100:
565:
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457:, left a small detachment of four officers and 50 men at Kaskaskia as an effort to retain British control over the Illinois Country. Captain Hugh Lord, of the 18th Foot, was the last British commander in Illinois. The detachment of the 18th Foot was ordered to Detroit in May 1776 and never returned to Illinois. Lord's detachment was garrisoned in the former Jesuit compound at Kaskaskia. The post was called
397:
in the United States), the
Kaskaskia and other Illinois tribes were greatly in decline. Early French explorers had estimated their original population from 6,000 to more than 20,000. By the end of the war, their numbers were a fraction of that. Contemporary historians believe the greatest fatalities
31:
267:
who have settled there and married Indian women." Of 21 children whose birth and baptism was recorded in
Kaskaskia before 1714, 18 mothers were Indian and 20 fathers were French. The offspring of these mixed marriages could become either French or Indian. Because Indian communities were larger and
256:
In 1707, the population of the community was estimated at 2,200, the majority of them
Illinois Indians who lived somewhat apart. A visitor, writing of Kaskaskia about 1715, said that the village consisted of 400 Illinois men, "very good people," two
388:
in 1719. The fate of the
Kaskaskia, and the rest of the Illiniwek/Illinois, was irrevocably tied up with that of France. Until their dissolution in France, French Jesuits built missions and ministered to the Kaskaskia. By 1763 and the end of the
198:(now a State Historic Site, also known as the Zimmerman site). The land controlled by the allied Illinois groups extended north from modern Arkansas, through Eastern Missouri and most of Illinois, and west into
453:
at
Kaskaskia. From 1766 through 1772, this rotating detachment was around 25 men under a junior officer, detached from Fort de Chartres. In May 1772, when the British abandoned Fort de Chartres, the
253:(Santo Domingo) to work in the lead mines. From its beginning, Kaskaskia was a French/Native American settlement, consisting of a few French men and numerous Kaskaskia and other Illinois Indians.
276:
son for living "among the savage nations." The settlement of
Kaskaskia thus had a large population of mixed French and Indigenous ancestry, many of whom worked for fur companies based out of
127:. The record of their trip is the earliest, best record of contact between Europeans and the Illinois Indians. Marquette and Jolliet, with five other men, left the mission of
442:, which brought the wrath of the Great Lakes tribes against the Kaskaskia and other Illinois tribes. (Some historians question this legendary retaliation; see the article on
523:. This is already seen in Gravier's early-18th century Illinois dictionary, where for the word "caskaskia", he gives "cigale. item nation Ilinoise, les Kaskaskias".
103:
Map of the
Several Villages in the Illinois Country with Part of the River Mississippi, by Thomas Hutchins, 1851, showing "Kaskaskias Village" near Fort Chartres.
488:
959:
752:
414:
The causes of decline are many and varied. The
Illinois made war with their French allies against the most formidable native nations: to the east, the
50:
446:.) The Ottawa, Sauk, Fox, Miami, Kickapoo and Potawatomi devastated the Illiniwek and occupied their old tribal range along the Illinois River.
934:
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438:. Added to combat losses were the great losses due to epidemics of European diseases. In 1769, a Peoria warrior killed
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more complete, they tended to be reared with their mothers and their people and culture. One devout
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380:; the Spanish were alarmed at their commercial reach. French goals stimulated the expedition of
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687:
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423:
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156:
140:
753:"Inoca Ethnohistory Project: Eye Witness Descriptions of the Contact Generation, 1673 -1700"
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Inoca
Ethnohistory Project: Eye Witness Descriptions of the Contact Generation, 1667 - 1700
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483:, visited Kaskaskia during his grand tour of the United States, just after having visited
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662:, carries the name of Jean Baptiste DuQuoin (sometimes DuQuoigne), a notable Kaskaskia
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country. The French wanted to trade with all the prairie tribes, and beyond with the
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They began their return trip from the
Michigamea village about July 17, following the
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in two bark canoes on May 17. To reach the Mississippi River, they travelled across
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Male descendants of the French, Indians, and mixed bloods at Kaskaskia became the
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side of the river. Kaskaskia became the capital of Upper Louisiana, and a larger
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116:
841:
French Roots in the Illinois Country: The Mississippi Frontier in Colonial Times
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region. Their first contact with Europeans reportedly occurred near present-day
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eastward to Lake Michigan rather than taking the more northern route along the
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148:
735:
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S.M. Baule, The 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot, NWTA Courier, July 1997.
