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899:(ITMOs). The agreement recognizes the rights of parties to use emissions reductions outside of their own borders toward their NDC, in a system of carbon accounting and trading. This provision requires the "linkage" of carbon emissions trading systems – because measured emissions reductions must avoid "double counting", transferred mitigation outcomes must be recorded as a gain of emission units for one party and a reduction of emission units for the other, a so called "corresponding adjustment". Because the NDCs, and domestic carbon trading schemes, are heterogeneous, the ITMOs will provide a format for global linkage under the auspices of the UNFCCC. The provision thus also creates a pressure for countries to adopt emissions management systems – if a country wants to use more cost-effective cooperative approaches to achieve their NDCs, they will have to monitor carbon units for their economies.
599:
557:
1334:, established two years earlier during COP19 and set to expire in 2016, categorizes loss and damage as a subset of adaptation, which was unpopular with many countries. It is recognized as a separate pillar of the Paris Agreement. The United States argued against this, possibly worried that classifying the issue as separate from adaptation would create yet another climate finance provision. In the end, the agreement calls for "averting, minimizing, and addressing loss and damage" but specifies that it cannot be used as the basis for liability. The agreement adopts the Warsaw Mechanism, an institution that will attempt to address questions about how to classify, address, and share responsibility for loss.
412:
1255:
1216:
requirements of the agreement, and are on track to achieve a 4°C warming of the planet if current policies are implemented more widely. Of the world's countries, only the Gambia's emissions are at the level required by the Paris
Agreement. Models predicted that if the necessary measures were not implemented by autumn 2021, the global average temperature would rise by 2.9°C. With the implementation of the Paris Agreement pledges, the average temperature would rise by 2.4°C, and with every zero emission target reached, the average temperature would rise by 2.0°C.
1125:
1525:
1567:
5032:
1204:
1513:, a former NASA scientist and leading climate change expert, voiced anger that most of the agreement consists of "promises" or aims and not firm commitments and called the Paris talks a fraud with "no action, just promises". Criticism of the agreement from those arguing against climate action has been diffuse, which may be due to the weakness of the agreement. This type of criticism typically focuses on national sovereignty and ineffectiveness of international action.
1553:
1192:
8794:
7780:
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576:(according to a list produced in 2015) ratify or otherwise join the treaty. Alternative ways to join the treaty are acceptance, approval or accession. The first two are typically used when a head of state is not necessary to bind a country to a treaty, whereas the latter typically happens when a country joins a treaty already in force. After ratification by the European Union, the agreement obtained enough parties to enter into effect on 4 November 2016.
224:
8806:
7804:
7792:
6231:
55:
1539:
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485:
757:. This structure is especially notable for the United States—because there are no legal mitigation or finance targets, the agreement is considered an "executive agreement rather than a treaty". Because the UNFCCC treaty of 1992 received the consent of the US Senate, this new agreement does not require further legislation.
1390:, which was raised against the Netherlands' government after it had reduced its planned emissions reductions goal for 2030 prior to the Paris Agreement. After an initial ruling against the government in 2015 that required it to maintain its planned reduction, the decision was upheld on appeals through the
1369:
Flexibility can be incorporated into the enhanced transparency framework via the scope, level of detail, or frequency of reporting, tiered based on a country's capacity. The requirement for in-country technical reviews could be lifted for some less developed or small island developing countries. Ways
1235:
it was 2.4–2.6°C and if all countries will fulfill their long-term pledges 1.7–2.1 °C. However, the world remains very far from limiting warming to 1.5 degrees. To meet this benchmark, global emissions must peak by 2025, and although emissions have peaked in some countries, global emissions have not.
1167:
to likely meet the 2°C upper target of the Paris
Agreement, that the probabilities of major emitters meeting their NDCs without such an increase is very low. It estimated that with current trends the probability of staying below 2 °C of warming is 5% – and 26% if NDCs were met and continued post-2030
855:
The stocktake works as part of the Paris
Agreement's effort to create a "ratcheting up" of ambition in emissions cuts. Because analysts agreed in 2014 that the NDCs would not limit rising temperatures below 2 °C, the global stocktake reconvenes parties to assess how their new NDCs must evolve so
579:
Both the EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris
Agreement. A strong preference was reported that the EU and its 28 member states ratify at the same time to ensure that they do not engage themselves to fulfilling obligations that strictly belong to the other, and
367:
World leaders have lauded the agreement. However, some environmentalists and analysts have criticized it, saying it is not strict enough. There is debate about the effectiveness of the agreement. While pledges under the Paris
Agreement are insufficient for reaching the set temperature goals, there is
1148:
With initial pledges by countries inadequate, faster and more expensive future mitigation would be needed to still reach the targets. Furthermore, there is a gap between pledges by countries in their NDCs and implementation of these pledges; one third of the emission gap between the lowest-costs and
1132:
The effectiveness of the Paris
Agreement to reach its climate goals is under debate, with most experts saying it is insufficient for its more ambitious goal of keeping global temperature rise under 1.5°C. Many of the exact provisions of the Paris Agreement have yet to be straightened out, so that it
1015:
The SDM is set to largely resemble the Clean
Development Mechanism, with the dual goal of contributing to global GHG emissions reductions and supporting sustainable development. Though the structure and processes governing the SDM are not yet determined, certain similarities and differences from the
389:(a) Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change;
1094:
There are barriers to implementing the agreement. Some countries struggle to attract the finance necessary for investments in decarbonization. Climate finance is fragmented, further complicating investments. Another issue is the lack of capabilities in government and other institutions to implement
827:
While the NDCs themselves are not binding, the procedures surrounding them are. These procedures include the obligation to prepare, communicate and maintain successive NDCs, set a new one every five years, and provide information about the implementation. There is no mechanism to force a country to
686:
that the United States, the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases after China, intended to withdraw from the Paris
Agreement as soon as it was eligible to do so. The notice of withdrawal could not be submitted until the agreement was in force for three years for the US, on 4 November 2019. The
514:
Negotiations in Paris took place over a two-week span, and continued throughout the three final nights. Various drafts and proposals had been debated and streamlined in the preceding year. According to one commentator two ways in which the French increased the likelihood of success were: firstly to
1008:–6.7 establish a mechanism "to contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gases and support sustainable development". Though there is no official name for the mechanism as yet, it has been referred to as the Sustainable Development Mechanism or SDM. The SDM is considered to be the successor to the
552:
to the agreement without signing. It binds parties to not act in contravention of the goal of the treaty. On 1 April 2016, the United States and China, which represent almost 40% of global emissions confirmed they would sign the Paris
Climate Agreement. The agreement was signed by 175 parties (174
451:
reductions for a limited set of countries from 2008 to 2012. The protocol was extended until 2020 with the Doha
Amendment in 2012. The United States decided not to ratify the Protocol, mainly because of its legally-binding nature. This, and distributional conflict, led to failures of subsequent
1348:
The parties are legally bound to have their progress tracked by technical expert review to assess achievement toward the NDC and to determine ways to strengthen ambition. Article 13 of the Paris Agreement articulates an "enhanced transparency framework for action and support" that establishes
823:
and transparency. Some of the pledges in the NDCs are unconditional, but others are conditional on outside factors such as getting finance and technical support, the ambition from other parties or the details of rules of the Paris Agreement that are yet to be set. Most NDCs have a conditional
522:
The negotiations almost failed because of a single word when the US legal team realized at the last minute that "shall" had been approved, rather than "should", meaning that developed countries would have been legally obliged to cut emissions: the French solved the problem by changing it as a
1285:
In 2015, twenty Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and members of the International Development Finance Club introduced five principles to maintain widespread climate action in their investments: commitment to climate strategies, managing climate risks, promoting climate smart objectives,
1273:
Though both mitigation and adaptation require increased climate financing, adaptation has typically received lower levels of support and has mobilized less action from the private sector. A report by the OECD found that 16% of global climate finance was directed toward climate adaptation in
1215:
In September 2021, the Climate Action Tracker estimated that, with current policies, global emissions will double above the 2030 target level. The gap is 20-23 Gt CO2e. Countries such as Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and Thailand have been criticised of not doing enough to meet the
1356:
While the enhanced transparency framework is universal, the framework is meant to provide "built-in flexibility" to distinguish between developed and developing countries' capacities. The Paris Agreement has provisions for an enhanced framework for capacity building, recognizes the varying
1035:
received more focus in Paris negotiations than in previous climate treaties. Collective, long-term adaptation goals are included in the agreement, and countries must report on their adaptation actions, making it a parallel component with mitigation. The adaptation goals focus on enhancing
1155:
found that as of 2017 none of the major industrialized nations were implementing the policies they had pledged, and none met their pledged emission reduction targets, and even if they had, the sum of all member pledges (as of 2016) would not keep global temperature rise "well below 2°C".
1361:
figures to the UNFCCC by 2024 and every two years after that. Developed countries submit their first BTR in 2022 and inventories annually from that year. The agreement also develops a Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency to assist developing countries in building the necessary
543:
The Paris Agreement was open for signature by states and regional economic integration organizations that are parties to the UNFCCC (the convention) from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York. Signing of the agreement is the first step towards
1230:
In September 2023 the first global stocktake report about the implementation of the agreement was released. According to the report contrarily to expectations, the agreement has a significant effect: while in 2010 the expected temperature rise by 2100 was 3.7–4.8 °C, at
764:, richer countries with a historical responsibility for climate change, and non-Annex-I countries, but this division is blurred in the Paris Agreement as all parties are required to submit emissions reduction plans. The Paris Agreement still emphasizes the principle of
748:
mechanism allows nations to set their own nationally determined contributions (NDCs), rather than having targets imposed top down. Unlike its predecessor, the Kyoto Protocol, which sets commitment targets that have legal force, the Paris Agreement, with its emphasis on
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said that "Even if we meet every target, we will only get to part of where we need to go." He also stated "this agreement will help delay or avoid some of the worst consequences of climate change will help other nations ratchet down their emissions over time."
1023:
The Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol was criticized for failing to produce either meaningful emissions reductions or sustainable development benefits in most instances. and for its complexity. It is possible that the SDM will see difficulties.
875:
that parties can take in achieving their nationally determined carbon emissions reductions. In doing so, it helps establish the Paris Agreement as a framework for a global carbon market. Article 6 is the only important part of the agreement yet to be resolved;
523:"typographical error". At the conclusion of COP21 (the 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties), on 12 December 2015, the final wording of the Paris Agreement was adopted by consensus by the 195 UNFCCC participating member states and the European Union.
496:
6026:
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it was 2.4–2.6°C and if all countries will fulfill their long-term pledges even 1.7–2.1 °C. Despite it, the world is still very far from reaching the aim of the agreement: limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees. For doing this, emissions must peak by 2025.
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2013–2014, compared to 77% for mitigation. The Paris Agreement called for a balance of climate finance between adaptation and mitigation, and specifically increasing adaptation support for parties most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including
493:
495:
1297:, and the launching of a Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) Initiative. The largest donors to multilateral climate funds, which includes the Green Climate Fund, are the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, France and Sweden.
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719:
The Paris Agreement is a short agreement with 16 introductory paragraphs and 29 articles. It contains procedural articles (covering, for example, the criteria for its entry into force) and operational articles (covering, for example, mitigation,
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that they continually reflect a country's "highest possible ambition". While ratcheting up the ambition of NDCs is a major aim of the global stocktake, it assesses efforts beyond mitigation. The five-year reviews will also evaluate adaptation,
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489:
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800:(NDCs). Article 3 requires NDCs to be "ambitious efforts" towards "achieving the purpose of this Agreement" and to "represent a progression over time". The contributions should be set every five years and are to be registered by the
753:, allows for voluntary and nationally determined targets. The specific climate goals are thus politically encouraged, rather than legally bound. Only the processes governing the reporting and review of these goals are mandated under
1425:. The court ruled that it must cut its global emissions by 45% from 2019 levels by 2030, as it was in violation of human rights. This lawsuit was considered the first major application of the Paris Agreement towards a corporation.
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circumstances of countries, and notes that the technical expert review for each country consider that country's specific capacity for reporting. Parties to the agreement send their first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR), and
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The aim of the agreement, as described in Article 2, is to have a stronger response to the danger of climate change; it seeks to enhance the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change through:
1508:
and analysts reacted cautiously, acknowledging the "spirit of Paris" in bringing together countries, but expressing less optimism about the pace of climate mitigation and how much the agreement could do for poorer countries.
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and finance). It is a binding agreement, but many of its articles do not imply obligations or are there to facilitate international collaboration. It covers most greenhouse gas emissions, but does not apply to international
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in a resolution "(A/HRC/50/L.10/Rev.1) on Human rights and climate change, adopted without a vote" called to ratify and implement the agreement and emphasized the link between stopping climate change and the right to food.
