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Panhellenic Liberation Organization

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1486: 1363: 1229: 1109: 1652: 1556: 1438: 397:. By the end of the month the conflict between the two group had escalated into a civil war which continued until December. ELAS managed to destroy PAO's armed units, before they managed to regroup in Chalkidiki. In January 1944, the remnant of PAO, consisting of several hundred men, requested aid from the German authorities and they were reformed into collaborationist, counter-insurgency units. Under German direction, PAO took part in operations against ELAS, while attacking the Bulgarian army with the tacit approval of the Germans. From then on PAO operated under the umbrella of the 1748: 1264: 1168: 1521: 1403: 331:
Organization (PAO) and absorbed former members of National Social Defense (EKA) a small right wing resistance organization. PAO's armed wing was named National Army (ES), it also formed a women's branch called PAOE and youth branch called PAON. PAO also illegally published a newspaper called National Voice (EF), its first edition was published in Thessaloniki on 25 May 1943. Its 500 to 1,000 copies were distributed to young officers. Its other branches likewise published their own newspapers. In the
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or other autonomists. EAM-ELAS constantly viewed any group not belonging to itself with distrust and accused them as "collaborators", but in many cases it was a self-fulfilling prophecy, as ELAS's attacks on the right-wing groups forced the remnants of the latter to make common cause with the Germans
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At the same time, however, ELAS began forcibly disarming smaller non-communist guerrilla groups and either amalgamating them in its own ranks or disbanding them entirely. ELAS justified its action by accusing YBE and other right-wing groups of collaboration with the German occupation authorities, a
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failed and the population was subjected to mass reprisals. Hundreds of Greeks were killed, dozens of villages were razed and thousands of people were made refugees. YBE’s persistence with non-violent resistance proved to be unpopular, costing it many defections. In early 1943, agents of the British
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Georgios Themelis, issued a declaration which stated that whoever fights the Germans is an enemy of Greece. Their pleas fell on deaf ears, as the Germans continued to tolerate if not encourage Bulgarian efforts. YBE then shifted its focus towards smuggling fighters into the Middle East, where they
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As part of this effort, the leadership of YBE agreed to embrace armed struggle, forming guerilla bands in rural areas. A parallel increase in Axis atrocities after the entry of Bulgarian troops into western Macedonia, reinforced their decision. In July 1943, YBE was renamed Panhellenic Liberation
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On 10 July 1941, army officers Majors I. Papathanassiou, Th. Barbas, E. Dortas and Captain Anastasios Sakellaridis founded Defenders of Northern Greece (YBE), a Greek nationalist resistance organization. Its goals were the preservation of the territorial integrity of Greece and the countering any
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Consequently, from the moment of PAO's formation, relations with ELAS were strained and no effort was put into combining their operations. PAO managed to gain the support of the Turkish-speaking Pontic Greeks, who maintained independent resistance networks and were similarly anti-communist. In
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in Athens, committing numerous atrocities. Its field commanders Vichos and Dangoulas signed a declaration, pledging to fight the Allies alongside Germany, while others such as Michalagas wore German army uniforms. Only in eastern Macedonia, which lay inside the Bulgarian occupation zone, were
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for the inclusion of Greek Macedonia into a greater "autonomous Macedonia", which would inevitably fall under Yugoslav or Bulgarian hegemony. Its headquarters were located in the offices of the Prefecture Inspection Service of the General Administration of