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714:
641:, is named for the native nation once settled throughout its estuarial plain.
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443:
439:
280:(a city created later, in 1764, by French traders and settlers who came from
136:
120:
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Costa, David J. 2000. "Miami-Illinois Tribe Names", In John Nichols, ed.,
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In 1703, the French established a permanent mission, settlement and fort (
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66:
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273:
223:
172:
517:. This name later appeared in the modern Peoria and Miami dialects as
237:
French settlers moved in to farm and to exploit the lead mines on the
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In 1766, the British arrived and established a small detachment from
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152:
58:
30:
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297:
755:. Champaign, Illinois: Center For Social Research, Parkland College
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431:
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19:
This article is about the tribe. For the village in Illinois, see
491:), as a salute to two towns which were part of the former French
16:
Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands of North America
258:
108:
74:
419:
249:. In the same year, the French imported African slaves from
226:
colonization of North America., which was part of the French
750:
199:
194:, across from Starved Rock, they met the Kaskaskia at the
532:
852:
Barkwell, Lawrence, Leah Dorion and Darren Préfontaine.
123:
became the first Europeans known to have descended the
854:"The Metis Homeland: Its Settlements and Communities".
843:, Chicage: University of Illinois Press, 2000: 153-154
489:
Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States
625:
The name and term "Kaskaskia" lives on in Illinois:
518:
512:
147:. Descending the Mississippi, in June, they met the
461:only after Fort de Chartres was abandoned in 1772.
830:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1988, 107
531:The descendants of the Kaskaskia, along with the
495:which was acquired by the United States in 1803.
969:
922:Papers of the Thirty-first Algonquian Conference
51:indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
924:, pp. 30-53. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba.
828:Bourgmont, Explorer of the Missouri, 1698-1725
637:in central Illinois, and whose mouth is near
933:House, Office of the Law Revision Counsel.
593:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
326:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
503:The name 'Kaskaskia' derives from the old
751:Stelle, Lenville J.; et al. (2005).
613:Learn how and when to remove this message
346:Learn how and when to remove this message
245:was built in 1718, nearby North close to
65:. Their longstanding homeland was in the
736:"Illinois Indians and French Colonists."
287:
98:
29:
865:See the work of Emily Blasingham, M.A.
477:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
402:, to which the Native Americans had no
272:full-blooded Indian woman disowned her
261:missionaries, and "about twenty French
83:
35:Illinois Indian of the Kaskaskia Tribe,
970:
384:to establish trade relations with the
209:
171:. They met another Illinois band, the
37:engraving based on drawing by General
159:/Hagerman Site near the mouth of the
88:
897:"Fort Kaskaskia State Historic Site"
672:, was the first capital of Illinois.
591:adding citations to reliable sources
558:
324:adding citations to reliable sources
291:
541:Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
455:18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot
398:during this period were due to new
13:
1003:Native American tribes in Oklahoma
998:Native American tribes in Illinois
936:United States Code 2006, Volume 15
368:who would explore and exploit the
216:Fort Kaskaskia State Historic Site
14:
1024:
947:
774:Kaskaskia Under the French Regime
472:captured the town and Fort Gage.
53:. They were one of about a dozen
778:libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu.
563:
296:
175:, when they reached present-day
95:Jesuit missions in North America
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914:
889:
878:
792:nps.gov Retrieved Apr 14, 2010
206:was named after the Moingwena.
859:
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783:
767:
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1:
956:, Oklahoma Historical Society
721:
717:, second governor of Illinois
677:Kaskaskia Baptist Association
393:in North America (called the
196:Grand Village of the Illinois
739:Illinois Periodicals Online.
633:, whose headwaters are near
554:
498:
464:On July 4, 1778, during the
230:, later made part of French
7:
697:
39:Georges-Henri-Victor Collot
10:
1029:
711:, author of the dictionary
545:federally recognized tribe
481:American Revolutionary War
466:American Revolutionary War
409:
92:
25:Kaskaskia (disambiguation)
18:
856:PDF. Sixth edition, 2012.
