1620:) is often transmitted wirelessly to a computer, where the motion is recorded or viewed. Most inertial systems use inertial measurement units (IMUs) containing a combination of gyroscope, magnetometer, and accelerometer, to measure rotational rates. These rotations are translated to a skeleton in the software. Much like optical markers, the more IMU sensors the more natural the data. No external cameras, emitters or markers are needed for relative motions, although they are required to give the absolute position of the user if desired. Inertial motion capture systems capture the full six degrees of freedom body motion of a human in real-time and can give limited direction information if they include a magnetic bearing sensor, although these are much lower resolution and susceptible to electromagnetic noise. Benefits of using Inertial systems include: capturing in a variety of environments including tight spaces, no solving, portability, and large capture areas. Disadvantages include lower positional accuracy and positional drift which can compound over time. These systems are similar to the Wii controllers but are more sensitive and have greater resolution and update rates. They can accurately measure the direction to the ground to within a degree. The popularity of inertial systems is rising amongst game developers, mainly because of the quick and easy setup resulting in a fast pipeline. A range of suits are now available from various manufacturers and base prices range from $ 1000 to US$ 80,000.
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having both higher spatial and temporal resolution. Directors can see the actor's performance in real-time, and watch the results on the motion capture-driven CG character. The unique marker IDs reduce the turnaround, by eliminating marker swapping and providing much cleaner data than other technologies. LEDs with onboard processing and radio synchronization allow motion capture outdoors in direct sunlight while capturing at 120 to 960 frames per second due to a high-speed electronic shutter. Computer processing of modulated IDs allows less hand cleanup or filtered results for lower operational costs. This higher accuracy and resolution requires more processing than passive technologies, but the additional processing is done at the camera to improve resolution via subpixel or centroid processing, providing both high resolution and high speed. These motion capture systems typically cost $ 20,000 for an eight-camera, 12-megapixel spatial resolution 120-hertz system with one actor.
1646:, which provides useful results obtained with two-thirds the number of markers required in optical systems; one on upper arm and one on lower arm for elbow position and angle. The markers are not occluded by nonmetallic objects but are susceptible to magnetic and electrical interference from metal objects in the environment, like rebar (steel reinforcing bars in concrete) or wiring, which affect the magnetic field, and electrical sources such as monitors, lights, cables and computers. The sensor response is nonlinear, especially toward edges of the capture area. The wiring from the sensors tends to preclude extreme performance movements. With magnetic systems, it is possible to monitor the results of a motion capture session in real time. The capture volumes for magnetic systems are dramatically smaller than they are for optical systems. With the magnetic systems, there is a distinction between
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1722:. The speed of light is 30 centimeters per nanosecond (billionth of a second), so a 10 gigahertz (billion cycles per second) radio frequency signal enables an accuracy of about 3 centimeters. By measuring amplitude to a quarter wavelength, it is possible to improve the resolution down to about 8 mm. To achieve the resolution of optical systems, frequencies of 50 gigahertz or higher are needed, which are almost as dependent on line of sight and as easy to block as optical systems. Multipath and reradiation of the signal are likely to cause additional problems, but these technologies will be ideal for tracking larger volumes with reasonable accuracy, since the required resolution at 100 meter distances is not likely to be as high. Many scientists believe that radio frequency will never produce the accuracy required for motion capture.
1232:, magnetic or reflective markers, or combinations of any of these, are tracked, optimally at least two times the frequency rate of the desired motion. The resolution of the system is important in both the spatial resolution and temporal resolution as motion blur causes almost the same problems as low resolution. Since the beginning of the 21st century - and because of the rapid growth of technology - new methods have been developed. Most modern systems can extract the silhouette of the performer from the background. Afterwards all joint angles are calculated by fitting in a mathematical model into the silhouette. For movements you can not see a change of the silhouette, there are hybrid systems available that can do both (marker and silhouette), but with less marker. In robotics, some motion capture systems are based on
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the image at a relatively high frame rate. This posts a requirement on the bandwidth of the image-capturing hardware. The second challenge is that the image processing software has to be able to extract the target image from its background and calculate its position. Several textbook image-processing algorithms are designed for this task. This problem can be simplified if the tracking system can expect certain characteristics that is common in all the targets it will track. The next problem down the line is controlling the tracking platform to follow the target. This is a typical control system design problem rather than a challenge, which involves modeling the system dynamics and designing
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dynamically for each particular subject. Tracking a large number of performers or expanding the capture area is accomplished by the addition of more cameras. These systems produce data with three degrees of freedom for each marker, and rotational information must be inferred from the relative orientation of three or more markers; for instance shoulder, elbow and wrist markers providing the angle of the elbow. Newer hybrid systems are combining inertial sensors with optical sensors to reduce occlusion, increase the number of users and improve the ability to track without having to manually clean up data.
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brightness as the light source, camera position or both are changed. These techniques tend to be only limited in feature resolution by the camera resolution, apparent object size and number of cameras. If the users face is 50 percent of the working area of the camera and a camera has megapixel resolution, then sub millimeter facial motions can be detected by comparing frames. Recent work is focusing on increasing the frame rates and doing optical flow to allow the motions to be retargeted to other computer generated faces, rather than just making a 3D Mesh of the actor and their expressions.
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parts, measuring the performer's relative motion. Mechanical motion capture systems are real-time, relatively low-cost, free from occlusion, and wireless (untethered) systems that have unlimited capture volume. Typically, they are rigid structures of jointed, straight metal or plastic rods linked together with potentiometers that articulate at the joints of the body. These suits tend to be in the $ 25,000 to $ 75,000 range plus an external absolute positioning system. Some suits provide limited force feedback or
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target being tracked can thereby provide more information than just motion data. The image obtained from NASA's long-range tracking system on the space shuttle
Challenger's fatal launch provided crucial evidence about the cause of the accident. Optical tracking systems are also used to identify known spacecraft and space debris despite the fact that it has a disadvantage compared to radar in that the objects must be reflecting or emitting sufficient light.
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minute changes in body motion. Stretch sensors are unaffected by magnetic interference and are free from occlusion. The stretchable nature of the sensors also means they do not suffer from positional drift, which is common with inertial systems. Stretchable sensors, on the other hands, due to the material properties of their substrates and conducting materials, suffer from relatively low
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1737:, which contains internal sensors recording the angular movements, removing the need for external cameras and other equipment. Even though this technology could potentially lead to much lower costs for motion capture, the basic sphere is only capable of recording a single continuous direction. Additional sensors worn on the person would be needed to record anything more.
1706:, is the next generation of fidelity and is utilized to record the more complex movements in a human face in order to capture higher degrees of emotion. Facial capture is currently arranging itself in several distinct camps, including traditional motion capture data, blend-shaped based solutions, capturing the actual topology of an actor's face, and proprietary systems.
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powered to emit their own light. Since the inverse square law provides one quarter of the power at two times the distance, this can increase the distances and volume for capture. This also enables a high signal-to-noise ratio, resulting in very low marker jitter and a resulting high measurement resolution (often down to 0.1 mm within the calibrated volume).
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allows the computer-generated characters, images and sets to have the same perspective as the video images from the camera. A computer processes the data and displays the movements of the actor, providing the desired camera positions in terms of objects in the set. Retroactively obtaining camera movement data from the captured footage is known as
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and the corresponding high-speed image stream, it requires significantly lower data bandwidth. The tags also provide incident illumination data which can be used to match scene lighting when inserting synthetic elements. The technique appears ideal for on-set motion capture or real-time broadcasting of virtual sets but has yet to be proven.
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1989:, Accessed June 21, 2014, "..But developments in motion-capture technology, as well as new gaming consoles expected from Sony and Microsoft within the year, indicate that this niche continues to be a growth area for actors. And for those who have thought about breaking in, the message is clear: Get busy...."
1188:. In his thesis, using data provided by 31 sensors placed on his body, he analysed his jumps. He evaluated the use of technology both in order to improve the scoring system and to help skaters improve their jumping technique. In March 2021 a summary of the thesis was published in the academic journal.