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1463:
officially recognized that "Climate change threatens the effective enjoyment of a range of human rights including those to life, water and sanitation, food, health, housing, self-determination, culture and development."
768: – the acknowledgement that different nations have different capacities and duties to climate action – but it does not provide a specific division between developed and developing nations.
4970:
Roelfsema, Mark; van Soest, Heleen L.; Harmsen, Mathijs; van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Bertram, Christoph; den Elzen, Michel; Höhne, Niklas; Iacobuta, Gabriela; Krey, Volker; Kriegler, Elmar; Luderer, Gunnar (29 April 2020).
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signed an executive order on his first day in office, 20 January 2021, to re-admit the United States into the Paris Agreement. Following the 30-day period set by Article 21.3, the U.S. was readmitted to the agreement.
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6018:
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1270:, which is a part of the UNFCCC, but also for a variety of other public and private pledges. The Paris Agreement states that a new commitment of at least $ 100 billion per year has to be agreed before 2025.
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measures from 2020. The platform had a mandate to be informed by the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC and the work of the subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC. The resulting agreement was to be adopted in 2015.
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1072:. In a report released in 2022 the IPCC promotes the need for innovation and technological changes in combination with consumption and production behavioral changes to meet Paris Agreement objectives.
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Scenarios of global greenhouse gas emissions. If all countries achieve their current Paris Agreement pledges, average warming by 2100 would still exceed the maximum 2°C target set by the agreement.
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to grow rapidly. Emissions are being reduced rapidly in the electricity sector, but not in the building, transport and heating sector. Some industries are difficult to decarbonize, and for those
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in 2018 was seen as an example for the global stocktake. After a year of discussion, a report was published and there was a call for action, but countries did not increase ambition afterwards.
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5845:(Report). Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and Centre for Climate Change, Economics and Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science. p. 24.
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4767:"Implementation of General Assembly resolution 73/333, entitled "Follow-up to the report of the ad hoc open-ended working group established pursuant to General Assembly resolution 72/277""
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1402:°C temperature target of the Paris Agreement provided part of the judgement's legal basis. The agreement, whose goals are enshrined in German law, also formed part of the argumentation in
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by 2020, and agreed to continue mobilising finance at this level until 2025. The money is for supporting mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. It includes finance for the
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The Paris Agreement does not prescribe the exact nature of the NDCs. At a minimum, they should contain mitigation provisions, but they may also contain pledges on adaptation, finance,
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So far, as the only country who wants to buy ITMOs, Switzerland has signed deals regarding ITMO tradings with Peru, Ghana, Senegal, Georgia, Dominica, Vanuatu, Thailand and Ukraine.
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1353:(MRV) requirements. Both developed and developing nations must report every two years on their mitigation efforts, and all parties will be subject to technical and peer review.
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and adaptation, even though they feature prominently in the Paris Agreement. The literature available is mostly mixed in its conclusions about loss and damage, and adaptation.
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indicated they had wanted to object to the adoption as they denounced the weakness of the agreement, but were not given a chance. In the agreement the members promised to
39:
664:. Notice can be given no earlier than three years after the agreement goes into force for the country. Withdrawal is effective one year after the depositary is notified.
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levels. The treaty also states that preferably the limit of the increase should only be 1.5 °C (2.7 °F). The lower the temperature increase, the smaller the
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It is not possible to adapt to all effects of climate change: even in the case of optimal adaptation, severe damage may still occur. The Paris Agreement recognizes
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1137:), with the current climate commitments of the Paris Agreement, global mean temperatures will likely rise by more than 3°C by the end of the 21st century. Newer
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U.S. government deposited the notification with the Secretary General of the United Nations and officially withdrew one year later on 4 November 2020. President
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international climate negotiations. The 2009 negotiations were intended to produce a successor treaty of Kyoto, but the negotiations collapsed and the resulting
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4651:"Climate and development: enhancing impact through stronger linkages in the implementation of the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)"
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848:, which assesses progress, with the first evaluation in 2023. The outcome is to be used as input for new nationally determined contributions of parties. The
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states and the European Union) on the first day it was opened for signature. As of March 2021, 194 states and the European Union have signed the agreement.
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The treaty aims to help countries adapt to climate change effects, and mobilize enough finance. Under the agreement, each country must determine, plan, and
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On June 4, 2024, the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) commenced in Dubai with renewed calls for amplified efforts towards climate action.
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improving climate performance and accounting for their own actions. As of January 2020, the number of members abiding by these principles grew to 44.
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1282:. The agreement also reminds parties of the importance of public grants, because adaptation measures receive less investment from the public sector.
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United Nations/ Framework Convention on Climate Change (2015) Adoption of the Paris Agreement, 21st Conference of the Parties, Paris: United Nations
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According to the stocktake report, the agreement has a significant effect: while in 2010 the expected temperature rise by 2100 was 3.7–4.8 °C, at
808:. Countries can cooperate and pool their nationally determined contributions. The Intended Nationally Determined Contributions pledged during the
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5935:"Human Rights Council Adopts Nine Resolutions – Extends Mandates on Eritrea, Internally Displaced Persons, and Violence Against Women and Girls"
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341:, the distinction between developed and developing countries is blurred, so that the latter also have to submit plans for emission reductions
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might delay the Paris pact. However, the EU deposited its instruments of ratification on 5 October 2016, along with seven EU member states.
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is one of the first international treaties on the topic. It stipulates that parties should meet regularly to address climate change, at the
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2729:"Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement (Article 21)"
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5230:"Country-based rate of emissions reductions should increase by 80% beyond nationally determined contributions to meet the 2 °C target"
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3578:"Country-based rate of emissions reductions should increase by 80% beyond nationally determined contributions to meet the 2 °C target"
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and the Least Developed Countries, whose economies and livelihoods are most vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change. The
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Under the Paris Agreement, countries must increase their ambition every five years. To facilitate this, the agreement established the
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Countries determine themselves what contributions they should make to achieve the aims of the treaty. As such, these plans are called
519:(INDCs) were completed before the start of the negotiations, and secondly to invite leaders just for the beginning of the conference.
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Clean Development Mechanisms have become clear. A key difference is that the SDM will be available to all parties as opposed to only
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there were fears by observers that disagreement over each member state's share of the EU-wide reduction target, as well as Britain's
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Another key difference between the Paris Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol is their scope. The Kyoto Protocol differentiated between
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The Accord did lay the framework for bottom-up approach of the Paris Agreement. Under the leadership of UNFCCC executive secretary
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5115:; Fransen, Taryn; Fekete, Hanna; Winkler, Harald; Schaeffer, Roberto; Sha, Fu; Riahi, Keywan; Meinshausen, Malte (30 June 2016).
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UNFCCC.int – Draft CMA decision on guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Art. 6, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement
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Victor, David G.; Akimoto, Keigo; Kaya, Yoichi; Yamaguchi, Mitsutsune; Cullenward, Danny; Hepburn, Cameron (3 August 2017).
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399:(c) Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.
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1867:"Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change – 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius"
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The Paris Agreement has become a focal point of climate change litigation. One of the first major cases in this area was
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738:
468:
6752:
5601:
2835:
2145:"The Nexus between International Law and Science: An Analysis of Scientific Expert Bodies in Multilateral Treaty-Making"
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Roberts, J. Timmons; Weikmans, Romain; Robinson, Stacy-ann; Ciplet, David; Khan, Mizan; Falzon, Danielle (March 2021).
5362:
4349:
Marcu, Andrei (2016). "Governance of Carbon Markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement". In Stavins, Robert (ed.).
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1080:
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349:
323:
30:
This article is about the 2015 climate accords. For the 1954 conferences to determine the status of West Germany, see
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Article 6 has been flagged as containing some of the key provisions of the Paris Agreement. Broadly, it outlines the
5335:"Technical dialogue of the first global stocktake Synthesis report by the co-facilitators on the technical dialogue"
2194:
572:
The agreement would enter into force (and thus become fully effective) if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of
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11267:
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11042:
10877:
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10622:
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6904:
6849:
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4624:
3446:
1343:
1327:
1108:
330:
1103:
is often not transferred to countries or places that need it. In December 2020, the former chair of the COP 21,
699:
took part in virtual events, saying that the US would "earn its way back" into legitimacy in the Paris process.
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11412:
11247:
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10662:
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10258:
10208:
9620:
9539:
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
9444:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
9431:
8587:
8485:
8020:
7633:
6917:
6674:
5728:"Putting the 'enhanced transparency framework' into action: Priorities for a key pillar of the Paris Agreement"
1279:
1171:
As of 2020, there is little scientific literature on the topics of the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement on
809:
5309:
4169:
1079:°C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This is an aggregate of each country's
884:. A mechanism, the "corresponding adjustment", was established to avoid double counting for emission offsets.
11587:
11492:
11487:
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11302:
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10732:
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9598:
8831:
8810:
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8582:
7743:
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6810:
5310:"World isn't moving fast enough to cut pollution and keep warming below 2 degrees Celsius, UN scorecard says"
3794:
3759:
3693:
3079:
2366:
833:
2804:
1451:". According to the ruling of the court in Brazil it should "supersede national law". In the same month the
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8567:
7835:
7726:
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6927:
6922:
6827:
6704:
6261:
4766:
1012:, a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol by which parties could collaboratively pursue emissions reductions.
322:°C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This figure takes into account each
9088:
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11092:
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11032:
10972:
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10546:
9794:
9574:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
9217:
9076:
8875:
8675:
8607:
7983:
6937:
6790:
1323:
for low-lying islands. Previous climate agreements classified loss and damage as a subset of adaptation.
1009:
660:
Article 28 enables parties to withdraw from the agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the
35:
1060:
of the global economy. Implementation also requires fossil fuel burning to be cut back and the share of
11617:
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11502:
11462:
11427:
11372:
11337:
11292:
11252:
11232:
11227:
11157:
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7877:
7796:
7560:
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7320:
7093:
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6869:
5409:
4710:
4478:"The Carbon Markets of Tomorrow: Taking Shape Today". Ecosystem Market Place. Retrieved 24 October 2016
3496:
3413:
1604:
1448:
1199:
emissions in China and the rest of the world have surpassed the output of the United States and Europe.
619:
299:
4110:"Catalyzing mitigation ambition under the Paris Agreement: elements for an effective Global Stocktake"
3736:
3438:
3292:
1734:
1149:
actual reductions in emissions would be closed by implementing existing pledges. A pair of studies in
836:, the former U.N. assistant secretary-general on climate change, stated, a "name and encourage" plan.
360:
ratified the agreement, sufficient countries had ratified the agreement responsible for enough of the
153:
Ratification and accession by 55 UNFCCC parties, accounting for 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions
11497:
11317:
11282:
11262:
11152:
11087:
11027:
11022:
10907:
10827:
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9137:
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7340:
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6832:
6795:
6545:
6314:
6309:
6304:
5188:
2964:
1379:
1275:
1133:
may be too early to judge effectiveness. According to the 2020 United Nations Environment Programme (
1111:. The latter would define the environmental rights and duties of states, individuals and businesses.
1032:
750:
721:
472:
403:
Countries furthermore aim to reach "global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible."
373:
307:
260:
256:
7180:
5881:
5334:
2310:
GHG and Carbon Accounting, Auditing, Management & Training | Greenhouse Gas Management Institute
10597:
9599:
on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
9122:
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8065:
7675:
7670:
7660:
7601:
7441:
6947:
6912:
6805:
6732:
6573:
6402:
6338:
6299:
6019:"Paris COP21: Recognition of "common but differentiated responsibilities" key achievement of India"
5876:
5116:
2660:
1358:
635:
361:
311:
4655:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
3028:
804:. Each further ambition should be more ambitious than the previous one, known as the principle of
706:
welcomed the return of the United States as restoring the "missing link that weakened the whole".
396:
and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production;
10536:
9933:
9568:
9356:
9012:
8929:
8798:
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8225:
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7828:
7784:
7706:
7616:
7358:
7330:
7010:
6669:
6647:
6254:
5786:
2589:
Voigt, Christina (2017). "Institutional Arrangements and Final Clauses". In Klein, Daniel (ed.).
812:
are converted to NDCs when a country ratifies the Paris Agreement, unless they submit an update.
638:, have ratified or acceded to the agreement. The only countries which have not ratified are some
603:
532:
411:
4737:"Laurent Fabius: 'Le vrai antidote au réchauffement, c'est l'application de l'Accord de Paris '"
2728:
1394:
in 2019, ruling that the Dutch government failed to uphold human rights under Dutch law and the
1370:
to assess capacity include financial and human resources in a country necessary for NDC review.
