: 13999: 13997: 13993: 13992: 13989: 13988: 13986: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13944: 13942: 13935: 13934: 13932: 13931: 13894: 13884: 13879:(low affinity 13874: 13859: 13848: 13846: 13837: 13833: 13832: 13829: 13828: 13826: 13825: 13819: 13817: 13811: 13810: 13808: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13791: 13789: 13783: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13771: 13770: 13768: 13767: 13766: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13727:Adzenys XR-ODT 13723: 13717: 13715: 13706: 13701:Main articles 13698: 13697: 13690: 13689: 13682: 13675: 13667: 13661: 13660: 13651: 13644: 13643:External links 13641: 13639: 13638: 13613: 13585:(3): 641–655. 13570: 13534:(3): 586–608. 13518: 13516: 13513: 13510: 13509: 13468: 13439:(4): 434–438. 13426: 13415: 13396:(1): 125–136. 13379: 13344:(1): 261–271. 13328: 13309:(3): 674–677. 13293: 13258: 13219: 13197: 13174: 13141: 13109: 13084: 13054: 13025: 13014:on 7 July 2013 12999: 12973: 12943: 12936: 12915: 12896: 12873: 12838: 12821:Spiegel Online 12807: 12800: 12782: 12755: 12729: 12692:ISRN Dentistry 12678: 12645: 12638: 12620: 12590: 12565: 12507: 12496:(6): 529–536. 12480: 12431: 12388: 12357: 12320:(Pt 5): o940. 12300: 12281:(6): 333–340. 12265: 12258: 12240: 12213:(3): 157–185. 12197: 12176:(6): 449–455. 12153: 12134:(1–2): 73–86. 12118: 12075: 12056:(1): 163–187. 12040: 12021:(2): 487–505. 12005: 11978:(5): 422–424. 11962: 11881:Pharmacol. Res 11867: 11837: 11807: 11777: 11747: 11717: 11687: 11654:(2): 278–284. 11634: 11595:(2): 454–458. 11572: 11541: 11519: 11500:(2): 247–255. 11481: 11434: 11376: 11349:(4): 403–420. 11330: 11278: 11267:(2): 752–758. 11251: 11240:(4): 171–178. 11224: 11167: 11134: 11075: 11040: 10985: 10952:(9): 489–496. 10932: 10899:(2): 404–416. 10879: 10855: 10844: 10815:(1): 316–325. 10795: 10736: 10701: 10672:(2): 164–176. 10647: 10614: 10583: 10564:(3): 130–135. 10548: 10508: 10459: 10416: 10367: 10316: 10271: 10242:(2): 123–142. 10222: 10215: 10191: 10129: 10119: 10101: 10059:(6): 361–365. 10036: 10005: 9998: 9980: 9931: 9906: 9872: 9812: 9771: 9740: 9711:(2): 382–400. 9691: 9641: 9609:(3): 363–374. 9589: 9535: 9506:(5): 712–727. 9500:Molecular Cell 9486: 9459:(6): 570–575. 9443: 9402: 9367: 9318: 9269: 9215: 9166: 9117: 9061: 9005: 8953: 8894: 8863: 8775: 8745:(6): 428–437. 8724: 8717: 8699: 8632: 8575: 8519: 8482:(3): 136–143. 8457: 8388: 8355:(2): 696–717 ( 8335: 8305: 8252: 8207:(3): 257–268. 8182: 8146:(4): 363–371. 8126: 8101:(4): 431–443. 8074: 8067: 8049: 8030:(3): 156–162. 8007: 7963: 7856: 7805: 7740: 7668: 7642: 7613: 7584: 7557: 7538:(3): 253–262. 7522: 7493:(3): 641–655. 7473: 7452:"Amphetamines" 7439: 7404: 7374: 7345:(4): 783–791. 7322: 7311:on 1 June 2008 7296: 7285:(4): 334–345. 7264: 7231: 7200: 7170: 7136: 7099: 7080: 7051: 6998: 6991: 6973: 6962:on 8 July 2016 6926: 6896: 6847: 6826:(4): 306–317. 6806: 6777:(3): 586–608. 6754: 6714:(2): 379–407. 6708:Brain Res. Rev 6679: 6623: 6593: 6563: 6544:. April 2015. 6529: 6499: 6466:(3): 474–488. 6443: 6417: 6400:MethhelpOnline 6387: 6356: 6326: 6301: 6271: 6241: 6211: 6171: 6128: 6098: 6065:(3): 357–387. 6023:(3): 357–387. 6000: 5957: 5919:(1): 233–246. 5900: 5870: 5812: 5756: 5721:(7): 675–694. 5670: 5594: 5515: 5481: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5428: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5402: 5389: 5376: 5350: 5303: 5241: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5226: 5213: 5204: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5171: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5138:Harm reduction 5135: 5129: 5124: 5116: 5109: 5106: 5101: 5086: 5083: 5076:United Nations 5064:Main article: 5061: 5058: 5004: 5001: 4884:Lazăr Edeleanu 4852:Main article: 4849: 4846: 4836: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4819: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4757:by either the 4741: 4738: 4728: 4725: 4694: 4661:leaves. It is 4634: 4633: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4549: 4548: 4476: 4475: 4468: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4317: 4314: 4292:is a stronger 4276: 4269: 4133: 4130: 4112: 4109: 4092:antipsychotics 4051: 4048: 4016:benzodiazepine 3975: 3972: 3966: 3963: 3938:hallucinations 3926:Main section: 3923: 3920: 3888:kidney failure 3810: 3807: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3717: 3716: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3667: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3628: 3620: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3596: 3582: 3568: 3558: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3374:Not applicable 3372: 3369: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3291: 3290: 3283: 3276: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3249: 3170:dysphoric mood 3137: 3134: 3024: 3021: 2898: 2895: 2883:sex addictions 2771: 2770: 2706:phenethylamine 2689: 2688: 2556: 2546: 2486: 2453: 2452: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2433: 2426: 2418: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2394: 2387: 2380: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2358: 2350: 2342: 2333: 2324: 2316: 2300: 2292: 2280: 2272: 2270:reward systems 2265:addictive drug 2261: 2242: 2241: 2234: 2231: 2217: 2210: 2205:sigma receptor 2142:, and reduced 2128:hyperintensity 2101:p53 expression 2089:Excitotoxicity 2016: 2013: 1948: 1945: 1920: 1917: 1878:Main article: 1875: 1872: 1831:blurred vision 1793:teeth grinding 1777:dilated pupils 1764: 1761: 1751: 1748: 1715:blood pressure 1662: 1659: 1652: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1613:party and play 1588:Party and play 1583: 1580: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1476: 1470: 1376:hallucinations 1339:availability. 1232:) is a potent 1215: 1214: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1120: 1119: 1111: 1109: 1101: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1070: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1048: 1040: 1039: 1037: 1036: 1023: 1021: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1004: 988: 986: 980: 979: 977: 976: 968: 966: 960: 959: 957: 956: 948: 946: 940: 939: 937: 936: 928: 926: 920: 919: 917: 916: 908: 900: 898: 892: 891: 889: 888: 880: 878: 872: 871: 869: 868: 860: 858: 852: 851: 849: 848: 840: 838: 832: 831: 829: 828: 820: 818: 807: 806: 804: 803: 795: 787: 785: 779: 778: 776: 775: 764: 756: 755: 754: 751: 750: 746: 745: 739: 733: 732: 725: 719: 718: 707: 698: 697: 660: 654: 653: 637: 631: 630: 621: 615: 614: 611: 605: 604: 583: 577: 576: 569: 568: 566: 565: 562: 550: 538: 526: 515: 503: 492: 479: 465: 463: 457: 456: 452: 451: 449: 448: 435: 433: 427: 426: 393: 391:administration 385: 384: 381: 373: 372: 362: 354: 353: 346: 336: 335: 313: 309: 308: 305: 299: 298: 104: 100: 99: 95: 94: 91: 90: 83: 71: 70: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 27023: 27012: 27009: 27007: 27004: 27002: 26999: 26997: 26994: 26992: 26989: 26987: 26984: 26982: 26979: 26977: 26974: 26972: 26969: 26967: 26964: 26962: 26959: 26957: 26954: 26952: 26949: 26947: 26944: 26942: 26939: 26937: 26934: 26932: 26929: 26927: 26924: 26922: 26919: 26917: 26914: 26913: 26911: 26896: 26893: 26891: 26888: 26886: 26885:Thiamphenicol 26883: 26881: 26880:Theodrenaline 26878: 26876: 26873: 26870: 26866: 26863: 26861: 26858: 26856: 26853: 26851: 26848: 26846: 26843: 26841: 26838: 26836: 26833: 26831: 26828: 26826: 26823: 26821: 26818: 26816: 26813: 26811: 26808: 26806: 26803: 26801: 26798: 26796: 26795:Fluorolintane 26793: 26791: 26788: 26786: 26783: 26781: 26778: 26776: 26773: 26771: 26768: 26766: 26763: 26761: 26758: 26756: 26753: 26751: 26748: 26746: 26743: 26741: 26738: 26736: 26733: 26731: 26728: 26726: 26723: 26722: 26720: 26718:Miscellaneous 26716: 26710: 26707: 26705: 26704:Phenylephrine 26702: 26700: 26698: 26694: 26692: 26690: 26686: 26684: 26683:Orciprenaline 26681: 26679: 26676: 26673: 26669: 26666: 26664: 26661: 26658: 26657:Levonordefrin 26654: 26651: 26649: 26646: 26644: 26641: 26639: 26636: 26634: 26631: 26629: 26626: 26624: 26621: 26619: 26617: 26613: 26611: 26605: 26603: 26597: 26594: 26588: 26585: 26579: 26577: 26574: 26572: 26569: 26567: 26564: 26562: 26559: 26557: 26554: 26552: 26549: 26547: 26544: 26542: 26539: 26537: 26534: 26532: 26529: 26526: 26520: 26518: 26515: 26513: 26510: 26508: 26505: 26503: 26500: 26498: 26495: 26493: 26490: 26489: 26487: 26481: 26477: 26471: 26468: 26466: 26463: 26461: 26458: 26456: 26453: 26451: 26448: 26446: 26443: 26441: 26438: 26436: 26433: 26431: 26428: 26426: 26423: 26421: 26418: 26416: 26413: 26411: 26408: 26406: 26403: 26401: 26398: 26396: 26393: 26391: 26388: 26386: 26383: 26381: 26378: 26375: 26374: 26372: 26370: 26366: 26360: 26357: 26353: 26350: 26348: 26345: 26343: 26340: 26338: 26335: 26333: 26330: 26328: 26325: 26323: 26320: 26318: 26315: 26312: 26311: 26309: 26307: 26303: 26297: 26294: 26292: 26289: 26287: 26284: 26282: 26279: 26277: 26274: 26272: 26269: 26267: 26264: 26260: 26257: 26255: 26252: 26250: 26247: 26245: 26242: 26240: 26237: 26235: 26232: 26230: 26227: 26225: 26224:Methcathinone 26222: 26220: 26217: 26215: 26212: 26210: 26207: 26205: 26202: 26200: 26197: 26195: 26192: 26190: 26187: 26185: 26182: 26180: 26177: 26175: 26172: 26170: 26167: 26165: 26162: 26160: 26157: 26155: 26152: 26150: 26147: 26145: 26142: 26140: 26137: 26135: 26132: 26130: 26127: 26124: 26123: 26121: 26119: 26115: 26109: 26106: 26102: 26099: 26097: 26094: 26090: 26087: 26085: 26082: 26080: 26079:Mephentermine 26077: 26075: 26072: 26070: 26067: 26065: 26062: 26060: 26057: 26054: 26053: 26051: 26049: 26045: 26038: 26031: 26028: 26026: 26023: 26021: 26018: 26016: 26013: 26009: 26006: 26004: 26001: 25999: 25996: 25994: 25991: 25989: 25986: 25984: 25981: 25979: 25976: 25974: 25971: 25969: 25966: 25964: 25961: 25959: 25956: 25954: 25951: 25949: 25946: 25944: 25941: 25939: 25936: 25934: 25931: 25929: 25928:6-Chloro-MDMA 25926: 25924: 25921: 25919: 25916: 25914: 25911: 25909: 25906: 25904: 25901: 25899: 25896: 25894: 25891: 25889: 25886: 25884: 25881: 25879: 25876: 25874: 25871: 25869: 25866: 25864: 25861: 25857: 25854: 25852: 25851:Xylopropamine 25849: 25847: 25844: 25842: 25839: 25837: 25834: 25832: 25829: 25827: 25824: 25822: 25819: 25817: 25814: 25812: 25809: 25807: 25804: 25802: 25799: 25797: 25794: 25792: 25789: 25787: 25784: 25782: 25779: 25777: 25774: 25772: 25769: 25767: 25764: 25762: 25759: 25757: 25754: 25752: 25749: 25747: 25741: 25739: 25736: 25734: 25731: 25729: 25726: 25724: 25721: 25718: 25714: 25711: 25709: 25706: 25704: 25701: 25699: 25696: 25694: 25691: 25689: 25686: 25684: 25681: 25679: 25676: 25674: 25671: 25669: 25666: 25664: 25661: 25659: 25656: 25654: 25651: 25649: 25646: 25643: 25639: 25635: 25632: 25630: 25627: 25625: 25622: 25620: 25617: 25615: 25612: 25610: 25607: 25605: 25602: 25600: 25597: 25595: 25592: 25590: 25589:Benzphetamine 25587: 25585: 25582: 25580: 25577: 25574: 25570: 25566: 25563: 25561: 25558: 25556: 25553: 25551: 25548: 25546: 25543: 25541: 25538: 25536: 25533: 25531: 25528: 25526: 25523: 25519: 25516: 25514: 25511: 25509: 25506: 25504: 25501: 25499: 25496: 25494: 25491: 25489: 25486: 25484: 25481: 25479: 25476: 25474: 25471: 25469: 25466: 25464: 25461: 25459: 25456: 25454: 25451: 25449: 25446: 25444: 25441: 25439: 25436: 25434: 25431: 25429: 25426: 25424: 25421: 25419: 25416: 25414: 25411: 25409: 25406: 25404: 25401: 25399: 25396: 25394: 25391: 25389: 25386: 25384: 25381: 25380:Psychedelics: 25378: 25377: 25375: 25373: 25369: 25363: 25360: 25358: 25355: 25351: 25348: 25346: 25343: 25341: 25338: 25335: 25334: 25331: 25328: 25326: 25324: 25320: 25318: 25316: 25312: 25310: 25308: 25304: 25302: 25300: 25296: 25294: 25291: 25289:(amphetamine) 25288: 25285: 25283: 25280: 25278: 25275: 25273: 25270: 25269: 25268: 25267: 25264: 25257: 25254: 25252: 25249: 25247: 25244: 25242: 25239: 25237: 25234: 25232: 25229: 25227: 25224: 25222: 25219: 