3196: 277:. Nevertheless, like most resistance groups at the time, by 1943 did accept vague references to post-war "socialism" and accepted the entry of socialist members into its ranks. The organization it was a fierce opponent of EAM-ELAS, especially given the 1838: 417:
significantly weakened the communists, while the Greek army and gendarmerie were reformed by former members of anti-communist resistance organizations, including former collaborators. The political conflict in Greece continued until the end of the
236:. The Bulgarian language was made compulsory in all administrative matters, as well as in the education and liturgy. Businessmen were forced to accept Bulgarian partners or even hand their property over to Bulgarian control. Efforts to promote 393:
August, ELAS fighters in the area of Kilkis began pressuring PAO insurgents into disarming. When ELAS applied the same tactic on the Turkish-speaking Pontians, the latter murdered seven regional ELAS commanders in the village of Imera, near
211:, expecting a swift victory but the invasion failed and the Italians were pushed back into Albania. As the war dragged on, on 6 April 1941 Germany was forced to intervene to support its struggling ally. The small Greek force defending the 191:), employing methods of non violent resistance. In 1943, YVE was renamed as the Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO), shifting its focus towards armed struggle. In the August of the same year it came into conflict with 2832: 269:
Bulgarian attempts to absorb Greek Macedonia. Its membership was drawn mostly from the pre-war military and the still functioning state administration, and politically belonged to the right, professing loyalty to the
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region fell under the command of Captain Thanasis Skordas and Lieutenant Vasilis Kiparissis respectively. PAO's main force, consisting of the 19th Battalion, was led by Spyros "Strymonas" Spiridis, stationed around
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on the Greco–Bulgarian border was defeated by the better equipped and numerically superior Germans. The German penetration deep into Greece made further resistance at the Albanian front pointless, ending the
2009: 1850: 384:, regarded the Germans as a less serious enemy than the Bulgarians or the Communists". Despite their anti-autonomist ideology PAO never participated in military engagements against the Italian army, the 240:
were also enacted in the German-controlled Greek Macedonia, through the creation of Bulgarian clubs in all major towns. The first resistance organization in northern Greece was founded in May 1941;
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was the theater of operations for three bands, commanded by Panagiotis Koutridis, Giorgos Arvanitidis and Lefteris Tsaousidis Tsochos. Most of PAO's membership was composed of western
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YBE hoped to halt Bulgarian encroachment in Macedonia by proving their loyalty to the German authorities and in turn gaining their support. YBE member and prefect of
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Maratzidis, Nikos (2000). "Ethnic Identity, Memory and Political Behaviour: The Case of Turkish-Speaking Pontian Greeks".
741:"Greek Resistance 1941–45: Organization, Achievements and Contributions to the Allied War Efforts Against the Axis Powers" 975: 410:, able to resist ELAS. By June 1944, swelled by officers from PAO and EDES, they were the dominant force in the region. 2331: 792: 253: 829:[The First Round of the Civil War in the German Governed Western Part of Strymonas, September–December 1943]. 413:
ELAS remained the dominant resistance organization in the rest of northern Greece until the end of the war. After the
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by Germany, Italy and Bulgaria. Unlike Italy and Germany, Bulgaria did not administer eastern
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Greek nationalist, anti-communist resistance and collaborationist organization during WWII