1107:, argued that the implementation of the Paris Agreement could be bolstered by the adoption of a
227:
10587:
10480:
9943:
9882:
9865:
9773:
9479:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
8961:
8824:
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8592:
8547:
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8086:
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6932:
6578:
6524:
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6509:
6504:
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1289:
Some specific outcomes of the elevated attention to adaptation financing in Paris include the
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8715:
8660:
8617:
8500:
8475:
8440:
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7772:
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7295:
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6563:
6486:
6241:
4973:"Taking stock of national climate policies to evaluate implementation of the Paris Agreement"
3829:
1580:
1530:
1440:
1326:
The push to address loss and damage as a distinct issue in the Paris Agreement came from the
1258:
Pledges to the Green Climate Fund in 2018. The numbers represent the signed pledges per year.
1227:
in 2030 (including 240% more coal, 57% more oil and 71% more gas) than the 1.5 degree limit.
1160:
437:
303:
4281:"In-depth Q&A: How 'Article 6' carbon markets could 'make or break' the Paris Agreement"
1695:
1163:
model concluded that the rates of emissions reductions would have to increase by 80% beyond
9875:
9724:
9483:
9335:
9026:
8680:
8650:
8602:
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6725:
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5478:
5241:
5131:
5064:
4984:
4934:
4814:
4662:
4241:"Market Mechanisms in the Paris Climate Agreement: International Linkage under Article 6.2"
4121:
3589:
3338:
2409:
2398:"Latin America in the climate change negotiations: Exploring the AILAC and ALBA coalitions"
2397:
1874:
679:
5292:
5036:
5031:
3793:
Taibi, Fatima-Zahra; Konrad, Susanne; Bois von Kursk, Olivier (2020). Sharma, Anju (ed.).
3758:
Taibi, Fatima-Zahra; Konrad, Susanne; Bois von Kursk, Olivier (2020). Sharma, Anju (ed.).
3692:
Taibi, Fatima-Zahra; Konrad, Susanne; Bois von Kursk, Olivier (2020). Sharma, Anju (ed.).
3640:
2519:
1997:
1473:
8:
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9632:
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8495:
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7628:
7403:
6637:
6632:
5197:
4801:
Raiser, Kilian; Kornek, Ulrike; Flachsland, Christian; Lamb, William F (19 August 2020).
4039:
3115:
1873:. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 12 December 2015. Archived from
1481:
1053:
1052:
The Paris Agreement is implemented via national policy. It would involve improvements to
816:
611:
460:
9038:
5482:
5435:
5245:
5135:
5068:
4988:
4818:
4667:
4191:
4125:
3911:
3593:
3342:
3199:"Biden plans 17 executive orders on student loans, wearing masks and more. See the list"
2413:
2113:
2031:
703:
392:(b) Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster
283:(UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement. Of the three UNFCCC member states which have not
9928:
9652:
9165:
8923:
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8557:
8552:
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8025:
7456:
7388:
7305:
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7120:
7077:
7072:
7067:
6642:
5272:
5229:
5193:"The world has the right climate goals – but the wrong ambition levels to achieve them"
5155:
5090:
5015:
4972:
4914:
4687:
4650:
4147:
3620:
3577:
3372:
3167:
3049:"Trump administration delivers notice U.S. intends to withdraw from Paris climate deal"
2885:
2641:
2425:
2172:
1267:
1262:
Developed countries reaffirmed the commitment to mobilize $ 100 billion a year in
1249:
1124:
1100:
1061:
1041:
528:
393:
315:
9489:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
2460:"The Paris agreement five years on: Is it strong enough to avert climate catastrophe?"
9734:
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4888:
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4534:
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3849:
3625:
3607:
3559:"Paris climate talks: Differentiation of developed and developing stays, India happy"
3500:
3417:
3376:
3364:
3171:
3159:
3143:
2914:
2889:
2429:
2223:
2176:
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1172:
1037:
828:
set a NDC target by a specific date, nor to meet their targets. There will be only a
820:
754:
745:
730:
453:
9484:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
1496:. When the agreement achieved the required signatures in October 2016, US President
1087:
emissions would need to be cut to zero, and total greenhouse gases would need to be
744:
The Paris Agreement has been described as having a bottom-up structure, as its core
9948:
9594:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
8690:
8562:
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8430:
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1331:
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845:
369:
334:
31:
9454:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
4134:
4109:
3350:
2661:"'Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord"
786:
Probability that countries achieve their Paris Agreement Goals according to their
622:
314:
should be reduced as soon as, and by as much as, possible. They should even reach
298:
The Paris Agreement has a long-term temperature goal which is to keep the rise in
9538:
9251:
9064:
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8060:
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6397:
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6277:
6148:"James Hansen, father of climate change awareness, calls Paris talks 'a fraud'"
5491:
5466:
5254:
5225:
5117:"Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2°C"
4997:
4827:
4802:
4739:[The true antidote to warming is the application of the Paris Accord].
3602:
3488:
3405:
3155:
1592:
1488:, called the agreement "balanced and long-lasting", and India's prime minister
1485:
1320:
1104:
829:
683:
615:
501:
448:
444:
357:
338:
252:
48:
Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
8945:
5803:
4075:
Höhne, Niklas; Louise, Jeffery; Nilsson, Anna; Fekete, Hanna (November 2019).
2881:
2637:"Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly"
2191:"UNFCCC:Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP)"
2157:
2144:
1838:
10576:
9341:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
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7978:
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4836:
4143:
3853:
3611:
3368:
2055:
1544:
1489:
607:
353:
337:, but each target should go beyond previous targets. In contrast to the 1997
9190:
5905:"Brazil's High Court First to Declare Paris Agreement a Human Rights Treaty"
3459:
2047:
1607: – Interaction of societies and governments with current climate change
9763:
9719:
9708:
9233:
9153:
9060:
8728:
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7596:
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7037:
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6481:
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5086:
5024:
4696:
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4418:
eda.admin.ch: Switzerland and Ghana sign an agreement on climate protection
3629:
3163:
3111:"Trump makes it official: U.S. will withdraw from the Paris climate accord"
2999:"On the Possibility to Withdraw from the Paris Agreement: A Short Overview"
2455:
1939:
1789:
1572:
1510:
1497:
1434:
1290:
1224:
1203:
545:
433:
284:
8888:
5960:
4602:"What Does the Paris Agreement Mean for Climate Resilience and Adaptation"
4108:
Hermwille, Lukas; Siemons, Anne; Förster, Hannah; Jeffery, Louise (2019).
2560:"Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal"
1254:
10495:
9768:
9758:
9100:
9052:
9022:
9006:
8311:
8306:
8271:
8134:
7623:
7140:
7132:
6392:
3439:"The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics"
2190:
2032:"The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics"
1477:
1363:
268:
9265:
Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture
6050:"Paris climate deal provides 'best chance we have' of saving the planet"
5661:"Explainer: Dealing with the 'loss and damage' caused by climate change"
5383:
5143:
3493:
The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate
3410:
The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate
2606:"Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign"
2167:
1552:
9056:
9046:
8470:
8455:
8281:
8261:
7655:
7032:
3845:
2245:"Paris climate deal: nearly 200 nations sign in end of fossil fuel era"
1935:"Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030"
1601: – International agreement to reduce the use of hydrofluorocarbons
696:
661:
561:
463:, negotiation regained momentum after Copenhagen's failure. During the
231:
95:
6083:"A sweeping global climate change agreement was ratified on Wednesday"
5547:
4440:
admin.ch: Climate protection: Switzerland signs agreement with Georgia
3974:"Paris climate deal: What the agreement means for India and the world"
3359:
2939:"India Ratifies Landmark Paris Climate Deal, Says, 'Kept Our Promise'"
1735:"Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification)"
1191:
10520:
9201:
8739:
8685:
8139:
6610:
3834:
Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law
3029:"This Interactive Chart Shows Changes in the World's Top 10 Emitters"
2836:"Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement?"
1412:
1408:, where the court ordered Germany to reconsider its climate targets.
1223:
report states that world governments still plan to produce 110% more
688:
524:
345:
5077:
5052:
4880:
4803:"Is the Paris Agreement effective? A systematic map of the evidence"
4077:
Guiding questions for the Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement
2805:"Explainer: Paris Agreement on climate change to 'enter into force'"
2421:
766:
Common but Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capabilities
333:
on its contributions. No mechanism forces a country to set specific
9953:
9459:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
9229:
8532:
4969:
4011:
2925:
1138:
1088:
1069:
726:
657:
is the latest country to ratify the agreement, on 7 February 2023.
531:"as soon as possible" and to do their best to keep global warming "
376:
forcing countries and an oil company to strengthen climate action.
10510:
10505:
9112:
8505:
7820:
6588:
6246:
6230:
5363:"Climate target updates slow as science ramps up need for action"
1017:
654:
54:
10490:
9677:
9245:
8169:
7591:
6117:"Paris climate change deal too weak to help poor, critics warn"
2698:
1461:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1444:
581:
344:
The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (
9504:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
9367:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
4492:
Building blocks for a robust Sustainable Development Mechanism
4107:
1998:"UN climate talks extend Kyoto Protocol, promise compensation"
1484:, Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC. The president of Brazil,
887:
440:
or COP. It forms the foundation to future climate agreements.
34:. For the treaty that ended the Cambodian-Vietnamese War, see
9323:
7505:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
6598:
5988:"Pollution from Planes and Ships Left Out of Paris Agreement"
5580:
Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
5464:
5287:
4583:
Upsetting the offset: the political economy of carbon markets
3635:
3487:
3404:
647:
643:
456:
was not legally binding and did not get adopted universally.
276:
124:
5785:
Backes, C. W. (Chris); Veen, G. A. (Gerrit) van der (2020).
5602:"Mapped: Where multilateral climate funds spend their money"
3881:"Paris climate accord marks shift toward low-carbon economy"
2083:"The Paris Agreement and the future of climate negotiations"
1589: – Concept for social justice in climate change context
1583: – Denial of the scientific consensus on climate change
667:
40:
Paris meetings, agreements and declarations (disambiguation)
10500:
9239:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5217:
5107:
4625:"The Paris Agreement: Turning Point for a Climate Solution"
4527:
Carbon Market Provisions in the Paris Agreement (Article 6)
3912:"COP21: What does the Paris climate agreement mean for me?"
3728:
3569:
1134:
880:
did not produce a result. The topic was settled during the
866:
288:
9310:
5050:
4800:
2306:"The Paris Agreement is done! Let the negotiations begin?"
629:
471:
was established to negotiate a legal instrument governing
364:
for the agreement to enter into force on 4 November 2016.
7681:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
5840:
Global trends in climate change litigation: 2021 snapshot
5516:"Climate Finance in 2013–14 and the USD 100 billion goal"
5035: This article incorporates text available under the
3802:. European Capacity Building Initiative. pp. 32–33.
3792:
3757:
3691:
2870:"Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord"
75: Parties also covered by European Union ratification
9373:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
9191:
Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
5787:"Urgenda: the Final Judgment of the Dutch Supreme Court"
5624:
5600:
Timperley, Jocelyn; Pearce, Rosamund (6 November 2017).
4568:"Recommendations for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement."
4074:
4007:"Climate negotiators strike deal to slow global warming"
2367:"Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris"
1901:"Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case"
1319:, or from slow-onset events such as the loss of land to
1164:
8710:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
4429:
swissinfo.ch: Switzerland and Senegal sign climate deal
4358:. Harvard Project on Climate Agreements. Archived from
3259:"United States officially rejoined the Paris Agreement"
3144:"The US has left the Paris climate deal – what's next?"
2365:
Sutter, John D.; Berlinger, Joshua (12 December 2015).
1027:
8889:
Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
5967:. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
3576:
Liu, Peiran R.; Raftery, Adrian E. (9 February 2021).
2928:, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
771:
11593:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
9469:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
9385:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
9208:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
8985:
United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia
7522:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
5791:
Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law
3767:. European Capacity Building Initiative. p. 17.
2915:"Paris climate deal: US and China formally join pact"
2336:"How a 'typo' nearly derailed the Paris climate deal"
860:
provisions, and technology development and transfer.
642:: Iran with 2% of the world total being the largest.
504:
signalling the formal adoption of the Paris Agreement
281:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
9564:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
9499:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
9390:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
6184:
Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories
5939:
The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
5872:"Arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental"
4533:. Centre for Europe and Policy Studies. p. 13.
3701:. European Capacity Building Initiative. p. 1.
3293:"It's official: U.S. back in the Paris climate club"
2219:
Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories
1520:
1000:
372:. The Paris Agreement has been successfully used in
318:
by the middle of the 21st century. To stay below 1.5
5548:"Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change"
5436:"COP21 climate change summit reaches deal in Paris"
4852:"Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures"
3729:"National Climate Action under the Paris Agreement"
2114:"UN climate chief Christiana Figueres to step down"
1839:"The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal"
1663:"Paris Climate Agreement Becomes International Law"
1293:' announcement to provide US$ 420 million for
1145:, and may bring down temperatures a further 0.5°C.
