576:
economy staff in
Bobrujsk had prior to the operation suggested to either occupy the area militarily on a constant basis or to carry out a total collection including the last cow and the seed grain, which would lead to a deterioration of the mood of the population. For a longer occupation there were not enough troops, however, and the total collection was a task almost impossible to solve due to transportation difficulties caused by the weather. From the point of view of the agriculture authorities the operation was thus condemned to fail as a collection operation, given that the confiscation remained a partial success and the so-called pacification as a pre-condition for a long-term exploitation of labor did not occur. As will be shown, the agrarian administration could nevertheless consider the strategy of the great operations against partisans to make sense due to other reasons.
111:
503:
probability, that there was no time for an exact investigation as to who supported the partisans (and for the collection of agricultural products) and thus the tendency was to kill everyone around. The possibility of allowing many people to run away was often not considered by the executing units because the inhabitants of the affected areas were generally seen as sympathizers of the partisans. To need to set such daily objectives resulted from the inner logic of such an operation under participation of various units for a coordinated proceeding. Thus the remote message post of Combat Group von
Gottberg during the
197:
188:
97:
83:
166:
4039:
253:
154:
580:
partisans had got away and among those reported by the division as partisan helpers there seem to have been many who had only very loose connections to the partisans, he congratulated the 707th infantry division nevertheless on its having annihilated 3,000 partisans. Army Group Center and its supreme commander v. Kluge also let themselves be informed on a regular basis. Also informed were the head of the administration department at the
144:
346:
broad development, i.e. against the partisans in the forest areas, which was said to be impossible due to snow and ice and the beginning of the mud period soon to be expected, but a proceeding along the streets and mainly against the villages in the area of operation, where most partisans could in the meantime have established themselves. The commander
579:
The development and results of
Operation Bamberg were followed with attention by high and highest authorities. The commander of the rear area of Army Group Center, for instance, constantly kept himself informed. While he internally remarked that the result had been not fully satisfactory because the
345:
While this division, which also foresaw a bombing of four villages from the air, still recommended to make a distinction between the guilty and the innocent, demanding that only truly guilty and elements alien to the localities are to be shot, the 707th
Security Division from the start planned no
575:
of grain, 120 tons of potatoes and more. In this respect fundamental difficulties for the
Germans showed up, which were also characteristic of later actions. The affected area had until then delivered no agrarian products to the Germans (no collection at all so far due to partisan activity). The
361:
Operation
Bamberg already showed all essential tactical elements and procedures that were to become typical of the later actions and fateful for the population of the affected areas. Between 26 March and 6 April 1942, within 12 days, the reinforced 707th Security Division, the Slovakian Infantry
507:
sent and received 3,500 remote messages. The determination of what distance was to be covered until the respective daily objectives, however, contained a conscious preliminary decision on the procedure inside the villages. The troops were thus put under pressure. Daily distances of up to 30
502:
Another typical feature of such operations was the setting of daily objectives practiced during
Operation Bamberg. Units had to cover a certain distance until an established final point during a day while mopping up all localities. The further away the daily objective was, the greater the
754:
512:
considered possible, indicated an annihilation intention present from the very start. Sometimes the closing of the cauldron failed wholly due to a too stretched target area, to great daily objectives and too splintered German forces. If - as during later operations such as
749:
449:, the destruction of villages and the murder of their inhabitants, occurred in phase 3 and mainly in phase 4, when after conclusion of the coordinated military advance with daily objectives to be reached under all circumstances more time was left therefor. This
