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37:
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325:, except for a guide of Swedish lighthouses, had been confiscated. No German merchant ships were ever sighted, however. After three weeks of searching, it was decided to leave the Baltic and head for Britain. It took two days to pass through the heavily-guarded entrance. The only references that the Poles had were the lighthouse guide and a rudimentary map that had been drawn by the navigation officer.
254:
294:
of the ordinary and bid the Poles goodnight. The crew resumed with their plans. Two
Estonian guards at the dock were lured aboard and nonviolently taken prisoner, the lighting in the port was sabotaged and the mooring lines were cut with an axe. Both engines were started, and the submarine made her escape in the darkness.
293:
On 18 September 1939, at around midnight, the portlights suffered an unexplained malfunction. Seizing the opportunity, Lieutenant Grudziński prepared the submarine for departure. The crew was forced to delay by the arrival of an
Estonian officer. After a 30 min inspection, he deemed nothing to be out
458:
in
Estonian territorial waters on 26 September 1939. The Soviets demanded to be allowed to establish military bases on Estonian soil and threatened full-scale war if Estonia did not comply with the ultimatum. Accusations related to the submarine incident served as a political cover for Stalin's
328:
The German and
Estonian press covering the incident first suggested that the two captured guards had possibly been killed by the Polish sailors. It later turned out that they had been released off of the coast of
1187:
232:
and helped with the repair of a damaged compressor. However, probably because of German or Soviet pressure, Estonian military authorities soon boarded the ship, declared the crew
213:
Henryk Kłoczkowski, the commanding officer, was taken to a hospital the next day for treatment of an unidentified illness from which he had been suffering since 8 September.
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283:
on 16 September, which prevented the
Estonians from removing the six aft torpedoes. Since it was a Sunday, another could not be immediately acquired. Meanwhile,
541:
754:
474:" on Estonia, which was signed on 28 September 1939 and allowed the Soviets to establish several military bases on Estonian soil. The Soviet troops
305:. Heavier guns supposedly failed to open fire for fear of damaging other ships. At the mouth of the harbour, the submarine briefly ran aground on a
287:
Władysław
Narkiewicz took a small boat around the harbour. Under the guise of fishing, he covertly measured the depth of the planned escape route.
165:
1197:
1202:
475:
169:
471:
205:
but withdrew from the Polish coast on 4 September as the situation evolved. Damaged by German minesweepers and leaking oil, it headed for
1212:
436:, accused Estonia of conspiring with the Polish seamen along with "aiding them to escape" and challenged the neutrality of Estonia.
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236:, confiscated all the navigation aids and maps and started to dismantle the armaments. An Estonian officer removed the
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444:, but the Soviet government also blamed the Polish submarine and Estonia for the alleged loss of the Soviet 968
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each, as the Polish crew believed that those "returning from the underworld deserve to travel first class only".
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279:, and its new first officer, Lieutenant Andrzej Piasecki. That started with Grudziński's sabotage of the
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Lieutenant Grudziński intended to seize the maps of a German vessel, as all of the navigational aids of
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Estonian spotlights began sweeping the harbour from buildings to the quay until they finally found
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enjoined signatories, including
Germany, from interfering with the right of enemy warships to use
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already provided implicit approval for the Soviet takeover of
Estonia, Latvia and Finland. The
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and provided with clothing and food for their safe return home. The guards were also given 50
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to escape and that "other Polish submarines were hiding" in ports throughout the
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542:"Największy zdrajca z kampanii wrześniowej? Haniebna dezercja dowódcy ORP Orzeł"
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was subject to a refit and subsequently brought into service alongside the
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414:(TASS) "reported" that the Estonian government had "deliberately" allowed
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on 14 October 1939. The crew sent out a signal in broken
English, and a
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701:
The Baltic states and the great powers: foreign relations, 1938–1940
674:
No Room for
Mistakes: British and Allied Submarine Warfare 1939–1940
809:
369:
623:
Best Little Stories from World War II: More Than 100 True Stories
359:
355:
225:
206:
187:
164:
used the incident as one of the pretexts to justify its eventual
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67:
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in the 2nd Submarine Flotilla in mid-January 1940 to patrol the
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129:
650:(10th ed.). Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie. p. 134.
440:
sank no enemy vessels during her journey from Estonia to the
306:
253:
494:
The captured guards were later set free off the coast of
1188:
Military history of the Soviet Union during World War II
459:
actions, since in the secret clauses of the August 1939
290:
Another sailor sabotaged the submarine's mooring lines.
209:, which it reached on 14 September 1939 at about 01:30.
387:, which had long presumed the submarine to be lost.
379:
came out and escorted them into port. The arrival of
704:(illustrated ed.). Westview Press. p. 88.
763:
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in September 1939
405:
309:but quickly managed to get free and escape to the
268:conspired to escape under the new command of its
1164:
1183:Military history of Estonia during World War II
574:"Orzeł wyzwolony. Brawurowa ucieczka z Tallina"
410:After the submarine's escape from Tallinn, the
16:1939 diplomatic crisis between Estonia and USSR
1178:Military history of Poland during World War II
748:
81:Polish submarine interned by neutral Estonia
19:"Orzeł" redirects here. For other uses, see
1233:Germany–Soviet Union relations (1918–1941)
755:
741:
470:incident was used by Stalin to force the "
343:
252:
224:ports within certain limits. Initially,
476:occupied the whole territory of Estonia
472:treaty of defence and mutual assistance
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535:
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201:. The submarine at first took part in
1198:Diplomatic crises of the 20th century
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620:
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128:in September 1939, when the interned
1203:Maritime incidents in September 1939
677:. Casemate Publishers. p. 302.