310:can be expected. To achieve this temperature goal,
10474:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
9618:
4407:eda.admin.ch: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Peru
4279:Evans, Simon; Gabbatiss, John (29 November 2019).
3943:"Nations Approve Landmark Climate Accord in Paris"
3879:Reguly, Eric; McCarthy, Shawn (14 December 2015).
295:from the agreement in 2020, but rejoined in 2021.
279:, France. As of February 2023, 195 members of the
10562:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
9160:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
674:United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement
10574:
9663:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
7722:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
6077:
6075:
5756:"Reporting and Review under the Paris Agreement"
2142:
1770:"US makes official return to Paris climate pact"
1211:at a far faster rate than other primary regions.
9379:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
5896:
5599:
5467:"Rebooting a failed promise of climate finance"
5410:"What Does the Paris Agreement do for Finance?"
5044:
4935:"Paris Agreement, Decision 1/CP.21, Article 17"
4648:
4386:"A Vision for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement"
2364:
538:
11183:Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia
9494:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
8734:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
5864:
5838:Setzer, Joana; Higham, Catherine (July 2021).
4278:
3878:
3436:
2774:"Glossary of terms relating to Treaty actions"
1387:State of the Netherlands v. Urgenda Foundation
1186:
9693:
9638:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
9296:
8968:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
8859:
7836:
6467:History of climate change policy and politics
6262:
6139:
6072:
5329:
5327:
4881:United Nations Environment Programme (2020).
3331:Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law
2908:
2395:
2276:"Bonn climate talks ask for draft Paris text"
1472:The agreement was lauded by French President
1114:
897:international transfer of mitigation outcomes
733:, which fall under the responsibility of the
634:The EU and 194 states, totalling over 98% of
510:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
465:2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference
417:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
273:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
11368:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
9648:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
9534:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
5909:Yale Program on Climate Change Communication
5837:
3830:"The Legal Character of the Paris Agreement"
3027:World Resources Institute, 10 December 2010
1315:of this kind. Loss and damage can stem from
895:and 6.3 establish a framework to govern the
517:Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
479:
302:to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) above
267:. The Paris Agreement was negotiated by 196
10903:Treaties entered into by the European Union
9643:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
9464:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
6584:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
6205:Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals
4458:bafu.admin.ch: Bilateral climate agreements
4216:International Emissions Trading Association
3651:
3649:
3141:
2867:
888:Linkage of carbon trading systems and ITMOs
255:that was signed in 2016. The treaty covers
10793:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
9700:
9686:
9400:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
9352:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
9303:
9289:
9083:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
8866:
8852:
8805:
7843:
7829:
7803:
7791:
7248:
6269:
6255:
5784:
5725:
5635:
5324:
5223:
5053:"Prove Paris was more than paper promises"
4919:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4599:
4488:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
3903:
3872:
3575:
2242:
1207:Per person, the United States generates CO
640:greenhouse gas emitters in the Middle East
9325:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
8745:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
7543:
7349:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
6492:United Nations Climate Change conferences
5802:
5636:Mogelgaard, Kathleen (24 December 2015).
5490:
5271:
5253:
5076:
5014:
4996:
4826:
4686:
4676:
4666:
4600:Mogelgaard, Kathleen (23 December 2015).
4170:"The Paris Agreement 'Ratchet Mechanism'"
4133:
3940:
3619:
3601:
3358:
3290:
3046:
2863:
2861:
2634:
2166:
2156:
1696:"Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1"
735:International Civil Aviation Organization
668:United States withdrawal and readmittance
430:UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
287:the agreement, the only major emitter is
10778:Treaties of the Central African Republic
9554:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
8773:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
7053:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
5407:
5303:
5301:
4849:
4040:"Framework Convention on Climate Change"
3827:
3646:
3321:
2653:
2396:Watts, Joshua; Depledge, Joanna (2018).
2243:Goldenberg, Suzanne (12 December 2015).
2081:Klein, Richard J. T. (7 December 2020).
1995:
1655:
1422:Milieudefensie et al v Royal Dutch Shell
1253:
1202:
1190:
1123:
867:Mitigation provisions and carbon markets
781:
597:
555:
483:
410:
10394:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
9258:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative
9017:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
7409:National Adaptation Programme of Action
7198:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
6016:
5903:Ciuffo, Leandro Neumann (7 July 2022).
5721:
5719:
5717:
5658:
5041:Minor grammatical amendments were made.
4796:
4794:
4792:
4735:Guibert, Christelle (8 December 2020).
4734:
4489:Kachi, Aki; Voigt, Juliane (May 2017).
4444:
4238:
3971:
3565:from the original on 20 September 2016.
3528:
3430:
3324:"The Paris Agreement: a new beginning?"
3291:Volcovici, Valerie (19 February 2021).
3142:Schiermeier, Quirin (4 November 2020).
2603:
2490:"'Historic' Paris climate deal adopted"
2111:
2029:
1861:
1859:
1836:
1729:
1727:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1595: – Policy for emissions reductions
1398:by lowering its emission targets. The 2
1351:monitoring, reporting, and verification
630:Countries that have ratified or acceded
625:at the COP21 Summit on 30 November 2015
182:Secretary-General of the United Nations
14:
10575:
10486:List of human rights abuses by country
9974:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
9939:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
9362:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
9312:International human rights instruments
8343:Corporate environmental responsibility
7058:Economics of climate change mitigation
7021:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
6544:
6372:Scientific consensus on climate change
6145:
6111:
6047:
5902:
5744:from the original on 19 November 2016.
5688:
5686:
5428:
5307:
5234:Communications Earth & Environment
5187:
4644:
4642:
4635:from the original on 19 November 2016.
4622:
4612:from the original on 19 November 2016.
4396:from the original on 20 November 2016.
4274:
4272:
4180:from the original on 19 November 2016.
3582:Communications Earth & Environment
3543:from the original on 18 November 2016.
3090:from the original on 17 September 2017
3080:"WH: US staying out of climate accord"
2868:Schiermeier, Quirin (4 October 2016).
2858:
2721:
2553:
2551:
2496:. CBC/Radio Canada. 12 December 2015.
2454:
2215:
2025:
2023:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1898:
594:List of parties to the Paris Agreement
27:International treaty on climate change
10808:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
10557:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
9681:
9617:
9520:
9474:Convention on the Rights of the Child
9429:
9428:
9411:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
9346:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
9322:
9284:
9246:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education
9189:
8887:
8847:
7824:
7717:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
7542:
7247:
6983:
6543:
6455:
6336:
6288:
6250:
6158:from the original on 14 December 2015
5985:
5446:from the original on 13 December 2015
5298:
4771:United Nations Environmental Assembly
4623:Morgan, Jennifer (12 December 2015).
4595:
4593:
4591:
4523:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4248:Harvard Project on Climate Agreements
4234:
4232:
4225:from the original on 17 October 2016.
4203:
4201:
4163:
4161:
4056:from the original on 12 December 2015
4019:from the original on 13 December 2015
3986:from the original on 14 December 2015
3953:from the original on 14 December 2015
3941:Davenport, Coral (12 December 2015).
3922:from the original on 14 December 2015
3891:from the original on 13 December 2015
3726:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3303:from the original on 20 February 2021
3286:
3284:
3269:from the original on 20 February 2021
2979:from the original on 24 November 2018
2846:from the original on 5 September 2016
2827:
2745:from the original on 21 February 2016
2691:"Paris Agreement Signature Ceremony"
2591:The Paris Agreement on Climate Change
2588:
2536:from the original on 17 November 2017
2500:from the original on 12 December 2015
2377:from the original on 12 December 2015
2273:
2124:from the original on 29 December 2020
2080:
1894:
1892:
1832:
1830:
1780:from the original on 19 February 2021
1764:
1762:
1712:from the original on 12 December 2015
1447:recognized the Paris agreement as a "
1141:commitments were not included in the
11543:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
9127:Malaria Research and Training Centre
8876:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
8716:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
7739:Representative Concentration Pathway
6690:Tipping points in the climate system
6366:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
6181:Jepsen, Henrik; et al. (2021).
6048:Taylor, Matthew (13 December 2015).
5986:Hulac, Benjamin (14 December 2015).
5766:from the original on 1 November 2020
5714:
5648:from the original on 8 October 2016.
5513:
5370:Climate Action Tracker Global update
4963:
4901:from the original on 9 December 2020
4789:
4777:from the original on 22 January 2021
4747:from the original on 7 February 2021
4572:, 19 May 2016. Web. 10 October 2016.
4383:
4049:. United Nations. 12 December 2015.
4004:
3972:Chauhan, Chetan (14 December 2015).
3909:
3529:Taraska, Gwynne (15 December 2015).
3469:from the original on 30 October 2021
3239:from the original on 21 January 2021
3235:. The White House. 20 January 2021.
3209:from the original on 21 January 2021
3123:from the original on 9 November 2019
3009:from the original on 2 December 2018
2358:
2216:Jepsen, Henrik; et al. (2021).
1856:
1724:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1639:. United Nations Treaty Collection.
1618:
1028:Climate change adaptation provisions
682:delivered an official notice to the
651:have also not ratified the agreement
574:the world's greenhouse gas emissions
566:United Nations General Assembly Hall
10618:Treaties entered into force in 2016
9581:American Convention on Human Rights
9107:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
7510:Nationally determined contributions
7220:Individual action on climate change
6435:World energy supply and consumption
6146:Milman, Oliver (12 December 2015).
6093:from the original on 5 October 2016
5819:from the original on 18 August 2021
5683:
5169:from the original on 19 August 2019
4850:Maizland, Lindsay (29 April 2021).
4639:
4269:
4167:
3557:Sinha, Amitabh (14 December 2015).
3047:Restuccia, Andrew (4 August 2017).
2945:from the original on 3 October 2016
2896:from the original on 5 October 2016
2833:
2802:
2557:
2548:
2373:. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.
2020:
1996:Harrabin, Roger (8 December 2012).
1923:
1747:from the original on 15 August 2017
1453:United Nations Human Rights Council
1411:In May 2021, the district court of
1396:European Convention on Human Rights
1239:
1143:Nationally Determined Contributions
1081:nationally determined contributions
839:
797:nationally determined contributions
788:nationally determined contributions
778:Nationally determined contributions
772:Nationally determined contributions
739:International Maritime Organization
24:
11298:Treaties of the State of Palestine
10858:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
10728:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
9984:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
9846:National human rights institutions
9841:List of human rights organisations
9559:European Convention on Nationality
8358:Environmental full-cost accounting
7850:
7649:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
6276:
6174:
6017:Goswami, Urmi (14 December 2015).
5416:from the original on 10 April 2017
5408:Thwaites, Joe (18 December 2015).
4588:
4505:from the original on 25 April 2021
4498:. Carbon Market Watch. p. 2.
4339:
4291:from the original on 20 April 2020
4229:
4198:
4158:
4089:from the original on 10 March 2021
3860:from the original on 18 March 2021
3809:from the original on 17 April 2021
3796:Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition
3774:from the original on 17 April 2021
3761:Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition
3708:from the original on 17 April 2021
3695:Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition
3547:
3513:
3281:
3196:
3108:
3077:
3059:from the original on 4 August 2017
2635:Davenport, Coral (31 March 2016).
2616:from the original on 23 April 2016
2197:from the original on 2 August 2015
2149:International Community Law Review
2112:McGrath, Matt (19 February 2016).
1889:
1827:
1815:from the original on 19 March 2021
1802:
1759:
1300:
25:
11629:
11383:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
11358:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
9549:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
9119:Manhiça Centre of Health Research
8292:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
7576:Satellite temperature measurement
7181:forestry for carbon sequestration
6472:History of climate change science
6223:
6202:Teske, Sven; et al. (2019).
6127:from the original on 30 June 2021
6060:from the original on 13 July 2021
6029:from the original on 15 July 2021
5308:Nilsen, Ella (8 September 2023).
5205:from the original on 29 June 2016
4951:from the original on 1 April 2016
4862:from the original on 12 June 2021
4005:Falk, Pamela (12 December 2015).
3910:Mark, Kinver (14 December 2015).
3499:. pp. 28, 137–148, 175–179.
3386:from the original on 24 July 2021
3178:from the original on 18 July 2021
2671:from the original on 29 June 2017
2470:from the original on 15 July 2021
2436:from the original on 15 July 2021
2346:from the original on 22 July 2021
2316:from the original on 22 July 2021
2286:from the original on 18 July 2021
2274:Evans, Simon (7 September 2015).
2255:from the original on 26 July 2021
2143:Orangias, Joseph (1 April 2022).
2093:from the original on 18 July 2021
2008:from the original on 16 July 2018
1977:from the original on 20 July 2021
1899:Corder, Mike (20 December 2019).
