408:
228:
28:
521:("Book concerning ecclesiastical writers") of 1494, the first reference to Otfrid in print. Trithemius praises him as "a man greatly versed in holy scripture and extremely learned in secular literature, a philosopher, orator, astronomer, poet and theologian second to none in his age" and "everything the man wrote is remarkably worth reading, and he imposed rules on the Teutonic language and kept to numbered feet as in metrical verse."
310:
most brilliant teaching. The third tells a little about the brilliance of the signs and the teaching to the Jews. The fourth tells then how, approaching His passion, He willingly suffered death for us. The fifth calls to memory His resurrection, His conversation afterwards with His disciples, His ascension and the Day of
Judgment. (
262:
Otfrid was fully aware of the novelty of his undertaking: the work starts with a section headed 'Cur scriptor hunc librum theotisce dictaverit' ('Why the author has written this book in the vernacular') explaining the reasons for writing in his native dialect rather than in the Latin one would expect
390:
for private reading rather than the gospels and commentaries in the monastery library, but it could have proved a suitable text for lay brothers without the Latin to read the scriptures. McLintock suggests it "may have been read aloud in the refectory at meal-times in place of the Latin sermons more
309:
I have, then, divided this book into five books. Of them the first commemorates the birth of Christ; it ends with the baptism and the teaching of John. The second, His disciples already having been called together, tells how He revealed
Himself to the world both by certain signs and by His
563:
While it is mainly to his adaptation of rhyme to German verse that Otfrid owes his position in German literature, it would be unjust to deny him altogether the possession of higher poetic powers. Overladen as his work is with theological learning, and hampered, especially in the earlier part of
1500:
Otfridi
Evangeliorvm liber: ueterum Germanorum grammaticae, poeseos, theologiae, praeclarum monimentum. = Euangelien Buch, in altfrenckischen reimen, durch Otfriden von Weissenburg, Münch zu S.Gallen vor sibenhundert jaren beschriben: Jetz aber mit gunst des gestrengen ehrenvesten herrn Adolphen
394:
The dedication to Louis the German, however, also suggests an expectation of lay readership. There is ample evidence of an appetite for written literature among the
Carolingian nobility, and for the borrowing by the literate laity of suitable religious texts from local monasteries, including
506:, but the work seems to have been forgotten by the end of the 10th century. Schröder ascribes this to the exegetical passages, which were probably of little interest to lay readers and which monastic readers with a knowledge of Latin did not need in their native language.
102:
More is known about Otfrid's life and work than about that of almost any other medieval German poet. He was born around 800. Assuming he followed the normal progression of monastic life, he will have entered
Weissenburg as a novice at the age of seven, become
296:
It is the dedications and the letter which allow the dating of the work: it must have been written during both
Luitbert's archbishopric (863–889) and the bishopric of Solomon I (839 until his death in 871), which gives the period 863–871.
540:
in 1571. (Gasser's contribution to the printed volume was a word list for the text, the first printed word list for Old High German.) Johannis
Schilter's edition of 1728 followed V, but included readings from Flacius and a Latin translation. In 1821
327:
is written in rhyming couplets. The layout of the manuscripts shows that the couplets are paired to make, effectively, a four-line stanza, though each couplet is laid out as a single line with a caesura. The poem opens:
300:
In his letter to
Liutbert Otfried explains the purpose of the work and discusses some of the problems, both orthographic and grammatical, of writing in German. He also gives the following outline of the structure of the
382:
There is debate about the audience for Otfrid's work, whether it was primarily a clerical or lay audience, whether the work was meant for recitation or private reading, and even the possibility that it was sung.
564:
the poem, by technical difficulties, there are here and there in his verse flashes of genuine lyric feeling which deserve to be lifted out of the dry religious didacticism in which they are imbedded.
427:
manuscript (V), Codex
Vindobonensis, written in Weissenburg by four scribes in the last third of the 9th century, carries corrections which are generally considered to have been made by Otfrid himself.
1554:
Krist. Das älteste von Otfrid im neunten
Jahrhundert verfaßte, hochdeutsche Gedicht, nach den drei gleichzeitigen zu Wien, München und Heidelberg befindlichen Handschriften kritisch herausgegen
399:("Fair Kicilo often read me") and Otfrid ascribes the impetus for his work to an unknown "venerable matron" Judith, both of which suggest the likelihood of a lay female readership.
