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production of natural dyes: "reds" from insects and pomegranate, "dark blues" from the indigo plant: "yellow" from saffron flowers, soil and vine leaves, "brown" from oak bark, and "purple" from crushed murex shells. Shahin writes that the use of red, purple, indigo blue, and saffron reflected the ancient color schemes of the
Canaanite and Philistine coast, and that Islamic green and Byzantine black were more recent additions to the traditional palette. Shelagh Weir, author of Palestinian costume (1989) and Palestinian embroidery (1970), writes that cross-stitch motifs may have been derived from oriental carpets, and that couching motifs may have origins in the vestments of Christian priests or the gold thread work of Byzantium. Simple and stylized versions of the cypress tree (saru) motif are found throughout Palestine.
117:
342:) was believed to ward off the evil eye, and frequently used for coats in the Galilee and dresses in southern Palestine. Indigo dyed heavy cotton was also used to make sirwals or shirwals, cotton trousers worn by men and women that were baggy from the waist down but tailored tight around the calves or ankles. The wealthier the region, the darker the blue produced; cloth could be dipped in the vat and left to set as many as nine times. Dresses with the heaviest and most intricate embroidery, often described as 'black', were made of heavy cotton or linen of a very dark blue. Travellers to Palestine in the 19th and 20th centuries represented pastoral scenes of peasant women donned in blue going about their daily tasks, in art and literature.
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1080:, wore soft white sheepskin shoes with the point in front turned up: low cut, not above the ankle, and yellow for men. Before the mid-19th century non-Muslims wore black shoes. Village men wore a higher style fastened at the front with a leather button which provided protection from thorns in the fields. Bedouin wore sandals, made by wandering shoemakers, usually Algerian Jews. The Arabic name for sandal,
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amulets, were often incorporated to ward off the "evil eye", a common superstition in the Middle East. Large blocks of intricate embroidery were used on the chest panel to protect the vulnerable chest area from the evil eye, bad luck and illness. To avoid potential jinxes from other women, an imperfection was stitched in each garment to distract the focus of those looking.
396:. Majdalawi fabric was produced by a male weaver on a single treadle loom using black and indigo cotton threads combined with fuchsia and turquoise silk threads. While the village no longer exists today, the craft of Majdalawi weaving continues as part of a cultural preservation project run by the Atfaluna Crafts organization and the Arts and Crafts Village in
612:: Collections reveal that there was a distinct Galilee women's style from at least the middle of the 19th century. The standard form was a coat (Jillayeh), tunic and trousers. Cross-stitch was not used much, the women preferring patchwork patterns of diamond and rectangular shapes, as well as other embroidery techniques. In the 1860s,
671:(queen) wedding dresses. The malak dress was popular amongst brides from the villages around Jerusalem. So much so that the panels began to be produced commercially in Bethlehem and Bayt Jalla. Amongst the wealthier families it was the fashion for the groom to pay for the wedding dress so the work often became a display of status.
269:) had increased access to news and an openness to outside influences that was naturally also reflected in the costumes, with town fashions exhibiting a more impermanent nature than those of the village. By the early 20th century, well to-do women (and men) in the cities had mostly adopted a Western style of dress. Typically,
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1130:. The British Museum holds over 1,000 pre-1948 items in its Palestinian costume collection. Though not on permanent display, highlights of the collection were featured in Shelagh Weir's major 1989 "Palestinian costume" exhibition. Weir's monograph remains the seminal publication on traditional Palestinian costume.
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Village women embroidering in locally-distinctive styles was a tradition that was at its height in
Ottoman-ruled Palestine. Women would sew in items to represent their heritage, ancestry, and affiliations. Motifs were derived from basic geometric forms such as squares and rosettes. Triangles, used as
557:
Income generating projects in the refugee camps and in the
Occupied Territories began to use embroidery motifs on non-clothing items such as accessories, bags and purses. With the evolution of the different groups distinct styles are beginning to be appear. Sulafa the UNRWA project in the Gaza Strip
481:
In the late 1930s, new influences introduced by
European pattern books and magazines promoted the appearance of curvilinear motifs, like flowers, vines or leaf arrangements, and introduced the paired bird motif which became very popular in central Palestinian regions. John Whitting, who put together
975:. In the 1790s, the Ottoman authorities instructed the Mufti of Jerusalem, Hassan al-Husayni, to put a stop to the fashion of wearing green and white turbans which they regarded as the prerogative of officially appointed judges. In the 19th century, white turbans were also worn by supporters of the
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as being either "plain, patched or embroidered in the most fantastic and grotesque shapes". Towards the beginning of the 20th century
Turkish/Ottoman fashions began to dominate: such as baggy trousers and cord edging. Materials, particularly silks, were brought from Damascus. Before the arrival of
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collection, has argued that "anything later than 1918 was not indigenous
Palestinian design, but had input from foreign pattern books brought in by foreign nuns and Swiss nannies". Others say that the changes did not set in before the late 1930s, up to which time embroidery motifs local to certain
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Girls would begin producing embroidered garments, a skill generally passed to them by their grandmothers, beginning at the age of seven. Before the 20th century, most young girls were not sent to school, and much of their time outside of household chores was spent creating clothes, often for their
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Diverse motifs were favored in
Palestinian embroidery and costume as Palestine's long history and position on the international trade routes exposed it to multiple influences. Before the appearance of synthetically dyed threads, the colors used were determined by the materials available for the
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to the north. Decorative elements on women's clothing in this area consisted primarily of braidwork and appliqué. "Embroidery signifies a lack of work," an Arab proverb recorded by Gustaf Dalman in this area in 1937 has been put forward as a possible explanation for this regional variation.
