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228:, the god of the crucial life-giving annual Nile inundation, who binds their stems together around an offering table in the sema-tawi motif – itself echoing the shapes of the 'akhet' of the horizon. This unification scene appeared on the base of the throne of several kings, who were thought of as preserving the union of the two lands of (upper and lower, but also physical and spiritual) Egypt and thereby mastering the forces of renewal. These 'binding' scenes, and the heliotropic swamp plants appearing in them, evoked the necessity of discerning and revealing the underlying harmony, the origin of all manifest forms, that re-connects the dispersed and separate-seeming fragments of everyday experience. The further implication is that it is from this apparently occult and magical, undivided source that fertility and new life spring.
818:
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250:. The lotus in Nefertem's head dress typically incorporates twin 'menats' or necklace counterpoises (commonly said to represent fertility) hanging down from the base of the flower on either side of the stem, recalling the symmetrically drooping pair of stems in the lotus and papyrus clumps mentioned above. When depicted on Egyptian tomb walls and in formalized garden scenes, date palms are invariably shown in a similar stylistic convention with a cluster of dates hanging down on either side below the crown in this same position. The link between these hanging clusters and the volutes of the palmette is visually clear, but remains inexplicit. Rising and setting sun and opening and closing lotus are linked by the
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262:("underworld") and be born anew each morning. The plants depicted with this solar fan of fronds or petals and 'supported' by pairs of pendant blooms, buds or fruit clusters all seem especially to emulate and share in the sun's sacrificial cycle of death and rebirth and to point to the lessons it holds for mankind. It seems likely that the underlying model for all these fertile shapes, echoed by the curling cows-horn wig and sistrum-volutes of maternity-goddess
232:
625:
270:. When the sun is reborn in the morning it is said to be born from the womb of Nut. The stylized palmette-forms of the lotus and papyrus showing the solar rosette or daisy-wheel emerging from the volutes of the calyx are similar magical enactments of the 'akhet' – this sacred moment of enhanced creation, the act of transcending or surpassing one's mortal form and 'going forth by day' as an
1512:
1313:
282:, often interspersed with scenes of heroic deeds, the same motif is bound within a leaf-shaped or lotus-bud shaped outer line. The outer line can be seen to have evolved from an alternating frieze of stylized lotus and palmette. This anticipates the form it often took – from Renaissance sculpture through to Baroque fountains – of the inside of a half
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of Tibet and South-East Asia, the symmetrically scrolled cloud and bat motifs and the similarly scrolled ruyi or ju-i scepter and lingzhi or fungus of longevity of the
Chinese tradition. Both as a form of the lotus rising from the swamps to touch the sun and as a (palm) tree reaching from earth to
652:
vase of the 6th century BC (see gallery), shows how the sacrificial offering alluded to by the voluted altar and flame, the wings of the goddess and the victory being celebrated, all resonate with the same multiple underlying associations carried within the component forms of the palmette motif.
114:
The essence of the palmette is a symmetrical group of spreading "fronds" that spread out from a single base, normally widening as they go out, before ending at a rounded or fairly blunt pointed tip. There may be a central frond that is larger than the rest. The number of fronds is variable, but
386:
curling out sideways and downwards from the base of the leaves. The upper part recalls the thrusting growth of leaves and flowers, while the volutes of the lower part seem to suggest both contributing fertile energies and resulting fruits. It is often present on the necking of the capital of
219:
hieroglyph depicting the setting or rising sun at the point where it touches the two mountains of the horizon – 'dying', being 'reborn' and giving life to the earth. A second form, apparently evolved from this, is a more fully developed palmette similar to the forms found in
Ancient Greece.
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936:
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378:, the palmette and anthemion take many and varied forms. Typically, the upper part of the motif consists of five or more leaves or petals fanning rhythmically upwards from a single triangular or lozenge-shaped source at the base. In some instances
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of the palm tree. Similar lotus flower and bud borders, closely associated with palmettes and rosettes, also appeared in
Mesopotamia. There appears to be an equivalence between the horns of horned creatures, the wings of winged beings including
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1050:
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From the 5th century, palmettes tended to have sharply splaying leaves. From the 4th century however, the end of the leaves tend to turn in, forming what is called the "flame palmette" design. This is the design that was adopted in
294:
and was typically flanked by a pair of dolphins or became a vehicle drawn by sea-horses. Later, this circular or oval outer line became a motif in itself, forming an open C-shape with the two in-growing scrolls at its tips. Much
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Most early
Egyptian forms of the motif appear later in Crete, Mesopotamia, Assyria and Ancient Persia, including the daisy-wheel-style lotus and bud border. In the form of the palmette that appears most frequently on
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Third is a version consisting of a clump of lotus or papyrus blooms on tall stems, with a drooping bud or flower on either side, arising from a (primal) swamp. The lotus and papyrus clump occur in association with
210:
representing lower and upper Egypt and their fertile union, before it became associated with the palm tree. From earliest times there was a strong association with the sun and it is probably an early form of the
21:
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It is thought that the palmette originated in ancient Egypt 2,500 years BC, and has influenced Greek art. Egyptian palmettes (Greek anthemia) were originally based on features of various flowers, including the
1007:
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Even everyday garden gates throughout
Western suburbia are topped with almost identical pairs of scrolls seemingly derived from the motifs associated with the akhet and the palmette, including the related
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and both the fan and the volutes of the palmette; there is also an underlying 'V' shape in each of these forms that parallels the association of the palm itself with victory, energy and optimism.