25217: 25214: 25212: 25211:Isoproscaline 25209: 25207: 25204: 25202: 25199: 25197: 25196:Allylescaline 25194: 25193: 25190: 25187: 25185: 25182: 25180: 25177: 25175: 25172: 25170: 25167: 25165: 25162: 25160: 25157: 25155: 25152: 25150: 25147: 25145: 25142: 25140: 25137: 25135: 25132: 25130: 25127: 25125: 25122: 25120: 25117: 25115: 25112: 25110: 25107: 25105: 25102: 25100: 25097: 25095: 25092: 25090: 25087: 25085: 25082: 25080: 25077: 25075: 25072: 25070: 25067: 25065: 25062: 25060: 25057: 25055: 25052: 25050: 25047: 25045: 25042: 25040: 25037: 25035: 25032: 25030: 25027: 25025: 25022: 25020: 25017: 25015: 25012: 25010: 25007: 25005: 25002: 25000: 24997: 24995: 24992: 24990: 24987: 24985: 24982: 24980: 24977: 24975: 24972: 24970: 24967: 24965: 24962: 24960: 24957: 24955: 24952: 24950: 24947: 24945: 24942: 24940: 24937: 24935: 24932: 24930: 24927: 24925: 24922: 24920: 24917: 24915: 24912: 24910: 24907: 24905: 24902: 24900: 24897: 24895: 24892: 24890: 24887: 24885: 24882: 24880: 24877: 24875: 24872: 24870: 24867: 24866: 24863: 24860: 24858: 24855: 24853: 24850: 24848: 24845: 24843: 24840: 24839:Psychedelics: 24837: 24836: 24834: 24832: 24828: 24824: 24817: 24812: 24810: 24805: 24803: 24798: 24797: 24794: 24777: 24776: 24772: 24768: 24764: 24763:Serotonergics 24760: 24759:Melatonergics 24756: 24755:Dopaminergics 24752: 24748: 24745: 24738: 24732: 24729: 24727: 24724: 24722: 24719: 24718: 24716: 24712: 24706: 24703: 24701: 24698: 24696: 24693: 24691: 24688: 24686: 24683: 24681: 24678: 24676: 24673: 24671: 24668: 24666: 24663: 24661: 24658: 24656: 24653: 24651: 24648: 24646: 24643: 24641: 24638: 24636: 24633: 24631: 24628: 24626: 24623: 24621: 24618: 24616: 24614: 24609: 24607: 24604: 24602: 24599: 24597: 24594: 24592: 24589: 24587: 24584: 24582: 24579: 24577: 24574: 24572: 24569: 24567: 24564: 24562: 24559: 24557: 24556:2'-Amino-MPTP 24554: 24553: 24551: 24549: 24545: 24539: 24536: 24534: 24531: 24529: 24526: 24524: 24521: 24519: 24516: 24514: 24513:6-Hydroxydopa 24511: 24509: 24506: 24504: 24501: 24499: 24496: 24494: 24493:2'-Amino-MPTP 24491: 24490: 24488: 24486: 24485:Noradrenergic 24482: 24476: 24473: 24471: 24468: 24466: 24463: 24461: 24458: 24456: 24453: 24451: 24450:Norsalsolinol 24448: 24446: 24444: 24440: 24438: 24435: 24433: 24430: 24428: 24425: 24423: 24420: 24418: 24415: 24413: 24410: 24408: 24405: 24403: 24400: 24398: 24397:Fenpropathrin 24395: 24393: 24390: 24388: 24385: 24383: 24382:DOPAL quinone 24380: 24378: 24375: 24373: 24370: 24368: 24365: 24363: 24360: 24358: 24355: 24353: 24350: 24347: 24346:methylmercury 24343: 24339: 24336: 24334: 24331: 24329: 24326: 24324: 24322: 24317: 24315: 24312: 24310: 24307: 24306: 24304: 24302: 24298: 24294: 24287: 24282: 24280: 24275: 24273: 24268: 24267: 24264: 24254: 24253: 24250: 24244: 24238: 24235: 24233: 24230: 24228: 24225: 24223: 24220: 24218: 24215: 24213: 24210: 24208: 24205: 24203: 24200: 24198: 24195: 24193: 24190: 24188: 24185: 24183: 24180: 24178: 24175: 24173: 24170: 24168: 24165: 24162: 24158: 24155: 24153: 24150: 24148: 24145: 24143: 24140: 24138: 24135: 24133: 24130: 24128: 24125: 24123: 24120: 24118: 24115: 24113: 24110: 24108: 24105: 24103: 24100: 24098: 24095: 24092: 24091: 24088: 24085: 24082: 24081: 24078: 24075: 24073: 24070: 24068: 24065: 24063: 24060: 24058: 24055: 24053: 24050: 24048: 24045: 24043: 24040: 24038: 24035: 24033: 24030: 24028: 24025: 24023: 24020: 24017: 24016: 24013: 24012:Tenocyclidine 24010: 24008: 24005: 24003: 24000: 23998: 23995: 23993: 23990: 23988: 23985: 23983: 23980: 23977: 23976: 23974: 23970: 23964: 23961: 23959: 23956: 23954: 23951: 23946: 23941: 23939: 23936: 23934: 23931: 23929: 23926: 23924: 23921: 23919: 23916: 23914: 23911: 23909: 23906: 23901: 23896: 23891: 23886: 23884: 23881: 23879: 23876: 23874: 23871: 23869: 23866: 23864: 23861: 23859: 23856: 23853: 23852: 23849: 23846: 23844: 23841: 23839: 23836: 23834: 23831: 23829: 23826: 23824: 23821: 23819: 23816: 23814: 23811: 23809: 23806: 23803: 23802: 23799: 23796: 23794: 23791: 23789: 23788:Phencyclidine 23786: 23784: 23781: 23779: 23776: 23774: 23771: 23769: 23766: 23764: 23758: 23756: 23753: 23751: 23748: 23746: 23743: 23741: 23738: 23736: 23733: 23731: 23728: 23726: 23723: 23721: 23718: 23716: 23713: 23711: 23708: 23705: 23704: 23702: 23700: 23693: 23687: 23684: 23682: 23679: 23677: 23674: 23672: 23669: 23667: 23664: 23662: 23659: 23657: 23654: 23652: 23649: 23647: 23644: 23642: 23639: 23637: 23634: 23632: 23629: 23627: 23624: 23622: 23619: 23617: 23614: 23609: 23604: 23599: 23594: 23592: 23586: 23584: 23581: 23579: 23576: 23574: 23571: 23569: 23566: 23564: 23561: 23559: 23558:Amitriptyline 23556: 23554: 23551: 23549: 23546: 23544: 23541: 23539: 23536: 23534: 23531: 23529: 23526: 23524: 23521: 23519: 23516: 23513: 23512: 23509: 23506: 23504: 23501: 23497: 23494: 23491: 23490: 23487: 23484: 23482: 23479: 23477: 23474: 23472: 23469: 23467: 23464: 23462: 23459: 23457: 23454: 23452: 23449: 23447: 23444: 23442: 23439: 23437: 23434: 23432: 23429: 23427: 23424: 23422: 23419: 23417: 23414: 23412: 23409: 23407: 23404: 23402: 23399: 23397: 23394: 23392: 23389: 23387: 23384: 23382: 23379: 23377: 23374: 23372: 23369: 23367: 23364: 23362: 23359: 23356: 23355: 23352: 23349: 23347: 23344: 23342: 23339: 23337: 23334: 23332: 23329: 23327: 23324: 23322: 23319: 23317: 23314: 23312: 23309: 23307: 23304: 23302: 23299: 23297: 23294: 23292: 23289: 23287: 23284: 23282: 23279: 23277: 23274: 23272: 23271:Methoxetamine 23269: 23267: 23264: 23262: 23259: 23257: 23251: 23249: 23246: 23244: 23241: 23239: 23236: 23234: 23231: 23229: 23226: 23224: 23221: 23219: 23216: 23214: 23211: 23209: 23206: 23204: 23201: 23199: 23196: 23194: 23191: 23189: 23186: 23184: 23181: 23179: 23176: 23174: 23171: 23169: 23166: 23163: 23159: 23156: 23153: 23149: 23146: 23144: 23141: 23139: 23136: 23134: 23131: 23129: 23126: 23121: 23116: 23114: 23111: 23109: 23106: 23104: 23101: 23099: 23096: 23094: 23091: 23089: 23086: 23084: 23081: 23079: 23076: 23074: 23071: 23069: 23066: 23064: 23061: 23058: 23057: 23055: 23053: 23046: 23042: 23039: 23032: 23027: 23025: 23020: 23018: 23013: 23012: 23009: 22998: 22997: 22994: 22989: 22983: 22979: 22973: 22968: 22960: 22950: 22947: 22946: 22944: 22940: 22933: 22932: 22930: 22926: 22920: 22917: 22915: 22913: 22909: 22905: 22904: 22902: 22898: 22895: 22893: 22889: 22878: 22877: 22875: 22871: 22865: 22861: 22858: 22856: 22852: 22842: 22839: 22838: 22836: 22834: 22830: 22824: 22821: 22820: 22818: 22816: 22812: 22802: 22799: 22797: 22794: 22792: 22789: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22770: 22766: 22764: 22761: 22759: 22756: 22754: 22751: 22749: 22746: 22744: 22741: 22739: 22736: 22734: 22731: 22729: 22726: 22724: 22721: 22719: 22716: 22714: 22711: 22709: 22706: 22704: 22701: 22699: 22696: 22694: 22691: 22689: 22686: 22684: 22681: 22679: 22677: 22673: 22669: 22667: 22664: 22662: 22659: 22657: 22654: 22653: 22651: 22647: 22639: 22637: 22633: 22631: 22629: 22625: 22623: 22620: 22618: 22615: 22613: 22610: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22601: 22597: 22595: 22593: 22589: 22587: 22585: 22581: 22579: 22577: 22573: 22571: 22568: 22566: 22563: 22562: 22561: 22558: 22554: 22551: 22549: 22546: 22544: 22541: 22539: 22536: 22534: 22531: 22530: 22529: 22525: 22524: 22522: 22520: 22516: 22513: 22511: 22507: 22504: 22502: 22498: 22494: 22491: 22484: 22479: 22477: 22472: 22470: 22465: 22464: 22461: 22450: 22449: 22445: 22441: 22440:Serotonergics 22437: 22436:Dopaminergics 22433: 22429: 22425: 22422: 22415: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22391: 22389: 22386: 22384: 22381: 22378: 22377: 22374: 22371: 22367: 22364: 22362: 22359: 22358:Agonist-like: 22356: 22353: 22352: 22350: 22346: 22336: 22333: 22331: 22328: 22325: 22324: 22321: 22315: 22312: 22310: 22307: 22305: 22302: 22300: 22297: 22295: 22292: 22290: 22287: 22285: 22282: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22272: 22270: 22267: 22264: 22263: 22260: 22254: 22251: 22249: 22246: 22244: 22241: 22239: 22236: 22234: 22231: 22229: 22226: 22224: 22221: 22219: 22216: 22214: 22211: 22209: 22206: 22204: 22201: 22199: 22196: 22194: 22191: 22189: 22186: 22183: 22182: 22179: 22173: 22170: 22168: 22165: 22163: 22160: 22158: 22155: 22153: 22150: 22148: 22145: 22143: 22140: 22138: 22135: 22133: 22130: 22128: 22125: 22123: 22120: 22118: 22115: 22113: 22110: 22108: 22105: 22103: 22100: 22098: 22095: 22093: 22090: 22088: 22085: 22083: 22080: 22078: 22075: 22073: 22070: 22068: 22065: 22063: 22060: 22058: 22055: 22053: 22050: 22048: 22045: 22043: 22040: 22038: 22035: 22033: 22030: 22028: 22025: 22023: 22020: 22018: 22015: 22013: 22010: 22008: 22005: 22003: 22000: 21998: 21995: 21993: 21990: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21980: 21978: 21975: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21965: 21963: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21953: 21950: 21948: 21945: 21943: 21940: 21938: 21935: 21933: 21930: 21928: 21925: 21923: 21920: 21918: 21915: 21913: 21910: 21908: 21905: 21903: 21900: 21898: 21895: 21893: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21878: 21875: 21873: 21870: 21867: 21866: 21863: 21857: 21854: 21852: 21849: 21847: 21844: 21842: 21839: 21836: 21835: 21832: 21826: 21823: 21821: 21818: 21816: 21813: 21811: 21808: 21805: 21804: 21801: 21795: 21792: 21790: 21787: 21785: 21782: 21780: 21777: 21775: 21772: 21770: 21767: 21765: 21762: 21761:Aminoindanes: 21759: 21758: 21755: 21752: 21747: 21741: 21731: 21728: 21725: 21721: 21718: 21716: 21713: 21711: 21708: 21706: 21703: 21701: 21700:Isometheptene 21698: 21696: 21693: 21691: 21690:Hexacyclonate 21688: 21686: 21683: 21681: 21678: 21676: 21673: 21671: 21668: 21666: 21663: 21661: 21658: 21656: 21653: 21651: 21648: 21646: 21643: 21641: 21638: 21636: 21633: 21631: 21628: 21626: 21623: 21620: 21619: 21616: 21610: 21607: 21605: 21602: 21600: 21597: 21595: 21592: 21590: 21587: 21585: 21582: 21580: 21577: 21575: 21572: 21569: 21568: 21565: 21559: 21556: 21554: 21553:Xylopropamine 21551: 21549: 21546: 21544: 21541: 21538: 21531: 21528: 21526: 21523: 21521: 21518: 21516: 21513: 21511: 21509: 21505: 21503: 21500: 21498: 21495: 21493: 21490: 21488: 21485: 21483: 21480: 21478: 21475: 21473: 21471: 21467: 21465: 21463: 21459: 21457: 21454: 21452: 21449: 21447: 21444: 21442: 21439: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21431:Methcathinone 21429: 21425: 21422: 21420: 21417: 21416: 21415: 21412: 21410: 21409:Mephentermine 21407: 21405: 21402: 21400: 21397: 21395: 21392: 21390: 21387: 21385: 21382: 21380: 21377: 21375: 21372: 21370: 21367: 21365: 21362: 21360: 21357: 21355: 21352: 21350: 21347: 21345: 21342: 21339: 21336: 21334: 21331: 21329: 21326: 21324: 21321: 21319: 21316: 21314: 21311: 21309: 21306: 21304: 21301: 21299: 21296: 21294: 21291: 21289: 21286: 21284: 21281: 21279: 21276: 21274: 21271: 21269: 21266: 21264: 21261: 21259: 21256: 21254: 21251: 21249: 21246: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21231: 21229: 21226: 21224: 21221: 21219: 21218:Benzphetamine 21216: 21214: 21211: 21209: 21206: 21204: 21201: 21197: 21194: 21192: 21189: 21188: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21179: 21177: 21174: 21172: 21169: 21167: 21164: 21162: 21159: 21157: 21154: 21152: 21149: 21147: 21144: 21142: 21139: 21137: 21134: 21131: 21130: 21127: 21121: 21118: 21116: 21113: 21111: 21108: 21106: 21103: 21101: 21098: 21096: 21093: 21091: 21088: 21086: 21083: 21080: 21079: 21076: 21070: 21067: 21065: 21064:Phenmetrazine 21062: 21060: 21057: 21055: 21052: 21050: 21047: 21045: 21042: 21040: 21037: 21034: 21033: 21030: 21027: 21022: 21016: 21004: 21001: 21000: 20999: 20996: 20994: 20991: 20989: 20986: 20984: 20981: 20979: 20976: 20974: 20971: 20969: 20968:Isometheptene 20966: 20964: 20961: 20959: 20958:Hexacyclonate 20956: 20954: 20951: 20949: 20946: 20944: 20941: 20939: 20936: 20934: 20931: 20929: 20926: 20924: 20921: 20919: 20916: 20914: 20911: 20909: 20906: 20904: 