468:, the US government conducted registration of tribal members in order to make individual allotments of land to heads of families. They believed that encouraging subsistence agriculture was the way to bring the tribal members into European-American practices. It also enabled them to break up the communal culture and make land available for sale to whites. At the same time, they forced tribal governments to dismantle before Oklahoma was admitted as a state. The Peoria lost much of their land in these transactions and suffered with the pressure to give up their culture. For decades, the
45:
457:, the US broke up communal lands in Indian Territory to speed assimilation and make more land available for sale to non-Indians. Allotments were made to enrolled heads of households over the next few years, to extinguish Indian claims and enable the territories to be admitted as a state. In 1907, after admission of Oklahoma, any "surplus" land as determined by the US in former Confederated Peoria territory was transferred to Ottawa County, which could sell it.
272:
996:
230:). Originally it meant, "Comes carrying a pack on his back." No native speakers of the Peoria language survive. The Peoria Language was revitalized in August 2022 by a 10-week online course offered by the tribe. Along with the Miami language, a smaller number of historic members of the Peoria tribe of Oklahoma once spoke related Algonquian languages of Cahokia, Moingwea, and Tamaroa.
475:
The federal government changed its approach during the
President Franklin D. Roosevelt administration, after realizing the adverse effects of those actions. In 1934 it passed a law encouraging federally recognized tribes (generally those who had been on reservations) to reorganize their governments,
426:
also joined, having merged with the Wea and
Piankashaw in the later part of the 18th century. In 1851, an Indian agent reported that the Peoria and the Kaskaskia, along with their allies, had intermarried among themselves and among white people to such an extent that they had practically lost their
487:
to end its special relationship with tribes that it believed were ready to be independent. It terminated the Peoria tribal government, which lost federal recognition in 1959. Tribal members objected and began the process to regain federal recognition, because it provided important education and
258:
and operate their own housing authority. The tribe owns one casino and the Peoria Ridge Golf Course. The estimated annual economic impact of the tribe in the area is $ 60 million. Tribal businesses, the Peoria Gaming Center, Buffalo Run Casino and Hotel, and Joe's
Outback are all located in
370:
In 1818, after the United States (US) had taken over former
British territory east of the Mississippi following their gaining independence, they pressed the Peoria to sign the Treaty of Edwardsville, which provided for the cession of Peoria lands in Illinois to the US. The US pressed for
698:
Upon being removed from their ancestral lands in the late 1 the
Kaskaskia, Peoria and Wea tribes all found a new home in Ste Genevieve before being removed to Miami County, Kansas in the early 1800s
246:, in the northeast corner of the state. Of the 3,713 enrolled tribal members, some 777 live within the state of Oklahoma. Craig Harper is the tribe's elected Chief, and is serving a four-year term.
606:
In 1873, only 55 members of the
Confederated Peoria chose to become citizens of Kansas (and the US) in order to remain on their own land in that state. They identified with their tribal culture.
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from areas desired by
European-American settlers, who kept pushing west, and President Andrew Jackson signed the act of that name in 1830. By the 1832 Treaty of Lewisville, the Peoria ceded
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After 1763 France ceded its
Illinois Country and other territories east of the Mississippi River to the British, who had defeated them in the
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occurred in their historic territory but is named for the town, as the tribe had migrated to
Missouri before this conflict occurred.
438:, most of the confederated tribe signed the 1867 Omnibus Treaty. By this means, the US federally government purchased land from the
431:. The treaty also provided for opening the Peoria-Kaskaskia and the Wea-Piankashaw reserves in Kansas to settlement by non-Indians.
480:
was passed in 1939. Under that, the
Confederated Peoria reorganized and re-established its historical form of council government.
634:
450:. Congress enacted a law to unite the Miami tribe, then also in Kansas, and assign them to lands with the Confederated Peoria.
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were founded in that era by French colonists from east of the river who did not want to live under British Protestant rule.
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tribes formed a confederacy under the Peoria name. The confederation included the last members and descendants of the
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tribe and relocated the majority of the Confederated Peoria tribe onto a 72,000 acres (290 km) reservation in
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encouraging a constitutional, representative model similar to that of the US and states. Similarly, the
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welfare benefits. They achieved federal recognition in 1978. The Miami tribe was never 'terminated'.
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identities. An 1854 treaty recognized this as a factual union and classified these groups as the
355:. Like many of the French colonists in villages in this area, the Peoria migrated southwest into
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and intertribal wars in new areas of resource competition. In 1849, remnant members of the
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Inoca Ethnohistory Project: Eye Witness Descriptions of the Contact Generation, 1667–1700
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appointed tribal chiefs, who previously had been selected by hereditary roles.