303:
furniture, stucco ornament or wrought-iron work of gates and balconies is made up of ever-varying combinations these C-scrolls, either on their own, back to back, or in support of full palmettes.
790:
760:, which included the coronation mantle displaying the twin lions (recalling the twin lions of Aker above) guarding the palm in the form of a tree of life, with its two pendant clusters of fruit.
1408:
1719:
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337:, god of the Nile inundation: by making offerings and ensuring that Upper and Lower Egypt remain unified, the Pharaoh helps to guarantee that the annual flood of the Nile will recur
1344:
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and the volutes sometimes appear as breasts. Common to all these forms is the pair of volutes at the base of the fan – constituting the defining characteristics of the palmette.
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In some variants the features of a more fully developed face become discernible in the palmette itself, while in certain architectural uses, usually at the head of
1797:
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215:. Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt was a 'rosette' or daisy-like lotus flower emerging from a 'V' of foliage or petals resembling the
309:
1477:
2262:
2340:
1657:
776:
286:, in which the palm fronds have become the fan of the shell and the scrolls remain at the convergence of the fan. Here the shape was associated with
2100:
1774:
1399:
2144:
2005:
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102:, bisected vertically, is also a very common motif, found in many mutated and vestigial forms, and especially important in the development of
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hang down on either side above the base and below the lowest leaves. The lower part consists of a symmetrical pair of elegant 'S' scrolls or
2772:
Helene J. Kantor, Plant
Ornament in the Ancient Near East, Revised: 11 August 1999, Copyright 1999 Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
430:
centuries before, the unnatural combination of various botanical elements which have no relationship in the wild, such as the palmette, the
1519:
1481:
2388:
604:. In later Assyrian versions of the Tree of Life, the feathered falcon wings of the Egyptian winged disk have become associated with the
33:
2247:
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Another variant of this motif is a single lotus bloom between two upright buds, a favourite fragrant offering. The god of fragrance,
768:
and sun disk flanked with a pair of eyes. Churchyard gates, tombs and gravestones bear the motif over and again in different forms.
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958:
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flowers, is a purely Greek innovation, which was then adopted on a very broad geographical scale throughout the
Hellenistic world.
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827:
271:
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129:
In some forms of the motif the volutes or scrolls resemble a pair of eyes, like those on the harmika of the
Tibetan or Nepalese
2128:
1173:
737:, said to have been bestowed on early French kings by an angel, evolved in Egypt and Mesopotamia as a variant of the palmette.
1948:
347:
2731:
2656:
2635:
2184:
1973:
E.H. Gombrich, The Sense of Order, A study in the psychology of decorative art, PHAIDON second edition, London 1984 page 181
1696:
399:(top-most slab) of the capital and springing out from a pair of volutes which, in some versions, give rise to the elaborate
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2542:
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804:
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legend to day and night, life and death and the nightly ordeal of the setting sun to be swallowed by night-sky goddess
2822:
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2780:
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118:
In the repeated border design commonly referred to as anthemion the palm fronds more closely resemble petals of the
1217:
907:
Assyrian palmettes of different types on a carved ivory piece from Nimrud, 9th-7th centuries BC, ivory, Iraq Museum
2414:
2170:
588:. Other examples from ancient Egypt are the alternating lotus flower and bud border designs, the winged disk of
52:
is a motif in decorative art which, in its most characteristic expression, resembles the fan-shaped leaves of a
669:
arches and on the doors, windows, wrought iron gates and balconies of palaces and grand houses; the shell-like
418:
1762:
823:
422:
Ancient Greek bronze handle of a hydria (water jar), decorated with a pair of palmettes, early 5th century BC
316:
216:
203:
2082:
The Art of
Ancient Egypt | Publications for Educators | Explore & Learn | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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architecture and became very popular on a wide geographical scale. This is the design that was adopted by
379:
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2292:
942:
839:
180:
41:
1706:, unknown architect, designed most probably around 1900, but the metro station was inaugurated in 1931
84:, whether carved or painted, and painted on ceramics. It is very often a component of the design of a
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1499:
279:
2148:
2013:
1907:
3072:
3042:
1983:
3032:
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2792:
Ernst H. Gombrich, The Sense of Order, A Study in the
Psychology of Decorative Art, Phaidon, 1985
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1878:
1676:
1391:
1320:
1193:
522:
407:
145:
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palmette motifs existed both as a form of flower and as a stylized tree, often referred to as a
179:
Examples of the eyes and sun-disk at the crowns of two Egyptian steles. The first one is in the
3174:
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702:
375:
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396:
37:
1577:
Neoclassical palmettes on a border, 1815-1825, block-printed and flocked on handmade paper,
3052:
2198:
BOARDMAN, JOHN (19 April 1998). "Reflections on the Origins of Indian Stone Architecture".
