40:
Proving that a virus has no causative role can be difficult. Although none of the following signs is definitive, evidence that a virus found in diseased tissue might be passenger only rather than a causative agent includes:
123:"Inhibition of lymphocyte trapping by a passenger virus in murine ascitic tumors: characterization of lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV) as the inhibitory component and analysis of the mechanism of inhibition"
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Mphahlele MJ, Lau GK, Carman WF (June 1998). "HGV: the identification, biology and prevalence of an orphan virus".
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Duesberg P, Rasnick D (1998). "The AIDS dilemma: drug diseases blamed on a passenger virus".
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are possible examples in humans. It has also been suggested that a virus related to
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Metzler AE (January 1991). "The malignant catarrhal fever complex".
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injection of the virus into healthy animals without causing disease;
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that is frequently found in samples from diseased tissue, such as
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the absence of the virus at the earliest stages of the disease;
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is a passenger virus that, unlike AHV1 itself, does not cause
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Comparative
Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
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28:, but is not a contributing factor in causing the
289:Cohen J (1994-12-09). "The Duesberg phenomenon".
207:"Is Chandipura virus an emerging human pathogen?"
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36:Experimental demonstration of passenger status
59:with no effect on the course of the disease.
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205:Potharaju NR, Potharaju AK (March 2006).
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121:Mongini PK, Rosenberg LT (January 1976).
72:, which is often found in mouse tumours.
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184:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1998.tb00142.x
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51:curing the viral infection using
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68:A well-established example is
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268:10.1016/0147-9571(91)90125-W
96:is a passenger virus in the
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70:lactate dehydrogenase virus
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82:Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1
354:10.1023/A:1003405220186
311:10.1126/science.7992043
223:10.1136/adc.2005.074708
139:10.1084/jem.143.1.100
303:1994Sci...266.1642C
297:(5191): 1642–1644.
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92:posits that
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127:J. Exp. Med
57:vaccination
108:References
74:GB virus C
319:0036-8075
390:Virology
384:Category
370:30201649
362:10220905
342:Genetica
241:16492900
98:etiology
64:Examples
327:7992043
299:Bibcode
291:Science
276:1934998
232:2065945
192:9716223
157:1244415
148:2190100
30:disease
26:tumours
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366:S2CID
172:Liver
22:virus
20:is a
358:PMID
323:PMID
315:ISSN
272:PMID
237:PMID
188:PMID
153:PMID
102:AIDS
76:and
350:doi
346:104
307:doi
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227:PMC
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94:HIV
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