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625:. Sourcebooks, Inc. pp. 21–24.
567:
565:
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412:Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union
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434:invaded Poland on 17 September 1939
13:
621:Kelly, C Brian (1 November 2010).
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572:Kuzak, Rafal (23 November 2013).
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540:Kuzak, Rafal (31 October 2013).
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1193:Occupation of the Baltic states
725:League of Nations Treaty Series
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406:Diplomatic crisis and aftermath
45:incident in Estonian newspaper
1213:Estonia–Soviet Union relations
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664:
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518:His Majesty's Submarines; p 19
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1:
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240:from the submarine's stern.
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228:was quite accommodating of
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99:2 Estonian guards captured
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1218:Estonia–Germany relations
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368:arrived off the coast of
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1208:Estonia–Poland relations
727:, vol. 198, pp. 224–229.
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218:Hague Convention of 1907
89:Polish submarine escapes
1223:Tallinn in World War II
648:Wielkie dni małej floty
578:ciekawostki historyczne
546:ciekawostki historyczne
671:Haar, Geirr H (2015).
646:Pertek, Jerzy (1987).
362:
261:
21:Orzeł (disambiguation)
1033:Christian Van Doornum
698:Crowe, David (1993).
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256:
211:Lieutenant-Commander
981:Komendant Piłsudski
609:The Gathering Storm
354:memorial plaque in
31:
1228:Invasion of Poland
461:German-Soviet Pact
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841:Willem van Ewijck
385:British Admiralty
166:military invasion
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59:18 September 1939
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1154:October 1939
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582:. Retrieved
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550:. Retrieved
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192:Nazi Germany
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162:Soviet Union
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126:World War II
123:beginning of
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27:
1141:August 1939
1023:Hannah Böge
839:HNLMS
584:20 February
580:(in Polish)
552:20 February
548:(in Polish)
1167:Categories
1090:Vanquisher
913:Courageous
879:Fanad Head
788:Tiger Hill
770:Shipwrecks
657:832100542X
506:References
396:Royal Navy
374:Royal Navy
339:US dollars
311:Baltic Sea
274:Lieutenant
197:and began
179:Background
104:Submarine
94:Casualties
1095:HMS
1088:HMS
1062:ORP
1011:USS
979:ORP
970:Caledonia
911:HMS
884:ORP
857:HMS
828:ORP
817:ORP
810:ORP
803:ORP
780:ORP
456:Narva Bay
452:Metallist
432:, having
400:North Sea
389:ORP
377:destroyer
349:ORP
285:Boatswain
152:, to the
136:ORP
133:submarine
48:Uus Eesti
1106:SS
1076:22 Sep:
1069:incident
1060:18 Sep:
1050:16 Sep:
1040:10 Sep:
988:30 Sep:
977:30 Sep:
966:29 Sep:
950:24 Sep:
940:23 Sep:
930:20 Sep:
923:Warszawa
920:18 Sep:
909:17 Sep:
899:16 Sep:
886:Jaskółka
876:14 Sep:
866:12 Sep:
852:Magdapur
850:SS
848:10 Sep:
370:Scotland
244:Incident
234:interned
119:incident
64:Location
30:Incident
1030:4 Sep:
1020:3 Sep:
1009:2 Sep:
991:Clement
837:8 Sep:
826:6 Sep:
798:Athenia
795:3 Sep:
778:1 Sep:
360:Estonia
356:Tallinn
307:sandbar
226:Estonia
222:neutral
207:Tallinn
188:Oksywie
173:Estonia
150:Estonia
147:neutral
143:Tallinn
108:damaged
86:Outcome
72:Estonia
68:Tallinn
1097:Walker
1043:Triton
1013:Pigeon
959:Caldew
953:Phryné
869:Davara
819:Wicher
708:
681:
654:
629:
524:
496:Sweden
449:tanker
331:Sweden
317:At sea
249:Escape
130:Polish
1108:Toruń
1064:Orzeł
859:Oxley
782:Mazur
611:p. 53
482:Notes
468:Orzeł
438:Orzeł
416:Orzeł
391:Orzeł
381:Orzeł
366:Orzeł
351:Orzeł
333:in a
323:Orzeł
299:Orzeł
266:Orzeł
259:Orzeł
230:Orzeł
190:when
184:Orzeł
145:, in
138:Orzeł
117:Orzeł
106:Orzeł
78:Cause
43:Orzeł
28:Orzeł
1137:1940
1129:1939
1121:1938
968:HMS
933:U-27
892:U-39
812:Mewa
805:Gryf
706:ISBN
679:ISBN
652:ISBN
627:ISBN
586:2016
554:2016
522:ISBN
257:ORP
216:The
168:and
114:The
56:Date
454:in
446:GRT
428:'s
160:'s
1169::
1093:,
956:,
889:,
882:,
855:,
815:,
808:,
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594:^
576:.
562:^
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532:^
520:;
422:.
402:.
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313:.
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70:,
1071:)
1067:(
756:e
749:t
742:v
714:.
687:.
660:.
635:.
588:.
556:.
498:.
23:.
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