397:
217:
17:
510:("Book concerning ecclesiastical writers") of 1494, the first reference to Otfrid in print. Trithemius praises him as "a man greatly versed in holy scripture and extremely learned in secular literature, a philosopher, orator, astronomer, poet and theologian second to none in his age" and "everything the man wrote is remarkably worth reading, and he imposed rules on the Teutonic language and kept to numbered feet as in metrical verse."
299:
most brilliant teaching. The third tells a little about the brilliance of the signs and the teaching to the Jews. The fourth tells then how, approaching His passion, He willingly suffered death for us. The fifth calls to memory His resurrection, His conversation afterwards with His disciples, His ascension and the Day of
Judgment. (
251:
Otfrid was fully aware of the novelty of his undertaking: the work starts with a section headed 'Cur scriptor hunc librum theotisce dictaverit' ('Why the author has written this book in the vernacular') explaining the reasons for writing in his native dialect rather than in the Latin one would expect
379:
for private reading rather than the gospels and commentaries in the monastery library, but it could have proved a suitable text for lay brothers without the Latin to read the scriptures. McLintock suggests it "may have been read aloud in the refectory at meal-times in place of the Latin sermons more
298:
I have, then, divided this book into five books. Of them the first commemorates the birth of Christ; it ends with the baptism and the teaching of John. The second, His disciples already having been called together, tells how He revealed
Himself to the world both by certain signs and by His
552:
While it is mainly to his adaptation of rhyme to German verse that Otfrid owes his position in German literature, it would be unjust to deny him altogether the possession of higher poetic powers. Overladen as his work is with theological learning, and hampered, especially in the earlier part of
1489:
Otfridi
Evangeliorvm liber: ueterum Germanorum grammaticae, poeseos, theologiae, praeclarum monimentum. = Euangelien Buch, in altfrenckischen reimen, durch Otfriden von Weissenburg, Münch zu S.Gallen vor sibenhundert jaren beschriben: Jetz aber mit gunst des gestrengen ehrenvesten herrn Adolphen
383:
The dedication to Louis the German, however, also suggests an expectation of lay readership. There is ample evidence of an appetite for written literature among the
Carolingian nobility, and for the borrowing by the literate laity of suitable religious texts from local monasteries, including
495:, but the work seems to have been forgotten by the end of the 10th century. Schröder ascribes this to the exegetical passages, which were probably of little interest to lay readers and which monastic readers with a knowledge of Latin did not need in their native language.
91:
More is known about Otfrid's life and work than about that of almost any other medieval German poet. He was born around 800. Assuming he followed the normal progression of monastic life, he will have entered
Weissenburg as a novice at the age of seven, become
285:
It is the dedications and the letter which allow the dating of the work: it must have been written during both
Luitbert's archbishopric (863–889) and the bishopric of Solomon I (839 until his death in 871), which gives the period 863–871.
529:
in 1571. (Gasser's contribution to the printed volume was a word list for the text, the first printed word list for Old High German.) Johannis
Schilter's edition of 1728 followed V, but included readings from Flacius and a Latin translation. In 1821
316:
is written in rhyming couplets. The layout of the manuscripts shows that the couplets are paired to make, effectively, a four-line stanza, though each couplet is laid out as a single line with a caesura. The poem opens:
289:
In his letter to
Liutbert Otfried explains the purpose of the work and discusses some of the problems, both orthographic and grammatical, of writing in German. He also gives the following outline of the structure of the
371:
There is debate about the audience for Otfrid's work, whether it was primarily a clerical or lay audience, whether the work was meant for recitation or private reading, and even the possibility that it was sung.
553:
the poem, by technical difficulties, there are here and there in his verse flashes of genuine lyric feeling which deserve to be lifted out of the dry religious didacticism in which they are imbedded.
416:
manuscript (V), Codex
Vindobonensis, written in Weissenburg by four scribes in the last third of the 9th century, carries corrections which are generally considered to have been made by Otfrid himself.
1543:
Krist. Das älteste von Otfrid im neunten
Jahrhundert verfaßte, hochdeutsche Gedicht, nach den drei gleichzeitigen zu Wien, München und Heidelberg befindlichen Handschriften kritisch herausgegen
388:("Fair Kicilo often read me") and Otfrid ascribes the impetus for his work to an unknown "venerable matron" Judith, both of which suggest the likelihood of a lay female readership.