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it controlled through Greek collaborators, but annexed the area to form the province of
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The participation and activity of women in the National Resistance (1941-1944)
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Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
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and become influenced by the latter in their political convictions.
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and its remnants turned towards collaboration with the Germans.
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Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
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Crown and Swastika, Greece of the Occupation and the Resistance
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in the favor of the Axis Powers. Greece was subjected to a
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Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
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nationalist resistance organizations, chiefly that of
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
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The Civil Wars: Local Aspects of the Greek Civil War
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The units in the 165:Πανελλήνιος Απελευθερωτική Οργάνωσις (ΠΑΟ) 2904:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") 2763:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") 2686:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA) 942: 861: 801: 710: 656: 632: 620: 512: 476: 2735:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI) 2681:National Republican Greek League (EDES) 738: 722: 3475: 3503:Greek collaborators with Nazi Germany 3453:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis? 3306: 3155: 2950: 2693:National and Social Liberation (EKKA) 2420:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN) 2415:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) 2313: 1617: 1009: 971: 778: 644: 608: 500: 488: 464: 169:Panellinios Apeleftherotiki Organosis 2725:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ) 2497:Protests against labour mobilization 183:(Υπερασπισταί Βορείου Ελλάδος, YBE; 2914:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing") 880:South European Society and Politics 157:Panhellenic Liberation Organization 22:Panhellenic Liberation Organization 13: 949:The Struggle for Greece, 1941-1949 783:The Origins of the Greek Civil War 315:(SOE) landed in Greece to execute 14: 3529: 3307: 2410:Union of People's Democracy (ELD) 952:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 924:Modern and Contemporary Macedonia 362:Greco-Turkish population exchange 3488:1944 disestablishments in Greece 1819: 1746: 1650: 1554: 1519: 1484: 1436: 1401: 1361: 1262: 1227: 1166: 1107: 1012:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign 321:National Republican Greek League 2405:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE) 2400:Communist Party of Greece (KKE) 2094:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos 944:Woodhouse, Christopher Montague 846:Kypouropoulou, Georgia (2014). 825:Hatzianastasiou, Tasos (2001). 2206:Greek National Socialist Party 2201:National Union of Greece (EEE) 1504:Central Macedonia Army Section 1499:Eastern Macedonia Army Section 1252:Western Macedonia Army Section 258:Greek People's Liberation Army 193:Greek People's Liberation Army 1: 3483:1941 establishments in Greece 2921:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe 731: 339:members Aiantas Tsamaloukas, 306:. In September, the ELAS-led 202: 3508:Thessaloniki in World War II 2783:Execution of Josef Salminger 1620:Occupation and collaboration 915:Stefanidis, Yiannis (1992). 313:Special Operations Executive 263: 185:Yperaspistai Voreiou Ellados 181:Defenders of Northern Greece 119:Special Operations Executive 7: 3157:Liberation and road to the 2819:Expulsion of Cham Albanians 2077:Jewish cemetery of Salonica 1928:Cephalonia (Acqui Division) 403:collaborationist government 335:area, PAO was commanded by 10: 3534: 3390:Captain Corelli's Mandolin 3346:Holocaust Museum of Greece 1982:Larissa concentration camp 1977:Haidari concentration camp 1191:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca 999:Greece during World War II 787:. Addison-Wesley Longman. 