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New styles began to appear in the 1960s. For example, the "six-branched dress" named after the six wide bands of embroidery running down from the waist. These styles came from the refugee camps, particularly after 1967. Individual village styles were lost and replaced by an identifiable
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represented the wearers bridal wealth, and acted as an important cash reserve. One observer wrote in 1935: "Sometimes you see a gap in the row of coins and you guess that that a doctor's bill has had to be paid, or the husband in
America has failed to send money" (quoted in Stillman,
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Because of the hot climate and for reasons of prestige, dresses were cut voluminously, particularly in the south, often running twice the length of the human body with the excess being wrapped up into a belt. For more festive dresses in southern
Palestine, silks were imported from
907:, consists of an embroidered cap, with a stiff padded rim. A row of coins, tightly placed against another, is placed around the top of the rim. Additional coins might be sown to the upper part or attached to narrow, embroidered bands. As with the other women's head-dresses, the
256:, lived in relative isolation, so that the older, more traditional costume designs were found most frequently in the dress of village women. The specificity of local village designs was such that, "A Palestinian woman's village could be deduced from the embroidery on her dress."
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Longstanding traditions of embroidery were found in the Upper and Lower
Galilee, in the Judean Hills and on the coastal plain. Research by Weir on embroidery distribution patterns in Palestine indicates there was little history of embroidery in the area from the coast to the
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and cotton were mainstay fabrics for embroidered garments, though cotton was not widely used until the end of the 19th century when it began to be imported from Europe. Fabrics could be left uncoloured or dyed various colours, the most popular being deep blue using
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Palestinian Heritage Foundation; The Munayyer Collection. The largest private collection in America, the Munayyer collection includes costumes from most Palestinian regions well known for distinctive costumes. The collection has been displayed in several American
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writes that "no actual clothing from ancient Palestine has survived and detailed descriptions are lacking in the ancient literature". In their length, fullness, and use of pattern these modern garments bear a general resemblance to the costumes of
562:, New Mexico. Atfaluna, also from Gaza, working with deaf people, sells its products through the internet. West Bank groups include the Bethlehem Arabs Women's Union, Surif Women's Cooperative, Idna, the Melkite Embroidery Project (Ramallah). In
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The women in each region had their distinctive headdress. The women embellished their headdresses with gold and silver coins from their bridewealth money. The more coins, the greater the wealth and prestige of the owner (Stillman, p. 38);
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have been used since the Middle Ages in the Arab world to denote small, close-fitting head-caps, usually of cotton, which were used by both sexes. The original purpose was to absorb sweat (Arab: "araq"). In the whole of Palestine the word
1165:. John Whitting acquired Palestinian items directly from the owners and noted down the provenance of each, thereby making the collection especially informative. There are many items from villages which were destroyed/depopulated in the
231:. Each village in Palestine had motifs that served as identifying markers for local women. Common patterns included the eight-pointed star, the moon, birds, palm leaves, stairs, and diamonds or triangles used as amulets to ward off the
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Needler also cites well-preserved costume artifacts from late Roman-Egyptian times consisting of "loose linen garments with patterned woven bands of wool, shoes and sandals and linen caps," as comparable to modern Palestinian costumes.
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3:22–24, with 'changeable suits of apparel,' 'mantles,' 'wimples,' 'hoods,' 'vails,' and 'girdles', suggests that feminine city fashions of Isaiah's day may have resembled modern Palestinian country dress.
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Hanan Munayyer, collector and researcher of Palestinian clothing, sees examples of proto-Palestinian attire in artifacts from the Canaanite period (1500 BC) period such as Egyptian paintings depicting
499:), widely used between the towns in an age before proper roads, wore a short embroidered jacket with long sleeves slit open on the inside, red shoes and a small yellow woolen cap with a tight turban.
89:
Until the 1940s, traditional Palestinian costumes reflected a woman's economic and marital status and her town or district of origin, with knowledgeable observers discerning this information from the
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in the 8th century. Embroidered dress sections, like the square chest piece (qabbeh) and decorated back panel (shinyar) prevalent in Palestinian dresses, are also found in costume from 13th century
159:/ in A-shaped garments. Munayyer says that from 1200 BC to 1940 AD, all Palestinian dresses were cut from natural fabrics in a similar A-line shape with triangular sleeves. This shape is known to
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478:) which included everything they would need in terms of apparel, encompassing everyday and ceremonial dresses, jewelry, veils, headdresses, undergarments, kerchiefs, belts and footwear.
63:
or village women. Many of the handcrafted garments were richly embroidered and the creation and maintenance of these items played a significant role in the lives of the region's women.
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led to a disruption in traditional modes of dress and customs, as many women who had been displaced could no longer afford the time or money to invest in complex embroidered garments.
1149:, Amir traces the development of motifs (e.g., the floral vase) and the geographic spread of styles. An Israeli, Amir worked closely with Palestinian locals in Gaza and the West Bank.
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holds one of the most sizable collections of Palestinian costumes. In 1986–87, the Museum held a major exhibit, "Embroideries from the Holy Land" and, in 1988, published Ziva Amir's
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1290:, a cultural center located in Bethlehem, established in 1991 by Maha Saca. Has a collection of traditional costumes, some have been exhibited at the Oriental Institute, Chicago.
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1233:. Based on a private collection, this museum is open to the public and houses a significant Palestinian costume collection, as featured in Jehan Rajab's 1989 monograph
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was and is still traditionally carried out by women to create domestic items, such as tents, rugs, and pillow covers. Thread is spun from sheep's wool, colored with
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86:, among others, have been documented by scholars largely based on the depictions in art and descriptions in literature of costumes produced during these times.
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version was emancipating for the Christian communities since it was worn by all civil and military officials regardless of religion. The exception being the
247:. Palestinian costumes reflected differences in the physical and social mobility enjoyed by men and women in these different groups in Palestinian society.
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organisation Sunbula, is working to improve the quality and presentation of items so that they can be sold in European, American and Japanese markets.
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991:. In Hebron, it would be of red and yellow silk, in Nablus red and white cotton. Men in Jaffa wore white and gold turbans, similar to the style in
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Due to their nomadic life-style, Bedouin costume reflected tribal affiliations, rather than their affiliations to a localized geographic area.