1620:. Vol. Band I: Edition nach der Heidelberger Handschrift P (Codex Pal. Lat. 52) und der Handschrift D (Codex Discissus: Bonn, Berlin/Krakau Wolfenbüttel). Tübingen: Niemeyer.
384:
Weissenburg itself. Any noble household would have had a house chaplain who might read to his hosts from such a work. The Heidelberg manuscript contains a marginal annotation
568:
There is a relief on the side wall of the 14th century La Grange aux Dîmes, a building in the Place du Saumon in Wissembourg, which depicts Otfrid at his desk (see above).
548:
represents a significant technical achievement, modern critics have generally been dismissive of its literary merits and J.G.Robertson's faint praise is typical:
119:, and this was mostly likely in the period 832–842. There is evidence that before going to Fulda he was one of the two scribes who spent time at the court of
1698:
1098:
1818:
1783:
471:
Jördens in 1806 mentions two additional manuscripts, now unknown: one reputed to be in Frankfurt-am-Main, and a Junius manuscript "in the
154:
was the work of an old man, and for most of his monastic life Otfrid was concerned with teaching and with the preparation of works in
1516:
531:
560:, a volume published privately in 1936 by two future professors of German, consists of a brief introduction and 136 blank pages.
423:
manuscript (P), Codex Palatinus, written in Weissenburg circa 870, copied from V by the same four scribes. It also contains the
363:
The bold letters in the manuscript, the first and last in each pair of couplets, here mark an acrostic on the name of Louis.
1662:
1439:
1389:
1302:
1226:
1115:
197:
Beyond this, his impetus is seen behind the expansion of the monastery's library holdings and the increased activity of its
1813:
1158:
Forster, Leonard; Button, Henry (1997). "The Story of 'The Beauties of Otfrid'". In Ridley, Hugh; McPherson, Karin (eds.).
201:
in this period. The resulting collection of commentaries and other reference materials for almost all of the books of the
1778:
1644:
1625:
1490:
Herman Riedesel / Erbmarschalk zu Hessen / der alten Teutschen spraach und gottsforcht zuerlenen / in truck verfertiget
1359:
1264:
1276:
Otfried von Weißenburg. Untersuchungen zur handschriftlichen Überlieferung und Studien zum Aufbau des Evangelienbuches
1803:
1682:
1420:
1378:
1283:
1134:
1082:
1333:
127:(abbot of Weissenburg, c. 825–839 and 847–872) was Louis' chancellor. After his return from Fulda, Otfrid acted as
1187:
Haubrichs, Wolfgang (1978). "Eine prosopographische Skizze zu Otfrid von Weissenburg". In Kleiber, Wolfgang (ed.).
1793:
1506:. Vol. 1. Monumenta Ecclesiastica Christiana Veterum Francorum & Alemannorum. Ulm: Daniel Bartholomæus.
1808:
266:
420:
279:
1129:. Vol. Band I. Von Karl dem Großen bis zum Beginn der höfischen Literatur 770-1170. München: C.H.Beck.
475:
in London" (sic). He also refers to a Munich manuscript, but this may simply be a duplicate reference to F.
1788:
1257:
Bibeldichtung. Studien zur Geschichte der epischen Bibelparaphrase von Juvencus bis Otfried von Weißenburg
124:
1719:
1313:
1823:
1798:
1462:
1153:
380:
commonly used" In any case, the dedications clearly imply an expected monastic audience of some sort.
1200:
Haubrichs, Wolfgang (1980). "Nekrologische Notizen zu Otfrid von Weißenburg". In Wenzel, Horst (ed.).
396:
1713:
413:
48:
1725:
1338:
1736:
1744:
1538:
538:
220:
Otfrids Evangelienbuch, Manuscript P (Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, Cpl 52), folio 19 verso
1295:
Otfrids 'Evangelienbuch' in der Frühen Neuzeit. Studien zu den Anfängen der deutschen Philologie
1144:
433:
1074:
1750:
1556:. Vol. Bd. 1: Text, Einleitung, Grammatik, Metrik, Kommentar. Regensburg: G. Joseph Manz
487:
may have provided an impetus for some of the later short pieces of rhymed narrative such the
460:
440:
circa 902-906. It was copied from V, with some readings from P and the introduction of some
216:
1773:
1768:
1673:
Braune, W.; Helm, K.; Ebbinghaus, E. A., eds. (1994). "XXXII. Aus Otfrids Evangelienbuch".