757:10.1177/002071529904000204 207:On 28 October 1940, Italy 3374: 3351:Kalavryta Massacre Museum 3333: 3317: 3313: 3302: 3249: 3179: 3165: 3151: 3071: 3025: 2974: 2959: 2953:Greek government-in-exile 2946: 2891: 2845: 2831: 2811: 2750: 2673: 2597: 2590: 2563:5/42 Regiment dissolution 2550: 2464: 2392: 2341: 2330: 2326: 2309: 2276: 2214: 2183: 2117: 2106: 2087:Expropriation of property 2062:Bulgarian-occupied Greece 2052: 2000: 1870: 1817: 1744: 1648: 1639: 1630: 1626: 1613: 1552: 1517: 1482: 1473: 1434: 1399: 1359: 1352: 1311: 1298: 1260: 1225: 1218: 1164: 1105: 1098: 1035: 1022: 1018: 1005: 892:10.1080/13608740508539614 802:Fleischer, Hagen (1995). 304:Greek government-in-exile 271:Greek government in exile 254:National Liberation Front 177:Axis occupation of Greece 164: 134: 115:Greek government-in-exile 110: 94: 86: 70: 56: 46: 36: 26: 21: 3493:Anti-communism in Greece 3432:The 11th Day: Crete 1941 3187:National Bands Agreement 3048:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 2833:British Military Mission 2441:National Solidarity (EA) 2010:Greek economy, 1941–1944 1724:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller 1539:2nd New Zealand Division 1083:Italian spring offensive 917:"Macedonia in the 1940s" 779:Close, David H. (1995). 596:, pp. 173–178, 181. 491:, pp. xiv, 94, 104. 425: 3366:Thessaloniki War Museum 3058:Christodoulos Tsigantes 3053:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos 2883:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz 1544:6th Australian Division 1386:Konstantinos Bakopoulos 1132:Charalambos Katsimitros 739:Chimbos, Peter (1999). 2542:Killing of Franz Krech 2289:Executions of Kokkinia 2175:Dionysios Papadongonas 2170:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos 1584:1st Parachute Division 1303:(April–May 1941) 1151:Dimitrios Papadopoulos 209:declared war on Greece 90:Several hundred (1944) 3267:Archbishop Damaskinos 3224:Percentages agreement 2650:Konstantinos Ventiris 2037:Occupation Reichsmark 1589:5th Mountain Division 1416:Henry Maitland Wilson 1242:8th Infantry Division 3439:The Guns of Navarone 3404:Ill Met by Moonlight 3083:3rd Mountain Brigade 2878:George Psychoundakis 2863:Patrick Leigh Fermor 2527:Pinerolo disarmament 2125:Georgios Tsolakoglou 1534:1st Armoured Brigade 1526:British Commonwealth 1408:British Commonwealth 1391:Georgios Tsolakoglou 1137:Konstantinos Davakis 672:Hatzianastasiou 2001 594:Hatzianastasiou 2001 555:Hatzianastasiou 2001 337:Hellenic Gendarmerie 3418:Ipolochagos Natassa 3262:Georgios Papandreou 3038:Emmanouil Tsouderos 2909:Operation "Animals" 2899:Operation "Albumen" 2620:Komninos Pyromaglou 2578:Red Terror (Greece) 2522:1943 Athens protest 2487:Gorgopotamos Bridge 2384:Evripidis Bakirtzis 2332:National Liberation 2227:Alcibiades Diamandi 2191:Security Battalions 2165:George S. Mercouris 2140:Sotirios Gotzamanis 2082:Baron Hirsch ghetto 1709:XXII Mountain Corps 1509:Epirus Army Section 1247:Epirus Army Section 863:10.12681/eadd/35089 725:, pp. 254–255. 674:, pp. 178–188. 557:, pp. 173–174. 399:Security Battalions 341:Konstantinos Mitsou 281:'s well publicized 128:Security Battalions 57:Active regions 3356:Kalpaki War Museum 3209:Lebanon Conference 3075:in the Middle East 3073:Greek Armed Forces 3063:Pafsanias Katsotas 3043:Sofoklis Venizelos 2730:Hellenic Army (ES) 2665:Kimonas Zografakis 2640:Vasileios Sachinis 2625:Antonis Fosteridis 2591:Non-EAM resistance 2256:Cham collaboration 2237:Vassilis Rapotikas 2160:Nikolaos Bourantas 2155:Friedrich Schubert 2130:K. Logothetopoulos 1780:Carlo Vecchiarelli 1381:Alexandros Papagos 1127:Alexandros Papagos 713:, pp. 50, 66. 699:Kypouropoulou 2014 582:Kypouropoulou 2014 567:Kypouropoulou 2014 528:Kypouropoulou 2014 467:, pp. 64, 95. 453:Kypouropoulou 2014 38:Dates of operation 3470: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3383:Aera! Aera! 