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Another alternative is using a 6DOF (Degrees of freedom) motion platform with an integrated omni-directional treadmill with high resolution optical motion capture to achieve the same effect. The captured person can walk in an unlimited area, negotiating different uneven terrains. Applications include
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The two main techniques are stationary systems with an array of cameras capturing the facial expressions from multiple angles and using software such as the stereo mesh solver from OpenCV to create a 3D surface mesh, or to use light arrays as well to calculate the surface normals from the variance in
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The tracking computer is responsible for capturing the images from the optical imaging system, analyzing the image to extract the target position and controlling the mechanical tracking platform to follow the target. There are several challenges. First, the tracking computer has to be able to capture
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These tracking tags work in natural lighting conditions and can be imperceptibly embedded in attire or other objects. The system supports an unlimited number of tags in a scene, with each tag uniquely identified to eliminate marker reacquisition issues. Since the system eliminates a high-speed camera
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Purdue
University houses the world’s largest indoor motion capture system, inside the Purdue UAS Research and Test (PURT) facility. PURT is dedicated to UAS research, and provides tracking volume of 600,000 cubic feet using 60 motion capture cameras. The optical motion capture system is able to track
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software to render a screen image which allowed the director and the actor to see what they would look like in the movie, making it easier to direct the movie as it would be seen by the viewer. This method allowed views and angles not possible from a pre-rendered animation. Cameron was so proud of
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Camera movements can also be motion captured so that a virtual camera in the scene will pan, tilt or dolly around the stage driven by a camera operator while the actor is performing. At the same time, the motion capture system can capture the camera and props as well as the actor's performance. This
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Most traditional motion capture hardware vendors provide for some type of low-resolution facial capture utilizing anywhere from 32 to 300 markers with either an active or passive marker system. All of these solutions are limited by the time it takes to apply the markers, calibrate the positions and
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The software that runs such systems is also customized for the corresponding hardware components. One example of such software is OpticTracker, which controls computerized telescopes to track moving objects at great distances, such as planes and satellites. Another option is the software SimiShape,
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Active marker systems can further be refined by strobing one marker on at a time, or tracking multiple markers over time and modulating the amplitude or pulse width to provide marker ID. 12-megapixel spatial resolution modulated systems show more subtle movements than 4-megapixel optical systems by
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Vendors have constraint software to reduce the problem of marker swapping since all passive markers appear identical. Unlike active marker systems and magnetic systems, passive systems do not require the user to wear wires or electronic equipment. Instead, hundreds of rubber balls are attached with
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The mechanical tracking platform holds the optical imaging system and is responsible for manipulating the optical imaging system in such a way that it always points to the target being tracked. The dynamics of the mechanical tracking platform combined with the optical imaging system determines the
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Traditionally markerless optical motion tracking is used to keep track of various objects, including airplanes, launch vehicles, missiles and satellites. Many such optical motion tracking applications occur outdoors, requiring differing lens and camera configurations. High-resolution images of the
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Active optical systems triangulate positions by illuminating one LED at a time very quickly or multiple LEDs with software to identify them by their relative positions, somewhat akin to celestial navigation. Rather than reflecting light back that is generated externally, the markers themselves are
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Stretch sensors are flexible parallel plate capacitors that measure either stretch, bend, shear, or pressure and are typically produced from silicone. When the sensor stretches or squeezes its capacitance value changes. This data can be transmitted via
Bluetooth or direct input and used to detect
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Mechanical motion capture systems directly track body joint angles and are often referred to as exoskeleton motion capture systems, due to the way the sensors are attached to the body. A performer attaches the skeletal-like structure to their body and as they move so do the articulated mechanical
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An underwater camera is typically able to measure 15–20 meters depending on the water quality, the camera and the type of marker used. Unsurprisingly, the best range is achieved when the water is clear, and like always, the measurement volume is also dependent on the number of cameras. A range of
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use inexpensive multi-LED high-speed projectors. The specially built multi-LED IR projectors optically encode the space. Instead of retro-reflective or active light emitting diode (LED) markers, the system uses photosensitive marker tags to decode the optical signals. By attaching tags with photo
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the 3D position of a subject between two or more cameras calibrated to provide overlapping projections. Data acquisition is traditionally implemented using special markers attached to an actor; however, more recent systems are able to generate accurate data by tracking surface features identified
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Indoor positioning is another application for optical motion capture systems. Robotics researchers often use motion capture systems when developing and evaluating control, estimation, and perception algorithms and hardware. In outdoor spaces, it’s possible to achieve accuracy to the centimeter by
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Magnetic systems calculate position and orientation by the relative magnetic flux of three orthogonal coils on both the transmitter and each receiver. The relative intensity of the voltage or current of the three coils allows these systems to calculate both range and orientation by meticulously
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The vital part of the system, the underwater camera, has a waterproof housing. The housing has a finish that withstands corrosion and chlorine which makes it perfect for use in basins and swimming pools. There are two types of cameras. Industrial high-speed cameras can also be used as infrared
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An object with markers attached at known positions is used to calibrate the cameras and obtain their positions, and the lens distortion of each camera is measured. If two calibrated cameras see a marker, a three-dimensional fix can be obtained. Typically a system will consist of around 2 to 48
726:). However, this reduces significantly when there is no line-of-sight to the satellites — such as in indoor environments. The majority of vendors selling commercial optical motion capture systems provide accessible open source drivers that integrate with the popular Robotic Operating System (
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The optical imaging system is responsible for converting the light from the target area into a digital image that the tracking computer can process. Depending on the design of the optical tracking system, the optical imaging system can vary from as simple as a standard digital camera to as
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targets in its volume with millimeter accuracy, effectively providing the true position of targets — the “ground truth” baseline in research and development. Results derived from other sensors and algorithms can then be compared to the ground truth data to evaluate their performance.
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The amount of work does not vary with the complexity or length of the performance to the same degree as when using traditional techniques. This allows many tests to be done with different styles or deliveries, giving a distinct personality that is only limited by the talent of the
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2019:, Accessed June 21, 2014, "...the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' historic reluctance to honor motion-capture performances ... Serkis, garbed in a sensor-embedded Lycra body suit, quickly mastered the then-novel art and science of performance-capture acting. ..."
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Different pools require different mountings and fixtures. Therefore, all underwater motion capture systems are uniquely tailored to suit each specific pool instalment. For cameras placed in the center of the pool, specially designed tripods, using suction cups, are provided.
1058:, allow users to interact with digital content in real time by capturing hand motions. This can be useful for training simulations, visual perception tests, or performing virtual walk-throughs in a 3D environment. Motion capture technology is frequently used in
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The first virtual actor animated by motion-capture was produced in 1993 by Didier
Pourcel and his team at Gribouille. It involved "cloning" the body and face of French comedian Richard Bohringer, and then animating it with still-nascent motion-capture tools.
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One innovative use is pose detection, which can empower patients during post-surgical recovery or rehabilitation after injuries. This approach enables continuous monitoring, real-time guidance, and individually tailored programs to enhance patient outcomes.
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If the computer model has different proportions from the capture subject, artifacts may occur. For example, if a cartoon character has large, oversized hands, these may intersect the character's body if the human performer is not careful with their physical
1488:, do not require subjects to wear special equipment for tracking. Special computer algorithms are designed to allow the system to analyze multiple streams of optical input and identify human forms, breaking them down into constituent parts for tracking.
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There are many applications of Motion
Capture. The most common are for video games, movies, and movement capture, however there is a research application for this technology being used at Purdue University in robotics development.
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Because of the use of a single-view camera, motions captured are usually noisy. Machine learning techniques have been proposed to automatically reconstruct such noisy motions into higher quality ones, using methods such as
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software uses facial recognition technology from ULSee.Inc to map a player's facial expressions and the body tracking technology from
Perception Neuron to map the body movement onto a 2D or 3D character's motion on-screen.
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In the field of aerial robotics research, motion capture systems are widely used for positioning as well. Regulations on airspace usage limit how feasible outdoor experiments can be conducted with
Unmanned Aerial Systems
1317:. This type of system can capture large numbers of markers at frame rates usually around 120 to 160 fps although by lowering the resolution and tracking a smaller region of interest they can track as high as 10,000 fps.