1631:. Vol. Band I: Edition nach der Heidelberger Handschrift P (Codex Pal. Lat. 52) und der Handschrift D (Codex Discissus: Bonn, Berlin/Krakau Wolfenbüttel). Tübingen: Niemeyer.
395:
Weissenburg itself. Any noble household would have had a house chaplain who might read to his hosts from such a work. The Heidelberg manuscript contains a marginal annotation
579:
There is a relief on the side wall of the 14th century La Grange aux Dîmes, a building in the Place du Saumon in Wissembourg, which depicts Otfrid at his desk (see above).
559:
represents a significant technical achievement, modern critics have generally been dismissive of its literary merits and J.G.Robertson's faint praise is typical:
130:, and this was mostly likely in the period 832–842. There is evidence that before going to Fulda he was one of the two scribes who spent time at the court of
1709:
1109:
1829:
1794:
482:
Jördens in 1806 mentions two additional manuscripts, now unknown: one reputed to be in Frankfurt-am-Main, and a Junius manuscript "in the
165:
was the work of an old man, and for most of his monastic life Otfrid was concerned with teaching and with the preparation of works in
1527:
542:
571:, a volume published privately in 1936 by two future professors of German, consists of a brief introduction and 136 blank pages.
434:
manuscript (P), Codex Palatinus, written in Weissenburg circa 870, copied from V by the same four scribes. It also contains the
374:
The bold letters in the manuscript, the first and last in each pair of couplets, here mark an acrostic on the name of Louis.
1673:
1450:
1400:
1313:
1237:
1126:
208:
Beyond this, his impetus is seen behind the expansion of the monastery's library holdings and the increased activity of its
1824:
1169:
Forster, Leonard; Button, Henry (1997). "The Story of 'The Beauties of Otfrid'". In Ridley, Hugh; McPherson, Karin (eds.).
212:
in this period. The resulting collection of commentaries and other reference materials for almost all of the books of the
1789:
1655:
1636:
1501:
Herman Riedesel / Erbmarschalk zu Hessen / der alten Teutschen spraach und gottsforcht zuerlenen / in truck verfertiget
1370:
1275:
1287:
Otfried von Weißenburg. Untersuchungen zur handschriftlichen Überlieferung und Studien zum Aufbau des Evangelienbuches
1814:
1693:
1431:
1389:
1294:
1145:
1093:
1344:
138:(abbot of Weissenburg, c. 825–839 and 847–872) was Louis' chancellor. After his return from Fulda, Otfrid acted as
1198:
Haubrichs, Wolfgang (1978). "Eine prosopographische Skizze zu Otfrid von Weissenburg". In Kleiber, Wolfgang (ed.).
1804:
1517:. Vol. 1. Monumenta Ecclesiastica Christiana Veterum Francorum & Alemannorum. Ulm: Daniel Bartholomæus.
1819:
277:
431:
290:
1140:. Vol. Band I. Von Karl dem Großen bis zum Beginn der höfischen Literatur 770-1170. München: C.H.Beck.
486:
in London" (sic). He also refers to a Munich manuscript, but this may simply be a duplicate reference to F.
1799:
1268:
Bibeldichtung. Studien zur Geschichte der epischen Bibelparaphrase von Juvencus bis Otfried von Weißenburg
135:
1730:
1324:
1834:
1809:
1473:
1164:
391:
commonly used" In any case, the dedications clearly imply an expected monastic audience of some sort.
1211:
Haubrichs, Wolfgang (1980). "Nekrologische Notizen zu Otfrid von Weißenburg". In Wenzel, Horst (ed.).
407:
1724:
424:
59:
1736:
1349:
1747:
1755:
1549:
549:
231:
Otfrids Evangelienbuch, Manuscript P (Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, Cpl 52), folio 19 verso
17:
1306:
Otfrids 'Evangelienbuch' in der Frühen Neuzeit. Studien zu den Anfängen der deutschen Philologie
1155:
444:
1085:
1761:
1567:. Vol. Bd. 1: Text, Einleitung, Grammatik, Metrik, Kommentar. Regensburg: G. Joseph Manz
498:
may have provided an impetus for some of the later short pieces of rhymed narrative such the
471:
451:
circa 902-906. It was copied from V, with some readings from P and the introduction of some
227:
1784:
1779:
1684:
Braune, W.; Helm, K.; Ebbinghaus, E. A., eds. (1994). "XXXII. Aus Otfrids Evangelienbuch".