1929:
1841:
1523:
1454:
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662:
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40:
architectural plaque with palmettes, from late 4th century BC, painted terracotta, in the
8:
3119:
2958:
2873:
2241:
1883:
1747:
1098:
Ancient Greek frieze of big palmettes at the top of a mug in the form of a woman's head,
796:
653:
Similar forms are found in the hovering winged disc and sacred trees of Mesopotamia, the
482:
404:
291:
161:
2027:
3179:
2923:
2918:
2839:
2697:"Ministry of Culture and Sports: Mieza, the so-called Macedonian Tomb of the Palmettes"
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2224:"Reflections on The origins of Indian Stone Architecture", John Boardman, p. 16
1868:
1335:
1304:
991:
920:
558:
554:
478:
287:
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1649:
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Ancient Greek bands of palmettes (a horizontal one and a vertical one) on a vessel,
3138:
3109:
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1952:
1550:
975:
palmettes (one seen frontal and the others seen from profile) on an offering tray,
858:
772:
757:
721:
645:
580:
The palmette is related to a range of motifs in differing cultures and periods. In
553:
Timeline of palmettes in different styles, each one being notated with a letter: a-
435:
431:
392:
247:
188:
184:
122:, as if designed to attract fertilizing insects. Some compare the shape to an open
3154:
3017:
2977:
2968:
2913:
2826:
2814:
2132:
2088:
1679:
palmettes and cartouche on Strada Temișana no. 13, Bucharest, unknown architect,
1645:
1618:
1418:
1142:
999:
866:
706:
682:
486:
3099:
2802:
426:
According to Boardman, although lotus friezes or palmette friezes were known in
3129:
2862:
2789:, Symbolic Images: Studies in the Art of the Renaissance, London, Phaidon, 1972
2748:
1904:"Silver jewelry, judaica and Christian gifts – Sterling Silver Jerusalem Hamsa"
1849:
1766:
1661:
1146:
1138:
771:
The anthemion is also the mint mark of the Mint of Greece, and it shows in all
740:
459:
446:
81:
77:
65:
2484:
2126:
The New Greek Galleries | Explore & Learn | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1703:
1275:
Ancient Greek relief with palmettes from the ruins of the Temple of Apollo at
80:ανθέμιον, a flower). It is found in most artistic media, but especially as an
3168:
3084:
3037:
3012:
2972:
2893:
2546:
2236:
1699:
1484:, before 1799, mahogany, ebony, copper, gilt bronze mounts and white marble,
1469:
1422:
581:
562:
255:
64:, often in forms that bear relatively little resemblance to the original. In
57:
2807:
2057:
126:
hand – explaining the commonality and derivation of the 'palm' of the hand.
3114:
3089:
3002:
2948:
2819:
1743:
1201:
1076:
972:
885:
800:
730:
678:
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574:
320:
283:
103:
69:
2997:
1338:
inlay with two palmettes, 100 BC–100 AD, glass, Metropolitan Museum of Art
274:
or higher, winged, shining, all-encompassing and all-seeing form of life.
2888:
2808:
Plant Ornament : Its Origin and Development in the Ancient Near East
2762:
1426:
1115:
889:
710:
686:
637:
566:
529:
and its continuation as a decorative frieze on the walls of the same, and
473:
in the 3rd century BC for some of its sculptural friezes, such as on the
466:
427:
388:
351:
119:
89:
2225:
2211:
1503:
231:
3047:
2963:
2928:
2903:
2766:
1863:
1263:
of an Ionic column of the Erechtheum, with a band of palmettes under it
1237:
1122:
765:
752:
Similarly, from the early 13th century to 1806 the divine right of the
726:
666:
633:
526:
506:
490:
363:
355:
94:
2422:
2251:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 93.