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Al-Badia, working in the Refugee Camps, is known for high quality embroidery in silk thread on dresses made of linen. The Jerusalem-based
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The Abed Al-Samih Abu Omar collection, Jerusalem. Private collection, mostly 20th century, featured in the book by Omar (1986):
1084:, is identical to that used in the Bible. On special occasions Bedouin men wore long red boots with blue tassels and iron heels,
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Examples of Palestinian costumes and related artifacts are housed in several museums and collections, both public and private.
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for men have always been an important indicator of a man's civil and religious status as well as his political affiliation: A
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villages could still be found. Geometric motifs remained popular in the Galilee and southern regions, like the Sinai Desert.
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720:) were known as being among the wealthiest communities in their areas, and their embroideresses among the most artistic.
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Though experts in the field trace the origins of Palestinian costumes to ancient times, there are no surviving clothing
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Paris, (Exhibition catalogue from the Widad Kamel Kawar collection of the costume and jewelry of Palestine and Jordan.)
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in the 19th and early 20th centuries often commented on the rich variety of the costumes worn, particularly by the
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In 2021, The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals was inscribed on the UNESCO
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from this early period against which the modern items might be definitively compared. Influences from the various
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continued to be used about the simple scull-cap used nearest to the hair. In the Hebron area, however, the word
354:. For example, a fashion of the Bethlehem area was to interlay stripes of indigo-blue linen with those of silk.
116:
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1197:. The oldest items are traced back to the 1840s, while later examples include a wedding dress from Zakariyya (
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Palestinian embroidery: cross-stitch patterns from the traditional costumes of the village women of Palestine
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659:: Wadad Kawar describes Bethlehem as having been "the Paris of Central Palestine". Both it and neighbouring
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Some professions, such as the Jaffa boatmen, had their own unique uniforms. The horse or mule drivers (
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Pracht und Geheimnis: Kleidung und Schmuck aus Palästina und Jordanien : Katalog der Sammlung
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in Jerusalem houses Palestinian costumes and embroidery, dating from the 18th and 19th centuries.
639:: Women's dresses from villages in the Nablus area were the least ornate in the whole of Palestine.
277:, Jerusalem, only the maids, who were local village women, donned traditional Palestinian dresses.
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Traditionally, Palestinian society has been divided into three groups: villagers, townspeople, and
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A handbook and guide to the Palestinian collection of the Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology
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The production of cloth for traditional Palestinian costumes and for export throughout the
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came to denote the embroidered cap with a pointed top a married woman would wear over her
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Threads of Tradition: Ceremonial Bridal Costumes from Palestine: The Munayyer Collection.
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606:. From the beginning of the 20th century the upper classes began to wear European styles.
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A Brief Look at Traditional Palestinian Costumes: a Presentation of Palestinian Fashion
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945:. During her engagement period a woman of the Hebron area would sow and embroider her
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List of worldwide collections of Palestinian costumes, from Palestine Costume Archive
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show "traces of similar styles of clothing represented in art over 3,000 years ago."
1452:"Threads of Tradition:An Exhibition of Palestinian Folk Dress at Antiochian Village"
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331:, others being black, red and green. In 1870 there were ten dyeing workshops in the
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had been preceded by a rounder version with blue tassel which originated from the
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reported that Muslim men from Jerusalem usually wore white linen turbans, called
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and Damascus produced styles specifically for the Palestinian market. Weavers in
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The Development and Dissemination of the Chest-Panel of the Bethlehem Embroidery
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European colour-fast dyes the Galilee was an important area for the growing of
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as the "Syrian tunic" and appears in artifacts such as an ivory engraving from
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1372:"The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals"
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recalls in her autobiography how in the 1940s in the wealthy Arab district of
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Doll in wedding-dress typical of Ramallah area popular before 1948. Made by
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1247:. The collection of Palestinian and Syrian costumes held here, assembled by
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Palestinian girl of Bethlehem in costume, Holy Land, between 1890 and 1900
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1696:. USAID. September 2002. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007.
594:. Fabrics were imported from Syria with several specialist shops on the
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United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority
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Modern couching stitch from Bayt Jalla traditionally used on panels of
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Museum, notes that Palestinian clothing from the early 19th century to
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Museum of International Folk Art | Textiles & Costumes Collections
1402:"Palestinian women used clothes to make more than a fashion statement"
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designs was made possible by artisanal manufacture of fine needles in
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was among the first to recognize the new styles developing after the
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1991:"Handmade Fairtrade Gifts from Palestine | Shop Sunbula Online"
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311:. The wool could be from sheep, goats or camels. Weaving among the
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Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
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Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
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Palestine Exploration Fund. Quarterly Statement for 1912. Page 11.
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The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian Dynasty. The Husaynis 1700-1968
1995:
Handmade Fairtrade Gifts from Palestine | Shop Sunbula Online
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Memoire de soie. Costumes et parures de Palestine et de Jordanie
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677:: great variety of very distinguishable finely executed patterns.
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Völger, Gisela, Welck, Karin v. Hackstein, Katharina (1987):
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Palestinian Embroidery Motives. A Treasury of Stitches 1850-1950
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PALESTINIAN EMBROIDERY MOTIVES. A Treasury of Stitches 1850-1950
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and his wife, Isabel, in 1868–1869, is one of the oldest extant.
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813:; large veil, common to the Hebron area and southern Palestine.
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Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority
1777:. THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.
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Front of dress (qabbeh) sold as cushion cover, Ramallah, 2000
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Widad Kawar Arab Heritage collection. The collection of Ms.