1740:. United Nations. 8 August 2017.
1681:
1047:
1020:, making it much wider in scope.
1001:Sustainable Development Mechanism
11163:Treaties of the Marshall Islands
9969:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
9707:
9521:
9148:National Transplant Organization
8804:
8793:
8792:
8762:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
7802:
7790:
7779:
7778:
7766:
7427:Climate Change Performance Index
6229:
6105:
6041:
6010:
5979:
5953:
5927:
5852:from the original on 7 July 2021
5831:
5778:
5748:
5710:from the original on 9 May 2016.
5652:
5593:
5565:
5540:
5507:
5458:
5401:
5376:
5355:
5286:
5181:
5101:
5030:
4927:
4874:
4843:
4759:
4728:
4550:from the original on 2 July 2021
4209:"Article 6 Implementation Paper"
4082:(Report). NewClimate Institute.
3739:from the original on 13 May 2021
3634:
3536:. Center for American Progress.
2784:from the original on 22 May 2019
2778:United Nations Treaty Collection
2062:from the original on 3 June 2018
1947:from the original on 26 May 2021
1911:from the original on 9 July 2021
1643:from the original on 5 July 2021
1565:
1551:
1537:
1523:
1392:Supreme Court of the Netherlands
1307:Loss and damage (climate change)
1119:
701:United Nations Secretary-General
251:) is an international treaty on
222:
53:
11508:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
11433:Treaties of the Solomon Islands
10648:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
10094:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
9800:Natural rights and legal rights
9790:Claim rights and liberty rights
9131:Kintampo Health Research Centre
8348:Corporate social responsibility
8277:Ocean thermal energy conversion
8216:Community-supported agriculture
7901:Human impact on the environment
7566:Instrumental temperature record
7517:Sustainable Development Goal 13
5998:from the original on 9 May 2021
5880:(in Portuguese). Archived from
5735:Stockholm Environment Institute
5671:from the original on 8 May 2021
5638:"When Adaptation is Not Enough"
5612:from the original on 7 May 2021
4703:
4616:
4575:
4562:
4517:
4482:
4471:
4462:
4433:
4422:
4411:
4400:
4377:
4328:
4303:
4184:
4168:Yeo, Sophie (19 January 2016).
4101:
4068:
4031:
3998:
3965:
3934:
3821:
3786:
3751:
3720:
3685:
3673:
3661:
3481:
3398:
3315:
3251:
3221:
3190:
3135:
3102:
3071:
3040:
3021:
2991:
2957:
2931:
2815:from the original on 8 May 2021
2796:
2766:
2757:
2702:. 22 April 2016. Archived from
2683:
2628:
2604:McGrath, Matt (31 March 2016).
2597:
2582:
2570:from the original on 8 May 2021
2512:
2482:
2448:
2389:
2328:
2298:
2267:
2236:
2209:
2183:
2136:
2105:
2087:Stockholm Environment Institute
2074:
1989:
1959:
1428:
1344:Enhanced Transparency Framework
1337:
1328:Alliance of Small Island States
1109:Global Pact for the Environment
11548:Treaties of the United Kingdom
10988:Treaties extended to Hong Kong
10838:Treaties of the Czech Republic
10603:November 2015 events in France
10593:December 2015 events in France
9964:against Palestinians by Israel
9621:International humanitarian law
9168:for the Advancement of Science
8588:Socially responsible marketing
7634:Climate variability and change
6984:
6675:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
6187:. Cambridge University Press.
4807:Environmental Research Letters
4649:Gomez-Echeverri, Luis (2018).
4524:Marcu, Andrei (January 2016).
4352:The Paris agreement and beyond
4311:"Climate Explainer: Article 6"
2803:Yeo, Sophie (6 October 2016).
2222:. Cambridge University Press.
1933:Boffey, Daniel (26 May 2021).
1796:
1366:and processes for compliance.
1280:Small Island Developing States
1044:, and limiting vulnerability.
810:2015 Climate Change Conference
432:(UNFCCC), adopted at the 1992
406:
92:30 November – 12 December 2015
81: Agreement does not apply
13:
1:
11553:Treaties of the United States
10933:Treaties of Georgia (country)
10883:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
9589:to Prevent and Punish Torture
8878:for International Cooperation
8779:Sustainable Development Goals
8583:Socially responsible business
7744:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
7279:Climate emergency declaration
5694:"The Paris Agreement Summary"
4135:10.1080/14693062.2019.1624494
3531:"The Paris Climate Agreement"
3351:10.1080/02646811.2016.1133983
2973:Union of Concerned Scientists
2558:Yeo, Sophie (19 April 2016).
1837:Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich.
1611:
1373:
447:, adopted in 1997, regulated
11313:Treaties of Papua New Guinea
10813:Treaties of the Cook Islands
9805:Negative and positive rights
7727:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
6953:Middle East and North Africa
6289:
5573:"Roadmap to US$ 100 Billion"
5521:. p. 20. Archived from
4856:Council on Foreign Relations
4711:"Frequently Asked Questions"
4585:. London: MayFlyBooks, 2009,
2834:Yeo, Sophie (23 June 2016).
1467:
1068:may be necessary to achieve
714:
539:Signing and entry into force
415:Heads of delegations at the
324:country's documented pledges
38:. For different topics, see
7:
11323:Treaties of the Philippines
11273:Treaties of North Macedonia
11238:Treaties of the Netherlands
10547:List of human rights awards
10419:in the United Arab Emirates
9795:Individual and group rights
9218:Hispanic Society of America
9144:The Transplantation Society
9093:2004: The European Union's
9077:International Space Station
8608:Sustainability organization
8393:Standards and certification
7984:Social return on investment
6456:
6242:Text of the Paris Agreement
5659:Pidcock, Roz (9 May 2017).
4384:Hone, David (16 May 2016).
3322:Savaresi, Annalisa (2016).
2965:"Each Country's Share of CO
1516:
1187:Fulfillment of requirements
1010:Clean Development Mechanism
694:United States Climate Envoy
348:) at a ceremony inside the
36:1991 Paris Peace Agreements
10:
11634:
11128:Treaties extended to Macau
10613:Treaties concluded in 2015
10469:of the Marcos dictatorship
9585:Inter-American Convention
9449:Convention against Torture
9240:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
8033:Systemic change resistance
7561:Global surface temperature
7452:Popular culture depictions
7364:Ecosystem-based adaptation
7094:Carbon capture and storage
7016:Carbon offsets and credits
6337:
5961:"OHCHR and climate change"
5726:Van Asselt, Harro (2016).
5492:10.1038/s41558-021-00990-2
5255:10.1038/s43247-021-00097-8
4998:10.1038/s41467-020-15414-6
3727:Staff (22 November 2019).
3603:10.1038/s43247-021-00097-8
3497:Cambridge University Press
3491:; Edward A Parson (2020).
3414:Cambridge University Press
3408:; Edward A Parson (2020).
3156:10.1038/d41586-020-03066-x
1971:Council of Foreign Affairs
1871:UN Climate Change Newsroom
1665:. ABC News. Archived from
1605:Politics of climate change
1492:commended the agreement's
1432:
1415:ruled against oil company
1405:Neubauer et al. v. Germany
1377:
1341:
1304:
1243:
1115:Specific topics of concern
775:
709:
671:
591:
587:
529:reduce their carbon output
507:
423:
300:global surface temperature
29:
11113:Treaties of Liechtenstein
10968:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
10529:
10414:in the State of Palestine
10399:in the Dominican Republic
9979:during the Gaddafi regime
9916:
9861:
9854:
9833:
9813:
9782:
9754:
9743:
9715:
9628:
9613:
9529:
9516:
9439:
9424:
9331:
9318:
9196:
9185:
9138:World Health Organization
9089:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
9071:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
8894:
8883:
8788:
8699:
8636:
8408:
8335:
8244:
8211:Climate-smart agriculture
8196:
8168:
8125:
8079:
8046:
7919:
7876:
7858:
7773:Climate change portal
7760:
7699:
7666:Extreme event attribution
7584:
7553:
7549:
7538:
7482:
7417:
7339:
7289:School Strike for Climate
7261:
7257:
7243:
7212:
7168:Climate-smart agriculture
7129:
7086:
6996:
6992:
6979:
6903:
6766:
6713:
6556:
6552:
6539:
6462:
6451:
6380:
6349:
6345:
6332:
6315:Climate change adaptation
6310:Climate change mitigation
6305:Effects of climate change
6295:
6284:
5804:10.1163/18760104-01703004
5642:World Resources Institute
4629:World Resources Institute
4606:World Resources Institute
3828:Bodansky, Daniel (2016).
3733:World Resources Institute
3229:"Paris Climate Agreement"
2882:10.1038/nature.2016.20735
2158:10.1163/18719732-bja10068
1380:Climate change litigation
1276:Least developed countries
1159:In 2021, a study using a
1033:Climate change adaptation
620:Portuguese Prime Minister
533:to well below 2 degrees C
480:Negotiations and adoption
473:climate change mitigation
308:effects of climate change
257:climate change mitigation
221:
216:
187:
177:
165:
157:
149:
131:
120:
102:
87:
52:
11608:Human rights instruments
11523:Treaties of Turkmenistan
11443:Treaties of South Africa
11408:Treaties of Sierra Leone
11388:Treaties of Saudi Arabia
11148:Treaties of the Maldives
10993:Treaties of the Holy See
10753:Treaties of Burkina Faso
9123:Ifakara Health Institute
8353:Environmental accounting
8102:Sustainable architecture
8092:Environmental technology
7676:Global warming potential
7483:International agreements
7130:Preserving and enhancing
6574:Arctic methane emissions
6496:Years in climate change
6403:Greenhouse gas emissions
6300:Causes of climate change
5877:Supremo Tribunal Federal
4887:. Nairobi. p. XXI.
4828:10.1088/1748-9326/ab865c
4239:Stavins, Robert (2016).
2030:Falkner, Robert (2016).
1359:greenhouse gas inventory
1091:just after mid-century.
636:greenhouse gas emissions
548:, but it is possible to
362:world's greenhouse gases
312:greenhouse gas emissions
11598:United Nations treaties
11478:Treaties of Switzerland
11453:Treaties of South Sudan
11448:Treaties of South Korea
11363:Treaties of Saint Lucia
11268:Treaties of North Korea
11243:Treaties of New Zealand
11043:Treaties of Ivory Coast
10878:Treaties of El Salvador
10803:Treaties of the Comoros
10678:Treaties of the Bahamas
10623:Treaties of Afghanistan
10583:2015 in the environment
10537:History of human rights
9944:Enforced disappearances
9934:Crimes against humanity
9357:Declaration of Montreal
9013:Government of Guatemala
8940:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
8930:University of Salamanca
8226:Sustainable agriculture
7707:Climate change scenario
7359:Disaster risk reduction
7011:Carbon emission trading
6821:U.S. insurance industry
6801:Civilizational collapse
6648:sea surface temperature
4047:United Nations FCCC Int
3460:10.1111/1468-2346.12708
3437:Robert Falkner (2016).