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cameras. Infrared underwater cameras come with a cyan light strobe instead of the typical IR light for minimum fall-off underwater and high-speed cameras with an LED light or with the option of using image processing.
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The centroid of the marker is estimated as a position within the two-dimensional image that is captured. The grayscale value of each pixel can be used to provide sub-pixel accuracy by finding the centroid of the
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David Noonan, Peter
Mountney, Daniel Elson, Ara Darzi and Guang-Zhong Yang. A Stereoscopic Fibroscope for Camera Motion and 3-D Depth Recovery During Minimally Invasive Surgery. In proc ICRA 2009, pp. 4463–68.
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The amount of animation data that can be produced within a given time is extremely large when compared to traditional animation techniques. This contributes to both cost-effectiveness and meeting production
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sensors can compute their location when lit by mobile multi-LED emitters, e.g. in a moving car. With Id per marker, these sensor tags can be worn under clothing and tracked at 500 Hz in broad daylight.
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One of the earliest active marker systems in the 1980s was a hybrid passive-active mocap system with rotating mirrors and colored glass reflective markers and which used masked linear array detectors.
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When problems occur, it is easier to shoot the scene again rather than trying to manipulate the data. Only a few systems allow real-time viewing of the data to decide if the take needs to be redone.
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as the technology matured. Since the 20th century, the performer has to wear markers near each joint to identify the motion by the positions or angles between the markers. Acoustic, inertial,
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specialized as an astronomical telescope on the top of a mountain. The specification of the optical imaging system determines the upper limit of the effective range of the tracking system.
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material to reflect light that is generated near the camera's lens. The camera's threshold can be adjusted so only the bright reflective markers will be sampled, ignoring skin and fabric.
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Motion tracking or motion capture started as a photogrammetric analysis tool in biomechanics research in the 1970s and 1980s, and expanded into education, training, sports and recently
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Andy Serkis: why won't Oscars go ape over motion-capture acting? Star of Rise of the Planet of the Apes says performance capture is misunderstood and its actors deserve more respect
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produced episodes using an active optical system for the VFX allowing the actor to walk around props that would make motion capture difficult for other non-active optical systems.
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cameras. Systems of over three hundred cameras exist to try to reduce marker swap. Extra cameras are required for full coverage around the capture subject and multiple subjects.
861:(2000) was the first feature-length film made primarily with motion capture, although many character animators also worked on the film, which had a very limited release. 2001's
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was the first widely released movie to be made with motion capture technology. Despite its poor box-office intake, supporters of motion capture technology took notice.
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271:, medical applications, and for validation of computer vision and robots. In films, television shows and video games, motion capture refers to recording actions of
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Li, Jian; Yang, Jiushan; Xu, Zhanwang; Peng, Jingliang (November 2012). "Computer-assisted hand rehabilitation assessment using an optical motion capture system".
1072:. Techniques allow clinicians to evaluate human motion across several biomechanical factors, often while streaming this information live into analytical software.
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sensors to scene points, the tags can compute not only their own locations of each point, but also their own orientation, incident illumination, and reflectance.
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Traditional animation techniques, such as added emphasis on anticipation and follow through, secondary motion or manipulating the shape of the character, as with
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2581:無線・慣性センサー式モーションキャプチャシステムのフィギュアスケートでの利活用に関するフィージビリティスタディ (A feasibility study on the use of wireless and inertial sensor motion capture systems in figure skating)
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Radio frequency positioning systems are becoming more viable as higher frequency radio frequency devices allow greater precision than older technologies such as
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An optical tracking system typically consists of three subsystems: the optical imaging system, the mechanical tracking platform and the tracking computer.
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There are also possibilities to find the position by using colored LED markers. In these systems, each color is assigned to a specific point of the body.
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Researchers at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers said in 2015 that they had made a system that tracks motion by radio frequency signals.
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738:). Indoor tests can circumvent such restrictions. Many labs and institutions around the world have built indoor motion capture volumes for this purpose.
1114:, rather than have him be only CGI as in previous films, making Ruffalo the first actor to play both the human and the Hulk versions of Bruce Banner.
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animated digital characters whose appearances were based in part on the actors who provided their motions and voices. James
Cameron's highly popular
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reflective tape, which needs to be replaced periodically. The markers are usually attached directly to the skin (as in biomechanics), or they are
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The capture system may have specific requirements for the space in which it is operated, depending on camera field of view or magnetic distortion.
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A high-resolution uniquely identified active marker system with 3,600 × 3,600 resolution at 960 hertz providing real time submillimeter positions
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Motion capture technology has been available for researchers and scientists for a few decades, which has given new insight into many fields.
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is mapped to a 3D model so that the model performs the same actions as the actor. This process may be contrasted with the older technique of
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An alternative approach was developed where the actor is given an unlimited walking area through the use of a rotating sphere, similar to a
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2535:"羽生結弦"動いたこと"は卒論完成 24時間テレビにリモート出演 (Yuzuru Hanyu completes graduation thesis on "moving things" and appears remotely on TV 24 hours a day)"
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to control it. This will however become a challenge if the tracking platform the system has to work with is not designed for real-time.
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Low latency, close to real-time results can be obtained. In entertainment applications, this can reduce the costs of keyframe-based
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are leading to the rapid development of the markerless approach to motion capture. Markerless systems such as those developed at
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Shum, Hubert P. H.; Ho, Edmond S. L.; Jiang, Yang; Takagi, Shu (2013). "Real-Time Posture Reconstruction for Microsoft Kinect".
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used passive optical system markers for motion capture. Motion capture also uses athletes in based-off animated games, such as
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Since 2001, motion capture has been used extensively to simulate or approximate the look of live-action theater, with nearly
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In motion capture sessions, movements of one or more actors are sampled many times per second. Whereas early techniques used
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to perform as several distinct digital characters (in which he also provided the voices). The 2007 adaptation of the saga
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839:(1999) was the first feature-length film to include a main character created using motion capture (that character being
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302:, often the purpose of motion capture is to record only the movements of the actor, not their visual appearance. This
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using motion capture in order to animate its main character, Jordan Adalien, and along with non-playable characters.
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The initial results are limited to what can be performed within the capture volume without extra editing of the data.
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was the first feature film to utilize a real-time motion capture system. This method streamed the actions of actor
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Olsen, NL; Markussen, B; Raket, LL (2018), "Simultaneous inference for misaligned multivariate functional data",
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Movies use motion capture for CGI effects, in some cases replacing traditional cel animation, and for completely
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to allow capture of Dracula's flying brides on very large sets similar to Weta's use of active markers in
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models. Such method generates accurate enough motion for serious applications like ergonomic assessment.
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process the data. Ultimately the technology also limits their resolution and raw output quality levels.
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Some physical therapy clinics utilize motion capture as an objective way to quantify patient progress.
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2032:." Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2000. Proceedings. IEEE Conference on. Vol. 2. IEEE, 2000.
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about a woman warrior named Senua, was rendered in real-time. The keynote was a collaboration between
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1956:." Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2009. IROS 2009. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on. IEEE, 2009.
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demonstrated full-body motion capture live in Unreal Engine. The whole scene, from the upcoming game
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Inertial motion capture technology is based on miniature inertial sensors, biomechanical models and
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The cost of the software, equipment and personnel required can be prohibitive for small productions.
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283:. When it includes face and fingers or captures subtle expressions, it is often referred to as
2864:
2557:"羽生結弦が卒業論文を公開 24時間テレビに出演 (Yuzuru Hanyu publishes graduation thesis and appears on 24-hour TV)"
1954:
Simultaneous tracking and balancing of humanoid robots for imitating human motion capture data
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Markers are placed at specific points on an actor's face during facial optical motion capture.
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2810:"Validation of an Ergonomic Assessment Method using Kinect Data in Real Workplace Conditions"
1808:
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can be captured, allowing motion capture of 3D human motion and human surface in real-time.