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by a countryman. A white turban signifying an Islamic judge
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work. This technique was used extensively in the panels for
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Woolen fabrics for everyday use were produced by weavers in
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1990:
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The following is a list of some of the public collections:
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807:, often the embroidered outer garment of a wedding costume,
781:; lower back panel of the dress, decorated in some regions
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370:
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Needler, Winifred (1949). Palestine: Ancient and Modern —
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Embroidering Identities: A Century of Palestinian Clothing
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According to Shelagh Weir, the colour produced by indigo (
2361:, Vol. 104, No. 412. (Spring, 1991), pp. 229-231. (JSTOR)
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produced belts and some shawls exclusively for export to
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The Munayyer collection: Palestinian Heritage Foundation
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Weir, 1989, p. 66, citing p. 141 of C. T. Wilson (1906)
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1545:. Sunbula. Archived from the original on March 21, 2008
761:; the square chest panel of the Thob, often decorated
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fashions which in turn were influenced by those of the
2497:. Widad Kawar Arab Heritage Collection. Archived from
2473:. Hudson, New York: The Olana Partnership. p. 5.
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http://www.bethlehemwomenarabunion.org/embroidery.html
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319:, and woven into a strong fabric using a ground loom.
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Costume & Custom: Middle Eastern Threads at Olana
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The Land of Israel, a Journal of Travels in Palestine
1404:. University of Chicago News Office. 9 November 2006.
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Arabesque: Decorative needlework from the Holy Land
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would be on her wedding day. (Stillman, p. 61)
51:historically and sometimes still presently worn by
2582:collection of Palestinian clothing and jewellery.)
2383:. Museum of International Folk Art. Archived from
2284:. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Report. p.
2079:Weir, 1989, p.80, citing H. B. Tristram's (1865)
1344:
2562:, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press,
2522:. Palestinian Heritage Foundation. Archived from
1449:
775:; brocaded back hem panel on the Bethlehem dress.
3947:
2596:, T. A. Hafiz, English, French and Arabic text;
2587:Traditional Palestinian embroidery and jewellery
2424:"Palestine Costume Archive: Canberra, Australia"
1454:. Palestine Heritage Association. Archived from
1044:The kaffiyeh replaced the tarbush in the 1930s.
887:(both near Bethlehem) (Stillman p. 37) The
722:Saudi Aramco World: Woven Legacy, Woven Language
335:quarter of Jerusalem, employing around 100 men.
2603:, Toronto. Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology.
1428:. Palestine Heritage Foundation. Archived from
1010:or fez began to replace the turban amongst the
832:A woman wearing fishnet pattern keffiyeh, Paris
633:which were used for creating blue and red dyes.
392:was a key industry of the destroyed village of
238:
1615:
1613:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1278:Traditional Palestinian embroidery and jewelry
101:motifs (or lack thereof) used in the apparel.
2807:
2364:
1492:
1490:
1345:Jane Waldron Grutz (January–February 1991).
1226:. The Archive's collections tour worldwide.
2667:Brockton, MA: Fuller Museum, Brockton, MA,
2512:
2426:. Palestine Costume Archive. Archived from
2398:
1744:
1675:. Palestine Costume Archive. Archived from
1627:
1625:
1610:
1571:
995:. A green turban indicated a descendant of
2814:
2800:
2407:
2164:Palestinians and their Society. 1880-1946.
1728:
1726:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1634:
1585:
1537:
1535:
2701:A fuller bibliography can be found here:
1735:
1714:
1487:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1265:. An important private collection now in
403:
191:monuments. The dress of the daughters of
2703:palestine costume archive - bibliography
2592:Hafiz al - Siba'i, Tahira Abdul (1987):
2468:
1948:"Hadeel - Fair Trade Palestinian Crafts"
1688:
1686:
1622:
1450:Denise O'Neal (September–October 2005).
1103:
827:
680:
642:
546:, probably evolved from one of the many
506:
460:
413:
379:
250:The villagers, referred to in Arabic as
206:
123:
115:
31:
27:Traditional clothing of the Palestinians
2964:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
2917:Palestinian Declaration of Independence
2416:
2073:
1723:
1652:
1532:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
879:, (in the District of Jerusalem), and
14:
3948:
3250:Legal status of the State of Palestine
1952:Hadeel - Fair Trade Palestinian Crafts
1478:
1385:
1255:
616:described costumes in the villages of
290:
3032:2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza
2795:
2653:, Kegan Paul International, London,
2487:
2441:
2373:
1683:
1364:
1153:L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art
1099:
517:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
3663:Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation
3145:Palestinian National Security Forces
2922:Years in the Palestinian territories
2821:
2724:Widad Kawar Arab Heritage collection
2210:
1772:
1443:
1424:Pat McDonnell Twair (October 2006).
1408:
1349:. Saudi Aramco World. Archived from
1338:
598:. Wedding dresses were ordered from
357:Fashions in towns followed those in
187:people seen in ancient Egyptian and
2696::: Bibliography & Links ::
2381:"Collections:Textiles and Costumes"
2346:Palestine Exploration Fund Magazine
1161:(MOIFA) at Museum of New Mexico at
1092:Collections of Palestinian costumes
1022:. The arrival of the more vertical
534:The shawal, a style popular in the
132:of a woman wearing the traditional
24:
2217:. Trustees of the British Museum.
469:costume pre-1918, Bonfils Portrait
25:
3987:
3713:International aid to Palestinians
2707:
2614:Köln: Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,
2585:Omar, Abed Al-Samih Abu (1986):
2560:Palestinian costume and jewellery
2558:Stillman, Yedida Kalfon (1979):
1673:"Palestinian costume: Background"
1543:"Craft traditions from Palestine"
490:
144:Geoff Emberling, director of the
74:to have ruled Palestine, such as
3927:
3708:Diplomatic missions in Palestine
3703:Diplomatic missions of Palestine
3693:Palestine and the United Nations
2779:
2767:
2755:
2689:Costumes and Wedding Customs in
2572:Museum of International Folk Art
2495:"Kawar Arab Heritage Collection"
2359:The Journal of American Folklore
2344:Baldensperger, Philip G. (1903)
2280:Baldensperger, Philip G. (1905)
1159:Museum of International Folk Art
797:; jacket, worn by men and women,
737:
45:Palestinian traditional clothing
3208:Palestinian National Initiative
3150:Palestinian Preventive Security
3092:Palestinian Legislative Council
2541:
2462:
2351:
2338:
2329:
2317:
2304:
2291:
2274:
2265:
2252:
2231:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2090:
2052:
2043:
2022:
2001:
1983:
1969:
1958:
1940:
1915:
1904:
1879:
1854:
1833:
1812:
1791:
1753:
1643:
1597:
1088:, which were made in Damascus.