20901: 20899: 20896: 20894: 20891: 20889: 20886: 20883: 20882: 20879: 20873: 20870: 20868: 20865: 20863: 20860: 20858: 20855: 20853: 20850: 20848: 20845: 20842: 20841: 20838: 20832: 20829: 20827: 20826:Xylopropamine 20824: 20822: 20819: 20817: 20814: 20812: 20809: 20807: 20804: 20802: 20799: 20797: 20794: 20792: 20789: 20787: 20784: 20782: 20779: 20777: 20775: 20771: 20769: 20767: 20763: 20761: 20759: 20755: 20753: 20750: 20748: 20745: 20743: 20740: 20738: 20735: 20733: 20730: 20728: 20725: 20723: 20720: 20718: 20715: 20713: 20710: 20708: 20705: 20703: 20700: 20698: 20695: 20693: 20690: 20688: 20687:Methcathinone 20685: 20681: 20678: 20676: 20673: 20672: 20671: 20668: 20666: 20663: 20661: 20658: 20656: 20653: 20651: 20648: 20646: 20643: 20641: 20638: 20636: 20633: 20631: 20628: 20626: 20623: 20621: 20618: 20616: 20613: 20611: 20608: 20606: 20603: 20601: 20598: 20596: 20593: 20591: 20588: 20586: 20583: 20581: 20578: 20576: 20573: 20571: 20568: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20558: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20548: 20546: 20543: 20541: 20538: 20536: 20533: 20531: 20528: 20526: 20523: 20521: 20520:Benzphetamine 20518: 20516: 20513: 20511: 20508: 20506: 20503: 20501: 20498: 20495: 20492: 20490: 20486: 20483: 20481: 20478: 20476: 20473: 20471: 20468: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20456: 20453: 20451: 20448: 20446: 20443: 20441: 20438: 20436: 20433: 20430: 20429: 20426: 20420: 20417: 20415: 20412: 20410: 20407: 20405: 20402: 20400: 20397: 20395: 20392: 20390: 20387: 20385: 20382: 20379: 20378: 20375: 20369: 20366: 20364: 20363:Phenmetrazine 20361: 20359: 20356: 20354: 20351: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20333: 20332: 20329: 20326: 20321: 20315: 20311: 20304: 20299: 20297: 20292: 20290: 20285: 20284: 20281: 20275: 20271: 20266: 20253: 20250: 20247: 20244: 20241: 20238: 20235: 20232: 20229: 20226: 20223: 20220: 20217: 20214: 20211: 20208: 20205: 20202: 20199: 20196: 20193: 20190: 20187: 20184: 20182: 20179: 20177: 20174: 20172: 20169: 20166: 20163: 20162: 20160: 20156: 20150: 20149:Carbamazepine 20147: 20145: 20142: 20141: 20139: 20135: 20129: 20126: 20124: 20121: 20119: 20118:Nortriptyline 20116: 20114: 20111: 20109: 20106: 20104: 20101: 20099: 20096: 20094: 20091: 20089: 20086: 20084: 20081: 20079: 20078:Amitriptyline 20076: 20075: 20073: 20071: 20067: 20061: 20058: 20056: 20053: 20052: 20050: 20048: 20044: 20043:-adrenoceptor 20036: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20011: 20009: 20007: 20000:Non-classical 19998: 19991: 19987: 19984: 19982: 19979: 19977: 19974: 19972: 19969: 19966: 19962: 19958: 19954: 19950: 19947: 19946: 19944: 19942: 19936: 19930: 19926: 19916: 19911: 19909: 19904: 19902: 19897: 19896: 19893: 19883: 19879: 19874: 19868: 19865: 19863: 19860: 19858: 19855: 19853: 19850: 19848: 19847:Thiopropamine 19845: 19843: 19840: 19838: 19835: 19833: 19830: 19828: 19825: 19823: 19820: 19818: 19815: 19813: 19810: 19808: 19805: 19803: 19800: 19798: 19795: 19793: 19790: 19788: 19785: 19783: 19780: 19778: 19775: 19773: 19770: 19768: 19765: 19763: 19760: 19758: 19755: 19753: 19750: 19748: 19747:Meclofenoxate 19745: 19743: 19740: 19738: 19735: 19733: 19730: 19728: 19725: 19723: 19720: 19718: 19715: 19713: 19710: 19708: 19705: 19703: 19700: 19698: 19697:Hexacyclonate 19695: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19658: 19655: 19653: 19650: 19648: 19645: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19630: 19628: 19625: 19623: 19620: 19618: 19615: 19613: 19612:Centanafadine 19610: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19585: 19583: 19580: 19578: 19575: 19573: 19570: 19568: 19565: 19563: 19560: 19558: 19555: 19554: 19552: 19548: 19542: 19539: 19537: 19534: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19524: 19522: 19519: 19517: 19514: 19512: 19509: 19507: 19504: 19502: 19499: 19497: 19494: 19492: 19489: 19487: 19484: 19483: 19481: 19479: 19475: 19469: 19466: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19451: 19449: 19446: 19444: 19441: 19439: 19436: 19434: 19431: 19429: 19426: 19424: 19421: 19419: 19416: 19414: 19411: 19409: 19406: 19404: 19401: 19399: 19396: 19394: 19391: 19389: 19386: 19384: 19381: 19379: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19359: 19356: 19354: 19351: 19349: 19348:Ioflupane (I) 19346: 19344: 19341: 19339: 19336: 19334: 19331: 19329: 19326: 19324: 19321: 19319: 19316: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19285: 19283: 19281: 19277: 19271: 19268: 19266: 19263: 19261: 19258: 19257: 19255: 19253: 19249: 19243: 19240: 19238: 19235: 19233: 19230: 19228: 19225: 19223: 19220: 19218: 19215: 19213: 19210: 19208: 19205: 19203: 19200: 19198: 19195: 19193: 19190: 19188: 19185: 19183: 19180: 19178: 19175: 19173: 19170: 19168: 19165: 19163: 19160: 19158: 19155: 19153: 19150: 19148: 19145: 19143: 19140: 19138: 19135: 19133: 19130: 19128: 19125: 19123: 19120: 19118: 19115: 19113: 19110: 19108: 19105: 19103: 19100: 19099: 19097: 19095: 19091: 19085: 19082: 19080: 19077: 19075: 19072: 19070: 19067: 19065: 19064:Phacetoperane 19062: 19060: 19057: 19054: 19050: 19047: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19022: 19020: 19017: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19007: 19005: 19002: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18971: 18969: 18967: 18963: 18957: 18954: 18952: 18949: 18947: 18944: 18942: 18939: 18937: 18934: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18924: 18922: 18919: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18897: 18894: 18892: 18889: 18887: 18884: 18883: 18881: 18879: 18875: 18869: 18866: 18864: 18861: 18859: 18856: 18854: 18853:Phenmetrazine 18851: 18849: 18846: 18844: 18841: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18831: 18829: 18826: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18800: 18798: 18796: 18792: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18780:Xylopropamine 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18755:Theodrenaline 18753: 18751: 18748: 18746: 18743: 18741: 18738: 18735: 18731: 18728: 18726: 18723: 18721: 18718: 18716: 18713: 18711: 18708: 18706: 18703: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18670:Phenylephrine 18668: 18666: 18665:Phenylalanine 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18605:Orciprenaline 18603: 18601: 18598: 18596: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18565: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18538: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18507: 18503: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18478:Mephentermine 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18424: 18421: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18411: 18408: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18342: 18340: 18337: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18319: 18315: 18311: 18308: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18296: 18293: 18291: 18288: 18286: 18283: 18281: 18278: 18276: 18273: 18271: 18268: 18266: 18263: 18261: 18258: 18256: 18253: 18251: 18248: 18246: 18243: 18241: 18238: 18236: 18233: 18230: 18226: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18212: 18209: 18207: 18204: 18202: 18199: 18197: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18159: 18156: 18154: 18151: 18149: 18146: 18144: 18141: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18119: 18118:Benzphetamine 18116: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18096: 18094: 18091: 18088: 18084: 18080: 18077: 18075: 18072: 18070: 18067: 18065: 18062: 18060: 18059:2-Aminoindane 18057: 18055: 18052: 18050: 18047: 18045: 18042: 18040: 18037: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18022: 18020: 18017: 18015: 18012: 18010: 18007: 18005: 18002: 18000: 17997: 17995: 17992: 17990: 17987: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17950: 17947: 17945: 17942: 17940: 17937: 17936: 17934: 17932: 17928: 17922: 17919: 17917: 17914: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17883: 17881: 17879: 17875: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17859: 17856: 17854: 17851: 17849: 17846: 17844: 17841: 17840: 17838: 17836: 17832: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17782: 17780: 17778: 17774: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17663: 17660: 17658: 17655: 17653: 17650: 17648: 17645: 17643: 17640: 17638: 17635: 17633: 17630: 17628: 17625: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17613: 17610: 17609: 17607: 17605: 17601: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17549:Methcathinone 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17490: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17470: 17467: 17465: 17462: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17447: 17445: 17442: 17441: 17439: 17437: 17433: 17427: 17424: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17408: 17406: 17404: 17400: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17388:Tenocyclidine 17386: 17384: 17383:Rolicyclidine 17381: 17379: 17378:Phencyclidine 17376: 17374: 17373:Phencyclamine 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17343:Benocyclidine 17341: 17340: 17338: 17336: 17332: 17326: 17323: 17321: 17318: 17316: 17313: 17311: 17308: 17306: 17303: 17301: 17298: 17296: 17293: 17291: 17288: 17286: 17283: 17281: 17278: 17276: 17273: 17271: 17268: 17266: 17263: 17261: 17258: 17257: 17255: 17253: 17249: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17217:Isometheptene 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17194: 17192: 17190: 17186: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17139:Aminophylline 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17121: 17119: 17117: 17113: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17083: 17081: 17079: 17075: 17071: 17064: 17059: 17057: 17052: 17050: 17045: 17044: 17041: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 17000: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16987: 16985: 16981:Countries by 16979: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16922:Drug checking 16920: 16919: 16917: 16913: 16904: 16903: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16891:Neurotoxicity 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16870: 16867: 16866: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16836: 16834: 16828: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16805:Cannabis shop 16803: 16801: 16798: 16797: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16778:United States 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16641: 16639: 16636: 16634: 16633:Latin America 16631: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16621: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16514: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16489: 16486: 16484: 16481: 16479: 16476: 16474: 16471: 16469: 16466: 16465: 16464: 16461: 16460: 16458: 16454: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16429: 16427: 16421: 16418: 16410: 16406: 16399: 16395: 16381: 16378: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16368:Plan Colombia 16366: 16364: 16361: 16360: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16328:Designer drug 16326: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16305: 16303: 16299: 16293: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16280: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16254: 16252: 16250:Drug legality 16248: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16201: 16200: 16199:United States 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16141: 16139: 16133: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16113: 16112:Latin America 16110: 16109: 16108: 16105: 16103: 16100: 16098: 16095: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16084: 16083: 16082:Policy reform 16080: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16052: 