2006:"Ancient Egyptian Art | Amulet in the shape of a palmette | F1907.436"
3124:
2992:
2987:
2943:
2908:
2883:
1770:
1622:
1169:
862:
808:
665:, originating in Greek and Roman sarcophagi, echoed above theatrical
512:
246:, is represented by such a lotus, or is shown bearing a lotus as his
88:
or border. The complex evolution of the palmette was first traced by
53:
2644:
3057:
2933:
2366:
2289:"Egyptianizing figures on either side of a tree with a winged disk"
1789:
1558:
670:
654:
614:
533:
501:
In classical architecture the motif had specific uses, including:
451:
243:
235:
137:
1216:
Ancient Greek palmette of a grave stele, mid-4th century, marble,
3144:
3104:
3027:
3007:
2953:
2878:
1845:
1626:
1554:
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995:
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893:
690:
629:
570:
537:
296:
199:
61:
2240:
838:
1479–1400 BC, originally fresco, tempera on paper illustration,
395:
it takes the shape of a 'fleuron' or flower resting against the
16:
A decorative motif based on the fan-shaped leaves of a palm tree
3134:
3022:
2938:
2769:. Grundlegungen zu einer Geschichte der Ornamentik. Berlin 1893
1535:
1485:
1414:
1374:
1280:
1276:
1161:
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694:
658:
649:
624:
618:
610:
593:
400:
383:
367:
359:
300:
263:
251:
85:
661:, the ubiquitous scrolled scallop shells in the canopy of the
25:
Page in which appear various illustrations of palmettes, from
3094:
2982:
1165:
714:
698:
605:
601:
589:
470:
267:
141:
130:
123:
2831:
1765:
palmette on the dome of the Vlahuți-Slătineanu Grave in the
994:
palmettes on the Achilles and Ajax playing dice amphora, by
709:
of the Thai inner-temple, Vishnu's mount, Garuda, the vajra
930:–4th century BC, glazed ceramic, Metropolitan Museum of Art
334:
259:
225:
207:
133:
and the eyes and sun-disk at the crown of Egyptian stelae.
2583:"CHINA: THE THREE EMPERORS, 1662–1795: Scholar Collectors"
1597:
of door of Rue de Cléry no. 29, Paris, unknown architect,
744:
The coronation mantle of the Holy Roman Emperors (Vienna;
441:
2655:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFRogersGumuchdjianJones2014 (
2101:"FORGOTTEN EMPIRE the world of Ancient Persia | 118"
1836:
Highly-stylized Art Deco palmette on the Congress Hotel (
60:
with a subsequent development through the art of most of
725:
heaven, the palmette carries the characteristics of the
2719:
2415:"The Classical Style in Norfolk Small Towns, 1720-1800"
2319:"Ivory Plaque depicting a winged sphinx 9th century BC"
2071:
http://www.arthistory.upenn.edu/smr04/101910/Slide4.jpg
2650:
518:
the upper portion of the stele or vertical tombstones,
2103:. Thebritishmuseum.ac.uk. 23 May 2011. Archived from
1417:
palmette (right under the crown) of the grilles from
1013:
Etruscan antefix of a female figure with palmettes,
733:, which became a potent and enigmatic emblem of the
1930:"Eyes of the Swayambhunath stupa, Kathmandu, Nepal"
1319:Ancient Greek polychrome palmettes, illustrated by
1549:Neoclassical wrought iron detail of a door of the
1506:, Paris, unknown architect, 18th or 19th centuries
1102:500–490 BC, tarracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art
1017:520-510 BC, terracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art
266:, was the womb, with the twin egg-clusters of its
2605:"Highgate Cemetery West : London Cemeteries"
1354:, 41–68 AD, sandstone, Metropolitan Museum of Art
3166:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1160:Ancient Greek palmette decorated with a pair of
979:550-500 BC, Bucchero, Metropolitan Museum of Art
56:. It has a far-reaching history, originating in
1472:palmettes on a nightstand, from the bedroom of
1402:no. 12), Paris, unknown architect, 17th century
1394:with a palmette above it, on the façade of the
1172:, first quarter of the 4th century BC, marble,
2751:, Chinese Ornament: The Lotus and the Dragon;
1086:-470 BC, pottery, Staatliche Antikensammlungen
544:
2847:
1936:
1029:Ancient Greek band of palmettes on a vessel,
2391:. wroughtironproductions.com. Archived from
775:destined for circulation, as well as in all
319:of the horizon guarded by the twin lions of
2730:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBergdoll2000 (
1526:tapestry, in a temporary exhibition called
1247:–325 BC, marble, Metropolitan Museum of Art
391:columns; however in column capitals of the
2854:
2840:
1307:, Greece, first half of the 3rd century BC
693:of Neptune/Poseidon, both the trident and
183:(New York City), and the second is in the
115:typically between five and about fifteen.