2048:10.1111/1468-2346.12708
1476:, UN Secretary General
379:
18:Paris Climate Agreement
11603:Environmental treaties
11563:Treaties of Uzbekistan
11483:Treaties of Tajikistan
11403:Treaties of Seychelles
11378:Treaties of San Marino
11213:Treaties of Mozambique
11203:Treaties of Montenegro
11168:Treaties of Mauritania
11133:Treaties of Madagascar
11123:Treaties of Luxembourg
11083:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
11063:Treaties of Kazakhstan
10928:Treaties of the Gambia
10863:Treaties of East Timor
10818:Treaties of Costa Rica
10773:Treaties of Cape Verde
10688:Treaties of Bangladesh
10673:Treaties of Azerbaijan
10481:Incitement to genocide
9774:Universal jurisdiction
8962:Hans-Dietrich Genscher
8769:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
8638:Sustainable management
8623:Urban drainage systems
8363:Environmental planning
8327:Water recycling shower
8317:Tidal stream generator
8112:Sustainable industries
8071:Sustainable population
8056:Demographic transition
8038:Tragedy of the commons
7700:Research and modelling
7384:Nature-based solutions
7204:Nature-based solutions
7146:Carbon dioxide removal
7063:Fossil fuel divestment
7048:Climate risk insurance
6958:Small island countries
6579:Arctic sea ice decline
6234:Quotations related to
5582:. OECD. Archived from
4678:10.1098/rsta.2016.0444
4192:"COP28 Opens in Dubai"
3681:Paris Agreement (2015)
3669:Paris Agreement (2015)
3657:Paris Agreement (2015)
2920:2 January 2018 at the
1317:extreme weather events
1295:climate risk insurance
1259:
1212:
1200:
1129:
1066:carbon dioxide removal
873:cooperative approaches
791:
678:On 4 August 2017, the
626:
569:
505:
420:
401:
293:United States withdrew
11573:Treaties of Venezuela
11458:Treaties of Sri Lanka
11413:Treaties of Singapore
11248:Treaties of Nicaragua
11173:Treaties of Mauritius
11118:Treaties of Lithuania
11018:Treaties of Indonesia
10958:Treaties of Guatemala
10663:Treaties of Australia
10653:Treaties of Argentina
10542:List of global issues
9406:Yogyakarta Principles
8934:University of Coimbra
8661:Humanistic capitalism
8476:Environmental finance
8117:Sustainable packaging
7661:Earth's energy budget
7544:Background and theory
7432:Climate crisis (term)
7104:Fossil fuel phase-out
6998:Economics and finance
6963:by individual country
6905:By country and region
6880:Security and conflict
6875:Psychological impacts
6564:Abrupt climate change
6487:Charles David Keeling
6320:By country and region
5471:Nature Climate Change
5111:; den Elzen, Michel;
4977:Nature Communications
4390:The Energy Collective
3447:International Affairs
3263:Renewable Energy 2050
3034:14 March 2021 at the
2036:International Affairs
1805:"The Paris Agreement"
1581:Climate change denial
1531:Global warming portal
1441:Supreme Federal Court
1433:Further information:
1257:
1244:Further information:
1206:
1195:Since 2000, rising CO
1194:
1127:
882:2021 COP26 in Glasgow
785:
604:Indian Prime Minister
601:
568:for the United States
559:
499:
438:Conference of Parties
414:
387:
249:Paris Climate Accords
137:; 7 years ago
108:; 8 years ago
11588:Treaties of Zimbabwe
11493:Treaties of Thailand
11488:Treaties of Tanzania
11468:Treaties of Suriname
11423:Treaties of Slovenia
11418:Treaties of Slovakia
11333:Treaties of Portugal
11303:Treaties of Paraguay
11288:Treaties of Pakistan
11198:Treaties of Mongolia
11143:Treaties of Malaysia
11073:Treaties of Kiribati
10983:Treaties of Honduras
10898:Treaties of Ethiopia
10893:Treaties of Eswatini
10853:Treaties of Dominica
10848:Treaties of Djibouti
10798:Treaties of Colombia
10763:Treaties of Cameroon
10758:Treaties of Cambodia
10748:Treaties of Bulgaria
10733:Treaties of Botswana
10693:Treaties of Barbados
10424:in the United States
10199:in Jammu and Kashmir
9745:Fundamental concepts
9336:Brazilian Resolution
9043:Fatana Ishaq Gailani
9027:Olayinka Koso-Thomas
8975:Frederik W. de Klerk
8628:Urban infrastructure
8322:Water heat recycling
8145:Conservation biology
7989:Steady-state economy
7964:Micro-sustainability
7949:Ecological footprint
7906:Planetary boundaries
7490:Glasgow Climate Pact
7151:Carbon sequestration
6726:Mass mortality event
6115:(14 December 2015).
5703:. 28 December 2015.
5589:on 19 November 2016.
5442:. 13 December 2015.
4884:Emissions Gap Report
3416:. pp. 190–191.
3265:. 20 February 2021.
2649:on 21 February 2017.
2402:WIREs Climate Change
2342:. 16 December 2015.
2312:. 24 February 2016.
1776:. 19 February 2021.
1439:On 4 July 2022, the
1168:by all signatories.
1083:. By mid-century, CO
878:negotiations in 2019
680:Trump administration
582:vote to leave the EU
11578:Treaties of Vietnam
11568:Treaties of Vanuatu
11558:Treaties of Uruguay
11538:Treaties of Ukraine
11513:Treaties of Tunisia
11438:Treaties of Somalia
11393:Treaties of Senegal
11343:Treaties of Romania
11258:Treaties of Nigeria
11223:Treaties of Namibia
11218:Treaties of Myanmar
11208:Treaties of Morocco
11188:Treaties of Moldova
11108:Treaties of Liberia
11103:Treaties of Lesotho
11098:Treaties of Lebanon
11048:Treaties of Jamaica
11008:Treaties of Ireland
11003:Treaties of Iceland
10998:Treaties of Hungary
10953:Treaties of Grenada
10938:Treaties of Germany
10913:Treaties of Finland
10888:Treaties of Estonia
10868:Treaties of Ecuador
10843:Treaties of Denmark
10823:Treaties of Croatia
10723:Treaties of Bolivia
10703:Treaties of Belgium
10698:Treaties of Belarus
10683:Treaties of Bahrain
10668:Treaties of Austria
10658:Treaties of Armenia
10638:Treaties of Andorra
10633:Treaties of Algeria
10628:Treaties of Albania
10409:in the Soviet Union
10309:in Papua New Guinea
9959:Human rights abuses
9917:Human rights abuses
9821:Corporal punishment
9633:Genocide Convention
9224:Amref Health Africa
8906:Enrique V. Iglesias
8900:José López Portillo
8729:Earth Summit (1992)
8383:Metrics and indices
8236:Sustainable fishery
8155:Holocene extinction
7974:Product stewardship
7944:Earth Overshoot Day
7629:Climate sensitivity
7404:The Adaptation Fund
6860:Infectious diseases
6767:Social and economic
6154:. London, England.
5992:Scientific American
5483:2021NatCC..11..180R
5246:2021ComEE...2...29L
5228:(9 February 2021).
5198:The Washington Post
5144:10.1038/nature18307
5136:2016Natur.534..631R
5069:2017Natur.548...25V
4989:2020NatCo..11.2096R
4819:2020ERL....15h3006R
4668:2018RSPTA.37660444G
4570:Carbon Market Watch
4365:on 19 November 2016
4257:on 19 November 2016
4126:2019CliPo..19..988H
3887:. Toronto, Canada.
3594:2021ComEE...2...29L
3343:2016JENRL..34...16S
3116:The Washington Post
2458:(8 December 2020).
2414:2018WIRCC...9E.533W
1482:Christiana Figueres
1449:human rights treaty
1221:Production Gap 2021
817:technology transfer
612:President of Brazil
461:Christiana Figueres
63: State parties
49:
11583:Treaties of Zambia
11533:Treaties of Uganda
11528:Treaties of Tuvalu
11518:Treaties of Turkey
11473:Treaties of Sweden
11398:Treaties of Serbia
11353:Treaties of Rwanda
11348:Treaties of Russia
11328:Treaties of Poland
11308:Treaties of Panama
11278:Treaties of Norway
11193:Treaties of Monaco
11178:Treaties of Mexico
11138:Treaties of Malawi
11093:Treaties of Latvia
11078:Treaties of Kuwait
11058:Treaties of Jordan
11033:Treaties of Israel
10973:Treaties of Guyana
10963:Treaties of Guinea
10948:Treaties of Greece
10918:Treaties of France
10833:Treaties of Cyprus
10768:Treaties of Canada
10743:Treaties of Brunei
10738:Treaties of Brazil
10718:Treaties of Bhutan
10708:Treaties of Belize
10643:Treaties of Angola
10404:in the Philippines
9929:Crime of apartheid
9653:Geneva Conventions
9166:Max Planck Society
8912:Belisario Betancur
8188:Sustainable energy
8150:Endangered species
8107:Sustainable design
8021:Consumer behaviour
7200:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
7172:Forest management
7156:Direct air capture
7121:Sustainable energy
7078:Net zero emissions
7073:Low-carbon economy
7068:Green Climate Fund
6855:Indigenous peoples
6758:Plant biodiversity
6546:Effects and issues
6089:. 5 October 2016.
6023:The Economic Times
5226:Raftery, Adrian E.
4942:UNFCCC secretariat
4661:(2119): 20160444.
3947:The New York Times
3846:10.1111/reel.12154
3679:Articles 3, 9(3),
3197:Medina, Daniella.
2642:The New York Times
1967:"UN Climate Talks"
1877:on 17 January 2016
1703:UNFCCC secretariat
1669:on 4 November 2016
1268:Green Climate Fund
1260:
1250:Green Climate Fund
1213:
1201:
1130:
1070:net zero emissions
1062:sustainable energy
802:UNFCCC Secretariat
792:
751:consensus building
627:
570:
506:
421:
394:climate resilience
374:climate litigation
370:increased ambition
47:
11618:Lists of treaties
11613:International law
11503:Treaties of Tonga
11463:Treaties of Sudan
11428:Treaties of Spain
11373:Treaties of Samoa
11338:Treaties of Qatar
11293:Treaties of Palau
11253:Treaties of Niger
11233:Treaties of Nepal
11228:Treaties of Nauru
11158:Treaties of Malta
11068:Treaties of Kenya
11053:Treaties of Japan
11038:Treaties of Italy
11013:Treaties of India
10978:Treaties of Haiti
10943:Treaties of Ghana
10923:Treaties of Gabon
10873:Treaties of Egypt
10788:Treaties of Chile
10713:Treaties of Benin
10608:Science diplomacy
10570:
10569:
10552:Three generations
9912:
9911:
9829:
9828:
9675:
9674:
9671:
9670:
9658:Hague Conventions
9609:
9608:
9512:
9511:
9432:International law
9420:
9419:
9278:
9277:
9274:
9273:
9181:
9180:
9173:Fulbright Program
9095:Erasmus Programme
8956:Mikhail Gorbachev
8874:Laureates of the
8841:
8840:
8767:Earth Summit 2002
8750:Lisbon Principles
8722:Our Common Future
8400:Sustainable yield
8206:Civic agriculture
7959:Green consumption
7896:Global governance
7818:
7817:
7756:
7755:
7752:
7751:
7691:Radiative forcing
7534:
7533:
7530:
7529:
7354:Adaptive capacity
7239:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7099:Energy transition
6975:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6695:Tropical cyclones
6621:Urban heat island
6535:
6534:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6408:Carbon accounting
6362:Greenhouse effect
6328:
6327:
6215:978-3-030-05842-5
6194:978-1-108-88624-6
5130:(7609): 631–639.
4894:978-92-807-3812-4
4540:978-94-6138-501-7
3506:978-1-316-63132-4
3423:978-1-316-63132-4
2667:. 22 April 2016.
2229:978-1-108-88624-6
1843:Climate Analytics
1637:"Paris Agreement"
1506:environmentalists
1474:François Hollande
1417:Royal Dutch Shell
1173:capacity building
1075:To stay below 1.5
1054:energy efficiency
1038:adaptive capacity
998:
997:
821:capacity building
790:as of 2021 (NDCs)
755:international law
746:pledge and review
535:" (3.6 °F).
497:
454:Copenhagen Accord
335:emissions targets
243:(also called the
237:
236:
69: Signatories
16:(Redirected from
11625:
11498:Treaties of Togo
11318:Treaties of Peru
11283:Treaties of Oman
11263:Treaties of Niue
11153:Treaties of Mali
11088:Treaties of Laos
11028:Treaties of Iraq
11023:Treaties of Iran
10908:Treaties of Fiji
10828:Treaties of Cuba
10783:Treaties of Chad
10324:in Punjab, India
9949:Forced migration
9859:
9858:
9752:
9751:
9747:and philosophies
9702:
9695:
9688:
9679:
9678:
9615:
9614:
9518:
9517:
9426:
9425:
9395:Paris Principles
9320:
9319:
9305:
9298:
9291:
9282:
9281:
9187:
9186:
9146:and the Spanish
9039:Rigoberta Menchú
8885:
8884:
8868:
8861:
8854:
8845:
8844:
8808:
8807:
8796:
8795:
8740:Agenda 21 (1992)
8711:
8676:Natural resource
8563:Organic movement
8538:Impact investing
8257:Hydroelectricity
8231:Sustainable diet
8183:Renewable energy
8178:Carbon footprint
8160:Invasive species
8097:Natural building
8048:World population
8009:Marketing myopia
7969:Over-consumption
7939:Circular economy
7934:Anti-consumerism
7891:Environmentalism
7845:
7838:
7831:
7822:
7821:
7806:
7805:
7794:
7793:
7782:
7781:
7771:
7770:
7769:
7734:Paleoclimatology
7551:
7550:
7540:
7539:
7301:Ecological grief
7284:Climate movement
7259:
7258:
7245:
7244:
7225:Plant-based diet
7116:Renewable energy
6994:
6993:
6981:
6980:
6816:Economic impacts
6748:Invasive species
6604:Coastal flooding
6554:
6553:
6541:
6540:
6477:Svante Arrhenius
6453:
6452:
6423:from agriculture
6413:Carbon footprint
6398:Greenhouse gases
6347:
6346:
6334:
6333:
6286:
6285:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6248:
6247:
6233:
6219:
6198:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6143:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6079:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6045:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5941:. United Nations
5931:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5911:. Archived from
5900:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5851:
5844:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5806:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5732:
5723:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5698:
5690:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5633:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5577:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5527:
5520:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5494:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5380:
5374:
5373:
5367:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5339:
5331:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5305:
5296:
5291:Available under
5290:
5285:
5275:
5257:
5224:Liu, Peiran R.;
5221:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5191:(29 June 2016).