1347:
499:
464:
1520:
134:
His date of death is around 870. Haubrichs has drawn attention to the recorded death of a
8:
1591:
Otfrids Evangelienbuch. Mit Einleitung, erklärenden Anmerkungen und ausführlichem Glossar
1458:
1204:. Beiträge zur älteren Deutschen Literaturgeschichte 6. Bern: Peter Lang. pp. 7–113.
503:
1589:
1570:
1551:
1410:
1692:
1237:
1192:
1092:
456:
233:
187:
170:. Otfrid's own hand has been identified in the manuscripts of five bible commentaries,
400:
Otfrids Evangelienbuch, Manuscript F (München, Staatsbibliothek, Cgm 14) folio 7 recto
79:. The poem is thought to have been completed between 863 and 871. Otfrid is the first
1678:
1658:
1640:
1621:
1435:
1416:
1374:
1355:
1298:
1279:
1260:
1222:
1130:
1111:
1078:
1067:
441:
349: He rules the whole eastern kingdom \ as befits a king of the Franks
272:
229:
1214:
526:
472:
260:
159:
120:
72:
1509:
1393:
1495:
1449:
Schlosser, Horst Dietrich (1996). "Zur Datierung von Otfrieds 'Evangelienbuch'".
1430:
Schröder W (1989). "Otfrid von Weißenburg". In Ruh K, Keil G, Schröder W (eds.).
518:
514:
116:
76:
28:
1218:
1722:- original Latin text with English translation and commentary by James Marchand
1639:. Vol. Band II/1: Edition nach dem Wiener Codex 2687. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
1168:
60:
36:
1504:
Thesaurus antiquitatum Teutonicarum, ecclesiasticarum, civilium, letterariarum
1762:
1743:
522:
1655:
Otfrid von Weißenburg Evangelienbuch. Auswahl. Althochdeutsch/Neuhochdeutsch
271:
At the end of the work, to his friends Hartmuat and Werinbert, monks at the
1209:
Jammers, Ewald (1957). "Das Mittelalterliche Deutsche Epos und die Musik".
1149:
The beauties of Otfrid / nach Problemen und Motiven ausgewählt und geordnet
375:
It is perhaps unlikely that the Weissenburg monks themselves would use the
80:
1342:(in German), vol. 19, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 640–641
506:
discovered MS V in the library at Weissenburg. and he lists Otfrid in his
337: thaz ríhtit, so ih thir zéllu, \ thiu sin giwált ell
1731:
1195:
CCCCXIX. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. pp. 397–414.
1169:"Gesamtverzeichnis Autoren/Werke Otfrid von Weißenburg: 'Evangelienbuch'"
571:
Two schools are named after him: the Otfried-von-Weißenburg-Gymnasium in
492:
237:
198:
52:
16:
1522:
Bonner Bruchstücke vom Otfried nebst anderen deutschen Sprachdenkmälern
1160:
Feste Freundschrift: Essays and Short Pieces in Honour of Peter Johnson
425:
405:
326: er óstarrichi ríhtit ál, \ so Fránkono kúning sca
241:
93:
1434:. Vol. 7. Berlin, New York: Walter De Gruyter. pp. 172–193.
451:
circa 975. survives in three sets of fragments used in book bindings (
995:
525:
in Vienna, and this formed the basis of the first printed edition by
228:
is the first substantial literary work and the first use of rhyme in
513:
In 1530 MS F was discovered in the Cathedral Library of Freising by
236:. It is not certain whether Otfrid's choice of form was inspired by
1611:. Altdeutsche Textbibliothek 49 (6th ed.). Tübingen: Niemeyer.
437:
179:
171:
163:
1657:. Translated by Vollmann-Profe, Gisela. Tübingen: Niemeyer. 2006.
278:
The dedication to Louis is followed by a letter in Latin prose to
1453:. Vol. Band 125, heft 4. S. Hirzel Verlag. pp. 386–391.
1065:
Bostock, J. Knight (1976). King, K. C.; McLintock, D. R. (eds.).
248:("obscene song of the laiety"), of which there are no survivals.
64:
1043:
498:
Thereafter the poem remained unknown until rediscovered by the
357: As I tell you, that is ruled by all his power
167:
101:
97:
56:
853:
851:
812:
800:
776:
620:
448:
202:
183:
155:
131:
at Weissenburg, responsible for the teaching of the novices.