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Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture.
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943:"Peoria. One of the five principal tribes of the Illinois Confederacy"
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After 1763, when the British took over those lands following victory in the
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Simpson, Linda. "The Tribes of the Illinois Confederacy." May 6, 2006.
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During the 1950s, the US government changed policies again, promoting
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with remnants of related tribes and were assigned land in present-day
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and corresponding French terms, nearly 600 pages and 20,000 entries.
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tribes, who had assimilated with the Peoria many year before. The
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are named after the tribe that traditionally lived in that area.
507:, are also enrolled in the Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma.
1334:
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and some U.S. Navy ships were named after the town in Illinois.
439:
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302:. The Peoria are related to, and partially descended from, the
192:
903:
Tribes of the Illinois/Missouri Region at First Contact (1673)
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896:
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The Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma is headquartered in
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727:. ‘’Peoria Language Course.’’ 2023 (retrieved 2 Jan 2023)
500:
403:
134:
632:
2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory.
211:
in which these two dialects are mutually intelligible.
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tribes encountered by early French explorers, Father
222:, or name for themselves in the Illinois language,
1391:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1372:
682:"Culture - Peoria Tribe Of Indians of Oklahoma"
978:
570:(b. 1939), Shawnee/Peoria artist and educator
168:. The Peoria Tribe were located east of the
876:House, Office of the Law Revision Counsel.
860:
858:
856:
854:
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754:Oklahoma Indian Casinos: Casinos by Tribes.
387:, which was then part of Indian Territory.
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971:
275:Peoria moccasins, ca. 1860, collection of
43:
242:. Their tribal jurisdictional area is in
164:The Peoria people are descendants of the
908:"The Tribes of The Illinois Confederacy"
847:
738:"Status of Indian Languages in Oklahoma"
714:Access Genealogy: Indian Tribal Records.
552:
270:
825:Kaskaskia Illinois-to-French Dictionary
561:(1873–1941), founder and leader of the
390:The tribe suffered from introduced new
249:
14:
1373:
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191:, which was primarily occupied by the
966:
830:International Journal of Lexicography
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792:
664:"Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma"
627:
625:
623:
576:(1925-2012), Peoria/Shawnee ballerina
218:, also Peouaroua, derives from their
920:The History of Chief Baptiste Peoria
832:, 17(3):325–327, accessed 1 Mar 2010
784:Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma.
198:
65:Regions with significant populations
897:Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
828:, Saint Louis: Carl Masthay, 2002,
762:
668:Southern Plains Tribal Health Board
647:
642:Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission.
541:, are named directly for the tribe.
155:Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
38:Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
24:
1411:Native American tribes in Oklahoma
1406:Native American tribes in Missouri
1396:Native American tribes in Illinois
1300:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo)
879:United States Code 2006, Volume 15
789:
620:
203:The Peoria speak a dialect of the
25:
1437:
890:
150:people. They are enrolled in the
1401:Native American tribes in Kansas
994:
842:Illinois Indian History Timeline
644:2011: 26. Retrieved 24 Jan 2012.
313:The Peoria were one of the many
870:
835:
816:
600:
949:New International Encyclopedia
747:
730:
719:
703:
674:
503:, who were all members of the
379:lands in exchange for land in
13:
1:
742:Intertribal Wordpath Society.
613:
233:
710:Peoria Indian Tribal History
510:
332:converted tribal members to
7:
916:, Google Cultural Institute
867:Accessed November 27, 2016.
813:2009 (retrieved 8 Feb 2009)
786:2007 (retrieved 8 Feb 2009)
759:2009 (retrieved 8 Feb 2009)
744:2009 (retrieved 8 Feb 2009)
716:2009 (retrieved 8 Feb 2009)
580:
563:Society of American Indians
478:Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act
254:The Peoria issue their own
10:
1442:
823:"Review" of Carl Masthay,
306:, not to be confused with
266:
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914:Peoria Historical Society
546:other places named Peoria
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29:Native American ethnicity
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470:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1416:Ottawa County, Oklahoma
1265:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)
844:, Illinois State Museum
448:Ottawa County, Oklahoma
277:Oklahoma History Center
205:Miami–Illinois language
189:Ottawa County, Oklahoma
1426:Illinois Confederation
1001:Native American tribes
927:"Peoria Indians"
806:Vaugh-Roberson, Glen.
736:Anderton, Alice, PhD.
559:Charles Edwin Dagenett
520:, and the surrounding
446:, part of present-day
279:
263:, their tribal lands.