1358:
510:
475:
1531:
145:
His date of death is around 870. Haubrichs has drawn attention to the recorded death of a
8:
1602:
Otfrids Evangelienbuch. Mit Einleitung, erklärenden Anmerkungen und ausführlichem Glossar
1469:
1215:. Beiträge zur älteren Deutschen Literaturgeschichte 6. Bern: Peter Lang. pp. 7–113.
514:
1600:
1581:
1562:
1421:
1703:
1248:
1203:
1103:
467:
244:
198:
181:. Otfrid's own hand has been identified in the manuscripts of five bible commentaries,
411:
Otfrids Evangelienbuch, Manuscript F (München, Staatsbibliothek, Cgm 14) folio 7 recto
90:. The poem is thought to have been completed between 863 and 871. Otfrid is the first
1689:
1669:
1651:
1632:
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1427:
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1366:
1309:
1290:
1271:
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360: He rules the whole eastern kingdom \ as befits a king of the Franks
283:
240:
1225:
537:
483:
271:
170:
131:
83:
1520:
1404:
1506:
1460:
Schlosser, Horst Dietrich (1996). "Zur Datierung von Otfrieds 'Evangelienbuch'".
1441:
Schröder W (1989). "Otfrid von Weißenburg". In Ruh K, Keil G, Schröder W (eds.).
529:
525:
127:
87:
39:
1229:
1733:- original Latin text with English translation and commentary by James Marchand
1650:. Vol. Band II/1: Edition nach dem Wiener Codex 2687. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
1179:
71:
47:
1515:
Thesaurus antiquitatum Teutonicarum, ecclesiasticarum, civilium, letterariarum
1773:
1754:
533:
1666:
Otfrid von Weißenburg Evangelienbuch. Auswahl. Althochdeutsch/Neuhochdeutsch
282:
At the end of the work, to his friends Hartmuat and Werinbert, monks at the
1220:
Jammers, Ewald (1957). "Das Mittelalterliche Deutsche Epos und die Musik".
1160:
The beauties of Otfrid / nach Problemen und Motiven ausgewählt und geordnet
386:
It is perhaps unlikely that the Weissenburg monks themselves would use the
91:
1353:(in German), vol. 19, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 640–641
517:
discovered MS V in the library at Weissenburg. and he lists Otfrid in his
348: thaz ríhtit, so ih thir zéllu, \ thiu sin giwált ell
1742:
1206:
CCCCXIX. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. pp. 397–414.
1180:"Gesamtverzeichnis Autoren/Werke Otfrid von Weißenburg: 'Evangelienbuch'"
582:
Two schools are named after him: the Otfried-von-Weißenburg-Gymnasium in
503:
248:
209:
63:
27:
1533:
Bonner Bruchstücke vom Otfried nebst anderen deutschen Sprachdenkmälern
1171:
Feste Freundschrift: Essays and Short Pieces in Honour of Peter Johnson
436:
416:
337: er óstarrichi ríhtit ál, \ so Fránkono kúning sca
252:
104:
1445:. Vol. 7. Berlin, New York: Walter De Gruyter. pp. 172–193.
462:
circa 975. survives in three sets of fragments used in book bindings (
1006:
536:
in Vienna, and this formed the basis of the first printed edition by
239:
is the first substantial literary work and the first use of rhyme in
524:
In 1530 MS F was discovered in the Cathedral Library of Freising by
247:. It is not certain whether Otfrid's choice of form was inspired by
1622:. Altdeutsche Textbibliothek 49 (6th ed.). Tübingen: Niemeyer.
448:
190:
182:
174:
1668:. Translated by Vollmann-Profe, Gisela. Tübingen: Niemeyer. 2006.
289:
The dedication to Louis is followed by a letter in Latin prose to
1464:. Vol. Band 125, heft 4. S. Hirzel Verlag. pp. 386–391.
1076:
Bostock, J. Knight (1976). King, K. C.; McLintock, D. R. (eds.).
259:("obscene song of the laiety"), of which there are no survivals.
75:
1054:
509:
Thereafter the poem remained unknown until rediscovered by the
368: As I tell you, that is ruled by all his power
178:
112:
108:
67:
864:
862:
823:
811:
787:
631:
459:
213:
194:
166:
142:
at Weissenburg, responsible for the teaching of the novices.