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Specific hardware and special software programs are required to obtain and process the data.
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951:, a stamp appears labelling the film as "100% Genuine Animation – No Motion Capture!"
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medical rehabilitation for balance training, bio-mechanical research and virtual reality.
8:
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421:, weight, and exchange of forces can be easily recreated in a physically accurate manner.
55:
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into the computer-generated imagery skin of Gollum / Smeagol as it was being performed.
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2808:
Plantard, Pierre; Shum, Hubert P. H.; Pierres, Anne-Sophie Le; Multon, Franck (2017).
1400:
One can reverse the traditional approach based on high-speed cameras. Systems such as
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had already used the technique, in the scene of the x-ray scanner and the skeletons.
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2016:
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2774:
2760:"Kinect Posture Reconstruction based on a Local Mixture of Gaussian Process Models"
2724:
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tracking system's ability to keep the lock on a target that changes speed rapidly.
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company Acclaim Entertainment for use in the film's production. Acclaim's 1995
811:
702:
160:
2945:"MIT researchers create device that can recognize, track people through walls"
2778:
2728:
2627:
1583:
capture both the color and depth images. By fusing the two images, 3D colored
1401:
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1654:(DC) systems: DC system uses square pulses, AC systems uses sine wave pulse.
1613:
1592:
1144:
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852:
840:
639:
264:
1839:"Temporal Control and Hand Movement Efficiency in Skilled Music Performance"
1088:
all of the scenes involving motion capture were directed in real-time using
589:
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955:
816:
788:
657:
654:
292:
2398:"INTERVIEW: Storymind Entertainment Talks About Upcoming 'My Eyes On You'"
1011:
Television series produced entirely with motion capture animation include
998:(that produces motion capture films), but then closed it in 2011, after a
5290:
5243:
5172:
5075:
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5050:
5015:
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1675:
to make them usable for motion capture. These solutions result in higher
1314:
937:
882:
686:
606:
428:
Potential for free software and third-party solutions reducing its costs.
307:
4702:
2758:
Liu, Zhiguang; Zhou, Liuyang; Leung, Howard; Shum, Hubert P. H. (2016).
2209:"Sega Saturn exclusive! Virtua Fighter: fighting in the third dimension"
1278:
675:
had its own in-house motion capture studio built into its headquarters.
5275:
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1244:
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1217:
1132:
921:
889:
844:
561: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
467: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
366: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2030:
A real time system for robust 3D voxel reconstruction of human motions
1325:
1204:
827:
also used the same motion capture technology to animate the digitized
291:, but in filmmaking and games, motion tracking usually refers more to
5358:
5270:
5233:
4809:
4789:
4590:
4560:
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4314:
4264:
4232:
4031:
4019:
3945:
3479:
2619:
2012 International Conference on Image Analysis and Signal Processing
2260:
1754:
1031:
965:
681:
511:
Movement that does not follow the laws of physics cannot be captured.
407:
403:
536:
442:
341:
105:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
5405:
5113:
5108:
4585:
4452:
4402:
4387:
4365:
4237:
4214:
3726:
3448:
1910:
1596:
1388:
1298:
1156:
1055:
893:
240:
Two repetitions of a walking sequence recorded using motion capture
3027:
2858:"Full 6DOF Human Motion Tracking Using Miniature Inertial Sensors"
1429:
1110:, Mark Ruffalo used motion capture so he could play his character
5326:
5123:
2142:
1987:
Growth In Performance Capture Helping Gaming Actors Weather Slump
1532:
1196:
1117:
621:
229:
2978:." 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision. IEEE, 2011.
2256:"Yu Suzuki Recalls Using Military Tech to Make Virtua Fighter 2"
1519:
movies, used a technique called Universal Capture that utilized
1372:
1274:
A dancer wearing a suit used in an optical motion capture system
1270:
5385:
5380:
5353:
5203:
5157:
4872:
4247:
4222:
4128:
2371:"Gollum Actor: How New Motion-Capture Tech Improved The Hobbit"
2040:
2038:
1787:
1584:
1580:
1310:
755:
268:
2672:
Veis, G. (1963). "Optical tracking of artificial satellites".
2423:"AI-based pose detection for physical rehabilitation software"
1451:
underwater markers are available for different circumstances.
980:
used this technique to create the Na'vi that inhabit Pandora.
941:
was animated without motion capture. In the ending credits of
5415:
5198:
5177:
5162:
4502:
3528:
3024:, an introduction to the history of motion capture technology
1837:
Goebl, W.; Palmer, C. (2013). Balasubramaniam, Ramesh (ed.).
1719:
1528:
1170:
1062:
systems to drive computer-generated characters in real time.
1051:
942:
932:
848:
803:
676:
593:
Motion capture performers from Buckinghamshire New University
417:
Complex movement and realistic physical interactions such as
232:' right hands playing the same piece (slow-motion, no-sounds)
2332:"Coin-Op News: Acclaim technology tapped for "Batman" movie"
2035:
815:(1995) used some motion capture for certain visual effects.
5305:
4080:
2069:"The Next Generation 1996 Lexicon A to Z: Motion Capture".
1643:
1571:
which can also be used hybrid in combination with markers.
1221:
2436:
1985:
Andrew Harris Salomon, Feb. 22, 2013, Backstage Magazine,
394:
Motion capture offers several advantages over traditional
4565:
2807:
1481:
1229:
994:
using this technique. In 2007, Disney acquired Zemeckis'
2767:
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
1753:, an actor's pose can be reconstructed from an image or
649:). Motion capture was later notably used to animate the
2462:"This facial recognition software lets you be Octodad"
2340:. Vol. 20, no. 11. October 1994. p. 22.
300:
images from multiple cameras to calculate 3D positions
27:
Process of recording the movement of objects or people
2969:
Accurate 3d pose estimation from a single depth image
2358:. Vol. 20, no. 4. January 1995. p. 71.
1616:
algorithms. The motion data of the inertial sensors (
1441:
Motion tracking in swimming by using image processing
287:. In many fields, motion capture is sometimes called
2604:
A benchmark for the evaluation of RGB-D SLAM systems
1967:
Motion Capture Actors: Body Movement Tells the Story
1395:
167:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
4645:
List of animated television series by episode count
1895:
1702:High-fidelity facial motion capture, also known as
1531:over all the 2-D planes of the cameras for motion,
1412:
2484:"Turn Your Human Face Into A Video Game Character"
1898:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C
1642:mapping the tracking volume. The sensor output is
2714:
1784:(a different way of making CGI effects realistic)
1313:to a performer wearing a full-body spandex/lycra
888:Storymind Entertainment, which is an independent
5470:
3193:
2757:
796:, many of the orcs and goblins in the 2012 film
4640:List of animated films by box office admissions
1367:
2017:When will a motion capture actor win an Oscar?
1713:
718:using the Global Navigation Satellite System (
609:often use motion capture to animate athletes,
4718:
3464:
3043:
2308:"Purdue's Home for Drone Systems Engineering"
2015:Hugh Hart, January 24, 2012, Wired magazine,
1315:suit designed specifically for motion capture
255:, for short) is the process of recording the
2917:
2915:
2913:
2615:
2224:. 15 December 1994. pp. 12–3, 15–6, 19.
1257:utilize data captured from image sensors to
819:had acquired motion capture technology from
2527:
1979:
1836:
1539:capture leading to photorealistic results.
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4725:
4711:
3471:
3457:
3050:
3036:
2549:
2285:. Motioncapturesociety.com. Archived from
1992:
1728:
518:animation techniques, must be added later.
4732:
2910:
2825:
2584:(Thesis) (in Japanese). Waseda University
2140:"Hooray for Hollywood! Acclaim Studios".
2135:
2133:
1909:
1872:
1862:
836:Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
671:(1994). In mid-1995, developer/publisher
577:Learn how and when to remove this message
483:Learn how and when to remove this message
382:Learn how and when to remove this message
205:Learn how and when to remove this message
187:Learn how and when to remove this message
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
2481:
2163:"Martech Games - The Personality People"
1687:
1436:
1428:
1383:
1371:
1324:
1277:
1269:
1203:
1195:
1179:two-time Olympic figure skating champion
1068:is one application of motion capture in
588:
235:
216:
2578:Hanyu, Yuzuru; 羽生, 結弦 (18 March 2021).