16051: 16048: 16047: 16045: 16041: 16033: 16030: 16028: 16025: 16023: 16020: 16019: 16017: 16013: 16010: 16008: 16005: 16003: 16000: 15999: 15998: 15995: 15994: 15992: 15990:International 15988: 15984: 15977: 15973: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15948:Sex and drugs 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15928:Poly drug use 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15870: 15868: 15864: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15837:Cloud-chasing 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15824: 15822: 15820: 15816: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15764:Psychonautics 15762: 15761: 15759: 15757: 15753: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15691:Drinking song 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15681:Diethyl ether 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15671:Beer festival 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15658: 15656: 15654: 15650: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15625: 15623: 15621: 15617: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15517: 15515: 15513: 15509: 15505: 15501: 15496: 15492: 15478: 15475: 15472: 15468: 15467:Nitrous oxide 15465: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15452: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15437: 15435: 15433: 15429: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15410: 15408: 15406: 15402: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15375: 15374: 15371: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15353: 15352: 15349: 15348: 15346: 15344: 15340: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15303: 15302: 15298: 15295: 15294: 15292: 15290: 15286: 15278: 15275: 15274: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15261: 15258: 15257: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15226: 15223: 15219: 15218:Nitrous oxide 15216: 15215: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15203: 15199: 15196: 15195: 15193: 15191: 15190:Dissociatives 15187: 15179: 15176: 15175: 15174: 15170: 15167: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15149: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15131: 15128: 15127: 15126: 15123: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15105: 15104: 15101: 15100: 15098: 15096: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15086:Hallucinogens 15083: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15066: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15047: 15046: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15036: 15034: 15032: 15028: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15011: 15010: 15007: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14989: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14951: 14948: 14947: 14946: 14943: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14930: 14929: 14926: 14922: 14919: 14918: 14917: 14914: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14904:Energy drinks 14902: 14900: 14897: 14896: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14883: 14880: 14879: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14869: 14867: 14865: 14861: 14855: 14852: 14848: 14845: 14844: 14843: 14840: 14836: 14833: 14832: 14831: 14828: 14824: 14821: 14820: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14806: 14805: 14804: 14803:Hydromorphone 14801: 14799: 14796: 14791: 14790: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14776: 14773: 14772: 14771: 14768: 14763: 14762: 14761: 14758: 14754: 14751: 14750: 14749: 14746: 14741: 14738: 14737: 14736: 14735:Buprenorphine 14733: 14732: 14730: 14728: 14724: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14699: 14696: 14695: 14693: 14689: 14688:Paint thinner 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14670: 14669: 14665: 14660: 14656: 14655:Nitrous oxide 14653: 14652: 14650: 14649: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14617: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14597: 14595: 14593: 14589: 14585: 14578: 14574: 14570: 14563: 14558: 14556: 14551: 14549: 14544: 14543: 14540: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14517:United States 14515: 14514: 14512: 14508: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14483: 14481: 14477: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14438:Faces of Meth 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14428: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14418: 14416: 14412: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14391: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14337: 14335: 14331: 14324: 14320: 14317: 14314: 14307: 14304: 14297: 14294: 14287: 14284: 14281: 14278: 14275: 14272: 14269: 14268: 14266: 14262: 14259: 14255: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14240: 14238: 14234: 14230: 14223: 14218: 14216: 14211: 14209: 14204: 14203: 14200: 14188: 14180: 14179: 14176: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14149:Phenylacetone 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14103: 14100: 14099: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14091: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14026: 14024: 14020: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13994: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13936: 13929: 13925: 13921: 13917: 13913: 13909: 13905: 13901: 13898: 13895: 13892: 13888: 13885: 13882: 13878: 13875: 13869: 13863: 13860: 13857: 13853: 13850: 13849: 13847: 13845: 13841: 13838: 13834: 13824: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13812: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13792: 13790: 13788: 13784: 13778: 13776: 13772: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13753: 13749: 13748: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13718: 13716: 13714: 13710: 13707: 13699: 13695: 13688: 13683: 13681: 13676: 13674: 13669: 13668: 13665: 13659: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13646: 13627: 13623: 13619: 13614: 13610: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13592: 13588: 13584: 13580: 13576: 13571: 13567: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13549: 13545: 13541: 13537: 13533: 13529: 13525: 13520: 13519: 13494: 13490: 13486: 13479: 13472: 13464: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13446: 13442: 13438: 13434: 13430: 13419: 13411: 13407: 13403: 13399: 13395: 13391: 13383: 13375: 13371: 13367: 13363: 13359: 13355: 13351: 13347: 13343: 13339: 13332: 13324: 13320: 13316: 13312: 13308: 13304: 13297: 13289: 13285: 13281: 13277: 13273: 13269: 13262: 13243: 13239: 13232: 13226: 13224: 13204: 13200: 13194: 13187: 13186: 13178: 13162: 13158: 13154: 13148: 13146: 13129: 13125: 13124: 13123:New York Post 13119: 13113: 13105: 13101: 13100:The Telegraph 13096: 13088: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13058: 13042: 13035: 13029: 13013: 13009: 13003: 12987: 12983: 12977: 12961: 12957: 12953: 12947: 12939: 12933: 12929: 12922: 12920: 12903: 12899: 12893: 12889: 12888: 12880: 12878: 12869: 12865: 12861: 12857: 12853: 12849: 12842: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12811: 12803: 12797: 12793: 12786: 12771: 12767: 12766: 12759: 12743: 12739: 12733: 12725: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12697: 12693: 12689: 12682: 12666: 12662: 12658: 12652: 12650: 12641: 12635: 12631: 12624: 12608: 12604: 12600: 12594: 12586: 12582: 12580: 12575: 12569: 12561: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12535: 12531: 12527: 12520: 12518: 12516: 12514: 12512: 12503: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12484: 12476: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12458: 12454: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12435: 12427: 12423: 12419: 12415: 12411: 12407: 12404:(6): 1002–9. 12403: 12399: 12392: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12365:Nakayama MT. 12361: 12353: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12323: 12319: 12315: 12311: 12304: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12284: 12280: 12276: 12269: 12261: 12255: 12251: 12244: 12236: 12232: 12228: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12212: 12208: 12201: 12193: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12160: 12158: 12149: 12145: 12141: 12137: 12133: 12129: 12122: 12114: 12110: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12079: 12071: 12067: 12063: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12044: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12024: 12020: 12016: 12009: 12001: 11997: 11993: 11989: 11985: 11981: 11977: 11973: 11966: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11936: 11932: 11928: 11924: 11920: 11912: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11871: 11855: 11851: 11847: 11846:"Amphetamine" 11841: 11825: 11821: 11817: 11811: 11795: 11791: 11787: 11781: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11751: 11735: 11731: 11727: 11721: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11691: 11684: 11679: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11661: 11657: 11653: 11649: 11645: 11638: 11631: 11616: 11612: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11589:J. Biol. Chem 11583: 11576: 11569: 11567: 11563: 11548: 11544: 11538: 11534: 11530: 11523: 11515: 11511: 11507: 11503: 11499: 11495: 11488: 11486: 11478: 11473: 11469: 11465: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11438: 11431: 11415: 11411: 11407: 11401: 11399: 11397: 11395: 11393: 11391: 11389: 11387: 11385: 11383: 11381: 11372: 11368: 11364: 11360: 11356: 11352: 11348: 11344: 11337: 11335: 11326: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11308: 11304: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11285: 11283: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11262: 11255: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11235: 11228: 11220: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11171: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11141: 11139: 11130: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11094: 11090: 11086: 11079: 11072: 11059: 11055: 11051: 11044: 11037: 11032: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10989: 10982: 10977: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10936: 10929: 10924: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10883: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10848: 10840: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10799: 10791: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10763: 10759: 10755: 10751: 10747: 10740: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10697: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10663: 10656: 10654: 10652: 10635: 10631: 10627: 10621: 10619: 10602: 10598: 10594: 10587: 10579: 10575: 10571: 10567: 10563: 10559: 10552: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10524: 10517: 10515: 10513: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10474: 10470: 10463: 10455: 10451: 10447: 10443: 10439: 10435: 10431: 10427: 10420: 10412: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10371: 10363: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10327: 10320: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10286: 10282: 10275: 10267: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10237: 10233: 10226: 10218: 10212: 10208: 10204: 10203: 10195: 10188: 10179: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10149: 10145: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10126: 10122: 10120:9780071827706 10116: 10112: 10105: 10086: 10082: 10078: 10074: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10047: 10040: 10024: 10020: 10016: 10009: 10001: 9995: 9991: 9984: 9976: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9935: 9927: 9923: 9922: 9917: 9910: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9869: 9864: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9838: 9834: 9830: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9817: 9808: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9775: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9744: 9736: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9718: 9714: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9695: 9687: 9683: 9679: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9652: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9593: 9585: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9552:PLOS Medicine 9549: 9542: 9540: 9531: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9490: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9447: 9439: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9406: 9398: 9394: 9390: 9386: 9383:(5): 265–72. 