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985: 978: 969: 968: 963: 939: 937: 935: 921: 911: 874: 872: 870: 865: 842: 840: 838: 821: 798: 786: 775: 773: 771: 726: 720: 714: 708: 702: 696: 690: 684: 675: 669: 660: 654: 648: 642: 636: 630: 624: 618: 612: 606: 597: 591: 585: 579: 570: 564: 558: 552: 546: 540: 531: 525: 516: 510: 504: 498: 492: 486: 480: 474: 468: 462: 456: 450: 444: 438: 218:Battle of Greece 166: 99:Greek Resistance 39: 19: 18: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3473: 3472: 3471: 3458: 3375:Popular culture 3370: 3329: 3309: 3286: 3272:Georgios Grivas 3245: 3194: 3192:Plaka agreement 3161: 3135: 3074: 3067: 3021: 2966: 2955: 2930: 2887: 2858:Monty Woodhouse 2823: 2807: 2746: 2669: 2645:Lela Karagianni 2635:Ilias Degiannis 2630:Kostas Perrikos 2605:Napoleon Zervas 2582: 2546: 2517:Kournovo Tunnel 2460: 2388: 2333: 2322: 2293: 2272: 2210: 2179: 2150:Georgios Poulos 2109: 2098: 2048: 2039: 2032:Compulsory loan 2002: 1996: 1862: 1848: 1846:Trifon Trifonov 1836: 1818: 1813: 1802:VIII Army Corps 1792: 1745: 1740: 1675:Walter Schimana 1649: 1641: 1632: 1622: 1593: 1553: 1548: 1518: 1513: 1483: 1465: 1435: 1430: 1400: 1395: 1360: 1348: 1302: 1301: 1300:German invasion 1286: 1261: 1256: 1226: 1210: 1165: 1160: 1156:Georgios Kosmas 1122:Ioannis Metaxas 1106: 1094: 1026: 1025: 1014: 1001: 996: 966: 960: 933: 931: 919: 868: 866: 836: 834: 818: 795: 769: 767: 734: 729: 721: 717: 709: 705: 697: 693: 687:Maratzidis 2000 685: 678: 670: 663: 655: 651: 643: 639: 631: 627: 619: 615: 607: 600: 592: 588: 580: 573: 565: 561: 553: 549: 543:Stefanidis 1992 541: 534: 526: 519: 511: 507: 499: 495: 487: 483: 475: 471: 463: 459: 451: 447: 441:Stefanidis 1992 439: 432: 428: 420:Greek Civil War 374:Chris Woodhouse 283:pre-war support 266: 205: 145: 141: 122: 102: 79: 37: 31:Spyros Spiridis 17: 12: 11: 5: 3531: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3435: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3413: 3412: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3386: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3321: 3319: 3311: 3310: 3300: 3299: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3189: 3183: 3181: 3174: 3163: 3162: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3131:336th Squadron 3128: 3126:335th Squadron 3123: 3118: 3111: 3104: 3097: 3094:Vasilissa Olga 3090: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3033:King George II 3029: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2978: 2976: 2975:Events/Battles 2969: 2957: 2956: 2944: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2906: 2901: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2873:Themis Marinos 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2849: 2847: 2840: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2701: 2700: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2660:Petrakogiorgis 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2601: 2599: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2472:Drama uprising 2468: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2359:Andreas Tzimas 2356: 2351: 2345: 2343: 2336: 2324: 2323: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2145:Georgios Bakos 2142: 2137: 2135:Ioannis Rallis 2132: 2127: 2121: 2119: 2112: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2064: 2058: 2056: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2046: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2012: 2006: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1843: 1830: 1828: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1790:III Army Corps 1787: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1761:Angelico Carta 1757: 1755: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1729:Fortress Crete 1713: 1712: 1711: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1692:Hellmuth Felmy 1689: 1688: 1687: 1680:Alexander Löhr 1677: 1672: 1667: 1661: 1659: 1643: 1634: 1624: 1623: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1565: 1563: 1550: 1549: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1530: 1528: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1495: 1493: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1447: 1445: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1412: 1410: 1397: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1376:King George II 1372: 1370: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1334:Kleisoura Pass 1331: 1326: 1321: 1315: 1313: 1306: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1273: 1271: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1220: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1186:Galeazzo Ciano 1183: 1177: 1175: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1118: 1116: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1039: 1037: 1030: 1016: 1015: 1003: 1002: 995: 994: 987: 980: 972: 965: 964: 958: 940: 912: 875: 843: 822: 816: 799: 794:978-0582064713 793: 776: 751:(2): 251–269. 