983:faction wore red. In 1912, the
965:being worn by a townsman and a
582:: The Jerusalem elite followed
3428:Palestinian citizens of Israel
3240:Palestinian political violence
2670:Weir, Shelagh (August 1995):
1511:
1469:
1347:"Woven Legacy, Woven Language"
1218:Palestine Costume Archive, in
1052:Residents of the major towns,
742:
13:
1:
3107:Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)
2260:Peasant Life in the Holy Land
1977:"Børre Ludvigsen Web Archive"
1498:Textiles of the Islamic World
1331:
1209:
1198:
694:
419:
172:Palestine: Ancient and Modern
3385:Palestine Monetary Authority
3087:Palestinian National Council
3048:Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash
2741:Woven Legacy, Woven Language
2449:"Tareq Rajab Museum, Kuwait"
2357:Review by Shifra Epstein in
1965:http://www.melkitecenter.ps/
1108:Bride's wedding attire from
817:
573:
502:
239:Social and gender variations
7:
3378:Water supply and sanitation
3235:Palestinian right of return
2892:History of the Palestinians
2469:Munayyer, Hanan K. (2018).
2162:Graham-Brown, Sarah (1980)
1923:"Surif Women's Cooperative"
1619:Balfour-Paul, 1997, p. 144.
1582:Balfour-Paul, 1997, p. 143.
1299:
1288:Palestinian Heritage Center
1114:Oriental Institute, Chicago
1030:who adopted a black style.
733:) was a center for weaving,
550:embroidery projects in the
384:Majdali weaving. Gaza 1950s
361:, Syria. Some producers in
265:
10:
3992:
3563:Postage stamps and history
3069:West Bank (SOP-controlled)
2714:Cultural Clothing – AMWRRI
2370:Ullian, 2006, pp. 184-185.
2058:Skinner, Margarita (2007)
2007:Kawar, Widad Kamel (2011)
1818:Skinner, Margarita (2007)
1517:Kawar, Widad Kamel (2011)
985:Palestine Exploration Fund
821:
663:were known for their fine
407:
211:Family in Ramallah c. 1900
111:
3923:
3883:
3833:
3826:
3721:
3683:
3603:
3498:universities and colleges
3393:
3333:
3263:
3177:International recognition
3163:
3137:
3105:
3067:
3060:
3040:
3017:
3009:Dawson's Field hijackings
2999:
2939:
2932:
2830:
2719:Palestine costume archive
2674:British Museum Pubns Ltd
2520:"Costumes from Palestine"
2323:Baldensperger, 1903, p.
2310:Baldensperger, 1903, p.
2030:Embroidery from Palestine
1706:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1563:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1241:Olana State Historic Site
437:that lay to the south of
3658:Palestine–Israel Journal
2617:Völger, Gisela (1988):
2032:. British Museum Press.
1694:"Palestinian Embroidery"
1591:Baldensperger, 1903, p.
1047:
3961:Middle Eastern clothing
3668:Palestinian Media Watch
3652:The Palestine Telegraph
3041:Hamas-Salafist conflict
2959:1948 Palestinian exodus
2954:1947–1949 Palestine war
2902:Palestinian nationalism
1759:Baldensperger. 1903. p.
1374:. UNESCO Culture Sector
977:Yaman political faction
474:marriage trousseau (or
174:(1949) produced by the
55:. Foreign travelers to
3460:Costume and embroidery
3413:Palestinian Christians
2413:Stillman, 1979, p. 59.
2404:Stillman, 1979, p. 60.
2211:Weir, Shelagh (1989).
2096:Weir, Sheilagh (1989)
2028:Weir, Sheilagh (2006)
1750:Stillman, 1979, p. ix.
1732:Weir, 1970, pp. 13-14.
1321:Serene Husseini Shahid
1116:
895:(chin chain) in place.
833:
701:
652:
558:has exhibited work at
512:
470:
425:
404:Palestinian embroidery
385:
212:
141:
121:
41:
3966:Clothing by ethnicity
2553:Van Nostrand Reinhold
2019:. pp. 41,177,179,191.
1839:Weir, Shelagh (1989)
1797:Weir, Shelagh (1989)
1500:. Thames and Hudson.
1249:Frederic Edwin Church
1107:
1041:), were not adopted.
1033:The European styles,
979:, while the opposing
831:
684:
646:
531:"Palestinian" style.
510:
464:
417:
383:
210:
127:
119:
35:
3956:Palestinian clothing
3325:World Heritage Sites
3320:Depopulated villages
3019:Fatah–Hamas conflict
2897:Slavery in Palestine
2237:Pappe, Illan (2010)
1741:Shahin, 2005, p. 73.
1720:Shahin, 2005, p. 71.
1605:Palestinian Costumes
1496:Gillow, John (2010)
1475:Needler, 1949. p. 87
1306:Culture of Palestine
1229:Tareq Rajab Museum,
1112:in an exhibition at
891:is used to keep the
824:Palestinian keffiyeh
445:and to the north of
322:Linen woven on hand-
176:Royal Ontario Museum
3901:Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)
3582:Religious buildings
3255:Anti-Palestinianism
2941:Israeli–Palestinian
2672:Palestinian Costume
2651:Palestinian Costume
2570:(A catalog of the
2451:. Tarq Rajab Museum
2299:Palestinian Costume
2214:Palestinian Costume
2126:Weir (2006). p. 18.
2098:Palestinian Costume
2009:Threads of Identity
1862:"UN Special No 623"
1841:Palestinian Costume
1799:Palestinian Costume
1773:Saca, Iman (2006).