9382: 9378: 9371: 9363: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9322: 9314: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9273: 9265: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9240:(7): 574–80. 9239: 9235: 9231: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9211: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9186:(5): 548–56. 9185: 9181: 9177: 9170: 9162: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9121: 9114: 9109: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9075: 9068: 9066: 9058: 9053: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9012: 9010: 9001: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8960: 8958: 8949: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8898: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8867: 8860: 8855: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8720: 8714: 8710: 8703: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8662: 8658: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8637: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8586: 8579: 8572: 8564: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8523: 8516: 8507: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8466: 8464: 8462: 8455: 8450: 8438: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8384: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8339: 8332: 8320: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8297: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8256: 8250: 8245: 8232: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8179: 8171: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8141: 8137: 8130: 8123: 8118: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8070: 8068:9780071481274 8064: 8060: 8053: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7967: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7914: 7909: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7875: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7852: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7815:Arch. Toxicol 7809: 7802: 7794: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7735: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7694: 7689: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7671: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7646: 7639: 7634: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7616: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7591: 7589: 7572: 7568: 7561: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7526: 7518: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7477: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7446: 7444: 7424: 7417: 7411: 7409: 7392: 7388: 7381: 7379: 7370: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7329: 7327: 7310: 7306: 7300: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7238: 7236: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7204: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7158: 7154: 7153:DrugRehab.com 7150: 7143: 7141: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7106: 7104: 7087: 7083: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7002: 6994: 6988: 6984: 6977: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6892: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6851: 6843: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6810: 6802: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6761: 6759: 6751: 6739: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6675: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6597: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6560: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6496: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6450: 6448: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6364:Marantal RD. 6360: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6275: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6245: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6208: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6187:Drug profiles 6184: 6178: 6176: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6105: 6103: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6048: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6007: 6005: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5905: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5808: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5447: 5435: 5433: 5426: 5422: 5406: 5399: 5393: 5386: 5380: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5347: 5341: 5331: 5325: 5313: 5312:mirror images 5307: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5246: 5242: 5233: 5224: 5220: 5211: 5201: 5197: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5132:Faces of Meth 5130: 5128: 5127:Drug checking 5125: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5094: 5092: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5073: 5072:jurisdictions 5067: 5057: 5055: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4968: 4962: 4957: 4955: 4951: 4950:Herman-Göring 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4886:who named it 4885: 4877: 4876:drug overdose 4872: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4840: 4833: 4823: 4816: 4802: 4800: 4794: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4772: 4770: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4755:phenylacetone 4752: 4747: 4737: 4735: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4667:diethyl ether 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4628: 4617: 4603: 4601: 4596: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4564: 4563:Lactobacillus 4559: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4513:Hippuric acid 4507: 4500: 4499:Phenylacetone 4493: 4486: 4472: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4453: 4439: 4435: 4434:phenylacetone 4431: 4427: 4426:hippuric acid 4423: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4346:lipophilicity 4343: 4342:intravenously 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4300:has stronger 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4247:transporter. 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4150:catecholamine 4147: 4143: 4139: 4126: 4122: 4117: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4027:Beta blockers 4024: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4012:nitroprusside 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3955:antipsychotic 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3880:hyperpy rexia 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3818:, confusion, 3817: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3799:externalizing 3795: 3790: 3788: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3723: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3666: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3638: 3633: 3629: 3627: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3522: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3301: 3297:expression in 3296: 3292: 3289: 3286:Environmental 3282: 3275: 3262: 3254: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3194:sleeplessness 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2970: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2928:, and dorsal 2927: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2902:initial use. 2894: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2869:viral vectors 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2843:phencyclidine 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2815: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2746: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2682: 2675: 2668: 2657: 2656: 2646: 2645: 2635: 2626: 2619: 2612: 2605: 2598: 2591: 2584: 2583: 2575: 2574: 2566: 2559: 2549: 2539: 2532: 2525: 2518: 2511: 2504: 2497: 2490: 2479: 2472: 2465: 2458: 2449: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2381: 2379: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2346:sensitization 2343: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2238: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2213: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2192:and generate 2191: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2152:limbic cortex 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2075:and dopamine 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1969:concentration 1966: 1962: 1959:, changes in 1958: 1954: 1947:Psychological 1944: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1871: 1869: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1801:), headache, 1800: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1756: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675:heart disease 1672: 1668: 1649: 1637: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1589: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1554:boxed warning 1551: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1498: 1484: 1481: 1475: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1285:hydrochloride 1282: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1222: 1211: 1204: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1179: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1149:Boiling point 1146: 1142: 1140: 1139:Melting point 1136: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1102: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1045:ECHA InfoCard 1041: 1033: 1029: 1028:DTXSID8037128 1025: 1024: 1022: 1013: 1009: 1001: 1000:RCSB PDB 995: 990: 989: 987: 985: 981: 974: 973:ChEMBL1201201 970: 969: 967: 965: 961: 954: 950: 949: 947: 945: 941: 934: 930: 929: 927: 925: 921: 914: 909: 906: 902: 901: 899: 897: 893: 886: 882: 881: 879: 877: 873: 866: 862: 861: 859: 857: 853: 846: 842: 841: 839: 837: 833: 826: 822: 821: 819: 812: 808: 801: 796: 793: 789: 788: 786: 784: 780: 772: 768: 763: 762: 759: 752: 747: 744: 740: 738: 734: 726: 724: 720: 708: 706: 699: 691: 682: 673: 664: 661: 659: 655: 652: 647: 642: 638: 636: 632: 629: 625: 622: 620: 616: 613:Varies widely 612: 610: 606: 602: 597: 592: 587: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 563: 561: 551: 549: 539: 537: 527: 525: 516: 513: 504: 502: 493: 490: 480: 477: 467: 466: 464: 462: 458: 453: 445: 440: 437: 436: 434: 432: 428: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 404:intramuscular 401: 397: 394: 392: 386: 382: 380: 374: 370: 369:Psychological 366: 363: 361: 355: 351: 347: 345: 341: 337: 332: 328: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 304: 300: 296: 295: 280: 232: 231: 216: 168: 167: 152: 105: 103:Pronunciation 101: 98:Clinical data 96: 88: 84: 81: 77: 76: 72: 68: 63: 60:Metamfetamine 49: 45: 43: 35: 30: 19: 26936:Aphrodisiacs 26875:Solriamfetol 26790:Famprofazone 26696: 26688: 26674:-Octopamine) 26671: 26668:Norfenefrine 26623:Metanephrine 26615: 26571:Isoprenaline 26527:(Dextrodopa) 26512:Adrenochrome 26470:Pyrovalerone 26376: 26355: 26314:Entactogens: 26313: 26263:Entactogens: 26262: 26209:Ethcathinone 26125: 26104: 26093:Entactogens: 26092: 26055: 26048:Phentermines 26011: 25860:Entactogens: 