735: 733: 730: 728: 727: 715: 711:Woodhouse 2002 703: 691: 676: 661: 657:Woodhouse 2002 649: 647:, p. 104. 637: 633:Woodhouse 2002 625: 621:Woodhouse 2002 613: 611:, p. 114. 598: 586: 571: 559: 547: 532: 517: 513:Woodhouse 2002 505: 493: 481: 477:Woodhouse 2002 469: 457: 445: 429: 427: 424: 389:against ELAS. 354:Western Thrace 308:Drama uprising 265: 262: 256:(EAM) and its 230:Western Thrace 204: 201: 151: 150: 136: 132: 131: 112: 108: 107: 104:Hellenic State 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 77:Anti-communism 74: 68: 67: 65:Western Thrace 58: 54: 53: 48: 44: 43: 40: 34: 33: 28: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3530: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308:Commemoration 3305: 3301: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3277:Angelos Evert 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3257:Ronald Scobie 3255: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3150: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3121:13th Squadron 3119: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2715:Prometheus II 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2699: 2698:5/42 Regiment 2696: 2695: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2674:Organizations 2672: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2393:Organizations 2391: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2254: 2250: 2249:Andon Kalchev 2247: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2215:Secessionists 2213: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2184:Organizations 2182: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2105: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2054:The Holocaust 2051: 2043: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1635: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1522: 1516: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1456:Sepp Dietrich 1454: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1421:Thomas Blamey 1419: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1297: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1265: 1259: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1230: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1201:Ugo Cavallero 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1142:Markos Drakos 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1053:Korytsa/Korcë 1051: 1049: 1048:Elaia–Kalamas 1046: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1000: 993: 988: 986: 981: 979: 974: 973: 970: 961: 955: 951: 950: 945: 941: 929: 925: 918: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 876: 864: 859: 855: 851: 850: 844: 832: 828: 823: 819: 813: 809: 805: 800: 796: 790: 785: 784: 777: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 736: 724: 719: 712: 707: 701:, p. 69. 700: 695: 688: 683: 681: 673: 668: 666: 659:, p. 66. 658: 653: 646: 641: 635:, p. 35. 634: 629: 623:, p. 34. 622: 617: 610: 605: 603: 595: 590: 583: 578: 576: 568: 563: 556: 551: 544: 539: 537: 530:, p. 66. 529: 524: 522: 514: 509: 503:, p. 19. 502: 497: 490: 485: 479:, p. 28. 478: 473: 466: 461: 455:, p. 65. 454: 449: 442: 437: 435: 430: 423: 421: 416: 411: 409: 404: 400: 396: 390: 387: 383: 379: 375: 369: 367: 363: 359: 358:Pontic Greeks 355: 351: 346: 342: 338: 334: 328: 326: 322: 318: 314: 309: 305: 301: 296: 291: 289: 284: 280: 276: 272: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 238:Bulgarisation 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 214: 210: 200: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 162: 158: 148: 144: 140: 137: 133: 129: 125: 120: 116: 113: 109: 105: 100: 97: 93: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75: 73: 69: 66: 62: 59: 55: 52: 49: 45: 41: 35: 32: 29: 25: 20: 3451: 3438: 3430: 3425:Mediterraneo 3423: 3416: 3402: 3388: 3381: 3241:White Terror 3114: 3107: 3100: 3093: 2768:Agia Kyriaki 2758:ESPO bombing 2740: 2704: 2512:Sarantaporos 2482:Mikro Chorio 2222:Roman Legion 2067:Thessaloniki 2015:Great Famine 2003:exploitation 1858:Asen Sirakov 1776:Carlo Geloso 1771:Piero Parini 1720:Bruno Bräuer 1685:Army Group E 1579:Luftflotte 4 1461:Kurt Student 1451:Wilhelm List 1324:Metaxas Line 1206:Carlo Geloso 1196:Ubaldo Soddu 1073:Klisura Pass 948: 932:. Retrieved 927: 923: 886:(3): 56–69. 