1644:palmette, very similar to those from the
1528:Art and Court Life in the Imperial Palace
450:"Flame palmettes" around a lotus, on the
413:
342:
2725:
2625:
2235:
2197:
1579:Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
959:Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth
826:palmettes on a ceiling pattern from the
739:
623:
548:
445:
417:
346:
230:
32:
20:
2147:. Getty.edu. 7 May 2009. Archived from
1520:François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter
1482:François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter
1445:) on the ceiling of St. Anne's Chapel,
1441:Rococo palmettes (four, between to the
1125:, Athens, 421–405 BC, unknown architect
1063:, pottery, Staatliche Antikensammlungen
923:glazed ceramic bricks with a palmette,
3167:
2567:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2341:"King on either side of a sacred Tree"
1518:Neoclassical palmettes on a stool, by
2835:
1820:no. 58, Bucharest, by George Damian,
648:, winged goddess of victory, from an
146:transforms into a male or female face
2651:Rogers, Gumuchdjian & Jones 2014
1695:Beaux-Arts ceramic palmettes in the
1522:, 1804, carved and gilded wood, and
1075:Ancient Greek band of palmettes and
756:was conferred by investiture in the
677:and similar urban architecture, the
2688:
2630:. Thames & Hudson. p. 26.
13:
2694:
1373:750-800, carved gypsum alabaster,
1240:decorated with a double palmette,
805:Archaeological Museum of Heraklion
14:
3196:
2796:
2611:. 8 February 2006. Archived from
2421:. 31 January 2001. Archived from
1720:Palatul Cercului Militar Național
1502:metal palmette on a table in the
1283:, unknown architect or sculptor,
945:palmettes on a fragment from the
3153:
2759:, British Museum Pubns Ltd, 1984
2485:"Later Tibetan Gallery – Garuda"
2343:. Betnahrain.org. Archived from
2265:. Betnahrain.org. Archived from
1829:
1809:
1782:
1755:
1735:
1711:
1688:
1669:
1634:
1606:
1586:
1570:
1542:
1511:
1492:
1462:
1434:
1407:
1381:
1359:
1350:Ancient Egyptian palmettes on a
1343:
1328:
1312:
1292:
1268:
1252:
1229:
1218:Archaeological Museum of Piraeus
1209:
1181:
1153:
1130:
1107:
1091:
1068:
1049:
1022:
1006:
984:
965:
935:
912:
900:
877:
847:
816:
789:
374:As an ornamental motif found in
327:
308:
169:
160:
2803:Ancient Egypt, the tree of life
2663:
2619:
2597:
2575:
2535:
2521:
2499:
2477:
2451:
2429:
2407:
2381:
2359:
2333:
2311:
2281:
2255:
2229:
2218:
2191:
2177:
2163:
2137:
2119:
2093:
2075:
2050:"Błąd połączenia z bazą danych"
888:, 9th-7th centuries BC, ivory,
803:vessel, 1700-1650 BC, ceramic,
632:with "flame palmette" designs,
600:and curve-topped commemorative
481:, or the central design of the
2626:Virginia, L. Campbell (2017).
2200:Bulletin of the Asia Institute
2064:
2042:
2020:
1998:
1976:
1967:
1922:
1906:. Caspi Silver. Archived from
1896:
1648:, of a wrought railing in the
1613:Neoclassical palmettes on the
1299:Ancient Greek palmette of the
1174:National Archaeological Museum
886:carved ivory piece from Nimrud
489:or Hellenistic cities such as
238:, bearing a lotus as his crown
109:
1:
2861:
2742:
2529:"Chinese bat - Google Search"
2437:"Oriental Rugs, Salor Images"
1821:
1801:
1680:
1598:
1562:
1370:
1284:
1241:
1099:
1080:
1057:
1030:
1014:
976:
954:
924:
835:
442:Hellenistic "Flame palmettes"
380:fruits resembling palm fruits
72:uses it is also known as the
2775:Idris Parry, Speak Silence,
2671:"Temple of Apollo at Didyma"
2628:Ancient Rome - Pocket Museum
2389:"wroughtironproductions.com"
1951:. 150.si.edu. Archived from
1652:(Rue Maurice Burrus no. 74)
1557:, two palmettes and a N for
1532:Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
1038:Staatliche Antikensammlungen
957:550 BC, painted terracotta,
663:Renaissance sculptural niche
523:necking of the Ionic columns
151:
7:
2783:, Carcanet Press Ltd., 1988
2171:"Anthemion - Google Search"
1932:. Seth Pollack Photography.