123:
447:
manuscript (F), Codex Freisingensis, written by Sigihard in
859:
583:
532:
made a manuscript copy of the text, a copy now held in the
874:
703:
1526:
1462:
Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur
1443:
Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Verfasserlexikon
1042:
1012:
847:
715:
607:
1384:. UTB 2167. Paderborn, München, Wien, Zürich: Schöning.
982:
958:
655:
595:
1030:
910:
898:
643:
619:
255:
verse which has not survived - Otfrid himself mentions
153:, but this identification is not universally accepted.
946:
922:
886:
799:
739:
727:
691:
835:
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667:
1154:
1060:
970:
775:
364:
over the land of the Franks \ extends all his power
1077:
763:
586:(Germany) and the Collège Otfried in Wissembourg.
346:bar Fránkono lant \ so gengit éllu sin giwalt,
1739:- original Latin and parallel English translation
1018:
1771:
934:
149:on 23 January 867, who may be the author of the
1379:
1342:
1177:
868:
793:
637:
335:údowig ther snéllo, \ thes wísduames fóllo,
1158:; Thomas, R. Hinton; Button, Henry G. (1936).
1173:. Dublin: University College. pp. 27–31.
1168:
1048:
552:in 1831, who drew on all three complete MSS.
1688:(17th ed.). Tübingen. pp. 92–130.
548:Modern critical editions start with that of
1680:(selections with modern German translation)
1380:Meineke, Eckhard; Schwerdt, Judith (2001).
1357:
829:
817:
784:, discussing evidence for sung performance.
415:The poem is preserved in four contemporary
1752:
1708:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1468:
1265:
1108:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
928:
853:
601:
1459:
1419:
1365:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1303:
1210:
1197:
1121:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1116:
1036:
988:
964:
916:
685:
673:
649:
625:
613:
1512:
1440:
1322:
1250:Lexikon deutscher Dichter und Prosaisten
1080:A Handbook on Old High German Literature
1000:
904:
757:
721:
697:
661:
406:
226:
26:
1645:
1626:
1579:
1564:Otfrieds von Weissenburg Evangelienbuch
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1219:
1135:
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952:
892:
880:
841:
805:
781:
745:
733:
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466:="torn"), each in a different library (
14:
1772:
1401:"Trithemius on Otfrid von Weissenburg"
58:800 - after 870 AD) was a monk at the
1617:
1598:
1560:
1548:
1363:The Carolingians and the Written Word
1024:
769:
243:- surviving earlier German poetry is
219:
1830:9th-century people from East Francia
1765:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1737:Otfrid's letter to Luitbert of Mainz
1731:Otfrid's letter to Luitbert of Mainz
1727:- full text of Wolff's 1973 edition.
1648:Otfrid von Weißenburg Evangelienbuch
1629:Otfrid von Weißenburg Evangelienbuch
1475:Liber de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis
1398:
940:
519:Liber de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis
458:The Codex Discissus (D), written in
118:The Latin letter which prefaces the
1795:Writers from the Carolingian Empire
1743:Images of the Heidelberg manuscript
1725:Otfrid von Weißenburgʼs Gospel Book
1119:Dictionaries in Early Modern Europe
545:published the Bonn fragments of D.
24:
1714:(Extracts based on the Vienna MS).
1556:. Königsberg: Gebrüder Bornträger.
1138:Geschichte der deutschen Literatur
94:whose name we know from his work.
25:
1846:
1753:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1718:
1426:. New York: G. P. Putnam's sons.
1382:Einführung in das Althochdeutsche
1084:(2nd ed.). Oxford. pp.
1061:Forster, Thomas & Button 1936
1605:. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh
356:Ludwig the bold \ full of wisdom
122:indicates that he was taught at
1748:Images of the Munich Manuscript
1646:Kleiber, Wolfgang, ed. (2006).
1627:Kleiber, Wolfgang, ed. (2004).
1498:Flacius, Matthias, ed. (1571).
1247:Jördens, Karl Heinrich (1806).
1224:. Vol. 1. pp. 31–90.
419:, one of which is fragmentary:
203:Treatises on the Gospel of John
1756:"Otfried of Weissenburg"
1513:Schilter, Johann, ed. (1728).
1423:A History of German Literature
1325:"OHTFRID'S LETTER TO LIUDBERT"
1013:Hoffmann von Fallersleben 1821
402:
278:Solomon I, Bishop of Constance
31:Otfrid memorial in Wissembourg
13:
1:
1528:Hoffmann von Fallersleben, H.