112:
436:
manuscript (F), Codex Freisingensis, written by Sigihard in
848:
572:
521:
made a manuscript copy of the text, a copy now held in the
863:
692:
1515:
1451:
Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur
1432:
Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Verfasserlexikon
1031:
1001:
836:
704:
596:
1373:. UTB 2167. Paderborn, München, Wien, Zürich: Schöning.
971:
947:
644:
584:
1019:
899:
887:
632:
608:
244:
verse which has not survived - Otfrid himself mentions
142:, but this identification is not universally accepted.
935:
911:
875:
788:
728:
716:
680:
824:
1672:
983:
740:
668:
656:
1143:
1049:
959:
764:
353:
over the land of the Franks \ extends all his power
1066:
752:
575:(Germany) and the Collège Otfried in Wissembourg.
335:bar Fránkono lant \ so gengit éllu sin giwalt,
1728:- original Latin and parallel English translation
1007:
1760:
923:
138:on 23 January 867, who may be the author of the
1368:
1331:
1166:
857:
782:
626:
324:údowig ther snéllo, \ thes wísduames fóllo,
1147:; Thomas, R. Hinton; Button, Henry G. (1936).
1162:. Dublin: University College. pp. 27–31.
1157:
1037:
541:in 1831, who drew on all three complete MSS.
1677:(17th ed.). Tübingen. pp. 92–130.
537:Modern critical editions start with that of
1669:(selections with modern German translation)
1369:Meineke, Eckhard; Schwerdt, Judith (2001).
1346:
818:
806:
773:, discussing evidence for sung performance.
404:The poem is preserved in four contemporary
1741:
1697:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1457:
1254:
1097:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
917:
842:
590:
1448:
1408:
1354:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1292:
1199:
1186:
1110:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1105:
1025:
977:
953:
905:
674:
662:
638:
614:
602:
1501:
1429:
1311:
1239:Lexikon deutscher Dichter und Prosaisten
1069:A Handbook on Old High German Literature
989:
893:
746:
710:
686:
650:
395:
215:
15:
1634:
1615:
1568:
1553:Otfrieds von Weissenburg Evangelienbuch
1486:
1273:
1235:
1208:
1124:
1064:
965:
941:
881:
869:
830:
794:
770:
734:
722:
698:
455:="torn"), each in a different library (
1761:
1390:"Trithemius on Otfrid von Weissenburg"
47:800 - after 870 AD) was a monk at the
1606:
1587:
1549:
1537:
1352:The Carolingians and the Written Word
1013:
758:
232:- surviving earlier German poetry is
208:
1819:9th-century people from East Francia
1754:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1726:Otfrid's letter to Luitbert of Mainz
1720:Otfrid's letter to Luitbert of Mainz
1716:- full text of Wolff's 1973 edition.
1637:Otfrid von Weißenburg Evangelienbuch
1618:Otfrid von Weißenburg Evangelienbuch
1464:Liber de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis
1387:
929:
508:Liber de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis
447:The Codex Discissus (D), written in
107:The Latin letter which prefaces the
1784:Writers from the Carolingian Empire
1732:Images of the Heidelberg manuscript
1714:Otfrid von Weißenburgʼs Gospel Book
1108:Dictionaries in Early Modern Europe
534:published the Bonn fragments of D.
13:
1703:(Extracts based on the Vienna MS).
1545:. Königsberg: Gebrüder Bornträger.
1127:Geschichte der deutschen Literatur
83:whose name we know from his work.
14:
1835:
1742:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1707:
1415:. New York: G. P. Putnam's sons.
1371:Einführung in das Althochdeutsche
1073:(2nd ed.). Oxford. pp.
1050:Forster, Thomas & Button 1936
1594:. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh
345:Ludwig the bold \ full of wisdom
111:indicates that he was taught at
1737:Images of the Munich Manuscript
1635:Kleiber, Wolfgang, ed. (2006).
1616:Kleiber, Wolfgang, ed. (2004).
1487:Flacius, Matthias, ed. (1571).
1236:Jördens, Karl Heinrich (1806).
1213:. Vol. 1. pp. 31–90.
408:, one of which is fragmentary:
192:Treatises on the Gospel of John
1745:"Otfried of Weissenburg"
1502:Schilter, Johann, ed. (1728).
1412:A History of German Literature
1314:"OHTFRID'S LETTER TO LIUDBERT"
1002:Hoffmann von Fallersleben 1821
391:
267:Solomon I, Bishop of Constance
20:Otfrid memorial in Wissembourg
1:
1517:Hoffmann von Fallersleben, H.