1857:
1724:Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta
1200:, 4th century BC, ceramic,
1114:Ancient Greek detail of an
919:Black-and-white photo with
545:Variants and related motifs
10:
3201:
2820:Palmettes in Fine Weavings
2461:. Imagomag. Archived from
2293:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2185:"Palmette - Google Search"
2145:"Water Jar (Getty Museum)"
1742:Neoclassical palmettes of
1323:, 1830 (published in 1851)
857:palmette on a relief with
840:Metropolitan Museum of Art
782:
457:
362:), 421–406 BC, now in the
181:Metropolitan Museum of Art
42:Metropolitan Museum of Art
3151:
2869:
1796:no. 15-17, Bucharest, by
1629:, unknown architect, 1871
1188:Etruscan palmettes on an
144:, the fan of palm-fronds
3185:Ornaments (architecture)
2825:21 December 2014 at the
1889:
1869:Blue Egyptian Water Lily
1369:palmettes on a capital,
496:
2419:University of Leicester
2248:Encyclopædia Britannica
2131:11 October 2008 at the
1879:Indo-Corinthian capital
1726:no. 20), Bucharest, by
1718:Beaux-Arts palmette in
1321:Jacques Ignace Hittorff
1145:, 420-400 BC, pottery,
998:, 550-525 BC, pottery,
884:Assyrian palmette on a
777:Greek collectors' coins
485:, probably through the
454:, India, 3rd century BC
2609:londoncemeteries.co.uk
2585:. Threeemperors.org.uk
1816:Art Deco palmettes at
1654:Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines
749:
641:
577:
455:
423:
414:Botanical combinations
376:classical architecture
371:
343:Classical architecture
258:, to pass through the
239:
82:architectural ornament
45:
30:
27:A handbook of Ornament
2615:on 29 September 2007.
1874:Tomb of the Palmettes
1794:Strada Jules Michelet
1561:, unknown architect,
1301:Tomb of the Palmettes
743:
735:divine right of kings
687:Central Asian carpets
627:
552:
452:Rampurva bull capital
449:
421:
350:
234:
36:
29:by Franz Meyer (1898)
24:
2813:12 July 2020 at the
2395:on 27 September 2011
2347:on 27 September 2011
2329:on 20 December 2005.
2269:on 27 September 2011
2087:2 April 2005 at the
1818:Strada Ion Brezoianu
1455:Dominikus Zimmermann
1447:Buxheim Charterhouse
1164:, at the top of the
2701:odysseus.culture.gr
2060:on 6 November 2003.
1910:on 29 February 2008
1884:Pataliputra capital
1748:William W. Bosworth
754:Holy Roman Emperors
729:or world tree. The
705:lotus-petal-shaped
483:Pataliputra capital
2369:. Cinema Treasures
2299:on 5 November 2004
2054:www.egiptologia.pl
1984:"Page Redirecting"
1728:Dimitrie Maimarolu
861:, 9th century BC,
832:N. de Garis Davies
750:
713:, diamond mace or
689:and textiles, the
642:
578:
456:
424:
372:
240:
120:honeysuckle flower
104:plant-based scroll
46:
31:
3162:
3161:
2637:978-0-500-51959-2
2509:. Keithdowman.net
2459:"Banque d'images"
2425:on 27 March 2005.
2263:"Stone door sill"
2242:"Anthemion"
1798:Victor Ștefănescu
1697:Gare d'Austerlitz
1141:with lid, by the
830:, illustrated by
746:Imperial treasury
673:over the door in
640:), 2nd century BC
592:with its pair of
479:Pillars of Ashoka
3192:
3157:
3139:Vitruvian scroll
2856:
2849:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2736:
2735:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2703:. Archived from
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2623:
2617:
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2601:
2595:
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2592:
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2579:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2545:. Archived from
2539:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2487:. Artsofasia.biz
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2354:
2352:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2325:. Archived from
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
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2295:. Archived from
2285:
2279:
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2259:
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2216:
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2079:
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2061:
2056:. Archived from
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2016:on 4 March 2005.
2012:. Archived from
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1955:on 10 April 2009
1949:"Funerary Stela"
1945:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1786:
1763:Romanian Revival
1759:
1739:
1715:
1692:
1682:
1673:
1638:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1574:
1564:
1551:Louvre Colonnade
1546:
1515:
1496:
1478:Georges II Jacob
1466:
1438:
1411:
1385:
1372:
1363:
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1332:
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1026:
1016:
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988:
978:
969:
956:
947:Temple of Apollo
939:
929:
926:
916:
904:
881:
859:Ashurnasirpal II
851:
837:
824:Ancient Egyptian
820:
793:
773:Greek euro coins
758:Imperial Regalia
707:boundary markers
410:of the capital.