471:, such as a passage in the diary of Bach-Zelewski wherein the operation of so-called mopping up is criticized, which would always lead to a great number of destroyed "bandit" subjects as its object was to annihilate the population sympathizing with the
566:
of agricultural products. The task was the total encirclement and annihilation of the partisan groups and the securing and pacification of this area, in order to collect the stocks of agricultural products and take them away, reported
397:, where the children were burned. The number of Belarusian dead was officially put at about 3,500 by the Germans, but the actual number was much higher. The partisans estimated it at 5,000, and according to the listing by Romanowski
404:
The actions that took place before and afterwards in the surrounding areas are not included in these figures, which means it must be assumed that at least 6,000 people were murdered. The great majority of them were locally residing
376:
437:
Phase 4: The so-called mopping up backwards - here the repeated thorough cleaning and crossing of the area in backward direction up to the second initial position, during which the villages and
4080:
495:. The number of victims accordingly went up during the respective final phase, like in operation Bamberg. It is not without reason that the SS and Police Commander of White Ruthenia,
371:
413:
to be broken, which is not surprising for actions against villages. The losses of the German and allied troops during the core action were merely seven dead and eight wounded, 47
4095:
504:
2610:
2355:
389:?) 800 persons were collected and shot in groups (the men first had to undress), in Oktiabrskij 190 persons were burned alive inside the club house, the inhabitants of
1963:
3961:
1979:
409:
and non-fugitive Jews, who were also targeted by the operation. It is justified to speak of people murdered, for there was hardly any fighting, there was no greater
4105:
480:
2299:
1902:
1874:
1018:
484:
410:
476:
3940:
2619:
2306:
1440:
291:, which probably claimed more than 1,000 lives. This action seems to have been held up by the fact that the commander of the police battalion, a major of the
2922:
2285:
1594:
1219:
1935:
1881:
1067:
514:
740:
Hutzelmann, Barbara (2018). "Einführung: Slowakei" [Introduction: Slovakia]. In
Hutzelmann, Barbara; Hausleitner, Mariana; Hazan, Souzana (eds.).
354:, especially in the autumn months of 1941, were to be imitated with all harshness: The respective instructions for ruthless action against men, women and
2392:
1888:
1504:
914:
536:= Secret Field Police) and SD, as in the case of Bamberg. Given the great marching distances their anyway dubious activity was reduced to identify not
4085:
2278:
1725:
1601:
453:
was always planned in advance. Only thereafter was the operation considered as concluded. In phase 4 there also commenced the more or less organized
441:
lying inside the inner target area were destroyed together with the majority of their inhabitants, in this case between 3 and 6 April (see figure 4).
1578:
958:
540:, but villages suspect of partisan activity and suggesting the next targets of verification. These commandos often also carried out a part of the
2015:
1327:
571:
v. Bechtolsheim. Instead of the expected at least 10-20,000 units of cattle the reported booty consisted of only 2,454 cattle, 2,286 sheep, 115
1834:
1136:
3833:
2626:
2589:
2566:
2087:
1009:
979:
367:
327:
for their support so far and assured them that for the success of the great action they were absolutely necessary. The operation plan of the
288:
2341:
2719:
2575:
2559:
2531:
1779:
986:
611:. (Here also the Germans thus tried to transfer the responsibility to allied troops.) It was the Operation Bamberg, however, that became a
728:
3476:
2543:
2455:
2399:
2362:
1644:
2448:
1180:
428:
Phase 1: Executing a large encirclement, in this case with a diameter of 25–30 kilometres (16–19 mi), until 28 March inclusively.
3954:
2582:
972:
930:
234:
3803:
1622:
1396:
1159:
1025:
836:
596:
394:
355:
434:
Phase 3: The so-called clearing out of the cauldron in the form of the last concentric attack - in this case on 1 and 2 April, and
2698:
2495:
1532:
1032:
944:
880:
592:
347:
127:
562:
The same applied to the activity of agriculture officials (in this case 24), given that an essential goal of the action was the
2901:
2413:
1263:
801:
260:
110:
62:
3497:
3402:
2929:
2675:
2550:
1636:
1610:
1467:
1173:
1090:
768:
671:
218:
517:- more laborers were to be collected, on the other hand, a most thorough searching and short daily objectives were ordered.