1519:Threads of Identity
1426:"Sovereign Threads"
1256:Private collections
1235:Palestinian costume
1204:) and a dress from
291:Weaving and fabrics
167:dating to 1200 BC.
134:Palestinian costume
18:Palestinian costume
3173:State of Palestine
2734:2020-01-27 at the
2624:Weir, Shelagh and
2430:on October 1, 2002
2282:The Immovable East
2100:. British Museum.
1843:. British Museum.
1801:. British Museum.
1484:Weir, 1989, p. 68.
1117:
1100:Public collections
863:2007-09-27 at the
853:2007-09-27 at the
834:
702:
653:
513:
471:
426:
386:
283:As in most of the
213:
146:Oriental Institute
142:
122:
42:
3943:
3942:
3919:
3918:
3853:Afro-Palestinians
3646:Ma'an News Agency
3524:Mental healthcare
3504:Flag of Palestine
3183:Political parties
3133:
3132:
3056:
3055:
2969:First Lebanon War
2480:978-0-692-11931-0
2247:978-0-86356-460-4
2224:978-0-7141-1597-9
2106:978-0-7141-1597-9
2068:978-1-901764-47-5
2038:978-0-7141-2573-2
2017:978-9963-610-41-9
1887:"Atfaluna Crafts"
1828:978-1-901764-47-5
1527:978-9963-610-41-9
1506:978-0-500-51527-3
729:(today a part of
47:are the types of
16:(Redirected from
3983:
3931:
3831:
3830:
3065:
3064:
2991:Israel–Hamas war
2937:
2936:
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2153:Skinner. pp 14.
2151:
2145:
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1999:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1944:
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1937:
1935:
1934:
1925:. Archived from
1919:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1889:. Archived from
1883:
1877:
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1874:
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1864:. Archived from
1858:
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1311:Islamic clothing
1245:Hudson, New York
1214:
1211:
1203:
1200:
699:
696:
424:
421:
268:
180:Winifred Needler
178:of Archaeology,
128:A photograph by
84:Byzantine empire
21:
3991:
3990:
3986:
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3980:
3946:
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3860:Christian Arabs
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3717:
3685:Foreign affairs
3679:
3599:
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3389:
3329:
3259:
3159:
3129:
3101:
3097:Judicial system
3052:
3036:
3013:
3001:Black September
2995:
2981:Second Intifada
2928:
2907:British Mandate
2868:Ayyubid Dynasty
2826:
2820:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2736:Wayback Machine
2710:
2687:/Shelagh Weir:
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2117:Skinner. p. 14.
2116:
2112:
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1316:Israeli fashion
1302:
1258:
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1201:
1102:
1094:
1050:
865:Wayback Machine
855:Wayback Machine
826:
820:
745:
740:
697:
665:Couching Stitch
576:
505:
493:
422:
418:Village woman,
412:
406:
377:and Jerusalem.
350:with some from
293:
241:
215:The shift from
114:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3989:
3979:
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3976:Textile design
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3115:Prime Minister
3111:
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3077:Prime Minister
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3027:Battle of Gaza
3023:
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3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2976:First Intifada
2973:
2972:
2971:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2887:Modern history
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2878:Ottoman Empire
2875:
2873:Mamluk Dynasty
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2708:External links
2706:
2699:
2698:
2682:
2668:
2661:
2644:
2636:publications,
2634:British Museum
2626:Shahid, Serene
2622:
2615:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2556:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2511:
2486:
2479:
2461:
2440:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2372:
2363:
2350:
2337:
2335:Kawar. p. 213.
2328:
2316:
2303:
2290:
2273:
2264:
2251:
2230:
2223:
2203:
2194:
2192:Gillow. p.118.
2185:
2176:
2155:
2146:
2144:Kawar. p. 274.
2137:
2135:Kawar. p. 284.
2128:
2119:
2110:
2089:
2072:
2051:
2042:
2021:
2000:
1982:
1968:
1957:
1939:
1914:
1903:
1878:
1853:
1851:. pp. 88, 113.
1832:
1811:
1790:
1783:
1765:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1722:
1713:
1682:
1679:on 2005-06-30.
1651:
1642:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1596:
1584:
1570:
1531:
1510:
1486:
1477:
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1296:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1169:in 1948, e.g.
1156:
1150:
1131:
1124:British Museum
1101:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1049:
1046:
1002:From 1880 the
957:The styles of
955:
954:
913:
896:
822:Main article:
819:
816:
815:
814:
808:
803:; embroidered
798:
792:
786:
785:
784:
783:
782:
776:
766:
765:
764:
763:
762:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
734:
724:
679:
678:
672:
641:
640:
634:
607:
575:
572:
544:First Intifada
504:
501:
492:
491:Men's clothing
489:
443:Sea of Galilee
405:
402:
292:
289:
240:
237:
161:archaeologists
113:
110:
40:, c. 1929–1946
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3988:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
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3912:
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3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3827:Ethnic groups
3825:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3806:United States
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
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3732:
3729:
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3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
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3699:
3696:
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3690:
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3682:
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3669:
3666:
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3602:
3594:
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3589:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Personalities
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3525:
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3516:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
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3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Refugee camps
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
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3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
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3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
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3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
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3216:
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3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
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3178:
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3136:
3126:
3123:
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3118:
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3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
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3090:
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3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3049:
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3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
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2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2838:Early history
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:0-7141-2517-2
2677:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:0-7103-0283-5
2656:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:0-7141-1591-6
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2568:0-8263-0490-7
2565:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2526:on 2020-01-27
2525:
2521:
2515:
2501:on 2007-10-13
2500:
2496:
2490:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2450:
2444:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2387:on 2007-12-30
2386:
2382:
2376:
2367:
2360:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2297:Weir Shelagh
2294:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2268:
2261:
2255:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2201:Kawar. p.207.
2198:
2189:
2180:
2173:
2172:0-7043-3343-0
2169:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2049:Kawal. p.287.
2046:
2040:. pp. 17, 24.
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2014:
2011:. Melisende.