1202:Adelsherrschaft und Literatur
386:Kicilo diu scona min filu las
307:
301:Translation by James Marchand
280:Luitbert, Archbishop of Mainz
255:There are three dedications:
71:. It is written in the South
44:
1569:Erdmann, Oskar, ed. (1882).
563:
478:
7:
1814:9th-century Christian monks
1607:Wolff, Ludwig, ed. (1973).
1550:Kelle, Johann, ed. (1856).
1480:
1409:Robertson, John G. (1902).
1318:The Saint Pachomius Library
1293:Kössinger, Norbert (2009).
1255:Kartschoke, Dieter (1975).
1219:10.1007/978-3-642-45884-2_3
783:Meineke & Schwerdt 2001
627:Meineke & Schwerdt 2001
366:
10:
1840:
1779:Old High German literature
1575:. Halle/Saale: J.C.B. Mohr
1274:Kleiber, Wolfgang (1971).
1058:
527:Matthias Flacius Illyricus
205:was exceptional in scope.
186:and OHG glosses, parts of
1675:Althochdeutsches Lesebuch
1588:Piper, Paul, ed. (1882).
1259:. München: Wilhelm Fink.
1038:Forster & Button 1997
532:Hoffmann von Fallersleben
176:Institutiones Grammaticae
1804:9th-century German poets
1339:Neue Deutsche Biographie
1332:März, Christoph (1999),
1312:Marchand, James (1992).
1125:de Boor, Helmut (1971).
1106:Considine, John (2008).
578:
246:laicorum cantus obscenus
224:With 7104 couplets, the
1334:"Otfrid von Weißenburg"
1211:Heidelberger Jahrbücher
1189:Otfried von Weissenburg
145:
86:
1794:Alsatian-German people
1609:Otfrids Evangelienbuch
1572:Otfrids Evangelienbuch
1297:. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
1151:. (Privately printed).
558:The beauties of Otfrid
555:
519:Achilles Pirmin Gasser
401:
361:
305:
252:for a religious work.
221:
59:) and the author of a
40:
32:
21:
1809:9th-century composers
1751:Catholic Encyclopedia
1388:Neal, Philip (2011).
1348:McKitterick, Rosamond
1167:Handschriftencensus.
550:
399:
319:
296:
219:
33:Otfrid von Weißenburg
25:Otfrid of Weissenburg
19:
1525:. Bonn: C. von Bruch
1459:Trithemius, Johannes
49:abbey of Weissenburg
1789:German Benedictines
1242:. Leipzig: Weidmann
1173:Handschriftencensus
872:, pp. 190–191.
858:Handschriftencensus
821:, pp. 261–266.
809:, pp. 227–235.
701:, pp. 102–112.
504:Johannes Trithemius
160:biblical commentary
1467:. Basel: Amberbach
1193:Wege der Forschung
402:
222:
178:, an anthology of
136:presbyter Otfridus
22:
1824:Carolingian poets
1799:German male poets
1664:978-3-15-008384-0
1441:978-3-11-022248-7
1304:978-3-484-36635-0
1278:. Bern: Francke.
1228:978-3-540-02179-7
1117:978-0-521-88674-1
713:, pp. 176–9.
653:, pp. 174–5.
502:. In around 1492
273:Abbey of St. Gall
230:German literature
1831:
1755:
1747:
1702:
1696:
1688:
1668:
1650:
1631:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1546:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1510:Internet Archive
1507:
1493:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1454:
1445:
1426:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1392:. Archived from
1384:
1365:
1343:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1308:
1289:
1270:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1232:
1205:
1196:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1163:
1152:
1140:
1121:
1102:
1096:
1088:
1072:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
819:McKitterick 2008
816:
810:
807:McKitterick 2008
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
605:, p. 400-1.
600:
594:
588:
473:Bodleian Library
261:Louis the German
129:magister scholae
121:Louis the German
73:Rhine Franconian
65:rhyming couplets
46:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1759:
1758:
1710:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1665:
1653:
1647:
1628:
1597:
1595:
1578:
1576:
1559:
1557:
1528:
1526:
1492:. Basel: Petri.