2577:
2571:
2459:
2228:
2009:
1794:List of motion and gesture file formats
911:Academy Award for Best Animated Feature
909:Out of the three nominees for the 2006
14:
5484:Computer-related introductions in 1994
5471:
5096:
3203:3D reconstruction from multiple images
2368:
2201:
2183:"Pre-Street Fighter II Fighting Games"
2130:
1679:when compared to alternative sensors.
1602:
1542:
1191:
1082:During the filming of James Cameron's
722:) together with Real-Time Kinematics (
275:and using that information to animate
148:contains content that is written like
5396:Software related to augmented reality
4943:Simultaneous localization and mapping
4706:
3452:
3223:Simultaneous localization and mapping
3031:
2437:"Markerless Motion Capture | EuMotus"
2253:
1952:Yamane, Katsu, and Jessica Hodgins. "
1744:
1682:
1445:
1420:
1234:simultaneous localization and mapping
1101:on set to view the system in action.
878:The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
4613:Films with live action and animation
3478:
2942:
2922:"Motion Capture: Magnetic Systems".
2671:
1623:
1468:Emerging techniques and research in
559:adding citations to reliable sources
530:
465:adding citations to reliable sources
436:
364:adding citations to reliable sources
335:
259:of objects or people. It is used in
132:
70:
29:
4995:Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera
3057:
2651:"Motion Capture: Optical Systems".
2482:Plunkett, Luke (27 December 2013).
2460:Corriea, Alexa Ray (30 June 2014).
2441:Markerless Motion Capture | EuMotus
1636:
1607:
1241:Left-hand–right-hand activity chart
1038:
806:were created using motion capture.
24:
4969:Image-based modeling and rendering
3288:Automatic number-plate recognition
3015:The fascination for motion capture
2110:Jon Radoff, Anatomy of an MMORPG,
1790:(created by Microsoft Corporation)
1657:
1289:systems use markers coated with a
1265:
1249:
25:
5520:
5489:Audiovisual introductions in 2000
3705:Modern TV cable and streaming era
2984:
2943:Alba, Alejandro (November 2015).
2509:"Put your (digital) game face on"
2369:Savage, Annaliza (12 July 2012).
2160:
1396:Semi-passive imperceptible marker
864:Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within
799:The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
45:This article has multiple issues.
4681:
4672:
4671:
3293:Automated species identification
2717:IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
2254:Wawro, Alex (October 23, 2014).
2237:Maximum: The Video Game Magazine
1574:
1433:Underwater motion capture camera
1413:Underwater motion capture system
1320:
925:) used motion capture, and only
858:Sinbad: Beyond the Veil of Mists
535:
441:
432:
410:technique is an example of this.
340:
137:
75:
34:
3278:Audio-visual speech recognition
2961:
2936:
2881:
2850:
2801:
2751:
2708:
2665:
2644:
2609:
2596:
2501:
2475:
2453:
2429:
2415:
2390:
2362:
2344:
2324:
2300:
2275:
2247:
2220:. No. 158 (January 1995).
2175:
2154:
2104:
2083:
2062:
546:needs additional citations for
526:
452:needs additional citations for
351:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
3123:Recognition and categorization
2046:"Xsens MVN Animate – Products"
2022:
1959:
1946:
1933:
1889:
1830:
1355:Rise of the Planet of the Apes
792:. The Great Goblin, the three
601:
13:
1:
5411:Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK
4635:Most expensive animated films
4290:Direct manipulation animation
3941:Barrier-grid and stereography
3387:Optical character recognition
3318:Content-based image retrieval
2889:"A history of motion capture"
2312:Aerogram Magazine - 2021-2022
1824:
1496:created especially to enable
1463:
964:used motion capture to allow
331:
5447:List of PlayStation VR games
4840:Virtual reality applications
4181:Non-photorealistic rendering
2827:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.015
2471:– via www.polygon.com.
2150:. July 1995. pp. 28–29.
1864:10.1371/journal.pone.0050901
1368:Time modulated active marker
1093:his results that he invited
899:/ shooter video game called
7:
3813:International Animation Day
2283:"History of Motion Capture"
2171:. No. 133. p. 51.
2028:Cheung, German KM, et al. "
1998:Ben Child, 12 August 2011,
1760:
1714:Radio frequency positioning
1454:
1346:ILM used active markers in
825:video game of the same name
712:
101:the claims made and adding
10:
5525:
5509:Motion control photography
4805:Projection augmented model
4283:Linear Animation Generator
4186:Physically based animation
3283:Automatic image annotation
3118:Noise reduction techniques
2352:"Acclaim Stakes its Claim"
2241:Emap International Limited
1691:
1238:
1127:Game Developers Conference
958:digital character models.
5442:List of Oculus Rift games
5424:
5346:
5339:
5314:
5191:
5089:
5038:
5021:Omnidirectional treadmill
5008:
4990:Free viewpoint television
4977:
4959:Asynchronous reprojection
4951:
4920:
4865:
4858:
4795:On-set virtual production
4780:Computer-mediated reality
4775:Cinematic virtual reality
4767:
4741:
4667:
4536:
4465:
4338:
4263:
4213:
4119:
4071:
4052:
3974:
3931:
3924:
3872:Children's animated films
3821:
3719:
3602:
3494:
3487:
3435:
3248:Free viewpoint television
3184:
3151:
3065:
3005:Resources in your library
2779:10.1109/TVCG.2015.2510000
2729:10.1109/TCYB.2013.2275945
2628:10.1109/iasp.2012.6425069
2079:. March 1996. p. 37.
745:
5437:List of Meta Quest games
4845:Virtual reality sickness
3781:Animation film festivals
3313:Computer-aided diagnosis
2893:Xsens 3D motion tracking
2217:Computer and Video Games
2050:Xsens 3D motion tracking
2006:, Accessed June 21, 2014
1976:, Accessed June 21, 2014
1618:inertial guidance system
1494:Warner Brothers Pictures
1029:in The Netherlands, and
773:Pirates of the Caribbean
653:character models in the
643:Last Apostle Puppet Show
5504:Computing input devices
4912:Virtual retinal display
4900:Virtual reality headset
4603:Twelve basic principles
4523:Instructional animation
3375:Moving object detection
3365:Medical image computing
3128:Research infrastructure
3098:Image sensor technology
2602:Sturm, Jürgen, et al. "
1965:NY Castings, Joe Gatt,
1729:Non-traditional systems
982:The Walt Disney Company
913:, two of the nominees (
247:(sometimes referred as
5432:List of HTC Vive games
4825:Six degrees of freedom
4201:Virtual cinematography
3798:Highest-grossing films
3700:Early TV broadcast era
3412:Video content analysis
3380:Small object detection
3159:Computer stereo vision
2622:. IEEE. pp. 1–5.
2243:: 142–3. October 1995.
2113:"Anatomy of an MMORPG"
1819:VR positional tracking
1579:RGB-D cameras such as
1516:The Matrix Revolutions
1498:virtual cinematography
1478:University of Maryland
1442:
1434:
1392:
1377:
1330:
1283:
1275:
1209:
1201:
1130:2016 in San Francisco
1090:Autodesk MotionBuilder
645:(to animate digitized
594:
241:
233:
228:Motion capture of two
5281:The Sword of Damocles
5183:Windows Mixed Reality
4820:Simulation hypothesis
4518:Independent animation
4508:Educational animation
3417:Video motion analysis
3228:Structure from motion
3174:3D object recognition
2674:Space Science Reviews
1809:Motion History Images
1804:Motion-capture acting
1694:Facial motion capture
1688:Facial motion capture
1665:signal-to-noise ratio
1523:and the tracking the
1440:
1432:
1387:
1375:
1328:
1281:
1273:
1239:Further information:
1207:
1199:
673:Acclaim Entertainment
592:
239:
227:
169:neutral point of view
5499:3D computer graphics
5401:Virtual reality game
5046:Cyberith Virtualizer
4878:Head-mounted display
4498:Animated documentary
4330:Whiteboard animation
4223:Traditional puppetry
3867:Adult animated films
3776:Biologist simulators
3739:Animation department
3340:Foreground detection
3323:Reverse image search
3303:Bioimage informatics
3273:Activity recognition
1486:Max Planck Institute
679:'s 1995 arcade game
630:(performed by model
555:improve this article
461:improve this article
360:improve this article
4571:Character animation
4351:Character animation
3889:Children's animated
3407:Autonomous vehicles
3345:Gesture recognition
3208:2D to 3D conversion
2932:: 51. October 1995.