25859: 25856:Zylofuramine 25712: 25634:Fenfluramine 25629:Fenethylline 25579:Amphetaminil 25560:Amfepentorex 25521: 25379: 25372:Amphetamines 25353: 25337:Entactogens: 25336: 25322: 25314: 25306: 25298: 25262: 25260: 25236:Metaescaline 24838: 24743: 24742: 24674: 24630:Fenfluramine 24612: 24548:Serotonergic 24442: 24426: 24372:DOPA quinone 24320: 24301:Dopaminergic 24248: 24247: 24202:Promethazine 24187:Perphenazine 24167:Fluphenazine 24142:Clocapramine 24117:Carvotroline 24093: 24083: 24019:Antagonists: 24018: 23978: 23854: 23805:Antagonists: 23804: 23767: 23706: 23578:Clomipramine 23514: 23499: 23492: 23471:Progesterone 23358:Antagonists: 23357: 23321:Pregnenolone 23265: 23208:Escitalopram 23128:Cloperastine 23103:Blarcamesine 23059: 22992: 22991: 22987: 22971: 22911: 22907: 22796:Solriamfetol 22768: 22747: 22713:Isoprenaline 22688:Halostachine 22675: 22671: 22635: 22627: 22599: 22591: 22583: 22575: 22560:Trace amines 22420: 22419: 22403:Guanethidine 22379: 22369: 22357: 22354: 22330:Indeloxazine 22326: 22274:4-Methyl-αMT 22269:4-Methyl-αET 22266:Tryptamines: 22265: 22185:Piperazines: 22184: 22017:Fenfluramine 21917:6-Methyl-MDA 21907:5-Methyl-MDA 21872:2-Methyl-MDA 21868: 21837: 21806: 21760: 21675:Feprosidnine 21655:Clofenciclan 21621: 21571:Piperazines: 21570: 21558:Zylofuramine 21507: 21469: 21461: 21413: 21303:Fenethylline 21298:Famprofazone 21283:Ethcathinone 21203:Amphetaminil 21176:Amfepentorex 21132: 21081: 21044:Fenmetramide 21039:Fenbutrazate 21036:Morpholines: 21035: 20943:Feprosidnine 20923:Clofenciclan 20884: 20844:Piperazines: 20843: 20831:Zylofuramine 20773: 20765: 20757: 20669: 20605:Fenethylline 20600:Famprofazone 20580:Ethcathinone 20500:Amphetaminil 20475:Amfepentorex 20431: 20380: 20343:Fenmetramide 20338:Fenbutrazate 20335:Morpholines: 20334: 19970: 19802:Oxaprotiline 19752:Medifoxamine 19672:Fenpentadiol 19652:Dimethocaine 19647:Diclofensine 19627:Cropropamide 19622:Clofenciclan 19577:Amiphenazole 19531:7-Methyl-αET 19526:6-Fluoro-αMT 19506:5-Fluoro-αMT 19501:5-Chloro-αMT 19496:4-Methyl-αMT 19491:4-Methyl-αET 19333:Difluoropine 19318:Cocaethylene 19303:Brasofensine 19242:Pyrovalerone 19094:Pyrrolidines 18813:Fenmetramide 18808:Fenbutrazate 18785:Zylofuramine 18745:Solriamfetol 18577:Norfenefrine 18501: 18497: 18483:Metanephrine 18409:(Selegiline) 18399:Isoprenaline 18329:Feprosidnine 18310:Fenfluramine 18305:Fenethylline 18290:Famprofazone 18163:Cinnamedrine 18093:Amphetaminil 18044:Amfepentorex 17722:Sazetidine A 17687:Ispronicline 17652:Bradanicline 17604:Cholinergics 17519:Ethcathinone 17403:Benzazepines 17358:Eticyclidine 17179:Theophylline 17164:Paraxanthine 17008:Lifetime use 16810:Liquor store 16728:South Africa 16358:War on drugs 16184:Soviet Union 16060:Legalization 15898:Drug tourism 15746:Wine tasting 15666:Beer culture 15628:Coffee break 15565:Cannabis tea 15500:Drug culture 15343:Cannabinoids 15272:Salvinorin A 15238:amyl nitrite 15095:Psychedelics 14966: 14847:/paracetamol 14760:Desomorphine 14600:Barbiturates 14486:Legal status 14452: 14425: 14313:adrenoceptor 14303:adrenoceptor 14293:adrenoceptor 14242: 14228: 14089: 14078: 14013:Norephedrine 13940:transporters 13856:full agonist 13822: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13762: 13757: 13750: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13725: 13720: 13632:22 September 13630:. 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Retrieved 10861: 10847: 10812: 10808: 10798: 10753: 10749: 10739: 10727:. Retrieved 10718: 10669: 10666:J. Neurochem 10665: 10638:. Retrieved 10629: 10605:. Retrieved 10596: 10586: 10561: 10557: 10551: 10526: 10522: 10499:. Retrieved 10472: 10462: 10429: 10425: 10419: 10387:(1): 75–80. 10384: 10380: 10370: 10333: 10329: 10319: 10284: 10274: 10239: 10235: 10225: 10201: 10194: 10181: 10151: 10147: 10124: 10110: 10104: 10092:. Retrieved 10056: 10053:Med. J. Aust 10052: 10039: 10027:. Retrieved 10018: 10008: 9989: 9983: 9948: 9944: 9934: 9926:the original 9919: 9909: 9892: 9888: 9866: 9836: 9832: 9788: 9784: 9774: 9764:26 September 9762:. Retrieved 9753: 9748:O'Connor P. 9743: 9708: 9704: 9694: 9661: 9657: 9636: 9606: 9602: 9592: 9555: 9551: 9503: 9499: 9489: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9419: 9415: 9405: 9380: 9376: 9370: 9338:(1): 47–56. 9335: 9331: 9321: 9286: 9282: 9272: 9237: 9233: 9183: 9179: 9169: 9134: 9130: 9120: 9111: 9081: 9077: 9055: 9028:(1): 38–55. 9025: 9021: 8973: 8969: 8911: 8907: 8897: 8885:. Retrieved 8877:KEGG Pathway 8876: 8866: 8857: 8827: 8823: 8770: 8742: 8738: 8708: 8702: 8694: 8664: 8660: 8624:the original 8595: 8591: 8578: 8566: 8536: 8532: 8522: 8509: 8479: 8475: 8440: 8410: 8406: 8352: 8348: 8338: 8329: 8322:. Retrieved 8319:KEGG Pathway 8318: 8308: 8299: 8272:(1): 93–96. 8269: 8265: 8255: 8234: 8204: 8200: 8173: 8143: 8139: 8129: 8120: 8098: 8094: 8058: 8052: 8027: 8023: 7977: 7973: 7966: 7958: 7928: 7924: 7911: 7881: 7877: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7796: 7769:(1): 54–57. 7766: 7762: 7707: 7703: 7691: 7651: 7645: 7636: 7596: 7575:. Retrieved 7560: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7490: 7486: 7476: 7464:. 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Retrieved 5468:the original 5463: 5459: 5450: 5425: 5405: 5397: 5392: 5379: 5363: 5339: 5323: 5311: 5306: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5283:crystal meth 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5245: 5200: 5120:Breaking Bad 5118: 5095: 5088: 5069: 5060:Legal status 5052: 5021: 5006: 4988: 4971: 4964: 4959: 4953: 4945: 4930:armed forces 4921: 4919: 4887: 4881: 4864:World War II 4792: 4768: 4749: 4730: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4707:= 7.10 4704: 4683: 4640: 4592: 4573: 4569:Enterococcus 4567: 4561: 4527:Norephedrine 4506:Benzoic acid 4454: 4430:norephedrine 4422:benzoic acid 4378: 4340:), and 100% 4330:intranasally 4319: 4284:(MAO-A) and 4249: 4233:transporters 4214: 4208:, a type of 4138:full agonist 4135: 4121:dopaminergic 4111:Pharmacology 4105:gastric acid 4053: 4050:Interactions 4043:beta-blocker 4020: 4008:phentolamine 3998:(e.g., with 3988:hemodialysis 3977: 3968: 3931: 3912:serotonergic 3908:dopaminergic 3904:brain damage 3832:muscle aches 3812: 3791: 3784: 3622:No change or 3206: 3166:drug craving 3154: 3152:withdrawal. 3139: 3086:aripiprazole 3067: 3032: 2994: 2983: 2978: 2967: 2961: 2946:methylations 2915: 2904: 2900: 2855: 2823:cannabinoids 2775: 2745:corepressors 2651: 2640: 2581: 2572: 2464:Nuclear pore 2456: 2360: 2352: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2318: 2302: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2274: 2263: 2247: 2223:hyperthermia 2202: 2183: 2164: 2136:white matter 2124:neuroplastic 2118: 2109:serotonergic 2082: 1950: 1938: 1925:HIV-positive 1922: 1909:oral hygiene 1894: 1849:, dry skin, 1805:(usually as 1797: 1781:flushed skin 1766: 1695:hypertension 1693:, or severe 1677:, or severe 1664: 1606: 1595: 1582:Recreational 1571: 1567: 1566: 1558:recreational 1543: 1505: 1503: 1442: 1434:serotonergic 1427:dopaminergic 1344:elevate mood 1341: 1309: 1273: 1242:recreational 1226: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1207: 770: 766: 702:Elimination 669:hours (peak) 461:Legal status 455:Legal status 416:insufflation 408:subcutaneous 326: 316: 48: 41: 29: 26956:Euphoriants 26895:Venlafaxine 26860:Pronethalol 26830:Methoxamine 26760:Dizocilpine 26755:Diphenidine 26730:Amidephrine 26691:-Octopamine 26628:Metaraminol 26595:(Droxidopa) 26541:Epinephrine 26531:Dimetofrine 26377:Stimulants: 26356:Stimulants: 26184:Brephedrone 26174:Amfepramone 26126:Stimulants: 26108:Cericlamine 26089:Phentermine 26069:Clortermine 26056:Stimulants: 25836:Sibutramine 25821:Prenylamine 25756:Oxifentorex 25708:Metaraminol 25648:Fenproporex 25619:Fencamfamin 25599:Clobenzorex 25565:Amphetamine 25522:Stimulants: 25263:Stimulants: 25221:Macromerine 24751:Adrenergics 24635:Haloperidol 24402:Haloperidol 24352:Amphetamine 24237:Venlafaxine 24217:Remoxipride 24207:Propranolol 24132:Cinnarizine 24032:Lamotrigine 23928:Pentazocine 23923:Noribogaine 23913:Nemonapride 23745:Haloperidol 23671:Spipethiane 23636:Noribogaine 23631:Nemonapride 23626:KCR-12-83.1 23466:Pentazocine 23426:Haloperidol 23331:Pridopidine 23306:Pentazocine 23223:Fluvoxamine 23143:Cyclazocine 22823:RTI-7470-44 22763:Phentermine 22656:Amphetamine 22602:-Octopamine 22594:-Octopamine 22432:Adrenergics 22398:Guanazodine 22383:Bethanidine 22228:Mepiprazole 22022:Flephedrone 21962:Amfepramone 21942:Brephedrone 21838:Oxazolines: 21670:Cyprodenate 21515:Prenylamine 21497:Phentermine 21313:Flephedrone 21308:Fenproporex 21253:Clortermine 21248:Clobenzorex 21186:Amphetamine 21181:Amfepramone 21120:Thozalinone 21100:Cyclazodone 21082:Oxazolines: 20938:Cyprodenate 20801:Prenylamine 20615:Flephedrone 20610:Fenproporex 20550:Clortermine 20545:Clobenzorex 20485:Amphetamine 20480:Amfepramone 20419:Thozalinone 20399:Cyclazodone 20381:Oxazolines: 20128:Venlafaxine 20113:Moclobemide 20108:Milnacipran 20093:Desipramine 20019:Atomoxetine 20014:Armodafinil 19949:Amphetamine 19852:Thiothinone 19837:Tametraline 19822:Rauwolscine 19792:Nomifensine 19787:Nikethamide 19732:Lomevactone 19717:JNJ-7925476 19712:Indatraline 19687:GSK1360707F 19642:Desipramine 19632:Crotetamide 19617:Ciclazindol 19597:Benzydamine 19587:Atomoxetine 19582:Atipamezole 19478:Tryptamines 19448:Tesofensine 19014:Difemetorex 18966:Piperidines 18878:Piperazines 18740:Sibutramine 18710:Prenylamine 18660:Phentermine 18615:Oxifentorex 18512:Methoxamine 18488:Metaraminol 18324:Fenproporex 18295:Fencamfamin 18260:Epinephrine 18183:Clortermine 18173:Clobenzorex 18168:Clenbuterol 18143:Camfetamine 18079:Amphetamine 18049:Amidephrine 17921:Thozalinone 17901:Cyclazodone 17848:Armodafinil 17810:Pentetrazol 17790:Bicuculline 17777:Convulsants 17767:WAY-317,538 17762:Varenicline 17752:Tebanicline 17732:SSR-180,711 17717:Rivanicline 17712:Pozanicline 17707:PNU-282,987 17702:PNU-120,596 17697:PHA-543,613 17677:Epiboxidine 17672:Epibatidine 17637:Altinicline 17529:Flephedrone 17484:Amfepramone 17363:Gacyclidine 17207:Cyprodenate 17189:Alkylamines 17174:Theobromine 17106:Rimantadine 17078:Adamantanes 17015:Opiates use 16995:Cocaine use 16830:Issues with 16748:Switzerland 16733:South Korea 16703:Puerto Rico 16688:Philippines 16558:El Salvador 16468:Afghanistan 16204:Just Say No 16194:Switzerland 16169:Netherlands 16135:Drug policy 16065:Prohibition 16050:Drug policy 16043:State level 15888:Dance party 15799:Microdosing 15756:Psychedelia 15711:Oktoberfest 15633:Coffeehouse 15610:Stoner film 15301:Scopolamine 15031:Entactogens 15009:Theobromine 14872:Amphetamine 14798:Hydrocodone 14788:Diamorphine 14592:Depressants 14421:Amphetamine 14236:Enantiomers 14169:Trace amine 14144:Phentermine 13713:Amphetamine 13694:Amphetamine 13251:19 November 13212:11 November 12992:15 December 12398:Chemosphere 11830:4 September 11800:4 September 11770:4 September 11450:: 233–244. 11295:J. Neurosci 10501:26 December 9234:Epigenetics 9078:J. Neurosci 8598:: 565–598. 7931:: 345–352. 7884:: 499–507. 7710:: 165–197. 7577:26 December 7315:15 December 6586:4 September 6522:27 November 6436:30 December 6201:27 November 5993:30 December 5841:: 231–236. 5275:shabu-shabu 5210:Ion channel 5054:Liu Zhaohua 5040:Tse Chi Lop 5003:Trafficking 4993:trademarked 4944:-Tablets" ( 4938:wakefulness 4934:Third Reich 4903:Akira Ogata 4780:methylamine 4727:Degradation 4698:space group 4687:crystalline 4673:as well as 4575:Clostridium 4520:Amphetamine 4194:firing rate 4164:(NET), and 4144:(TAAR1), a 4076:depressants 4023:haloperidol 3805:disorders. 3674:No change: 3519:Sensitized 3221:breast milk 3209:bloodstream 3126:atomoxetine 3114:ondansetron 3106:varenicline 3078:mirtazapine 3051:monotherapy 2986:acetylation 2934:hippocampus 2702:amphetamine 2328:reinforcing 2179:myoinositol 2144:gray matter 2132:hypertrophy 2073:glial cells 2047:(RNS), and 1985:grandiosity 1977:wakefulness 1713:, elevated 1625:hypersomnia 1621:ejaculation 1604:qualities. 