4100:
3730:
3137:
3023:
2188:
1655:
1651:
1629:
1233:
3645:
3109:
2441:
2427:
1640:
328:
300:
226:
424:
Like almost all later major actions against partisans or those around them, operation
Bamberg consisted of four phases:
382:
3854:
3723:
3601:
3179:
2894:
2845:
2603:
2158:
1410:
1249:
1097:
951:
350:
ordered that during this action the crimes against Jews and people alien to a locality, as carried out with success in
3970:
2852:
2824:
2641:
2223:
1942:
1909:
1125:
499:, wrote the following about the final phase of operation Nürnberg: What followed was then more or less a hare hunt.
4007:
3165:
3102:
2237:
2073:
1196:
508:
kilometers with a crossing and mopping up, i.e. a march with combat actions and searching of the villages, such as
1750:
3531:
3372:
3361:
3197:
2956:
2915:
2808:
2746:
2133:
1403:
1272:
1240:
170:
102:
1920:
1488:
3917:
3889:
3767:
3560:
2797:
2248:
2174:
1970:
1341:
1060:
965:
850:
760:
445:
Fighting with the partisans and losses on the German side were most frequent in the third phase. The infamous
3977:
3910:
3861:
3792:
3617:
3123:
3074:
2838:
2831:
2434:
2195:
1986:
1039:
4051:
3947:
3322:
3283:
2202:
2037:
2022:
1949:
1928:
1746:
1424:
1210:
1203:
1187:
898:
857:
829:
296:
4110:
750:
Die
Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933-1945
4014:
3338:
3290:
2908:
2880:
2733:
2348:
2327:
1848:
1511:
1417:
907:
316:
276:
467:
The key importance of the 4th phase becomes apparent from several sources about operations of so-called
381:(Chojno) 1,350 people were locked into their houses and killed by hand grenades and burning, in Rudnia (
299:) didn't mobilize his troops for some time. From the north the operation was to be conducted not by the
271:
The operation had already been prepared since 26 February 1942 from the southerly Regional Commissariat
4090:
3812:
3308:
3227:
3172:
3060:
3016:
2666:
2292:
2216:
2118:
1995:
1867:
1860:
1820:
1793:
1525:
1458:
1053:
864:
794:
421:
were captured. The partisans in the area, whose number was estimated at 1,200 to 2,000 men, got away.
386:
3714:
3631:
3416:
3276:
3248:
3081:
2986:
2776:
2209:
1283:
937:
717:
475:
rather than the partisans. This can be proven not only for the operations mentioned in this context,
1481:
3453:
3430:
2682:
2483:
2476:
2140:
1800:
1772:
1765:
1152:
1497:
1474:
3875:
3819:
3689:
3549:
3234:
2887:
2783:
2689:
2257:
2125:
2095:
2059:
2044:
1916:
1808:
1786:
1732:
1718:
1700:
1364:
1145:
873:
822:
304:
147:
3567:
3460:
3262:
3213:
3116:
3009:
2979:
2762:
2650:
2376:
2167:
1758:
1739:
1709:
1256:
1226:
585:
363:
312:
280:
159:
4058:
3781:
3624:
3520:
3490:
3446:
3186:
3151:
3144:
3067:
2965:
2406:
2383:
2230:
1841:
1378:
1118:
1104:
787:
600:
214:
1676:
588:, Schmidt v. Altenstedt, General Quarter Master Wagner himself and through him also Hitler.