2686:1963SSRv....2..250V
2661:: 53. October 1995.
2187:Hardcore Gaming 101
2100:: 50. October 1995.
1855:2013PLoSO...850901G
1777:Gesture recognition
1704:performance capture
1648:alternating-current
1603:Non-optical systems
1543:Traditional systems
1510:The Matrix Reloaded
1505:digital look-alikes
1474:Stanford University
1329:Body motion capture
1208:Silhouette tracking
1192:Methods and systems
1050:providers, such as
996:ImageMovers Digital
754:creatures, such as
285:performance capture
279:models in 2D or 3D
161:promotional content
18:Performance capture
5494:Computer animation
5141:Microsoft HoloLens
4964:Foveated rendering
4598:Creature animation
4528:Virtual newscaster
4473:Abstract animation
4305:Ink-wash animation
4295:Humanoid animation
4278:Audio-Animatronics
3842:Lost or unfinished
3766:Animation database
3744:Animation director
3422:Video surveillance
3360:Landmark detection
3268:3D pose estimation
3253:Volumetric capture
3213:Gaussian splatting
3169:Object recognition
3083:Commercial systems
3020:2016-03-04 at the
2974:2020-01-13 at the
2814:Applied Ergonomics
2694:10.1007/BF00216781
2235:"Virtua Fighter".
2090:"Motion Capture".
1972:2014-07-03 at the
1920:10.1111/rssc.12276
1782:Inverse kinematics
1767:Animation database
1751:3D pose estimation
1745:3D pose estimation
1683:Related techniques
1492:, a subsidiary of
1446:Measurement volume
1443:
1435:
1421:Underwater cameras
1393:
1378:
1331:
1284:
1276:
1214:computer animation
1210:
1202:
1000:box office failure
892:studio, created a
595:
516:squash and stretch
396:computer animation
281:computer animation
242:
234:
163:and inappropriate
86:possibly contains
5466:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5335:
5334:
5109:Golden-i headsets
5034:
5033:
5026:Wearable computer
4830:Spatial computing
4746:Augmented reality
4700:
4699:
4461:
4460:
4388:Erasure animation
4209:
4208:
3951:Limited animation
3894:Computer-animated
3832:Computer-animated
3754:Animation studios
3715:
3714:
3446:
3445:
3355:Image restoration
3298:Augmented reality
3263:
3262:
3243:4D reconstruction
3195:3D reconstruction
3088:Feature detection
2991:Library resources
2967:Ye, Mao, et al. "
2773:(11): 2437–2450.
2637:978-1-4673-2546-2
2404:. 29 October 2017
1624:Mechanical motion
1537:facial expression
1490:ESC entertainment
1186:Waseda University
1070:clinical medicine
1048:Augmented reality
991:A Christmas Carol
961:The Polar Express
821:arcade video game
618:player characters
587:
586:
579:
493:
492:
485:
419:secondary motions
392:
391:
384:
277:digital character
225:
215:
214:
207:
197:
196:
189:
131:
130:
123:
88:original research
68:
16:(Redirected from
5516:
5369:virtual graffiti
5344:
5343:
5214:Google Cardboard
5104:Apple Vision Pro
5094:
5093:
5061:PlayStation Move
4985:360-degree video
4863:
4862:
4800:Persistent world
4734:Extended reality
4727:
4720:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4685:
4675:
4674:
4655:anime franchises
4630:Cartoon violence
4618:highest grossing
4513:Erotic animation
4488:Animated cartoon
4255:Supermarionation
4228:Digital puppetry
4149:Facial animation
4069:
4068:
3929:
3928:
3802:Opening weekends
3492:
3491:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3370:Object detection
3335:Face recognition
3218:Shape from focus
3191:
3190:
3078:Digital geometry
3052:
3045:
3038:
3029:
3028:
2979:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2919:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2895:. Archived from
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2863:. Archived from
2862:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2829:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2764:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2723:(5): 1357–1369.
2712:
2706:
2705:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2613:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2213:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2115:. Archived from
2108:
2102:
2101:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2042:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2013:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1913:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1834:
1673:machine learning
1637:Magnetic systems
1608:Inertial systems
1095:Steven Spielberg
1060:digital puppetry
1039:Movement Capture
699:Spyro the Dragon
668:Virtua Fighter 2
582:
575:
571:
568:
562:
539:
531:
488:
481:
477:
474:
468:
445:
437:
387:
380:
376:
373:
367:
344:
336:
226:
210:
203:
192:
185:
181:
178:
172:
150:an advertisement
141:
140:
133:
126:
119:
115:
112:
106:
103:inline citations
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5458:
5420:
5376:Meta Horizon OS
5364:Interactive art
5331:
5310:
5296:Virtual fixture
5266:Samsung Gear VR
5219:Google Daydream
5187:
5168:PlayStation VR2
5085:
5030:
5004:
4973:
4947:
4933:Finger tracking
4916:
4890:Head-up display
4854:
4763:
4752:Virtual reality
4737:
4731:
4701:
4696:
4663:
4625:Cartoon physics
4544:Animation music
4532:
4493:Animated sitcom
4483:Adult animation
4457:
4438:Special effects
4334:
4259:
4205:
4115:
4056:
4048:
3970:
3920:
3899:Direct-to-video
3817:
3711:
3598:
3483:
3477:
3447:
3442:
3431:
3402:Robotic mapping
3350:Image denoising
3259:
3180:
3147:
3113:Motion analysis
3061:
3059:Computer vision
3056:
3022:Wayback Machine
3011:
3010:
3009:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2982:
2976:Wayback Machine
2966:
2962:
2953:
2951:
2949:nydailynews.com
2941:
2937:
2925:Next Generation
2921:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2806:
2802:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2713:
2709:
2670:
2666:
2654:Next Generation
2650:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2515:. 24 April 2016
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2367:
2363:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2252:
2248:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2161:Mason, Graeme.
2159:
2155:
2146:. No. 82.
2139:
2138:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2093:Next Generation
2089:
2088:
2084:
2075:. No. 15.
2072:Next Generation
2068:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2027:
2023:
2014:
2010:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1974:Wayback Machine
1964:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1934:
1894:
1890:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1772:Finger tracking
1763:
1747:
1731:
1716:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1660:
1658:Stretch sensors
1639:
1626:
1610:
1605:
1577:
1545:
1470:computer vision
1466:
1457:
1448:
1423:
1415:
1398:
1370:
1323:
1291:retroreflective
1287:Passive optical
1268:
1266:Passive markers
1255:Optical systems
1252:
1250:Optical systems
1247:
1194:
1184:graduated from
1044:Virtual reality
1041:
1005:Mars Needs Moms
986:Robert Zemeckis
919:and the winner
786:, and Clu from
748:
715:
707:Dinosaur Planet
695:Insomniac Games
691:Crash Bandicoot
636:Magical Company
632:Corinne Russell
611:martial artists
604:
583:
572:
566:
563:
552:
540:
529:
489:
478:
472:
469:
458:
446:
435:
398:of a 3D model:
388:
377:
371:
368:
357:
345:
334:
321:camera tracking
289:motion tracking
217:
211:
200:
199:
198:
193:
182:
176:
173:
154:
142:
138:
127:
116:
110:
107:
92:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5522:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5479:Motion capture
5464:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5391:Pervasive game
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5261:PlayStation VR
5258:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5138:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
5000:VR photography
4997:
4992:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4921:3D interaction
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4755:
4749:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4730:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4707:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4679:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4554:Mickey Mousing
4551:
4540:
4538:
4537:Related topics
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4428:Straight ahead
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4408:Paint-on-glass
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4325:Squigglevision
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4300:Idle animation
4297:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4159:Motion capture
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4111:Onion skinning
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4066:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4007:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3980:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3966:Exposure sheet
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3884:Adult animated
3876:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:Feature-length
3834:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3690:The Golden Age
3687:
3681:United States
3679:
3677:United Kingdom
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3427:Video tracking
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3397:Remote sensing
3394:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3315:
3310:
3308:Blob detection
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3233:View synthesis
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3164:Motion capture
3161:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3008:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2996:Motion capture
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:External links
2983:
2981:
2980:
2960:
2935:
2909:
2880:
2849:
2800:
2750:
2707:
2680:(2): 250–296.