1602:aphrodisiac 1564:liability. 1560:misuse and 1438:grey matter 1364:mood swings 1313:schedule II 1289:aphrodisiac 1266:enantiomers 1099: g·mol 1051:100.007.882 749:Identifiers 690:Intravenous 641:Amphetamine 635:Metabolites 601:Intravenous 548:Schedule II 400:intravenous 371:: Very High 312:Other names 303:Trade names 44:(structure) 26991:Stimulants 26926:Anorectics 26910:Categories 26865:Salbutamol 26800:Hexapradol 26780:Etafedrine 26775:Ephenidine 26770:Dopexamine 26765:Dobutamine 26745:Denopamine 26735:Arbutamine 26709:Synephrine 26643:Methyldopa 26638:Metirosine 26586:(Levodopa) 26576:Isoetarine 26561:Fenclonine 26551:Etilefrine 26465:Prolintane 26296:Mephedrone 26259:Radafaxine 26249:Pentedrone 26229:Methedrone 26189:Buphedrone 26179:Benzedrone 26118:Cathinones 26030:Selegiline 26020:Amiflamine 25816:Pholedrine 25766:Ortetamine 25761:Oxilofrine 25693:Lefetamine 25683:Iofetamine 25668:Furfenorex 25663:Formetorex 25653:Flucetorex 25584:Benfluorex 25555:Amfecloral 25550:Alfetamine 25423:D-Deprenyl 25340:Lophophine 25251:Psi-2C-T-4 25246:Proscaline 25216:Jimscaline 24571:2,4,5-THMA 24470:Salsolinol 24342:disulfiram 24314:2,4,5-THMA 24222:SL 82.0715 24137:Cinuperone 24112:Caramiphen 24107:Butaclamol 24007:Tapentadol 23938:Safinamide 23918:Nepinalone 23883:Clemastine 23878:5-MeO-DiPT 23873:5-MeO-DALT 23750:Ifenprodil 23715:Arketamine 23666:Selegiline 23661:Safinamide 23621:Imipramine 23583:Clorgiline 23573:Clemastine 23563:Azidopamil 23553:5-MeO-DiPT 23548:5-MeO-DALT 23481:Sertraline 23281:Nepinalone 23228:Ifenprodil 23218:Fluoxetine 23183:Dimemorfan 23152:prasterone 23113:Citalopram 23108:Captodiame 23088:Arketamine 23083:Amantadine 23041:modulators 22791:Selegiline 22693:Higenamine 22683:Guanfacine 22622:Tryptamine 22617:Synephrine 22526:Classical 22519:Endogenous 22373:SoRI-20041 22366:SoRI-20040 22314:Tryptamine 22097:Methedrone 22092:Mephedrone 22047:Lophophine 22037:Iofetamine 22027:Flucetorex 21927:Amiflamine 21856:Fluminorex 21851:Clominorex 21685:Heptaminol 21680:Gilutensin 21665:Cypenamine 21530:Selegiline 21487:Pholedrine 21456:Ortetamine 21436:Methedrone 21404:Mephedrone 21354:Lophophine 21323:Furfenorex 21228:Buphedrone 21171:Amfecloral 21166:Alfetamine 21110:Fluminorex 21105:Fenozolone 21095:Clominorex 20953:Heptaminol 20948:Gilutensin 20933:Cypenamine 20918:Amineptine 20791:Pholedrine 20781:Pholedrine 20752:Ortetamine 20692:Methedrone 20660:Mephedrone 20650:Lophophine 20625:Furfenorex 20555:D-Deprenyl 20525:Buphedrone 20470:Amfecloral 20465:Alfetamine 20409:Fluminorex 20404:Fenozolone 20394:Clominorex 20144:Amantadine 20123:Reboxetine 20103:Imipramine 20098:Duloxetine 20060:Guanfacine 20029:Viloxazine 20006:stimulants 19941:stimulants 19832:Setazindol 19817:Rasagiline 19807:PNU-99,194 19757:Mefexamide 19727:Leptacline 19722:Lazabemide 19692:GYKI-52895 19682:Gilutensin 19607:BTS 74,398 19572:Amineptine 19521:5-MeO-DIPT 19353:Norcocaine 19343:FP-β-CPPIT 19338:FE-β-CPPIT 19260:Oxiracetam 19237:Prolintane 18956:Vanoxerine 18868:Radafaxine 18843:PD-128,907 18838:Oxaflozane 18823:Manifaxine 18750:Synephrine 18730:Salbutamol 18725:Ropinirole 18680:Pholedrine 18620:Oxilofrine 18610:Ortetamine 18600:Octopamine 18567:Nisoxetine 18423:Lophophine 18413:Lefetamine 18394:Isoetarine 18389:Iofetamine 18354:Hexapradol 18344:Furfenorex 18339:Formetorex 18285:Etilefrine 18270:Etafedrine 18240:Dopexamine 18225:Dextrodopa 18216:Dobutamine 18201:Denopamine 18188:Cypenamine 18158:Cilobamine 18113:Benfluorex 18098:Arbutamine 18039:Amfecloral 18029:Alfetamine 17911:Fluminorex 17906:Fenozolone 17896:Clominorex 17878:Oxazolines 17858:CRL-40,941 17853:CRL-40,940 17820:Strychnine 17815:Picrotoxin 17785:Anatoxin-a 17667:Dianicline 17584:Pentedrone 17554:Methedrone 17544:Mephedrone 17494:Buphedrone 17489:Benzedrone 17436:Cathinones 17393:Tiletamine 17353:Esketamine 17295:LY-503,430 17290:LY-404,187 17212:Heptaminol 17202:Cypenamine 17154:Dimethazan 17096:Bromantane 17091:Amantadine 17086:Adapromine 17070:Stimulants 17003:Annual use 16854:Dependence 16718:Seychelles 16623:Kyrgyzstan 16538:Costa Rica 16483:Bangladesh 16456:Drug trade 16425:production 16414:production 16333:Drug court 16219:California 16137:by country 16070:Regulation 15804:Smart shop 15789:Literature 15784:Experience 15731:Sports bar 15696:Happy hour 15661:Bartending 15432:Club drugs 15405:Oneirogens 15289:Deliriants 15169:Psilocybin 14992:Polacrilex 14962:Mephedrone 14864:Stimulants 14666:Hazardous 14610:Carbamates 14405:Meth mouth 14109:Narcolepsy 14064:Formetorex 13938:Inhibited 12966:4 November 12908:23 October 12748:15 January 12671:29 January 12530:Anal. Chem 12381:17 October 12015:Prim. Care 11860:12 October 11624:6 November 10872:8 December 9945:Pediatrics 8887:31 October 8324:31 October 7693:disorders) 7432:15 January 7397:15 January 6956:B00EHAOBAO 6919:18 October 6284:Detik News 6264:16 January 5442:References 5385:expression 5219:G proteins 5013:Shan State 4983:under the 4911:phosphorus 4799:hydrolyzed 4734:wastewater 4723:= 97.29°. 4691:monoclinic 4679:chloroform 4334:inhalation 4306:stereotypy 4302:peripheral 4202:astrocytes 4176:(PKA) and 4084:stimulants 4082:and other 4031:metoprolol 3900:stereotypy 3752:density in 3720:Number of 3688:enkephalin 3676:enkephalin 3386:Attenuated 3383:Attenuated 3288:enrichment 3253:reinforcer 3229:hypertonia 3198:sleepiness 3161:withdrawal 3146:Depression 3110:citicoline 3102:naltrexone 3098:gabapentin 3090:topiramate 3082:sertraline 3041:with both 2997:DNA damage 2936:, and the 2911:epigenetic 2752:repression 2723:for these 2717:co-release 2276:dependence 2207:subtypes, 2190:astrocytes 2160:biomarkers 2140:hippocampi 2085:neurotoxic 2071:influx in 2001:depression 1905:xerostomia 1897:meth mouth 1890:meth mouth 1880:Meth mouth 1798:meth mouth 1737:problems, 1711:depression 1598:euphoriant 1586:See also: 1541:products. 1523:narcolepsy 1420:neurotoxic 1412:withdrawal 1408:dependence 1293:euphoriant 1104:3D model ( 1092:Molar mass 984:PDB ligand 953:CHEBI:6809 913:24GNZ56D62 905:44RAL3456C 876:ChemSpider 836:IUPHAR/BPS 783:CAS Number 758:IUPAC name 741:Primarily 681:Inhalation 672:Intranasal 646:Pholedrine 619:Metabolism 596:Inhalation 591:Intranasal 501:Schedule I 358:Dependence 26845:PARGY-LAD 26740:Cafedrine 26699:-Tyramine 26653:Nordefrin 26633:Metaterol 26618:-Tyramine 26610:-Tyrosine 26566:Ibopamine 26455:Naphyrone 26286:Methylone 26254:Pentylone 26199:Cathinone 26194:Bupropion 26037:-Deprenyl 25703:Mefenorex 25673:Gepefrine 25624:Fencamine 25609:Ephedrine 25545:Acridorex 25272:Hordenine 25231:Mescaline 25124:2C-T-22.5 24862:25N-NBOMe 24857:25I-NBOMe 24852:25D-NBOMe 24847:25C-NBOMe 24842:25B-NBOMe 24744:See also: 24566:2,4,5-THA 24498:2,4,5-THA 24309:2,4,5-THA 24249:See also: 24227:SR-31747A 24212:Quinidine 24197:Proadifen 24182:Molindone 24157:Hypericin 24152:EMD-59983 24102:BMY-13980 24087:SKF-83959 24002:Naluzotan 23982:Berberine 23979:Agonists: 23933:RS-67,333 23868:4-MeO-PCP 23863:3-MeO-PCE 23778:Opipramol 23773:OPC-14523 23707:Agonists: 23646:RS-67,333 23591:-Deprenyl 23543:4-MeO-PCP 23523:3-MeO-PCP 23508:SOMCL-668 23500:Positive: 23496:Phenytoin 23486:SR-31742A 23461:PD-144418 23451:NPC-16377 23301:Opipramol 23296:OPC-14523 23291:Noscapine 23261:Memantine 23203:Eliprodil 23198:Donepezil 23073:5-MeO-DMT 23060:Agonists: 22993:See also: 22786:RO5166017 22698:Hordenine 22638:-Tyramine 22630:-Tyramine 22553:Serotonin 22538:Histamine 22421:See also: 22393:Guanadrel 22388:Bretylium 22361:SoRI-9804 22335:Viqualine 22289:5-MeO-αMT 22284:5-MeO-αET 22102:Methylone 21815:8-OH-DPAT 21710:Octodrine 21695:Indanorex 21537:-Deprenyl 21441:Methylone 21399:Mefenorex 21328:Hordenine 21278:Ephedrine 21243:Cathinone 20983:Octodrine 20963:Indanorex 20742:Methylone 20655:Mefenorex 20630:Hordenine 20575:Ephedrine 20540:Cathinone 20222:Serotonin 20088:Buspirone 20083:Bupropion 20055:Clonidine 20024:Modafinil 19867:Yohimbine 19842:Tandamine 19812:PRC200-SS 19707:Indanorex 19677:Gamfexine 19667:Fenisorex 19592:Bemegride 19516:5-MeO-αMT 19511:5-MeO-αET 19458:Tropoxane 19232:Picilorex 19222:Naphyrone 19069:Pipradrol 18931:GBR-13119 18926:GBR-13098 18921:GBR-13069 18916:GBR-12935 18911:GBR-12783 18650:Phenatine 18473:Mefenorex 18407:-Deprenyl 18379:Ibopamine 18364:Hordenine 18349:Gepefrine 18300:Fencamine 18255:Ephedrine 18245:Droxidopa 18196:-Deprenyl 18074:Acridorex 17868:Modafinil 17863:Fluorenol 17843:Adrafinil 17835:Eugeroics 17800:Flurothyl 17727:SIB-1553A 17647:Arecoline 17642:Anabasine 17632:AR-R17779 17617:A-366,833 17589:Pentylone 17569:Mexedrone 17564:Methylone 17534:Hexedrone 17509:Cathinone 17499:Bupropion 17426:SKF-82958 17421:SKF-81297 17416:SKF-77434 17320:Sunifiram 17305:Org 26576 17300:Nooglutyl 17252:Ampakines 17232:Octodrine 17169:SCH-58261 17149:CGS-15943 17101:Memantine 16999:Cannabis 16844:Addiction 16800:Beer shop 16783:Venezuela 16648:Mauritius 16478:Australia 16416:and trade 16343:Drug test 16144:Australia 15918:Nootropic 15903:Entheogen 15878:Club drug 15726:Sommelier 15721:Pub crawl 15706:Nightclub 15701:Hip flask 15638:Latte art 15575:Head shop 15445:Quaaludes 15213:Inhalants 15162:San Pedro 15147:Mescaline 15130:Ayahuasca 15103:Bufotenin 15048:Benzofury 15039:2C series 15019:Chocolate 14982:Modafinil 14972:Methylone 14945:Ephedrine 14916:Cathinone 14877:Arecoline 14842:Oxycodone 14813:Methadone 14647:Inhalants 14527:Australia 14315:(agonist) 14305:(agonist) 14295:(agonist) 14285:(agonist) 14279:(agonist) 14273:(agonist) 14159:Serotonin 14119:Nootropic 13800:ProCentra 13795:Dexedrine 13548:0893-133X 12982:"Desoxyn" 12831:12 August 12613:17 August 12445:Water Res 12371:gradworks 11929:(1): 21. 11740:5 October 11710:5 October 11553:5 October 11420:5 October 11160:4 January 10858:receptor" 10729:4 January 10640:2 January 10599:. WebMD. 10491:2423-4494 10311:254388862 10094:2 January 9756:. Merck. 9686:198136436 9658:Addiction 9283:Brain Res 9137:: 18–25. 7458:. Merck. 7279:Gen. Dent 7224:8 October 7193:8 October 7092:1 January 7016:CiteSeerX 6909:Drugs.com 6410:1 January 6234:1 January 6164:4 January 5893:4 January 5857:0278-5846 5783:: 11–21. 5735:1556-3650 5508:27 August 5192:Footnotes 5098:vitamin D 5044:Guangzhou 4952:-Pills" ( 4907:reduction 4892:ephedrine 4740:Synthesis 4655:free base 4606:Chemistry 4595:drug test 4245:carnitine 4223:into the 4072:sedatives 4035:labetalol 4000:vitamin C 3946:delusions 3922:Psychosis 3906:owing to 3836:agitation 3834:, severe 3722:dendrites 3702:dynorphin 3696:dynorphin 3682:dynorphin 3671:dynorphin 3656:No change 3653:No change 3281:(aerobic) 3141:Tolerance 3130:modafinil 3017:chromatin 2975:addiction 2958:promoters 2714:glutamate 2362:tolerance 2337:rewarding 2249:addiction 2233:Addictive 2227:apoptotic 2188:in human 1965:alertness 1957:dysphoria 1868:ceramides 1863:itchiness 1839:twitching 1835:dizziness 1723:psychosis 1679:agitation 1562:addiction 1519:off label 1422:to human 1404:addiction 1396:lift mood 1384:delusions 1348:psychosis 1333:synthesis 1281:free base 1238:stimulant 1127:Chirality 737:Excretion 704:half-life 512:Anlage II 389:Routes of 383:Very High 379:liability 377:Addiction 360:liability 350:Monograph 344:Drugs.com 26850:Phenibut 26536:Dopamine 26517:Ciladopa 26507:a-Me-TRA 26347:Eutylone 26337:Butylone 26281:Ethylone 26276:Butylone 26266:3,4-DMMC 26214:Eutylone 26164:4-MeMABP 26084:Pentorex 26074:Etolorex 26064:Cloforex 25841:Tiflorex 25733:Morforex 25658:Fludorex 25413:Beatrice 25206:Escaline 24714:Unsorted 24538:Xylamine 24465:Rotenone 24460:Paraquat 24417:Mancozeb 24387:Dopamine 24367:Dieldrin 24192:Pimozide 24147:Dezocine 24037:Naloxone 23997:Metaphit 23992:Fourphit 23972:Unsorted 23908:Ibogaine 23848:SAS-0132 23798:UKH-1114 23755:Ketamine 23740:DKR-1051 23735:DKR-1005 23616:Ibogaine 23248:L-687384 23243:Ketamine 22900:Agonists 22863:Agonists 22533:Dopamine 22510:Agonists 22408:Guanoxan 22188:2C-B-BZP 22012:Etolorex 22007:Ethylone 21957:Cloforex 21947:Butylone 21846:Aminorex 21574:2C-B-BZP 