1483:
1470:
1468:
1442:
1423:
1399:
1397:
1381:
1362:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1286:
1267:
1245:
1243:
1229:
1177:
1175:
1137:
1118:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
918:Trithemius 1494
916:
912:
904:
900:
892:
888:
880:
876:
868:
864:
856:
849:
843:Kartschoke 1975
841:
837:
829:
825:
817:
813:
805:
801:
793:
789:
781:
777:
769:
765:
757:
753:
745:
741:
733:
729:
721:
717:
709:
705:
697:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
657:
649:
645:
637:
633:
625:
621:
613:
609:
601:
597:
591:Kartschoke 1975
589:
585:
581:
566:
515:Beatus Rhenanus
481:
394:
369:
359:
355:
351:
347:
336:
331:
325:
310:
214:
148:
117:Hrabanus Maurus
100:around 826 and
96:by around 821,
89:
77:Old High German
67:now called the
12:
11:
5:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1757:
1756:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1709:
1708:External links
1706:
1705:
1704:
1683:
1670:
1663:
1651:
1646:978-3484640511
1645:
1632:
1627:978-3484640528
1626:
1613:
1604:
1585:
1566:
1547:
1541:, ed. (1831).
1535:
1519:, ed. (1821).
1513:
1499:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1455:
1446:
1440:
1427:
1421:
1406:
1396:on 7 June 2012
1385:
1379:
1366:
1361:978-0521315654
1360:
1344:
1329:
1309:
1303:
1290:
1284:
1271:
1266:978-3770510887
1265:
1252:
1233:
1227:
1206:
1197:
1184:
1164:
1155:
1141:
1135:
1122:
1116:
1103:
1083:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1026:Robertson 1902
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
980:, p. 123.
978:Considine 2008
970:
958:
956:, p. 122.
954:Considine 2008
946:
944:, p. 191.
934:
922:
910:
906:Kössinger 2009
898:
896:, p. 189.
886:
884:, p. 148.
874:
862:
847:
845:, p. 326.
835:
823:
811:
799:
797:, p. 205.
787:
785:, p. 151.
775:
763:
751:
739:
737:, p. 193.
727:
725:, p. 152.
715:
703:
691:
689:, p. 174.
679:
675:Schlosser 1996
667:
663:Haubrichs 1980
655:
643:
641:, p. 406.
639:Haubrichs 1978
631:
629:, p. 149.
619:
617:, p. 405.
615:Haubrichs 1978
607:
603:Haubrichs 1978
595:
593:, p. 325.
582:
580:
577:
565:
562:
546:Evangelienbuch
485:Evangelienbuch
480:
477:
469:
468:
445:
430:
417:
393:
390:
377:Evangelienbuch
368:
365:
314:Evangelienbuch
309:
306:
292:Evangelienbuch
276:
275:
269:
263:
226:Evangelienbuch
213:
211:Evangelienbuch
207:
152:Evangelienbuch
147:
144:
140:Evangelienbuch
109:Evangelienbuch
88:
85:
69:Evangelienbuch
61:gospel harmony
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1836:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1700:
1694:
1686:
1684:3-484-10707-3
1680:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1422:9780851581033
1418:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1380:3-8252-2167-9
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1285:9783772006487
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1136:3-406-00703-1
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1086:
1084:0-19-815392-9
1080:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1028:, p. 24.
1027:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1003:
998:
991:
990:Schilter 1728
986:
979:
974:
967:
962:
955:
950:
943:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
908:, p. 23.
907:
902:
895:
894:Schröder 1989
890:
883:
878:
871:
866:
859:
854:
852:
844:
839:
833:, p. 81.
832:
827:
820:
815:
808:
803:
796:
791:
784:
779:
772:
767:
760:
755:
748:
747:Marchand 1992
743:
736:
731:
724:
719:
712:
711:Schröder 1989
707:
700:
695:
688:
687:Schröder 1989
683:
676:
671:
664:
659:
652:
651:Schröder 1989
647:
640:
635:
628:
623:
616:
611:
604:
599:
592:
587:
583:
576:
574:
569:
561:
559:
554:
549:
547:
542:
540:
535:
533:
528:
524:
523:Schottenstift
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
476:
474:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:
427:
422:
418:
415:
411:
410:
409:
407:
398:
389:
387:
381:
378:
373:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
340:
334:
329:
323:
318:
315:
304:
302:
295:
293:
287:
283:
281:
274:
270:
268:
264:
262:
258:
257:
256:
253:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
218:
212:
206:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
143:
141:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
95:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
18:
1749:
1674:
1654:
1636:
1617:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1590:
1577:. Retrieved
1571:
1558:. Retrieved
1552:
1542:
1527:. Retrieved
1521:
1503:
1496:Google Books
1488:
1469:. Retrieved
1463:
1450:
1431:
1411:
1398:. Retrieved
1394:the original
1370:
1351:
1337:
1321:. Retrieved
1317:
1294:
1275:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1238:
1210:
1201:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1159:
1148:
1145:Forster, L.W
1126:
1107:
1068:
1045:
1033:
1021:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
966:Flacius 1571
961:
949:
942:Bostock 1976
937:
925:
913:
901:
889:
882:Jördens 1806
877:
870:Bostock 1976
865:
838:
831:de Boor 1971
826:
814:
802:
795:Bostock 1976
790:
778:
771:Jammers 1957
766:
761:, p. 1.