803:"Charles Claude Du Tisne"
155:bands of Illinois at the
526:
418:; to the northwest, the
192:LaSalle County, Illinois
190:. Near modern Utica in
57:tribes that made up the
666:of their later history.
519:
513:
382:Claude Charles Du Tisne
139:into Green Bay, up the
59:Illiniwek Confederation
993:Illinois Confederation
741:Retrieved 14 Dec 2013.
704:Illinois confederation
539:, are enrolled in the
485:Saint Louis (Missouri)
232:Louisiana (New France)
104:
63:Illinois Confederation
42:
23:. For other uses, see
639:Ellis Grove, Illinois
479:, French hero of the
395:French and Indian War
288:French and Indian War
102:
93:Further information:
33:
978:Algonquian ethnonyms
960:Lenville J. Stelle,
780:Retrieved 2024-01-18
587:improve this section
426:; to the south, the
320:improve this section
84:Post-contact history
71:Green Bay, Wisconsin
670:Kaskaskia, Illinois
649:Centralia, Illinois
470:George Rogers Clark
434:; to the west, the
400:infectious diseases
278:St. Louis, Missouri
220:Kaskaskia, Illinois
210:New France missions
21:Kaskaskia, Illinois
988:Great Lakes tribes
983:Algonquian peoples
867:Indiana University
734:Warren, Robert E.
683:, uses their name.
222:, a part of their
105:
89:European explorers
61:, also called the
43:
693:carries the name.
660:DuQuoin, Illinois
645:Kaskaskia College
623:
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365:coureurs des bois
356:
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247:Prairie du Rocher
125:Mississippi River
113:Jacques Marquette
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899:. Archived from
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681:Patoka, Illinois
647:is located near
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475:End April 1824,
451:Fort de Chartres
391:Seven Years' War
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243:Fort de Chartres
228:Illinois Country
161:Des Moines River
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511:, phonetically
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188:Wisconsin River
167:, northeastern
145:Wisconsin River
133:Michilimackinac
117:French-Canadian
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78:mission station
73:, in 1667 at a
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603:December 2013
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572:This section
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1013:Peoria tribe
961:
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916:
905:. Retrieved
901:the original
891:
880:
872:Ethnohistory
870:
861:
848:
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822:
810:. Retrieved
806:
797:
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769:
757:. Retrieved
746:
738:
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689:
658:The city of
624:
609:
600:
585:Please help
573:
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318:Please help
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165:Clark County
106:
46:
44:
34:
651:, in rural
520:kaahkaahkia
514:kaaskaaskia
507:word for a
282:New Orleans
67:Great Lakes
1008:New France
972:Categories
907:2010-01-11
722:References
537:Piankeshaw
378:New Mexico
376:colony in
274:half-breed
224:New France
204:Des Moines
173:Michigamea
129:St. Ignace
954:Kaskaskia
759:April 14,
690:Kaskaskia
664:chieftain
635:Champaign
574:does not
555:Namesakes
499:Etymology
493:Louisiana
459:Fort Gage
428:Chickasaw
360:voyageurs
307:does not
264:voyageurs
153:Moingwena
141:Fox River
119:explorer
107:In 1673,
47:Kaskaskia
875:journal)
698:See also
549:Oklahoma
432:Cherokee
422:and the
416:Iroquois
404:immunity
239:Missouri
202:, where
177:Arkansas
169:Missouri
812:Apr 14,
595:removed
580:sources
509:katydid
444:Pontiac
440:Pontiac
410:Decline
374:Spanish
328:removed
313:sources
111:Father
55:cognate
259:Jesuit
149:Peoria
109:Jesuit
75:Jesuit
41:, 1796
527:Today
420:Sioux
218:) at
814:2010
761:2010
688:USS
686:The
675:The
629:The
578:any
576:cite
543:, a
535:and
430:and
362:and
311:any
309:cite
200:Iowa
157:Haas
151:and
115:and
45:The
589:by
547:in
533:Wea
424:Fox
322:by
284:).
163:in
131:at
974::
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