3882:
3737:
3388:
3345:
3315:
3241:
3051:
3030:
1956:
1433:
1111:
115:
307:, which had been transferred specifically for this purpose from the Regional Commissariat
8:
4000:
3774:
3652:
3608:
3130:
2264:
2030:
1557:
1387:
1371:
1320:
533:
529:
672:"The General Staff and High Command of the Armed Forces. The Nuremberg Charges. Part IV"
468:
3993:
3826:
3751:
3705:
3675:
3583:
3423:
3088:
2972:
2866:
2817:
2755:
2511:
2462:
2271:
1895:
1550:
1348:
729:
Yitzhak Arad, Plunder of Jewish Property in the Nazi-Occupied Areas Of the Soviet Union
461:
366:
destroyed a series of villages in a broken through forest area between Oktiabrskij and
320:
520:
Yet another typical feature was the carrying out of investigations and verifications,
3984:
3868:
3758:
3698:
3659:
3592:
3574:
3540:
3483:
3437:
3381:
3206:
2944:
2936:
2873:
2726:
2320:
1852:
1313:
1292:
1002:
764:
658:
496:
492:
324:
706:
3903:
3896:
3840:
3504:
3269:
3255:
3158:
3095:
3046:
2859:
2712:
2659:
2469:
2420:
2334:
1564:
1541:
1074:
695:
1083:
675:
3926:
3638:
3553:
3511:
3409:
3352:
3220:
3002:
2993:
2522:
2104:
2080:
1334:
488:
292:
238:
4038:
3933:
3469:
3395:
1447:
1306:
604:
549:
431:
Phase 2: Tightening the encirclement - in this case until 31 March inclusively,
418:
351:
308:
256:
230:
50:
4074:
3744:
1669:
1518:
1357:
568:
525:
252:
222:
559:, which later became a rule, also existed already during Operation Bamberg.
4043:
3847:
2147:
2052:
1683:
1046:
810:
608:
591:
The Major Actions were not invented with Operation Bamberg. An action near
563:
458:
450:
196:
187:
88:
25:
3682:
3668:
3330:
2006:
1827:
1812:
1166:
640:
Some Slovak soldiers were involved in the operation, on the German side.
627:
446:
3037:
2790:
2769:
1662:
995:
923:
634:
521:
454:
3300:
2705:
2502:
2313:
2111:
2066:
612:
545:
541:
472:
438:
1587:
618:
The operation Bamberg was the beginning of a series of campaigns of
1571:
1299:
607:
and claiming 1,936 lives, had been carried out shortly before by a
272:
242:
54:
631:
619:
509:
406:
246:
58:
2181:
779:
623:
556:
553:
537:
143:
2369:
414:
390:
284:
4081:
Battles and operations of the Eastern Front of World War II
581:
572:
603:
in the Briańsk area, apparently in support of the local
393:
were in part shot, in part burned alive, similar as in
1441:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
637:
of Belarus in the surroundings of the partisan areas.
4096:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
605:
self-administration district of Russian collaborators
654:
652:
229:fighting was the operation Bamberg in the area of
4072:
464:of the affected area, the so-called collection.
4106:Military history of Belarus during World War II
649:
795:
707:Major Anti-Partisan Operations in Belorussia
696:Nechama Tec, Defiance: The Bielski Partisans
661:, Kalkulierte Morde, pages 884 and following
335:A) Annihilation of the main partisan bands.
802:
788:
739:
401:4,396 people died in 15 localities alone.
311:. During a preliminary meeting on 8 March
93:
79:
4086:Anti-partisan operations of World War II
251:
358:also apply for the new operation area.
303:, responsible for the area, but by the
4073:
2649:
2627:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3498:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
2930:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
2576:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2532:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
1637:Rape during the occupation of Germany
783:
341:C) Collection of grain and livestock.
219:Occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany
2620:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
1652:Rape during the liberation of France
204:4,396 civilians and partisans killed
759:(in German). Vol. 13. Munich:
370:and murdered their inhabitants. In
13:
2846:German invasion of the Netherlands
1126:Weather events during World War II
14:
4122:
3477:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
4037:
809:
742:Slowakei, Rumänien und Bulgarien
383:Rudnia, Gmina Czarna Białostocka
195:
186:
164:
152:
142:
109:
95:
81:
746:Slovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria
338:B) Pacification of the country.