754:
742:
735:Bostock 1976
730:
723:Kleiber 1971
718:
706:
699:Kleiber 1971
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
634:
622:
610:
598:
586:
570:
567:
557:
556:
551:
545:
543:
536:
512:
507:
497:
488:
484:
482:
470:
461:Wolfenbüttel
452:
424:
403:
385:
382:
376:
374:
370:
362:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:
338:
332:
327:
321:
320:
313:
311:
300:
297:
291:
288:
284:
277:
254:
250:
245:
238:Latin models
234:alliterative
225:
223:
210:
196:
191:
175:
158:, including
151:
149:
139:
135:
133:
128:
108:
106:
104:around 830.
90:
68:
51:(modern-day
24:
23:
1774:870s deaths
1769:800s births
1539:Graff, E.G.
493:Ludwigslied
406:manuscripts
392:Manuscripts
199:scriptorium
81:German poet
75:dialect of
53:Wissembourg
1763:Categories
1014:Graff 1831
759:Wolff 1973
544:While the
489:Georgslied
426:Georgslied
421:Heidelberg
308:Verse form
242:vernacular
164:glossaries
94:sub-deacon
1693:cite book
1093:cite book
930:Neal 2011
564:Memorials
500:humanists
479:Reception
453:discissus
188:Augustine
1598:21 April
1579:21 April
1560:20 April
1529:24 April
1481:Editions
1471:24 April
1461:(1494).
1400:24 April
1350:(2008).
1323:20 April
1246:24 April
1178:20 April
517:In 1560
491:and the
442:Bavarian
438:Freising
367:Audience
180:Priscian
172:Priscian
41:Otfridus
1075:190–212
1059:Sources
168:gospels
166:to the
125:Grimald
1681:
1661:
1643:
1624:
1438:
1419:
1377:
1358:
1301:
1282:
1263:
1225:
1133:
1114:
1081:
465:Krakau
444:forms.
434:Munich
414:Vienna
240:or by
162:, and
102:priest
98:deacon
57:Alsace
29:German
579:Notes
539:Graff
449:Fulda
203:Bible
184:Latin
182:with
156:Latin
123:when
113:Fulda
37:Latin
1699:link
1679:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1600:2017
1581:2017
1562:2017
1531:2017
1473:2017
1436:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1402:2017
1375:ISBN
1356:ISBN
1325:2017
1299:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1248:2017
1223:ISBN
1180:2017
1131:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1099:link
1079:ISBN
573:Dahn
483:The
463:and
457:Bonn
432:The
419:The
412:The
312:The
209:The
150:The
146:Work
87:Life
1215:doi
265:To
259:To
190:'s
174:'s
115:by
63:in
55:in
1765::
1748:.
1695:}}
1691:{{
1336:,
1316:.
1221:.
1191:.
1171:.
1095:}}
1091:{{
1077:.
850:^
467:).
459:,
341:.
303:)
294::
282:.
194:.
45:c.
43:;
39::
35:;
31::
1701:)
1687:.
1667:.
1649:.
1630:.
1602:.
1583:.
1564:.
1533:.
1512:)
1508:(
1498:)
1494:(
1475:.
1444:.
1425:.
1404:.
1383:.
1364:.
1327:.
1307:.
1288:.
1269:.
1250:.
1231:.
1217::
1182:.
1139:.
1120:.
1101:)
1087:.
1052:.
1040:.
1016:.
1004:.
992:.
968:.
932:.
920:.
860:.
749:.
677:.
665:.
429:.
339:u
333:U
330:;
328:l
322:L
27:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