393:Corinthian order
331:
312:
189:Saint Petersburg
185:Hermitage Museum
173:
164:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3165:
3164:
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3149:
2978:Garland bearers
2865:
2860:
2827:Wayback Machine
2815:Wayback Machine
2799:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2728:, pp. 176.
2724:
2720:
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2550:
2549:on 3 March 2016
2543:"Archived copy"
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2133:Wayback Machine
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2110:
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2089:Wayback Machine
2080:
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2026:
2025:
2021:
2010:www.asia.si.edu
2004:
2003:
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1746:, New York, by
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1731:
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1693:
1684:
1674:
1665:
1658:Jules Berninger
1646:Louis XIV style
1642:Baroque Revival
1639:
1630:
1619:Calea Victoriei
1611:
1602:
1591:
1582:
1581:, New York City
1575:
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1474:Madame Récamier
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1419:Place Stanislas
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1143:Meidias Painter
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1000:Vatican Museums
989:
980:
970:
961:
940:
931:
927:
917:
908:
905:
896:
882:
873:
867:Pergamon Museum
852:
843:
842:, New York City
828:Tomb of Qenamun
821:
812:
794:
785:
547:
499:
487:Seleucid Empire
462:
444:
416:
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338:
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315:The hieroglyph
313:
195:
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112:
44:, New York City
17:
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2798:
2797:External links
2795:
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2790:
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2773:
2770:
2760:
2749:Jessica Rawson
2744:
2741:
2738:
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2707:on 3 June 2020
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2498:
2476:
2465:on 18 May 2021
2450:
2428:
2406:
2380:
2358:
2332:
2323:iraqipages.com
2310:
2280:
2254:
2239:, ed. (1911).
2237:Chisholm, Hugh
2228:
2217:
2190:
2176:
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2151:on 7 June 2011
2136:
2118:
2107:on 14 May 2011
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2019:
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1850:Henry Hohauser
1835:
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1826:
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1781:
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1775:Grigore Cerkez
1767:Bellu Cemetery
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1662:Gustave Krafft
1650:Château Burrus
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1457:, 18th century
1453:, Germany, by
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1396:Hôtel d'Aubray
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1228:
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1147:British Museum
1137:Ancient Greek
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596:serpents, the
546:
543:
542:
541:
530:
519:
516:
510:
505:the fronts of
498:
495:
460:Flame palmette
458:Main article:
443:
440:
434:and sometimes
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354:frieze of the
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3175:Visual motifs
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2894:Bead and reel
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2781:0-85635-790-1
2778:
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2757:0-7141-1431-6
2754:
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2733:
2727:
2726:Bergdoll 2000
2722:
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2672:
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2653:, p. 32.
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2090:
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2072:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2029:
2028:"Miho Museum"
2023:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1986:. Etc.usf.edu
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1978:
1969:
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1953:the original
1924:
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1908:the original
1898:
1744:195 Broadway
1615:Hristu House
1527:
1500:Neoclassical
1470:Neoclassical
1202:Neues Museum
770:
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751:
731:fleur-de-lis
718:jewel-in-the
644:An image of
643:
598:Eye of Horus
586:Tree of life
579:
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2763:Alois Riegl
2695:Psarra, I.
2589:23 November
2553:20 December
2513:23 November
2491:23 November
2469:23 November
2443:23 November
2399:23 November
2373:23 November
2351:23 November
2303:23 November
2273:23 November
2155:23 November
2111:23 November
2034:23 November
1990:23 November
1959:23 November
1914:23 November
1842:Miami Beach
1840:no. 1036),
1838:Ocean Drive
1750:, 1912-1922
1730:, 1911-1923
1704:Paris Métro
1427:Jean Lamour
890:Iraq Museum
711:thunderbolt
638:Afghanistan
567:Renaissance
467:Hellenistic
428:Mesopotamia
389:Ionic order
110:Description
90:Alois Riegl
3169:Categories
3048:Millefleur
2964:Gadrooning
2929:Cornucopia
2904:Branchwork
2899:Blackamoor
2767:Stilfragen
2743:References
2439:. TurkoTek
2367:"Overview"
1864:Acroterion
1677:Beaux-Arts
1621:no. 129),
1287:300-150 BC
1245: 350
1238:acroterion
1123:Erechtheum
1084: 510
1036:, potter,
953:, Greece,
928: 6th
921:Achaemenid
766:winged sun
727:axis mundi
703:'bai sema'
685:motifs of
667:proscenium
634:Ai Khanoum
527:Erechtheum
507:ante-fixae
491:Ai-Khanoum
370:, Germany)
364:Glyptothek
356:Erechtheum
106:ornament.