2664:
2643:
2636:
2608:
2595:
2570:
2548:
2526:
2500:
2474:
2452:
2428:
2414:
2402:That Moment In
2389:
2361:
2343:
2323:
2299:
2274:
2246:
2227:
2200:
2174:
2153:
2129:
2103:
2082:
2061:
2034:
2021:
2008:
1991:
1978:
1958:
1945:
1932:
1904:(5): 1147–76,
1888:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1814:Video tracking
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1746:
1743:
1730:
1727:
1715:
1712:
1692:Main article:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1659:
1656:
1652:direct-current
1638:
1635:
1625:
1622:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1576:
1573:
1544:
1541:
1521:7 camera setup
1502:photorealistic
1465:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1397:
1394:
1369:
1366:
1337:The TV series
1322:
1319:
1267:
1264:
1251:
1248:
1193:
1190:
1040:
1037:
1026:Cafe de Wereld
956:photorealistic
902:My Eyes On You
812:Batman Forever
780:from the film
747:
744:
714:
711:
662:Virtua Fighter
624:'s video game
603:
600:
585:
584:
543:
541:
534:
528:
525:
524:
523:
519:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
491:
490:
449:
447:
440:
434:
431:
430:
429:
426:
422:
415:
411:
390:
389:
348:
346:
339:
333:
330:
304:animation data
245:Motion capture
213:
212:
195:
194:
165:external links
145:
143:
136:
129:
128:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5521:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
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5453:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
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5427:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
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5389:
5387:
5384:
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5379:
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5370:
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5360:
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5338:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5286:VFX1 Headgear
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5255:
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5037:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4938:Pose tracking
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4850:Virtual world
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
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4803:
4801:
4798:
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4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4759:
4758:Mixed reality
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4735:
4728:
4723:
4721:
4716:
4714:
4709:
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4609:
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4577:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4549:Bouncing ball
4547:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
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4506:
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4454:
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4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4393:Hydrotechnics
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:Drawn-on-film
4381:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:Other methods
4337:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:Magic Lantern
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4243:Virtual human
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:hand tracking
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
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4087:
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4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3989:clay painting
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
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3923:
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3900:
3897:
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3877:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
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3840:
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3835:
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3830:
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3827:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:international
3784:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
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3764:
3760:
3757:
3756:
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3618:
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3609:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:United States
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
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3486:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3441:
3440:
3439:Main category
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:Pose tracking
3390:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
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3333:
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3328:
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3321:
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3311:
3309:
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3304:
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3299:
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3291:
3289:
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3284:
3281:
3279:
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3254:
3251:
3249:
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3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3175:
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3170:
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3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3139:
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3126:
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3121:
3119:
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3114:
3111:
3109:
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3099:
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3071:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2930:Imagine Media
2927:
2926:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2899:on 2019-01-22
2898:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2870:on 2013-04-04
2866:
2859:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2796:
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2761:
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2734:
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2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2659:Imagine Media
2656:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2605:
2599:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2559:(in Japanese)
2558:
2552:
2537:(in Japanese)
2536:
2530:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2463:
2456:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2418:
2403:
2399:
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2378:
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2372:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2289:on 2018-10-23
2288:
2284:
2278:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2210:
2204:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2134:
2119:on 2009-12-13
2118:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2098:Imagine Media
2095:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2077:Imagine Media
2074:
2073:
2065:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:(1): e50901.
1848:
1844:
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1820:
1817:
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1807:
1805:
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1674:
1670:
1666:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1634:
1632:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:sensor fusion
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:lazy learning
1588:
1586:
1582:
1575:RGB-D cameras
1572:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1452:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1321:Active marker
1318:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1242:
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1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:In 2020, the
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1145:Unreal Engine
1141:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:Gait analysis
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:Sprookjesboom
1016:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
987:
984:has produced
983:
979:
978:
973:
972:
967:
963:
962:
957:
952:
950:
949:
944:
940:
939:
934:
931:
928:
924:
923:
918:
917:
916:Monster House
912:
907:
905:
903:
898:
895:
891:
886:
884:
880:
879:
874:
872:
871:
866:
865:
860:
859:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:Jar Jar Binks
838:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:
807:
805:
801:
800:
795:
791:
790:
785:
784:
779:
775:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
743:
739:
737:
731:
729:
725:
721:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:
678:
674:
670:
669:
664:
663:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:
640:fighting game
638:'s 2D arcade
637:
633:
629:
628:
623:
619:
616:
612:
608:
599:
591:
581:
578:
570:
567:February 2013
560:
556:
550:
549:
544:This section
542:
538:
533:
532:
520:
517:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:
487:
484:
476:
473:February 2014
466:
462:
456:
455:
450:This section
448:
444:
439:
438:
433:Disadvantages
427:
423:
420:
416:
412:
409:
405:
401:
400:
399:
397:
386:
383:
375:
372:February 2014
365:
361:
355:
354:
349:This section
347:
343:
338:
337:
329:
325:
323:
322:
317:
311:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:entertainment
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
231:
209:
206:
191:
188:
180:
177:November 2023
170:
166:
162:
158:
152:
151:
146:This article
144:
135:
134:
125:
122:
114:
104:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
5322:Project Iris
5239:Oculus Quest
5229:Liquid Image
5224:Google Glass
5136:Meta Quest 3
5124:Meta Quest 2
5081:Wizdish ROVR
5071:Virtuix Omni
5056:Oculus Touch
4928:Eye tracking
4895:Smartglasses
4859:Technologies
4835:Telepresence
4650:anime series
4608:Motion comic
4477:visual music
4423:Pose to pose
4398:Inbetweening
4378:Chuckimation
4320:Shadowmation
4273:Animatronics
4174:eye tracking
4158:
4154:Morph target
4106:Multi-sketch
3857:Short series
3771:Art pipeline
3749:Story artist
3695:World War II
3564:South Africa
3437:
3330:Eye tracking
3186:Applications
3163:
3152:Technologies
3138:Segmentation
2995:
2963:
2952:. Retrieved
2948:
2938:
2923:
2901:. Retrieved
2897:the original
2892:
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2872:. Retrieved
2865:the original
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2291:. Retrieved
2287:the original
2277:
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2259:
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2186:
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2121:. Retrieved
2117:the original
2106:
2091:
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2070:
2064:
2053:. Retrieved
2049:
2024:
2011:
2000:The Guardian
1999:
1994:
1981:
1961:
1948:
1935:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1748:
1739:
1735:hamster ball
1732:
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1703:
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1697:
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1661:
1640:
1627:
1611:
1589:
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1557:
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1550:
1546:
1525:optical flow
1514:
1508:
1507:for filming
1500:, including
1467:
1458:
1449:
1424:
1416:
1407:
1399:
1379:
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1347:
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1340:Stargate SG1
1338:
1336:
1332:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1254:
1253:
1211:
1182:Yuzuru Hanyu
1176:
1169:
1165:
1162:Cubic Motion
1161:
1155:
1151:Ninja Theory
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1116:
1107:The Avengers
1105:
1104:In Marvel's
1103:
1099:George Lucas
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1042:
1030:
1024:
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897:third-person
887:
876:
875:
870:Total Recall
868:
862:
856:
843:, played by
834:
833:
817:Warner Bros.