1213:Adelsherrschaft und Literatur
397:Kicilo diu scona min filu las
318:
312:Translation by James Marchand
291:Luitbert, Archbishop of Mainz
266:There are three dedications:
82:. It is written in the South
55:
1580:Erdmann, Oskar, ed. (1882).
574:
489:
7:
1825:9th-century Christian monks
1618:Wolff, Ludwig, ed. (1973).
1561:Kelle, Johann, ed. (1856).
1491:
1420:Robertson, John G. (1902).
1329:The Saint Pachomius Library
1304:Kössinger, Norbert (2009).
1266:Kartschoke, Dieter (1975).
1230:10.1007/978-3-642-45884-2_3
794:Meineke & Schwerdt 2001
638:Meineke & Schwerdt 2001
377:
10:
1851:
1790:Old High German literature
1586:. Halle/Saale: J.C.B. Mohr
1285:Kleiber, Wolfgang (1971).
1069:
538:Matthias Flacius Illyricus
216:was exceptional in scope.
197:and OHG glosses, parts of
1686:Althochdeutsches Lesebuch
1599:Piper, Paul, ed. (1882).
1270:. München: Wilhelm Fink.
1049:Forster & Button 1997
543:Hoffmann von Fallersleben
187:Institutiones Grammaticae
1815:9th-century German poets
1350:Neue Deutsche Biographie
1343:März, Christoph (1999),
1323:Marchand, James (1992).
1136:de Boor, Helmut (1971).
1117:Considine, John (2008).
589:
257:laicorum cantus obscenus
235:With 7104 couplets, the
1345:"Otfrid von Weißenburg"
1222:Heidelberger Jahrbücher
1200:Otfried von Weissenburg
156:
97:
1805:Alsatian-German people
1620:Otfrids Evangelienbuch
1583:Otfrids Evangelienbuch
1308:. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
1162:. (Privately printed).
569:The beauties of Otfrid
566:
530:Achilles Pirmin Gasser
412:
372:
316:
263:for a religious work.
232:
70:) and the author of a
51:
43:
32:
1820:9th-century composers
1762:Catholic Encyclopedia
1399:Neal, Philip (2011).
1359:McKitterick, Rosamond
1178:Handschriftencensus.
561:
410:
330:
307:
230:
44:Otfrid von Weißenburg
36:Otfrid of Weissenburg
30:
1536:. Bonn: C. von Bruch
1470:Trithemius, Johannes
60:abbey of Weissenburg
1800:German Benedictines
1253:. Leipzig: Weidmann
1184:Handschriftencensus
883:, pp. 190–191.
869:Handschriftencensus
832:, pp. 261–266.
820:, pp. 227–235.
712:, pp. 102–112.
515:Johannes Trithemius
171:biblical commentary
1478:. Basel: Amberbach
1204:Wege der Forschung
413:
233:
189:, an anthology of
147:presbyter Otfridus
33:
1835:Carolingian poets
1810:German male poets
1675:978-3-15-008384-0
1452:978-3-11-022248-7
1315:978-3-484-36635-0
1289:. Bern: Francke.
1239:978-3-540-02179-7
1128:978-0-521-88674-1
724:, pp. 176–9.
664:, pp. 174–5.
513:. In around 1492
284:Abbey of St. Gall
241:German literature
16:(Redirected from
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504:Ludwigslied
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210:scriptorium
92:German poet
86:dialect of
64:Wissembourg
1774:Categories
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555:While the
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437:Georgslied
432:Heidelberg
319:Verse form
253:vernacular
175:glossaries
105:sub-deacon
1704:cite book
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941:Neal 2011
575:Memorials
511:humanists
490:Reception
464:discissus
199:Augustine
1609:21 April
1590:21 April
1571:20 April
1540:24 April
1492:Editions
1482:24 April
1472:(1494).
1411:24 April
1361:(2008).
1334:20 April
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1189:20 April
528:In 1560
502:and the
453:Bavarian
449:Freising
378:Audience
191:Priscian
183:Priscian
52:Otfridus
1086:190–212
1070:Sources
179:gospels
177:to the
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425:Vienna
251:or by
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113:priest
109:deacon
68:Alsace
40:German
590:Notes
550:Graff
460:Fulda
214:Bible
195:Latin
193:with
167:Latin
134:when
124:Fulda
48:Latin
1710:link
1690:ISBN
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1652:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1611:2017
1592:2017
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474:and
468:Bonn
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