883: 879: 867:. Retrieved 853: 848: 835:. Retrieved 830: 807: 803: 782: 768:. Retrieved 748: 744: 723:Chimbos 1999 718: 706: 694: 652: 640: 628: 616: 589: 562: 550: 508: 496: 484: 472: 460: 448: 412: 408:Tsaous Anton 391: 386:Vlach Legion 370: 366:Soviet Union 329: 292: 288:Thessaloniki 267: 241: 213:Metaxas Line 206: 188: 184: 180: 172: 168: 156: 154: 121:(1941–1943) 101:(1941–1943) 51:Thessaloniki 47:Headquarters 3229:Dekemvriana 3195: [ 3170:Prelude to 3115:Papanikolis 3088:Sacred Band 2992:Wadi Akarit 2982:Mareth Line 2853:Eddie Myers 2502:Fardykambos 2334:Front (EAM) 2320:Free Greece 2266:Xhemil Dino 2040: [ 1953:Kallikratis 1849: [ 1837: [ 1834:Ivan Markov 1793: [ 1704:Hubert Lanz 1640:Leaders and 1339:Thermopylae 1063:Morava–Ivan 246:Venizelists 149:(1941–1943) 3477:Categories 3204:Red Terror 2997:Dodecanese 2987:El Alamein 2892:Operations 2812:Atrocities 2751:Operations 2551:Atrocities 2537:Agorelitsa 2465:Operations 2316:Resistance 2284:Paramythia 2277:Atrocities 2110:government 2072:Zvi Koretz 1992:Chortiatis 1957:Kali Sykia 1871:Atrocities 1807:XXVI Corps 1736:Max Merten 1078:Trebeshina 732:References 645:Close 1995 609:Close 1995 501:Close 1995 489:Close 1995 465:Close 1995 382:Yugoslavia 378:Mihailović 345:Chalkidiki 323:(EDES) in 242:Eleutheria 203:Background 3172:Civil War 3159:civil war 3017:Santorini 2788:Xirovouni 2741:others... 2568:Meligalas 1972:Kleisoura 1933:Mesovouno 1918:Domenikon 1908:Lingiades 1903:Kalavryta 1888:Alikianos 1878:Kondomari 1785:11th Army 1631:Occupying 1282:11th Army 908:145501714 900:1360-8746 833:: 173–188 765:220874784 279:Comintern 275:George II 273:and King 264:Operation 250:Communist 234:Belomorie 226:Macedonia 197:civil war 147:Wehrmacht 135:Opponents 124:Wehrmacht 61:Macedonia 42:1941–1944 3108:Katsonis 2967:in exile 2261:Këshilla 2027:DEGRIGES 2001:Economic 1883:Kandanos 1826:Bulgaria 1642:commands 1277:9th Army 1088:Hill 731 946:(2002). 930:: 64–103 869:21 March 143:EAM-ELAS 139:Bulgaria 72:Ideology 3334:Museums 3325:Ohi Day 2835: ( 2793:Trahili 2492:Meritsa 1962:Anogeia 1948:Viannos 1943:Vorizia 1923:Drakeia 1913:Distomo 1898:Kommeno 1657:Germany 1561:Germany 1443:Germany 1353:Leaders 1312:Battles 1099:Leaders 1058:Saranda 1036:Battles 350:Nigrita 302:of the 95:Part of 27:Leaders 3318:Events 3250:People 3180:Events 3101:Adrias 3026:People 3007:Rimini 2846:People 2803:Dodona 2798:Menina 2720:Apollo 2598:People 2573:Kilkis 2532:Steiri 2342:People 2244:Ohrana 2118:People 1967:Kedros 1938:Pyrgoi 1893:Doxato 1633:powers 1491:Greece 1368:Greece 1234:Greece 1114:Greece 1068:Himara 1043:Pindus 956:  906:  898:  814:  791:  763:  395:Kozani 333:Kilkis 325:Epirus 130:(1944) 111:Allies 106:(1944) 3199:] 2773:Milia 2507:Porta 2044:] 1853:] 1841:] 1797:] 1753:Italy 1475:Units 1344:Crete 1269:Italy 1219:Units 1173:Italy 934:8 May 920:(PDF) 904:S2CID 852:[ 837:8 May 806:[ 770:8 May 761:S2CID 426:Notes 295:Pella 252:-led 161:Greek 3445:film 3410:film 3396:film 3012:Symi 2477:Ryka 2429:and 2318:and 2020:GWRA 1955:and 1778:and 1722:and 1329:Vevi 1144:and 954:ISBN 936:2016 896:ISSN 871:2021 839:2016 812:ISBN 789:ISBN 772:2016 155:The 87:Size 63:and 2837:SOE 888:doi 858:doi 753:doi 380:in 290:. 189:YVE 173:PAO 3479:: 3197:el 2042:el 1851:bg 1839:bg 1795:it 1718:, 926:. 922:. 902:. 894:. 882:. 759:. 749:40 747:. 743:. 679:^ 664:^ 601:^ 574:^ 535:^ 520:^ 433:^ 352:. 187:, 167:, 163:: 126:, 117:, 2839:) 991:e 984:t 977:v 962:. 938:. 928:2 910:. 890:: 884:5 873:. 860:: 841:. 820:. 797:. 774:. 755:: 171:( 159:(

Index

Spyros Spiridis
Thessaloniki
Macedonia
Western Thrace
Ideology
Anti-communism
Greek nationalism
Greek Resistance
Hellenic State
Greek government-in-exile
Special Operations Executive
Wehrmacht
Security Battalions
Bulgaria
EAM-ELAS
Wehrmacht
Greek
Axis occupation of Greece
Greek People's Liberation Army
civil war
declared war on Greece
Metaxas Line
Battle of Greece
triple occupation
Macedonia
Western Thrace
Belomorie
Bulgarisation
Venizelists
Communist

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