810:
808:
797:
794:Stone-trolls
789:Tron: Legacy
787:
782:
771:
749:
740:
732:
716:
680:
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660:
658:arcade games
642:
625:
605:
596:
573:
564:
553:Please help
548:verification
545:
527:Applications
479:
470:
459:Please help
454:verification
451:
393:
378:
369:
358:Please help
353:verification
350:
326:
319:
316:match moving
315:
312:
303:
297:
293:match moving
288:
284:
273:human actors
252:
248:
244:
243:
201:
183:
174:
159:by removing
155:Please help
147:
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44:
5291:Virtual Boy
5244:Oculus Rift
5178:Vuzix Blade
5173:Valve Index
5076:Wired glove
5066:Razer Hydra
5051:Leap Motion
5039:Peripherals
5016:Haptic suit
4978:Photography
4576:model sheet
4433:Rubber hose
4356:model sheet
4134:Cel shading
3976:Stop motion
3961:Rotoscoping
3933:Traditional
3862:Stop-motion
3808:Outsourcing
3569:South Korea
3549:Philippines
3544:North Korea
3238:Visual hull
3133:Researchers
2820:: 562–569.
2588:2 September
2563:2 September
2541:2 September
2513:fxguide.com
2193:26 November
2189:. p. 8
2168:Retro Gamer
1565:controllers
1349:Van Helsing
1259:triangulate
1226:video games
1035:in the UK.
1017:in Canada,
948:Ratatouille
883:Andy Serkis
687:Naughty Dog
665:(1993) and
607:Video games
602:Video Games
308:rotoscoping
5473:Categories
5315:Unreleased
5301:Virtuality
5276:SixthSense
5119:Magic Leap
4815:Room-scale
4581:walk cycle
4448:Syncro-Vox
4361:walk cycle
4265:Mechanical
4191:Procedural
4091:PowerPoint
4044:Puppetoons
4039:Pixilation
4004:silhouette
3993:strata-cut
3984:Claymation
3925:Techniques
3914:Television
3685:Silent Era
3617:Bangladesh
3612:Azerbaijan
3499:Bangladesh
3488:By country
3108:Morphology
3066:Categories
2954:2019-12-09
2903:2019-01-22
2874:2013-04-03
2488:kotaku.com
2446:2018-10-12
2408:2022-09-24
2382:29 January
2337:Play Meter
2317:2023-09-18
2293:2013-08-10
2222:Future plc
2123:2009-11-30
2055:2019-01-22
1911:1606.03295
1825:References
1799:Motiongram
1484:, and the
1464:Markerless
1245:Kinematics
1218:television
1133:Epic Games
922:Happy Feet
845:Ahmed Best
831:graphics.
768:Davy Jones
655:Sega Model
425:deadlines.
332:Advantages
157:improve it
95:improve it
50:improve it
5359:ARToolKit
5271:Sensorama
5234:Oculus Go
4810:Real life
4790:Metaverse
4785:Immersion
4591:off-model
4561:Key frame
4418:Pixel art
4413:Pinscreen
4371:off-model
4315:Scanimate
4233:Machinima
4032:Brickfilm
4020:go motion
3946:Flip book
3480:Animation
2795:216076607
2702:121533715
2519:4 January
2493:4 January
2467:4 January
2267:18 August
2261:Gamasutra
1755:depth map
1669:filtering
1650:(AC) and
1139:Hellblade
1032:Headcases
966:Tom Hanks
890:Ukrainian
809:The film
764:King Kong
760:The Mummy
682:Soul Edge
408:Hand Over
404:animation
111:June 2013
99:verifying
56:talk page
5406:visionOS
5340:Software
5209:EyePhone
5114:HTC Vive
4952:Software
4768:Concepts
4677:Category
4586:lip sync
4466:Variants
4453:Zoetrope
4403:Morphing
4366:lip sync
4346:Blocking
4238:Aniforms
4215:Puppetry
4196:Skeletal
4063:timeline
4054:Computer
3909:Internet
3791:regional
3727:Animator
3720:Industry
3584:Thailand
3554:Portugal
3534:Malaysia
3143:Software
3103:Learning
3093:Geometry
3073:Datasets
3018:Archived
2972:Archived
2844:13658487
2836:27823772
2787:26701789
2745:14124193
2737:23981562
1970:Archived
1928:88515233
1883:23300946
1843:PLOS ONE
1761:See also
1597:Gaussian
1455:Tailored
1311:velcroed
1299:Gaussian
1157:3Lateral
1112:the Hulk
1056:Gestigon
1014:Laflaque
945:'s film
894:neo-noir
853:American
713:Robotics
261:military
257:movement
230:pianists
5347:General
5327:Sega VR
5097:Current
5090:Devices
4883:optical
4866:Display
4692:Outline
4059:history
4010:Graphic
3956:Masking
3847:Package
3672:Ukraine
3642:Hungary
3604:History
3594:Vietnam
3559:Romania
3519:Estonia
3514:Czechia
2682:Bibcode
2143:GamePro
1874:3536780
1851:Bibcode
1677:latency
1633:input.
1533:gesture
1527:of all
1402:Prakash
1166:IKinema
1124:During
1118:FaceRig
971:Beowulf
847:), and
647:sprites
622:Martech
522:motion.
93:Please
5386:OpenXR
5381:OpenVR
5354:ARCore
5254:Rift S
5204:castAR
5192:Former
5158:PICO 4
4873:EyeTap
4687:Portal
4248:Live2D
4164:facial
4129:T-pose
4027:Object
4000:Cutout
3879:Series
3828:Films
3667:Russia
3637:France
3627:Canada
3622:Brazil
3579:Taiwan
3539:Mexico
3504:Bhutan
3482:topics
2993:about
2928:(10).
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2657:(10).
2634:
2356:RePlay
2096:(10).
1926:
1881:
1871:
1788:Kinect
1631:haptic
1585:voxels
1581:Kinect
1529:pixels
1476:, the
1224:, and
1222:cinema
1085:Avatar
977:Avatar
927:Disney
849:Indian
829:sprite
802:, and
783:Avatar
776:, the
756:Gollum
746:Movies
701:, and
634:) and
414:actor.
406:. The
269:sports
249:mo-cap
5425:Games
5416:WebXR
5199:AntVR
5163:Pimax
5009:Other
4503:Anime
4144:Crowd
4086:Flash
4015:Model
3904:Flash
3852:Short
3822:Works
3662:Korea
3657:Japan
3647:India
3632:China
3574:Spain
3529:Japan
3524:India
3509:China
2868:(PDF)
2861:(PDF)
2840:S2CID
2791:S2CID
2763:(PDF)
2741:S2CID
2698:S2CID
2376:Wired
2239:(1).
2212:(PDF)
1924:S2CID
1906:arXiv
1720:radar
1171:Xsens
1052:uSens
943:Pixar
933:Pixar
855:film
804:Smaug
778:Na'vi
770:from
677:Namco
627:Vixen
253:mocap
5306:VR-1
5153:OSVR
4905:list
4760:(MR)
4754:(VR)
4748:(AR)
4736:(XR)
4443:Sand
4081:2.5D
3759:List
3732:List
3652:Iran
2832:PMID
2783:PMID
2733:PMID
2632:ISBN
2590:2023
2565:2023
2543:2023
2521:2017
2495:2017
2469:2017
2384:2017
2269:2016
2195:2021
1879:PMID
1644:6DOF
1595:and
1535:and
1513:and
1243:and
1216:for
1168:and
1097:and
1054:and
1046:and
1023:and
938:Cars
720:GNSS
703:Rare
5452:VR2
5249:CV1
5129:Pro
4566:Cel
4139:CGI
4101:CSS
4096:SVG
2822:doi
2775:doi
2725:doi
2690:doi
2624:doi
2148:IDG
1916:doi
1869:PMC
1859:doi
1749:In
1671:or
1482:MIT
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1002:of
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736:UAS
728:ROS
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