226:(modern pronunciation
166:Illinois Confederation
933:Catholic Encyclopedia
553:Notable Peoria people
274:
121:Related ethnic groups
1381:Algonquian ethnonyms
1295:Mescalero-Chiricahua
1050:Cheyenne and Arapaho
505:Illinois Confederacy
250:Economic development
152:federally recognized
116:Indigenous religions
959:, restricted access
568:Ruthe Blalock Jones
491:Descendants of the
453:In 1893, under the
429:Confederated Peoria
392:infectious diseases
256:tribal vehicle tags
209:Algonquian language
39:
1386:Algonquian peoples
1065:Citizen Potawatomi
899:, official website
779:2009-03-07 at the
637:2012-04-24 at the
485:Indian termination
466:Curtis Act of 1898
357:Missouri Territory
280:
49:Peoria tribal flag
37:
1368:
1367:
1290:Hitchiti-Mikasuki
1030:Alabama-Quassarte
670:. April 10, 2017.
334:Roman Catholicism
319:Jacques Marquette
199:Language and name
172:and north of the
170:Mississippi River
157:headquartered in
140:
139:
112:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
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1220:Tribal languages
1200:United Keetoowah
1130:Muscogee (Creek)
1090:Fort Sill Apache
1025:Absentee Shawnee
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688:on July 25, 2021
684:. Archived from
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574:Moscelyne Larkin
539:Peoria, Oklahoma
518:Peoria, Illinois
444:Indian Territory
359:. For instance,
353:Seven Years' War
185:Indian Territory
181:Seven Years' War
55:Total population
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282:The Peoria are
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757:500 Nations.
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690:. Retrieved
686:the original
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516:The city of
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108:Christianity
34:Ethnic group
31:
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18:Peoria tribe
1170:Sac and Fox
692:January 16,
385:Osage River
224:peewaareewa
94:, formerly
77:, formerly
1375:Categories
1330:Potawatomi
1015:recognized
910:, Rootsweb
614:References
529:Peoria War
493:Piankeshaw
460:Under the
434:After the
416:Michigamea
400:Piankeshaw
398:, Peoria,
342:dictionary
336:. Father
284:Algonquian
234:Government
174:Ohio River
131:Piankeshaw
1260:Chickasaw
1210:Wyandotte
1055:Chickasaw
1013:Federally
511:Namesakes
497:Kaskaskia
462:Dawes Act
455:Dawes Act
436:Civil War
424:Pepikokia
412:Moingwena
396:Kaskaskia
383:near the
365:St. Louis
325:. French
228:peewaalia
214:The name
127:Kaskaskia
86:Languages
1305:Muscogee
1280:Delaware
1275:Comanche
1255:Cheyenne
1250:Cherokee
1175:Seminole
1110:Kickapoo
1105:Kialegee
1070:Comanche
1045:Cherokee
1005:Oklahoma
777:Archived
774:History.
635:Archived
587:Sagamite
581:See also
377:Missouri
346:Illinois
315:Illinois
300:Missouri
296:Michigan
288:Illinois
102:Religion
79:Illinois
75:Oklahoma
1355:Wyandot
1350:Wichita
1345:Shawnee
1285:Koasati
1270:Choctaw
1235:Arapaho
1230:Alabama
1205:Wichita
1195:Tonkawa
1185:Shawnee
1060:Choctaw
952:. 1905.
936:. 1913.
808:Peoria.
420:Tamaroa
408:Cahokia
267:History
220:autonym
92:English
1340:Seneca
1335:Quapaw
1320:Pawnee
1315:Ottawa
1245:Cayuga
1165:Quapaw
1155:Peoria
1150:Pawnee
1145:Ottawa
1035:Apache
1017:tribes
537:, and
499:, and
440:Quapaw
402:, and
381:Kansas
327:Jesuit
298:, and
216:Peoria
193:Quapaw
146:are a
144:Peoria
133:, and
1360:Yuchi
1325:Ponca
1310:Osage
1240:Caddo
1160:Ponca
1135:Osage
1125:Modoc
1120:Miami
1115:Kiowa
1040:Caddo
594:Notes
544:Many
60:3,713
1095:Iowa
694:2022
527:The
464:and
418:and
363:and
321:and
292:Ohio
142:The
1100:Kaw
1003:in
501:Wea
404:Wea
135:Wea
1377::
946:.
930:.
849:^
791:^
764:^
740:,
712:.
696:.
666:.
649:^
622:^
495:,
414:,
410:,
310:.
294:,
290:,
195:.
161:.
129:,
114:),
986:e
979:t
972:v
881:.
110:(
81:)
73:(
20:)
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