3724:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
1434:Territorial changes of Germany
1342:Indonesian National Revolution
733:
722:
711:
700:
689:
664:
1:
3124:Japanese invasion of Thailand
3075:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
2839:German invasion of Luxembourg
1220:Mediterranean and Middle East
643:
41:(1 week and 4 days)
3031:Invasion of the Soviet Union
2720:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
2038:Independent State of Croatia
483:, but also for instance for
279:with the subordinated 325th
7:
4101:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
4015:End of World War II in Asia
3855:Western invasion of Germany
3362:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
3339:Second Battle of El Alamein
2909:Hundred Regiments Offensive
2881:Battle of the Mediterranean
2734:Italian invasion of Albania
908:Air warfare of World War II
761:Institut für Zeitgeschichte
528:in the villages, mainly by
317:Army Group Centre Rear Area
277:Slovakian Infantry Regiment
10:
4127:
3941:Naval bombardment of Japan
3309:First Battle of El Alamein
3228:Battle of Christmas Island
3173:Japanese invasion of Burma
2937:Italian invasion of Greece
2853:German invasion of Belgium
2825:German invasion of Denmark
2798:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
2667:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
931:Comparative military ranks
266:
4030:
3862:Bratislava–Brno offensive
3802:
3793:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
3530:
3417:Allied invasion of Sicily
3371:
3277:Aleutian Islands campaign
3249:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
3196:
3187:Greek famine of 1941–1944
3082:Second Battle of Changsha
2987:German invasion of Greece
2955:
2832:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
2807:
2745:
2640:
2521:
2247:
2157:
2005:
1708:
1699:
1457:
1282:
1174:North and Central Pacific
1135:
897:
890:
817:
179:
136:
121:
73:
31:
23:
18:
3454:Allied invasion of Italy
3431:Solomon Islands campaign
3180:Third Battle of Changsha
2777:First Battle of Changsha
2683:Second Sino-Japanese War
1623:German military brothels
1489:United States war crimes
469:fighting against bandits
171:Slovak Infantry Regiment
128:Theodor von Bechtolsheim
3876:Second Guangxi campaign
3731:Philippines (1944–1945)
3235:Battle of the Coral Sea
3138:Fall of the Philippines
2784:Battle of South Guangxi
2690:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
2096:Italian Social Republic
505:Operation Frühlingsfest
387:Rudnia, Gmina Michałowo
362:Regiment and the 315th
329:203rd Security Division
305:707th Security Division
301:203rd Security Division
148:707th Security Division
39:26 March – 6 April 1942
3461:Armistice of Cassibile
3263:Battle of Dutch Harbor
3214:Battle of the Java Sea
3117:Attack on Pearl Harbor
3017:Syria–Lebanon campaign
3010:Battle of South Shanxi
2980:Invasion of Yugoslavia
2763:Battle of the Atlantic
2377:Korean Liberation Army
2090:(until September 1943)
2047:(until September 1944)
2025:(until September 1944)
364:Order Police battalion
313:Max von Schenckendorff
281:Order Police battalion
263:
160:Order Police battalion
122:Commanders and leaders
3625:Second Battle of Guam
3521:Bengal famine of 1943
3491:Second Battle of Kiev
3447:Battle of the Dnieper
3152:Battle of Wake Island
3024:East African campaign
2966:Battle of South Henan
2611:atrocities by Germans
2384:Korean Volunteer Army
1365:Occupation of Germany
1119:Music in World War II
586:Quartermaster General
544:. The support by the
255:
217:operation during the
215:Nazi security warfare
180:Casualties and losses
3911:Surrender of Germany
3389:Battle of West Hubei
3346:Guadalcanal campaign
3316:Battle of Stalingrad
3242:Battle of Madagascar
2016:Albania protectorate
1803:(formerly Swaziland)
1512:Wehrmacht war crimes
1328:Expulsion of Germans
1112:Art and World War II
1010:British contribution
959:Governments in exile
116:Belarusian partisans
4001:Potsdam Declaration
3890:Italy (Spring 1945)
3653:Liberation of Paris
3110:Siege of Sevastopol
2128:(until August 1944)
2031:Wang Jingwei regime
1853:from September 1943
1813:from September 1944
1751:from September 1944
1611:Romanian war crimes
1602:Persecution of Jews
1588:Croatian war crimes
1558:Japanese war crimes
1372:Occupation of Japan
1321:First Indochina War
1033:Military production
945:Declarations of war
534:Geheime Feldpolizei
201:47 weapons captured
3994:Surrender of Japan
3827:Battle of Iwo Jima
3676:Belgrade offensive
3089:Siege of Leningrad
2973:Battle of Shanggao
2902:British Somaliland
2867:Dunkirk evacuation
2818:Norwegian campaign
2756:Invasion of Poland
2583:Japanese prisoners
1551:Italian war crimes
1482:British war crimes
1397:Soviet occupations
1181:South-West Pacific
1068:Allied cooperation
1026:Military equipment
615:in many respects.