2010:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1929:on 2011-11-28
1928:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1893:on 2016-03-03
1892:
1888:
1882:
1868:on 2015-01-26
1867:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1849:0-7141-1597-5
1846:
1842:
1836:
1829:
1825:
1822:. Melisende.
1821:
1815:
1808:
1807:0-7141-1597-5
1804:
1800:
1794:
1786:
1784:1-885923-49-X
1780:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1727:
1717:
1709:
1703:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1649:Kawar, p. 42.
1646:
1640:Gillow. p.110
1637:
1631:Kawar. p. 41.
1628:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1560:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1521:. Melisende.
1520:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1472:
1458:on 2007-09-27
1457:
1453:
1446:
1432:on 2007-07-01
1431:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1373:
1367:
1353:on 2007-02-19
1352:
1348:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:art historian
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:Israel Museum
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:
968:
964:
960:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
900:
897:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
859:
856:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
839:
838:
830:
825:
812:
809:
806:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:
769:
768:
767:
760:
757:
756:
755:
754:
752:
751:
747:
746:
738:Garment types
732:
728:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
704:
703:
692:
688:
683:
676:
673:
670:
666:
662:
658:
655:
654:
651:wedding dress
650:
645:
638:
635:
632:
628:
623:
619:
615:
614:H.B. Tristram
611:
608:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:
577:
571:
569:
565:
561:
555:
553:
552:refugee camps
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
528:
526:
522:
518:
509:
500:
498:
488:
485:
482:parts of the
479:
477:
468:
463:
459:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
430:
416:
411:
401:
399:
395:
391:
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
343:
341:
336:
334:
330:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
288:
286:
281:
278:
276:
272:
267:
262:
259:Townspeople (
257:
255:
254:
248:
246:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
209:
205:
201:
198:
195:mentioned in
194:
190:
186:
181:
177:
173:
168:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
139:
135:
131:
126:
118:
109:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
87:
85:
81:
77:
76:Ancient Egypt
73:
69:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
36:A woman from
34:
30:
19:
3932:
3843:Muslim Arabs
3672:
3650:
3568:Prostitution
3531:Human rights
3489:Demographics
3464:
3459:
3438:Architecture
3408:Palestinians
3310:Governorates
2858:Islamic Rule
2853:Roman Empire
2786:Textile arts
2700:
2688:
2671:
2664:
2650:
2629:
2618:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2574:(MOIFA) at
2559:
2551:, New York:
2548:
2547:Amir, Ziva,
2542:Bibliography
2528:. Retrieved
2524:the original
2514:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:the original
2489:
2470:
2464:
2453:. Retrieved
2443:
2432:. Retrieved
2428:the original
2418:
2409:
2400:
2389:. Retrieved
2385:the original
2375:
2366:
2358:
2353:
2345:
2340:
2331:
2319:
2306:
2298:
2293:
2281:
2276:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2238:
2233:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2183:Kawar. p.10.
2179:
2163:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2097:
2092:
2080:
2075:
2059:
2054:
2045:
2029:
2024:
2008:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1971:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1931:. Retrieved
1927:the original
1917:
1906:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:the original
1881:
1870:. Retrieved
1866:the original
1856:
1840:
1835:
1819:
1814:
1798:
1793:
1774:
1768:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1716:
1677:the original
1645:
1636:
1604:
1599:
1587:
1547:. Retrieved
1518:
1513:
1497:
1480:
1471:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:the original
1445:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:the original
1376:. Retrieved
1366:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:the original
1340:
1277:
1234:
1195:az-Zakariyya
1142:
1118:
1095:
1085:
1081:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1015:
1001:
988:
970:
956:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
925:
924:. The words
915:
912:p. 53.)
908:
898:
888:
841:
835:
810:
804:
800:
794:
788:
778:
772:
758:
748:
668:
648:
596:Mamilla Road
556:
533:
529:
514:
496:
494:
480:
475:
472:
456:
439:Mount Carmel
435:Jordan River
431:
427:
387:
356:
344:
339:
337:
321:
317:natural dyes
294:
282:
279:
258:
251:
249:
242:
214:
202:
185:West Asiatic
171:
169:
154:
143:
103:
88:
80:Ancient Rome
65:
53:Palestinians
44:
43:
29:
3811:Los Angeles
3756:El Salvador
3631:Photography
3621:Journalists
3536:LGBT rights
3519:Health care
3509:Handicrafts
3433:Archaeology
3348:Agriculture
3293:Southern WB
3288:Northern WB
2848:Philistines
2685:Widad Kawar
2610:Widad Kawar
1326:Widad Kawar
1263:Widad Kawar
1213: 1910
1202: 1930
1191:Bayt Jibrin
1175:al-Dawayima
1110:Bayt Jibrin
1014:class. The
920:, used in
743:Basic dress
698: 2000
689:project in
542:before the
521:Widad Kawar
423: 1900
285:Middle East
271:Ghada Karmi
221:embroidered
150:World War I
130:Khalil Raad
93:, colours,
3971:Embroidery
3950:Categories
3906:Samaritans
3641:Television
3626:Newspapers
3548:Literature
3448:watermelon
3273:Gaza Strip
3061:Government
2843:Canaanites
2691:Bayt Dajan
2530:2008-01-16
2505:2008-01-16
2455:2008-01-16
2434:2008-01-16
2391:2008-01-16
1933:2022-07-15
1897:2022-07-15
1872:2020-04-29
1462:2023-11-03
1436:2023-11-03
1378:2021-12-15
1357:2006-11-20
1332:References
1179:Bayt Dajan
1171:al-Qubayba
1024:Young Turk
903:, used in
885:Beit Sahur
871:, also in
714:Bayt Dajan
661:Bayt Jalla
568:Fair Trade
408:See also:
390:Arab world
157:Canaanites
99:embroidery
3875:Metawalis
3791:Nicaragua
3731:Australia
3494:Education
3373:Transport
3343:Companies
3315:Landforms
3278:West Bank
3265:Geography
3245:Elections
3223:Third Way
3120:President
3082:President
2863:Crusaders
2823:Palestine
2762:Palestine
2649:(1989):
2647:Rajab, J.