5185:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5168:
5121:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5080:
5048:
5042:
5034:
5028:
5018:
5000:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4950:
4939:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4918:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4830:
4798:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4690:
4680:
4670:
4646:
4637:
4636:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4597:
4586:
4579:
4573:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4549:
4532:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4504:
4497:
4486:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4460:
4455:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4426:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4357:
4346:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4276:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4256:
4250:. Archived from
4245:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4213:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4165:
4156:
4155:
4137:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4081:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4044:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3808:
3801:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3766:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3707:
3700:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3644:
3639:Available under
3638:
3633:
3623:
3605:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3535:
3526:
3511:
3510:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3454:(5): 1107–1125.
3443:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3362:
3328:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3044:
3038:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3005:. 14 June 2017.
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2935:
2929:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2733:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2695:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2645:. Archived from
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2524:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2042:(5): 1107–1125.
2027:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1774:Associated Press
1766:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1700:
1692:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1633:
1599:Kigali Amendment
1575:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1401:
1332:Warsaw Mechanism
1240:Ensuring finance
1097:Clean technology
1078:
1058:energy intensity
1056:to decrease the
972:11 November 2021
962:11 November 2021
932:23 November 2020
905:
904:
850:Talanoa Dialogue
846:Global Stocktake
840:Global stocktake
741:, respectively.
704:António Guterres
618:, in background
498:
331:regularly report
321:
226:
225:
145:
143:
138:
116:
114:
109:
80:
74:
68:
62:
57:
50:
46:
32:Paris Agreements
21:
11633:
11632:
11628:
11627:
11626:
11624:
11623:
11622:
10598:Events in Paris
10573:
10572:
10571:
10566:
10525:
10354:in South Africa
10344:in Sierra Leone
10339:in Saudi Arabia
10069:in Burkina Faso
10024:in Azad Kashmir
9908:
9850:
9825:
9809:
9778:
9748:
9746:
9739:
9730:Intersex people
9711:
9706:
9676:
9667:
9624:
9605:
9525:
9508:
9435:
9416:
9327:
9314:
9309:
9279:
9270:
9252:Ellen MacArthur
9212:Paris Agreement
9192:
9177:
9065:Valeri Polyakov
8918:Contadora group
8890:
8879:
8872:
8842:
8837:
8784:
8709:
8701:
8700:Agreements and
8695:
8632:
8436:Climate finance
8404:
8331:
8287:Reclaimed water
8240:
8192:
8164:
8121:
8075:
8061:Family planning
8042:
7915:
7872:
7854:
7849:
7819:
7814:
7767:
7765:
7748:
7695:
7686:Orbital forcing
7580:
7545:
7526:
7500:Paris Agreement
7478:
7474:Warming stripes
7413:
7379:Managed retreat
7374:Loss and damage
7335:
7269:Business action
7253:
7231:
7208:
7131:
7125:
7082:
7043:Climate finance
6988:
6967:
6899:
6762:
6738:Extinction risk
6714:Flora and fauna
6709:
6670:Permafrost thaw
6665:Ozone depletion
6594:Extreme weather
6548:
6531:
6458:
6439:
6376:
6341:
6324:
6291:
6280:
6275:
6236:Paris Agreement
6226:
6216:
6201:
6195:
6180:
6177:
6175:Further reading
6172:
6171:
6161:
6159:
6144:
6140:
6130:
6128:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6094:
6081:
6080:
6073:
6063:
6061:
6046:
6042:
6032:
6030:
6015:
6011:
6001:
5999:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5968:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5944:
5942:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5918:
5916:
5915:on 24 July 2022
5901:
5897:
5887:
5885:
5884:on 24 July 2022
5870:
5869:
5865:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5842:
5836:
5832:
5822:
5820:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5741:
5730:
5724:
5715:
5707:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5684:
5674:
5672:
5657:
5653:
5634:
5625:
5615:
5613:
5598:
5594:
5586:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5556:
5554:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5518:
5512:
5508:
5463:
5459:
5449:
5447:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5419:
5417:
5406:
5402:
5392:
5390:
5382:
5381:
5377:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5346:
5344:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5325:
5315:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5222:
5218:
5208:
5206:
5186:
5182:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5119:
5106:
5102:
5078:10.1038/548025a
5063:(7665): 25–27.
5049:
5045:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4912:
4911:
4904:
4902:
4895:
4879:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4848:
4844:
4799:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4733:
4729:
4719:
4717:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4647:
4640:
4621:
4617:
4598:
4589:
4581:Böhm, Steffen.
4580:
4576:
4567:
4563:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4530:
4522:
4518:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4495:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4463:
4456:
4445:
4438:
4434:
4427:
4423:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4401:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4355:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4294:
4292:
4277:
4270:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4243:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4218:. 20 May 2016.
4211:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4166:
4159:
4120:(8): 988–1001.
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4042:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3987:
3979:Hindustan Times
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3725:
3721:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3647:
3574:
3570:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3533:
3527:
3514:
3507:
3486:
3482:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3326:
3320:
3316:
3306:
3304:
3289:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3195:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3109:Dennis, Brady.
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3078:Liptak, Kevin.
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3045:
3041:
3036:Wayback Machine
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2922:Wayback Machine
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2866:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2598:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2556:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2522:
2520:"Article 20(1)"
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2422:10.1002/wcc.533
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2028:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1931:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1797:
1783:
1781:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1619:
1614:
1587:Climate justice
1571:
1564:
1559:Politics portal
1557:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1494:climate justice
1470:
1437:
1431:
1399:
1382:
1376:
1346:
1340:
1313:loss and damage
1309:
1303:
1301:Loss and damage
1264:climate finance
1252:
1246:Climate finance
1242:
1210:
1198:
1189:
1122:
1117:
1086:
1076:
1050:
1030:
1018:Annex-I parties
1003:
952:18 October 2021
922:20 October 2020
890:
869:
858:climate finance
842:
780:
774:
717:
712:
676:
670:
632:
596:
590:
541:
512:
484:
482:
469:Durban Platform
426:
409:
382:
368:a mechanism of
350:UN Headquarters
319:
241:Paris Agreement
228:Paris Agreement
223:
212:
142:4 November 2016
141:
139:
136:
135:4 November 2016
112:
110:
107:
83:
82:
78:
76:
72:
70:
66:
64:
60:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11631:
11621:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11605:
11600:
11595:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11555:
11550:
11545:
11540:
11535:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11480:
11475:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11425:
11420:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11380:
11375:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10765:
10760:
10755:
10750:
10745:
10740:
10735:
10730:
10725:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10655:
10650:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10630:
10625:
10620:
10615:
10610:
10605:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10568:
10567:
10565:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10533:
10531:
10527:
10526:
10524:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10477:
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10374:in Switzerland
10371:
10366:
10361:
10359:in South Korea
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10294:in North Korea
10291:
10286:
10284:in New Zealand
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10229:in Kyrgyzstan
10226:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10114:in El Salvador
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10039:in Balochistan
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9989:in Afghanistan
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9924:Atrocity crime
9920:
9918:
9914:
9913:
9910:
9909:
9907:
9906:
9904:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9862:
9856:
9852:
9851:
9849:
9848:
9843:
9837:
9835:
9831:
9830:
9827:
9826:
9824:
9823:
9817:
9815:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9786:
9784:
9780:
9779:
9777:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9755:
9749:
9744:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9716:
9713:
9712:
9705:
9704:
9697:
9690:
9682:
9673:
9672:
9669:
9668:
9666:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9611:
9610:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9603:
9602:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9583:
9578:
9577:
9576:
9571:
9569:Social Charter
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9543:
9542:
9541:
9530:
9527:
9526:
9514:
9513:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9440:
9437:
9436:
9422:
9421:
9418:
9417:
9415:
9414:
9408:
9403:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9376:
9370:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9343:
9338:
9332:
9329:
9328:
9316:
9315:
9308:
9307:
9300:
9293:
9285:
9276:
9275:
9272:
9271:
9269:
9268:
9261:
9254:
9248:
9242:
9236:
9226:
9220:
9214:
9204:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9183:
9182:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9169:
9162:
9156:
9150:
9140:
9134:
9121:(Mozambique),
9115:
9109:
9103:
9097:
9091:
9085:
9079:
9073:
9067:
9049:
9035:Fatiha Boudiaf
9019:
9009:
9003:
8997:
8987:
8981:
8979:Nelson Mandela
8971:
8964:
8958:
8952:Jacques Delors
8948:
8942:
8936:
8926:
8920:
8914:
8908:
8902:
8895:
8892:
8891:
8881:
8880:
8871:
8870:
8863:
8856:
8848:
8839:
8838:
8836:
8835:
8828:
8821:
8814:
8802:
8789:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8782:
8776:
8775:(Rio+20, 2012)
8770:
8764:
8759:
8753:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8731:
8726:
8718:
8713:
8705:
8703:
8697:
8696:
8694:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8642:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8631:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8523:
8521:Infrastructure
8518:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8451:Eco-capitalism
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8412:
8410:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8368:Sustainability
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8339:
8337:
8336:Accountability
8333:
8332:
8330:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8248:
8246:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8202:
8200:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8174:
8172:
8166:
8165:
8163:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8131:
8129:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8083:
8081:
8077:
8076:
8074:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8052:
8050:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8029:
8028:
8023:
8013:
8012:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7994:Sustainability
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7929:Anthropization
7925:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7882:
7880:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7870:
7865:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7852:Sustainability
7848:
7847:
7840:
7833:
7825:
7816:
7815:
7813:
7812:
7800:
7788:
7776:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7754:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7730:
7729:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7703:
7701:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7652:
7651:
7641:
7639:Cloud feedback
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7594:
7588:
7586:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7557:
7555:
7547:
7546:
7536:
7535:
7532:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7507:
7497:
7495:Kyoto Protocol
7492:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7476:
7471:
7470:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7449:
7447:Media coverage
7444:
7439:
7437:Climate spiral
7434:
7429:
7423:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7345:
7343:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7326:Public opinion
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7281:
7276:
7274:Climate action
7271:
7265:
7263:
7255:
7254:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7195:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7186:REDD and REDD+
7183:
7178:
7170:
7165:
7163:Carbon farming
7160:
7159:
7158:
7153:
7143:
7137:
7135:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7107:
7106:
7096:
7090:
7088:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7013:
7008:
7002:
7000:
6990:
6989:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6909:
6907:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6895:Water security
6892:
6890:Water scarcity
6887:
6885:Urban flooding
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6770:
6768:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6743:Forest dieback
6740:
6735:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6680:Sea level rise
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6653:stratification
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6560:
6558:
6550:
6549:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6418:Carbon leakage
6415:
6410:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6369:
6359:
6357:Climate system
6353:
6351:
6343:
6342:
6330:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6282:
6281:
6278:Climate change
6274:
6273:
6266:
6259:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6239:
6225:
6224:External links
6222:
6221:
6220:
6214:
6199:
6193:
6176:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6138:
6104:
6071:
6040:
6009:
5978:
5965:United Nations
5952:
5926:
5895:
5863:
5830:
5797:(3): 307–321.
5777:
5747:
5713:
5682:
5651:
5623:
5592:
5564:
5539:
5528:on 30 May 2016
5506:
5477:(3): 180–182.
5457:
5427:
5400:
5388:Production Gap
5375:
5354:
5342:United Nations
5323:
5297:
5216:
5180:
5100:
5043:
4962:
4926:
4893:
4873:
4842:
4788:
4758:
4727:
4702:
4638:
4615:
4587:
4574:
4561:
4539:
4516:
4481:
4470:
4461:
4443:
4432:
4421:
4410:
4399:
4376:
4338:
4327:
4302:
4268:
4228:
4197:
4194:. 4 June 2024.
4183:
4157:
4114:Climate Policy
4100:
4067:
4030:
3997:
3964:
3933:
3902:
3885:Globe and Mail
3871:
3840:(2): 142–150.
3820:
3785:
3750:
3719:
3684:
3672:
3667:Article 4(9),
3660:
3645:
3568:
3546:
3512:
3505:
3489:Andrew Dessler
3480:
3429:
3422:
3406:Andrew Dessler
3397:
3314:
3280:
3250:
3220:
3203:The Tennessean
3189:
3134:
3101:
3070:
3039:
3020:
2990:
2966:
2956:
2930:
2907:
2857:
2826:
2795:
2765:
2756:
2720:
2709:on 16 May 2017
2682:
2665:United Nations
2652:
2627:
2596:
2593:. p. 363.