95:Stilfragen
76:(from the
3180:Ornaments
3125:Strapwork
3043:Medallion
3018:Interlace
2998:Guilloché
2993:Grotesque
2988:Green Man
2944:Dog-tooth
2924:Christmas
2919:Cartouche
2909:Bucranium
2884:Arabesque
2863:Ornaments
2675:brown.edu
2206:: 13–22.
1848:, US, by
1771:Bucharest
1623:Bucharest
1336:Ptolemaic
1170:Stephanos
1044:, Germany
863:alabaster
809:Heraklion
630:antefixae
563:Byzantine
513:acroteria
191:, Russia)
152:Evolution
138:pilasters
74:anthemion
54:palm tree
3063:Palmette
3058:Moresque
3033:Mascaron
2934:Curlicue
2874:Acanthus
2823:Archived
2811:Archived
2787:Gombrich
2711:14 April
2563:cite web
2212:24049089
2129:Archived
2085:Archived
1858:See also
1790:Art Deco
1559:Napoleon
1555:rinceaux
1524:Beauvais
1504:Panthéon
1443:festoons
1392:mascaron
1224:, Greece
1204:, Berlin
1194:mascaron
1176:, Athens
1162:sphinxes
973:Etruscan
855:Assyrian
811:, Greece
675:Georgian
671:fanlight
657:wand of
655:caduceus
628:Several
619:sphinxes
615:griffins
573:; and g-
534:cymatium
408:ornament
405:acanthus
244:Nefertem
236:Nefertem
202:and the
50:palmette
38:Etruscan
3145:Zellige
3110:Rosette
3105:Rinceau
3073:Bulbous
3053:Molding
3038:Meander
3028:Margent
3008:Hilarri
2954:Festoon
2879:Antefix
2680:6 March
2507:"Vajra"
1846:Florida
1702:of the
1627:Romania
1553:, with
1530:at the
1451:Buxheim
1389:Baroque
1367:Islamic
1352:capital
1261:capital
1222:Piraeus
1198:Silenus
1192:with a
1190:antefix
1121:of the
1077:scrolls
996:Exekias
951:Corinth
894:Baghdad
801:Kamares
783:Gallery
691:trident
571:Baroque
557:; b, c-
538:cornice
525:of the
477:of the
436:rosette
401:volutes
384:volutes
297:Baroque
292:Neptune
268:ovaries
200:papyrus
92:in his
62:Eurasia
3135:Volute
3115:Scroll
3023:Lintel
2969:Garden
2939:Dentil
2779:
2755:
2634:
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1852:, 1936
1777:, 1913
1664:, 1900
1595:grille
1536:Canada
1486:Louvre
1429:, 1755
1415:Rococo
1375:Louvre
1281:Turkey
1277:Didyma
1119:frieze
1042:Munich
871:Berlin
797:Minoan
701:, the
695:lingam
659:Hermes
611:angels
606:fronds
594:Uraeus
575:Empire
397:abacus
368:Munich
360:Athens
301:Rococo
264:Hathor
252:Osiris
86:frieze
3095:Putto
3078:Grass
3068:Plant
2983:Girih
2208:JSTOR
1890:Notes
1773:, by
1476:, by
1425:, by
1423:Nancy
1305:Mieza
1166:stele
1139:pyxis
1116:Ionic
722:lotus
699:Shiva
683:boteh
650:Attic
602:stele
590:Horus
559:Roman
555:Greek
536:of a
497:Usage
475:abaci
471:India
432:lotus
352:Ionic
317:akhet
288:Venus
248:crown
217:akhet
204:lotus
142:herms
131:stupa
124:hamsa
78:Greek
70:Roman
3120:Spur
3085:Peak
3013:Hood
2973:Lawn
2959:Foil
2914:Buta
2777:ISBN
2753:ISBN
2732:help
2713:2019
2682:2024
2657:help
2632:ISBN
2591:2011
2569:link
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2493:2011
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2445:2011
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2113:2011
2036:2011
1992:2011
1961:2011
1916:2011
1824:1930
1804:1920
1683:1900
1660:and
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1565:1810
1480:and
681:and
646:Nike
617:and
569:; f-
565:; e-
561:; d-
532:the
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321:Aker
299:and
260:Duat
226:Hapy
213:halo
208:lily
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1196:of
1168:of
949:in
697:of
679:gul
290:or
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256:Nut
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