2628:(1988):
2262:, London.
2166:Quartet.
2108:. p. 145.
2062:. Rimal.
1830:. p. 21.
1809:. p. 112.
1224:Australia
1139:Jerusalem
1054:Jerusalem
1039:burneiTah
1028:Armenians
1006:style of
951:araqiyyeh
947:araqiyyeh
939:araqiyyeh
926:araqiyyeh
916:Araqiyyeh
881:Beit Jala
869:Bethlehem
818:Headdress
710:Jerusalem
657:Bethlehem
618:El Bussah
590:court in
580:Jerusalem
574:Geography
536:West Bank
503:Post-1948
467:Bethlehem
465:Girls in
449:and from
398:Gaza City
309:Jerusalem
301:Bethlehem
253:fellaheen
229:Andalusia
68:artifacts
61:fellaheen
57:Palestine
3848:Bedouins
3796:Pakistan
3723:Diaspora
3593:Football
3578:Religion
3543:Language
3466:keffiyeh
3418:Diaspora
3283:Enclaves
3165:Politics
3138:Security
2986:Gaza War
2949:Timeline
2933:Conflict
2774:Clothing
2732:Archived
2663:(1995):
2632:London:
2576:Santa Fe
2249:. p. 43.
2241:. Saqi,
2174:. p. 63.
2070:. p. 14.
1702:cite web
1559:cite web
1549:July 18,
1529:. p.185.
1508:. p.112.
1300:See also
1284:museums.
1220:Canberra
1187:Kafr Ana
1163:Santa Fe
1016:tarboush
1008:tarboush
997:Muhammed
993:Damascus
967:kaffiyeh
959:headwear
943:taqiyyeh
935:taqiyyeh
930:taqiyyeh
905:Ramallah
877:Ain Karm
861:Archived
851:Archived
801:Jillayeh
791:; pants,
731:Ashkelon
691:Jalazone
675:Ramallah
592:Istanbul
584:Damascus
560:Santa Fe
497:mukaaris
441:and the
359:Damascus
333:Murestan
313:Bedouins
305:Ramallah
245:Bedouins
233:evil eye
225:Damascus
189:Assyrian
138:Ramallah
82:and the
49:clothing
38:Ramallah
3911:Bushnaq
3870:Druzers
3865:BaháʼĂs
3818:Uruguay
3781:Lebanon
3611:By city
3474:Cuisine
3400:society
3396:Culture
3368:Tourism
3335:Economy
3300:Borders
2831:History
2748:Portals
1607:. p.26.
1020:Maghreb
1012:effendi
1004:Ottoman
889:shatweh
845:Clothes
842:Shaáąweh
811:Shambar
779:shinyar
712:), and
610:Galilee
588:Ottoman
564:Lebanon
548:welfare
410:Tatreez
275:Katamon
266:beladin
165:Megiddo
140:in 1920
112:Origins
72:empires
3934:Portal
3786:Mexico
3776:Kuwait
3771:Jordan
3741:Canada
3736:Brazil
3573:Racism
3514:Health
3455:Cinema
3305:Cities
2825:topics
2678:
2657:
2640:
2566:
2555:, 1977
2477:
2301:p. 64.
2245:
2221:
2170:
2104:
2066:
2036:
2015:
1847:
1826:
1805:
1781:
1603:Weir,
1525:
1504:
1271:Jordan
1231:Kuwait
1128:London
1086:jizmet
1078:Nablus
1070:Hebron
1062:Ramleh
1035:Franjy
963:turban
922:Hebron
909:smadeh
899:Smadeh
805:jubbeh
795:Jubbeh
759:qabbeh
727:Majdal
716:(near
708:(near
637:Nablus
627:indago
604:Turkey
600:Aleppo
540:Jordan
451:Nablus
394:Majdal
375:Nablus
363:Aleppo
329:indigo
307:, and
297:Majdal
261:Arabic
197:Isaiah
97:, and
91:fabric
3896:Kurds
3884:Other
3835:Arabs
3801:Syria
3761:Haiti
3751:Egypt
3746:Chile
3636:Radio
3616:Books
3604:Media
3588:Sport
3553:Music
3484:Dance
3363:Taxes
3198:Hamas
3193:Fatah
2912:Nakba
2083:, p.
1267:Amman
1206:Yatta
1193:and
1183:Lifta
1167:Nakba
1145:. An
1058:Jaffa
1048:Shoes
1037:hat (
989:shash
893:Iznaq
873:Lifta
789:Libas
773:diyal
718:Jaffa
706:Lifta
669:malak
649:malak
631:sumac
622:Isfia
525:Nakba
484:MOIFA
447:Jaffa
352:Egypt
348:Syria
340:nileh
324:looms
217:woven
3891:Jews
3766:Iraq
3674:Wafa
3478:wine
3228:PPSF
3218:PFLP
3203:FIDA
3188:DFLP
2676:ISBN
2655:ISBN
2638:ISBN
2564:ISBN
2475:ISBN
2243:ISBN
2219:ISBN
2168:ISBN
2102:ISBN
2064:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2013:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1803:ISBN
1779:ISBN
1708:link
1565:link
1551:2012
1523:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1133:The
1082:na'l
1076:and
1074:Gaza
1066:Lydd
981:Qais
972:qadi
928:and
883:and
875:and
750:Thob
693:RC.
687:YWCA
629:and
620:and
602:and
538:and
515:The
476:jhaz
371:Homs
367:Hama
193:Zion
3443:Art
3398:and
3213:PPP
2578:'s
2312:342
1761:340
1593:164
1243:in
1137:in
1126:in
219:to
170:In
136:of
95:cut
3952::
2325:65
2286:51
2085:66
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1950:.
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1700:{{
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1654:^
1624:^
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1068:,
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1954:.
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1900:.
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