2581:
2547:
2511:
2481:
2447:
2388:
2357:
2327:
2297:
2266:
2235:
2228:
2208:
2182:
2135:
2104:
2073:
2019:
1988:
1958:
1922:
1888:
1855:
1826:
1795:
1758:
1723:
1680:
1654:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1593:Climate target
1590:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1562:
1548:
1534:
1518:
1515:
1486:Dilma Rousseff
1469:
1466:
1430:
1427:
1378:Main article:
1375:
1372:
1342:Main article:
1339:
1336:
1321:sea level rise
1305:Main article:
1302:
1299:
1241:
1238:
1208:
1196:
1188:
1185:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1105:Laurent Fabius
1084:
1049:
1048:Implementation
1046:
1029:
1026:
1006:Paragraphs 6.4
1002:
999:
996:
995:
993:
990:
986:
985:
983:
980:
976:
975:
973:
970:
966:
965:
963:
960:
956:
955:
953:
950:
946:
945:
943:
940:
936:
935:
933:
930:
926:
925:
923:
920:
916:
915:
912:
909:
893:Paragraphs 6.2
889:
886:
868:
865:
841:
838:
830:name and shame
776:Main article:
773:
770:
716:
713:
711:
708:
684:United Nations
672:Main article:
669:
666:
631:
628:
616:Dilma Rousseff
592:Main article:
589:
586:
540:
537:
508:Main article:
502:Laurent Fabius
500:Movie showing
481:
478:
449:greenhouse gas
445:Kyoto Protocol
425:
422:
408:
405:
381:
378:
358:European Union
339:Kyoto Protocol
304:pre-industrial
253:climate change
235:
234:
219:
218:
214:
213:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
191:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
133:
129:
128:
122:
118:
117:
104:
100:
99:
89:
85:
84:
77:
71:
65:
59:
58:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11630:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11561:
11559:
11556:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11539:
11536:
11534:
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11481:
11479:
11476:
11474:
11471:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11279:
11276:
11274:
11271:
11269:
11266:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
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10999:
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10989:
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10976:
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10921:
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10916:
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10911:
10909:
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10904:
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10876:
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10869:
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10844:
10841:
10839:
10836:
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10826:
10824:
10821:
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10816:
10814:
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10809:
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10804:
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10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10769:
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10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
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10739:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10726:
10724:
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10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
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10681:
10679:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10659:
10656:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10588:2015 in Paris
10586:
10584:
10581:
10580:
10578:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10534:
10532:
10528:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10444:in Uzbekistan
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10334:in the Russia
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10214:in Kazakhstan
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10044:in Bangladesh
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10029:in Azerbaijan
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9961:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9921:
9919:
9915:
9905:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9895:South America
9893:
9891:
9889:
9888:North America
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9863:
9860:
9857:
9853:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9838:
9836:
9834:Organizations
9832:
9822:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9812:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9787:
9785:
9781:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9756:
9753:
9750:
9742:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9717:
9714:
9710:
9703:
9698:
9696:
9691:
9689:
9684:
9683:
9680:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9630:
9627:
9623:
9622:
9616:
9612:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9586:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9546:
9544:
9540:
9537:
9536:
9535:
9532:
9531:
9528:
9524:
9519:
9515:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9438:
9434:
9433:
9427:
9423:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9380:
9377:
9374:
9371:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9333:
9330:
9326:
9321:
9317:
9313:
9306:
9301:
9299:
9294:
9292:
9287:
9286:
9283:
9266:
9262:
9259:
9255:
9253:
9249:
9247:
9243:
9241:
9237:
9235:
9231:
9227:
9225:
9221:
9219:
9215:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9203:
9199:
9198:
9195:
9188:
9184:
9174:
9170:
9167:
9163:
9161:
9157:
9155:
9151:
9149:
9145:
9141:
9139:
9135:
9132:
9128:
9124:
9120:
9116:
9114:
9110:
9108:
9104:
9102:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9090:
9086:
9084:
9080:
9078:
9074:
9072:
9068:
9066:
9062:
9058:
9054:
9050:
9048:
9044:
9040:
9036:
9032:
9028:
9024:
9020:
9018:
9014:
9010:
9008:
9004:
9002:
8998:
8996:
8995:Yasser Arafat
8992:
8991:Yitzhak Rabin
8988:
8986:
8982:
8980:
8976:
8972:
8969:
8965:
8963:
8959:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8941:
8937:
8935:
8931:
8927:
8925:
8924:Raúl Alfonsín
8921:
8919:
8915:
8913:
8909:
8907:
8903:
8901:
8897:
8896:
8893:
8886:
8882:
8877:
8869:
8864:
8862:
8857:
8855:
8850:
8849:
8846:
8834:
8833:
8829:
8827:
8826:
8822:
8820:
8819:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8803:
8801:
8800:
8791:
8790:
8787:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8771:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8757:
8756:Earth Charter
8754:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8723:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8698:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8646:Environmental
8644:
8643:
8641:
8639:
8635:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8578:Refurbishment
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8568:Organizations
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8481:Green economy
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8466:Eco-socialism
8464:
8462:
8461:Eco-investing
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8446:Disinvestment
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8411:
8407:
8401:
8398:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8370:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8334:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8267:Marine energy
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8249:
8247:
8243:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8221:Cultured meat
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8201:
8199:
8195:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8171:
8167:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8128:
8124:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8078:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7979:Simple living
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7922:
7918:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7883:
7881:
7879:
7875:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7853:
7846:
7841:
7839:
7834:
7832:
7827:
7826:
7823:
7811:
7810:
7801:
7799:
7798:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7763:
7762:
7759:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7728:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7712:Climate model
7710:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7650:
7647:
7646:
7645:
7644:Cloud forcing
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7583:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7541:
7537:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7481:
7475:
7472:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7419:Communication
7416:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7399:Vulnerability
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7369:Flood control
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7342:
7338:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7246:
7242:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7192:
7191:reforestation
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7176:afforestation
7174:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7128:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7111:Nuclear power
7109:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7085:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7006:Carbon budget
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6982:
6978:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6906:
6902:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6844:
6843:Mental health
6841:
6840:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6785:
6784:United States
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6765:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6716:
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6668:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
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6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6638:deoxygenation
6636:
6634:
6633:acidification
6631:
6630:
6629:
6626:
6622:
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6433:
6429:
6428:from wetlands
6426:
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6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6388:Deforestation
6386:
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6370:
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6360:
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6113:Harvey, Fiona
6108:
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5706:
5702:
5701:Climate Focus
5695:
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5514:OECD (2015).
5510:
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5488:
5484:
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5472:
5468:
5461:
5445:
5441:
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5411:
5404:
5389:
5385:
5384:"2021 Report"
5379:
5371:
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5358:
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5336:
5330:
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5189:Mooney, Chris
5184:
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5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5118:
5114:
5113:Höhne, Niklas
5110:
5109:Rogelj, Joeri
5104:
5096:
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4813:(8): 083006.
4812:
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4743:(in French).
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2763:Article 21(1)
2760:
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2456:Harvey, Fiona
2451:
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2123:
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2092:
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2077:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1927:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
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1545:France portal
1535:
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1521:
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1507:
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1490:Narendra Modi
1487:
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1222:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1161:probabilistic
1157:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1120:Effectiveness
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1040:, increasing
1039:
1034:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
994:
991:
988:
987:
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981:
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910:
907:
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903:
900:
898:
894:
885:
883:
879:
874:
864:
861:
859:
853:
851:
847:
837:
835:
834:János Pásztor
832:system or as
831:
825:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:
789:
784:
779:
769:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
707:
705:
702:
698:
695:
690:
685:
681:
675:
665:
663:
658:
656:
652:
649:
645:
641:
637:
624:
623:Antonio Costa
621:
617:
613:
610:greeting the
609:
608:Narendra Modi
605:
600:
595:
585:
583:
577:
575:
567:
563:
558:
554:
551:
547:
536:
534:
530:
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520:
518:
511:
503:
477:
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371:
365:
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359:
355:
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347:
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327:
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317:
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309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:Paris Accords
242:
233:
229:
220:
215:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
190:
186:
183:
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156:
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148:
134:
130:
126:
123:
119:
113:22 April 2016
106:22 April 2016
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
56:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
10449:in Venezuela
10364:in Sri Lanka
10244:in Lithuania
10169:in Indonesia
10149:in Hong Kong
10144:in Guatemala
10014:in Australia
10004:in Argentina
9855:By continent
9783:Distinctions
9764:Positive law
9709:Human rights
9619:
9523:Regional law
9522:
9430:
9324:
9234:Khan Academy
9211:
9154:Bill Drayton
9129:(Mali), and
9125:(Tanzania),
9061:Chiaki Mukai
9031:Graça Machel
9001:Mário Soares
8830:
8823:
8816:
8809:
8797:
8721:
8486:Construction
8409:Applications
8127:Biodiversity
7886:Anthropocene
7807:
7795:
7783:
7764:
7597:Carbon cycle
7554:Measurements
7499:
7249:Society and
7133:carbon sinks
7038:Climate debt
7028:Carbon price
6850:Human rights
6685:Season creep
6643:heat content
6569:Anoxic event
6482:James Hansen
6238:at Wikiquote
6208:. Springer.
6204:
6183:
6160:. Retrieved
6152:The Guardian
6151:
6141:
6129:. Retrieved
6121:The Guardian
6120:
6107:
6095:. Retrieved
6086:
6062:. Retrieved
6054:The Guardian
6053:
6043:
6031:. Retrieved
6022:
6012:
6000:. Retrieved
5991:
5981:
5969:. Retrieved
5964:
5955:
5943:. Retrieved
5938:
5929:
5917:. Retrieved
5913:the original
5908:
5898:
5886:. Retrieved
5882:the original
5875:
5866:
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5833:
5821:. Retrieved
5794:
5790:
5780:
5768:. Retrieved
5759:
5750:
5734:
5700:
5673:. Retrieved
5665:Carbon Brief
5664:
5654:
5641:
5614:. Retrieved
5606:Carbon Brief
5605:
5595:
5584:the original
5579:
5567:
5555:. Retrieved
5551:
5542:
5530:. Retrieved
5523:the original
5509:
5474:
5470:
5460:
5448:. Retrieved
5439:
5430:
5418:. Retrieved
5403:
5391:. Retrieved
5387:
5378:
5369:
5357:
5347:12 September
5345:. Retrieved
5341:
5316:12 September
5314:. Retrieved
5237:
5233:
5219:
5207:. Retrieved
5196:
5183:
5171:. Retrieved
5127:
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5060:
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5046:
5029:
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4965:
4953:. Retrieved
4941:
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4883:
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4864:. Retrieved
4855:
4845:
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4806:
4779:. Retrieved
4770:
4761:
4749:. Retrieved
4741:Ouest France
4740:
4730:
4718:. Retrieved
4714:
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4491:
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4435:
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4367:. Retrieved
4360:the original
4351:
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4318:. Retrieved
4314:
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4285:Carbon Brief
4284:
4259:. Retrieved
4252:the original
4247:
4215:
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4174:Carbon Brief
4173:
4117:
4113:
4103:
4091:. Retrieved
4070:
4058:. Retrieved
4046:
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4010:
4000:
3988:. Retrieved
3977:
3967:
3955:. Retrieved
3946:
3936:
3924:. Retrieved
3915:
3905:
3893:. Retrieved
3884:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3837:
3833:
3823:
3811:. Retrieved
3795:
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3760:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3732:
3722:
3710:. Retrieved
3694:
3687:
3675:
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3585:
3581:
3571:
3492:
3483:
3471:. Retrieved
3451:
3445:
3432:
3409:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3337:(1): 16–26.
3334:
3330:
3317:
3305:. Retrieved
3296:
3271:. Retrieved
3262:
3253:
3241:. Retrieved
3232:
3223:
3211:. Retrieved
3202:
3192:
3180:. Retrieved
3147:
3137:
3125:. Retrieved
3114:
3104:
3094:17 September
3092:. Retrieved
3083:
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3052:
3042:
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
3002:
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2972:
2959:
2947:. Retrieved
2933:
2910:
2898:. Retrieved
2873:
2848:. Retrieved
2840:Carbon Brief
2839:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2809:Carbon Brief
2808:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2777:
2768:
2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2735:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2704:the original
2697:
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2664:
2655:
2647:the original
2640:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2609:
2599:
2590:
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2564:Carbon Brief
2563:
2538:. Retrieved
2526:
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2340:the Guardian
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2280:Carbon Brief
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2249:The Guardian
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2001:
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1970:
1961:
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1940:The Guardian
1938:
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1904:
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1875:the original
1870:
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1842:
1819:18 September
1817:. Retrieved
1808:
1798:
1790:The Guardian
1788:– via
1782:. Retrieved
1749:. Retrieved
1714:. Retrieved
1702:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
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