21548:Tyramine 21543:Tiflorex 21477:Pentorex 21446:Morforex 21318:Fludorex 21288:Ethylone 21233:Butylone 21208:β-Me-PEA 21136:2-OH-PEA 21115:Pemoline 21090:Aminorex 21054:Morforex 21049:Morazone 20847:2C-B-BZP 20821:Tyramine 20816:Tiflorex 20747:Morforex 20620:Fludorex 20590:Ethylone 20530:Butylone 20505:β-Me-PEA 20435:2-OH-PEA 20414:Pemoline 20389:Aminorex 20353:Morforex 20348:Morazone 20186:Dopamine 20047:agonists 19878:ATC code 19742:Mazindol 19702:Idazoxan 19662:Etamivan 19657:Efaroxan 19486:4-HO-αMT 19280:Tropanes 19252:Racetams 19107:4-Cl-PVP 19084:SCH-5472 19044:JZ-IV-10 18936:JJC8-088 18886:2C-B-BZP 18833:Morforex 18828:Morazone 18775:Tyrosine 18770:Tyramine 18760:Tiflorex 18645:Pentorex 18547:Morforex 18493:Mesocarb 18334:Fludorex 18235:Dopamine 18229:Levodopa 18178:Cloforex 17959:2-OH-PEA 17916:Pemoline 17891:Aminorex 17805:Gabazine 17692:Nicotine 17662:Cytisine 17657:Cotinine 17612:A-84,543 17524:Ethylone 17504:Butylone 17449:3,4-DMMC 17411:6-Br-APB 17368:Ketamine 17325:Unifiram 17144:Caffeine 16983:drug use 16896:Overdose 16832:drug use 16758:Thailand 16743:Suriname 16723:Slovakia 16698:Portugal 16683:Paraguay 16643:Malaysia 16583:Honduras 16533:Colombia 16518:Cambodia 16239:Virginia 16229:Maryland 16224:Colorado 16179:Slovakia 16174:Portugal 15847:Smokeasy 15741:Wine bar 15643:Teahouse 15366:Hash oil 15297:Atropine 15255:Muscimol 15245:Ketamine 15208:Glaucine 15173:Psilocin 14987:Nicotine 14894:Caffeine 14854:Tramadol 14830:Morphine 14807:Dilaudid 14783:Fentanyl 14774:Darvocet 14764:Krokodil 14739:Suboxone 14678:Gasoline 14668:solvents 14651:Medical 14187:Category 14049:Dopamine 13873:inducer) 13752:Adderall 13626:Archived 13609:21803215 13566:22089317 13493:Archived 13463:29796230 13410:26732595 13366:17105922 13323:18784583 13288:22847088 13203:Archived 13161:Archived 13128:Archived 13104:Archived 13071:Archived 12960:Archived 12902:Archived 12868:22849208 12825:Archived 12770:archived 12765:Pervitin 12742:Archived 12724:21991491 12665:Archived 12607:Archived 12560:19637924 12475:23886544 12426:21777940 12375:Archived 12352:21202421 12295:21740689 12235:44731289 12227:14871155 12192:15516295 12113:32917584 12105:17468860 12035:23668655 12000:34050001 11953:22902524 11911:22902524 11854:Archived 11824:Archived 11794:Archived 11764:Archived 11734:Archived 11704:Archived 11678:13977820 11615:Archived 11547:Archived 11514:12191709 11472:72333584 11464:30731099 11414:Archived 11410:DrugBank 11371:19072636 11363:17015058 11246:13677912 11219:21272013 11154:Archived 11150:DrugBank 11129:21525407 11058:Archived 11054:GenAtlas 11031:21772817 10976:23968642 10923:25033183 10866:Archived 10839:19364908 10790:11459929 10723:Archived 10719:DrugBank 10696:21073468 10634:Archived 10630:DrugBank 10607:20 April 10601:Archived 10597:Medscape 10543:25724076 10529:: 1–13. 10495:Archived 10454:21698404 10446:29776826 10411:32967503 10362:29997977 10303:36598401 10266:18698321 10178:19160215 10085:Archived 10081:13108173 10073:17874986 10023:Archived 9975:22430455 9901:17990840 9863:19370579 9807:23996457 9758:Archived 9735:23039267 9678:31328345 9633:24716825 9584:30586362 9530:27259203 9481:24182756 9473:25867833 9438:18797138 9397:15120493 9362:24239129 9313:25446457 9264:26023847 9210:23313146 9161:24685563 9108:23426671 9052:22641964 9000:23643695 8948:19202072 8881:Archived 8854:21459101 8767:19157711 8759:25083822 8691:21989194 8620:15139406 8612:16776597 8563:18640924 8506:23430970 8437:21989194 8383:24939695 8357:Figure 1 8296:22200950 8231:19877494 8170:26816013 8117:24459410 8044:21054260 8002:11909155 7994:16293712 7955:26092759 7908:24950453 7843:22392347 7793:21886562 7734:25175865 7688:25175865 7633:24484974 7571:Archived 7552:18368606 7517:21803215 7460:Archived 7391:Archived 7369:18661225 7291:22782046 7251:Archived 7218:Archived 7187:Archived 7163:15 March 7157:Archived 7129:15 March 7123:Archived 7038:21036393 6913:Archived 6891:18246980 6801:22089317 6738:19328213 6674:25861156 6606:NBC News 6580:Archived 6546:Archived 6516:Archived 6490:28630283 6481:11047030 6430:Archived 6404:Archived 6374:Archived 6343:Archived 6288:Archived 6258:Archived 6228:Archived 6224:DrugBank 6195:Archived 6158:Archived 6123:10027866 6089:15922018 6047:15922018 5984:Archived 5949:27787938 5941:10911933 5887:Archived 5865:25724762 5807:25176528 5751:42588722 5743:20849327 5665:37079117 5657:19426289 5581:Archived 5577:DailyMed 5502:Archived 5474:22 April 5108:See also 5085:Research 5032:ketamine 4997:Lundbeck 4961:effects. 4922:Pervitin 4759:Leuckart 4675:miscible 4659:geranium 4264:affinity 3984:sedation 3942:delirium 3934:paranoia 3809:Overdose 3781:Neonatal 3553:striatal 3551:Altered 3523:response 3521:dopamine 3264:Opiates 3251:Type of 3240:Form of 3213:placenta 3122:riluzole 3094:baclofen 2966:and the 2930:striatum 2847:propofol 2835:nicotine 2710:dopamine 2611:DARPP-32 2171:creatine 1973:insomnia 1953:euphoria 1930:priapism 1843:numbness 1763:Physical 1731:seizures 1687:glaucoma 1590:and the 1424:midbrain 1380:delirium 1372:paranoia 1356:seizures 1301:Adderall 1210:(verify) 856:DrugBank 800:300-42-5 792:537-46-2 692:: <15 683:: <18 674:: <15 598:: 67–90% 489:Class F2 431:ATC code 365:Physical 18:Pervitin 26890:UWA-101 26855:PRO-LAD 26785:ETH-LAD 26546:Epinine 26502:a-Me-DA 26425:4-MePPP 26420:4-MePHP 26415:4-MePBP 26327:Ariadne 26105:Others: 26015:3,4-DCA 26012:Others: 25963:2,3-MDA 25948:6-MAPDB 25913:5-MAPDB 25594:Cathine 25518:ZDCM-04 25503:Psi-DOM 25488:Ganesha 25354:Others: 25169:2C-T-33 25164:2C-T-32 25159:2C-T-31 25154:2C-T-30 25149:2C-T-28 25144:2C-T-27 25139:2C-T-25 25134:2C-T-24 25129:2C-T-23 25119:2C-T-22 25114:2C-T-21 25109:2C-T-20 25104:2C-T-19 25099:2C-T-18 25094:2C-T-17 25089:2C-T-16 25084:2C-T-15 25079:2C-T-14 25074:2C-T-13 25069:2C-T-12 25064:2C-T-11 25059:2C-T-10 24874:2C-B-AN 24601:5,7-DHT 24596:5,6-DHT 24581:3,4-DCA 24561:2,4-DCA 24518:DOPEGAL 24508:5,7-DHT 24503:5,6-DHT 24362:Daidzin 24357:Benomyl 24340:(e.g., 24328:5,6-DHT 24062:UMB-116 24057:UMB-103 24052:UMB-101 24047:UMB-100 23838:MIN-101 23828:CT-1812 23818:BD-1067 23813:BD-1008 23720:BD-1047 23656:Saffron 23641:RHL-033 23411:Dup-734 23396:BD-1067 23391:BD-1063 23386:BD-1060 23381:BD-1047 23376:BD-1031 23371:BD-1008 23316:PRE-084 23133:Cocaine 23098:BD-1052 22493:ligands 22327:Others: 22193:3-MeOPP 21622:Others: 21238:Cathine 20885:Others: 20535:Cathine 20254:(SNDRI) 19857:Trazium 19782:Nefopam 19737:LR-5182 19438:RTI-386 19433:RTI-371 19428:RTI-354 19423:RTI-336 19418:RTI-229 19413:RTI-177 19408:RTI-150 19403:RTI-126 19393:RTI-120 19388:RTI-113 19383:RTI-112 19323:Cocaine 19112:5-DBFPV 19059:Nocaine 18906:DBL-583 18265:Epinine 18148:Cathine 18024:AL-1095 17969:2,3-MDA 17825:Thujone 17747:TC-2216 17742:TC-1827 17737:TC-1698 17627:ABT-418 17622:ABT-202 17315:S-18986 17285:IDRA-21 16658:Nigeria 16653:Moldova 16573:Germany 16568:Finland 16563:Estonia 16503:Bolivia 16159:Germany 15958:Whoonga 15809:Therapy 15477:Poppers 15455:Ecstasy 15440:Cocaine 15388:APINACA 15378:JWH-018 15361:Hashish 15233:poppers 15069:Ecstasy 15002:Tobacco 14950:Ephedra 14928:Cocaine 14748:Codeine 14742:Subutex 14727:Opioids 14380:SLC22A5 14375:SLC22A3 14129:Obesity 13983:SLC22A5 13978:SLC22A3 13823:Vyvanse 13805:Zenzedi 13763:Mydayis 13600:3148451 13557:3260986 13454:5960763 13374:8537458 13346:Bibcode 13134:30 July 13077:30 July 13047:30 July 12715:3189445 12698:: 1–4. 12551:3662403 12453:Bibcode 12406:Bibcode 12343:2961146 12322:Bibcode 12148:8075776 12070:9700558 11992:4146404 11944:3526672 11902:3526672 11669:1703637 11611:4809526 11325:7869099 11316:6577819 11273:9918585 11210:4183197 11189:Bibcode 11120:3101002 11097:Bibcode 11050:"TAAR1" 11022:3131148 10967:3831354 10914:4159050 10830:2700171 10758:Bibcode 10687:3005101 10578:9426992 10402:7903554 10353:6006107 10257:2670101 10169:7004251 10029:11 June 9966:3313637 9854:7138250 9726:4014020 9624:4017926 9575:6306153 9521:5476208 9353:3989474 9304:4427550 9255:4622560 9201:3602162 9152:4550209 9099:3865508 9043:4040958 8991:3766384 8939:2650365 8916:Bibcode 8845:3139704 8682:3272277 8554:2607320 8497:3569166 8428:3272277 8374:4359351 8287:3250102 8222:2834246 8161:6135257 8108:3898681 7946:4532615 7899:4315503 7851:2873101 7823:Bibcode 7784:3137201 7725:4418472 7679:4418472 7624:4103010 7508:3148451 7360:4669892 7257:29 July 7046:5667719 6882:2276123 6842:8341891 6833:2267865 6792:3260986 6729:2731235 6665:4377385 6552:7 March 6380:29 July 6349:29 July 6319:29 July 6294:29 July 6080:1828602 6038:1828602 5921:Bibcode 5798:4164186 5587:20 June 5279:crystal 5024:Sam Gor 4989:Desoxyn 4977:obesity 4973:Obetrol 4948:) and " 4932:of the 4926:Temmler 4896:chemist 4788:reduced 4784:iminium 4751:Racemic 4693:with P2 4671:ethanol 4663:soluble 4338:smoking 4254:of the 4252:agonist 4241:SLC22A5 4237:SLC22A3 4225:cytosol 4160:(DAT), 3724:in the 3525:in the 3492:in the 3303:D1-type 3258:Sources 3174:fatigue 3150:cocaine 3118:prometa 3015:in the 2960:of the 2839:opioids 2827:cocaine 2819:alcohol 2807:D1-type 2412:in the 2339:stimuli 2330:stimuli 2309:somatic 2258:alcohol 2175:choline 2146:in the 2077:neurons 2043:(ROS), 2009:suicide 1997:anxiety 1993:punding 1934:bruxism 1913:bruxism 1847:tremors 1735:thyroid 1568:Desoxyn 1548:and is 1514:obesity 1506:Desoxyn 1492:Medical 1430:neurons 1370:(e.g., 1305:Vyvanse 1278:racemic 1258:obesity 1097:149.237 1068:Formula 865:DB01577 811:PubChem 696:minutes 687:minutes 678:minutes 536:Class A 524:Class A 522:: 510:: 499:: 447:) 441: ( 439:N06BA03 424:vaginal 367:: None 297:) 230:-ə-meen 166:-ə-meen 42:Hiropon 26805:IP-LAD 26725:AL-LAD 26497:6-OHDA 26032:(also 26025:DiFMDA 25943:6-MAPB 25933:6-EAPB 25923:6-APDB 25908:5-MAPB 25898:5-EAPB 25893:5-APDB 25498:MMDA-2 25398:3C-MAL 25350:MDMPEA 25201:DESOXY 25179:2C-TFM 25174:2C-TFE 25054:2C-T-9 25049:2C-T-8 25044:2C-T-7 25039:2C-T-6 25034:2C-T-5 25029:2C-T-4 25024:2C-T-3 25019:2C-T-2 24994:2C-O-4 24984:2C-NH2 24959:2C-G-N 24954:2C-G-6 24949:2C-G-5 24944:2C-G-4 24939:2C-G-3 24934:2C-G-2 24929:2C-G-1 24721:5-HIAL 24077:YZ-185 24072:YZ-069 24067:YZ-011 23958:UMB-82 23953:UMB-23 23833:LR-172 23823:CM-156 23808:AC-927 23725:BD1063 23686:YKP10A 23651:RTI-55 23538:4-IPBS 23528:4C-T-2 23446:NE-100 23441:MS-377 23436:LR-172 23431:LR-132 23416:E-5842 23406:CM-156 23366:AC-927 23351:UMB-82 23346:UMB-23 23093:BD-737 23068:4-PPBP 22934: 22879: 22867: 22348:Others 22248:pTFMPP 22137:4-TFMA 22077:MDMPEA 21912:6-APDB 21902:5-APDB 21532:(also 21384:MDMPEA 21338:5-APDI 20908:5-APDI 20727:MDMPEA 20248:(NDRI) 20242:(SNRI) 20236:(SSRI) 20230:(SERT) 20224:(5-HT) 20167:(ADHD) 19862:UH-232 19797:O-2172 19550:Others 19378:RTI-51 19373:RTI-32 19368:RTI-31 19142:α-PHPP 19132:α-PHiP 19127:α-PCYP 18891:3C-PEP 18453:MDMPEA 17757:UB-165 17682:GTS-21 17474:4-MEAP 17280:CX-717 17275:CX-691 17270:CX-614 17265:CX-546 17260:CX-516 16763:Turkey 16753:Taiwan 16708:Russia 16693:Poland 16673:Panama 16663:Norway 16638:Latvia 16618:Kosovo 16548:Cyprus 16508:Brazil 16498:Bhutan 16488:Belize 16234:Oregon 16189:Sweden 16149:Canada 15908:Hippie 15842:Loosie 15311:Datura 15157:Peyote 15142:LSD-25 14899:Coffee 14823:Kratom 14792:Heroin 14777:Darvon 14694:Other 14393:Health 13922:, and 13889:(weak 13881:ligand 13738:Evekeo 13607: 13597: 13564: 13554: 13546: 13461: 13451: 13408: 13372: 13364: 13321: 13286: 13195: 13167:3 June 13018:15 May 12934: 12894: 12866: 12798: 12722: 12712: 12636: 12581:(NIDA) 12558: 12548: 12473: 12424: 12350: 12340: 12293: 12256: 12233: 12225: 12190: 12146: 12111: 12103: 12068: 12033: 11998: 11990: 11951: 11941: 11909: 11899: 11730:BRENDA 11700:BRENDA 11676: 11666: 11609: 11539: 11512: 11477:group. 11470: 11462: 11369: 11361: 11323: 11313: 11271: 11244: 11217: 11207: 11127: 11117: 11064:29 May 11029: 11019: 11005:: 56. 10974: 10964: 10928:2012). 10921: 10911: 10893:Neuron 10837: 10827: 10788: 10778: 10694: 10684: 10576: 10541: 10489: 10452: 10444: 10409: 10399: 10360: 10350: 10309: 10301: 10264: 10254: 10213: 10176: 10166: 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