599:) to the south of
331:defined as tasks:
275:by actions of the
264:
4091:Conflicts in 1942
4068:
4067:
4026:
4025:
3869:Battle of Okinawa
3768:Burma (1944–1945)
3602:Mariana and Palau
3382:Tunisian campaign
3207:Fall of Singapore
3131:Fall of Hong Kong
2874:Battle of Britain
2727:Operation Himmler
2636:
2635:
2300:Dutch East Indies
1943:Southern Rhodesia
1695:
1694:
1595:Genocide of Serbs
1498:German war crimes
1475:Soviet war crimes
1468:Allied war crimes
1314:Division of Korea
1293:Chinese Civil War
1091:Strategic bombing
1003:Manhattan Project
770:978-3-11-036500-9
718:Curt von Gottberg
659:Christian Gerlach
582:Army High Command
497:Curt von Gottberg
245:, in the eastern
211:Operation Bamberg
208:
207:
69:
68:
19:Operation Bamberg
4118:
4111:Bandenbekämpfung
4061:
4054:
4047:
4044:World portal
4042:
4041:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3904:Prague offensive
3899:
3897:Battle of Berlin
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3841:Vienna offensive
3836:
3829:
3822:
3820:Battle of Manila
3815:
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3786:
3777:
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3761:
3754:
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3664:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3604:
3597:
3588:
3579:
3570:
3563:
3561:Korsun–Cherkassy
3556:
3545:
3523:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3403:Bombing of Gorky
3398:
3391:
3384:
3364:
3357:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3270:Battle of Midway
3265:
3258:
3256:Battle of Gazala
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3166:Battle of Borneo
3161:
3159:Malayan campaign
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3103:Bombing of Gorky
3098:
3096:Battle of Moscow
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2948:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2860:Battle of France
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2713:Munich Agreement
2708:
2701:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2669:
2662:
2647:
2646:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2598:Soviet prisoners
2592:
2585:
2578:
2569:
2562:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2538:German prisoners
2534:
2514:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2076:
2074:French Indochina
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2018:
1998:
1989:
1982:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1921:from August 1944
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1804:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1706:
1705:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1647:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1565:Nanjing Massacre
1560:
1553:
1544:
1542:Nuremberg trials
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1275:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1146:Asia and Pacific
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1077:
1075:Mulberry harbour
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1012:
1005:
998:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
917:
910:
895:
894:
883:
876:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
804:
797:
790:
781:
780:
775:
774:
758:
737:
731:
726:
720:
715:
709:
704:
698:
693:
687:
686:
684:
683:
674:. Archived from
668:
662:
656:
380:
261:Byelorussian SSR
241:to the south of
200:
199:
191:
190:
169:
168:
167:
157:
156:
155:
146:
114:
113:
105:
101:
99:
98:
91:
87:
85:
84:
33:
32:
16:
15:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4036:
4034:
4022:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3960:
3955:Atomic bombings
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3798:
3791:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3713:
3704:
3697:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3658:
3651:
3646:Eastern Romania
3644:
3639:Warsaw Uprising
3637:
3632:Tannenberg Line
3630:
3623:
3618:Western Ukraine
3616:
3607:
3600:
3591:
3582:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3548:
3539:
3526:
3519:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3410:Battle of Kursk
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3367:
3360:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3221:St Nazaire Raid
3219:
3212:
3205:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3045:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3003:Anglo-Iraqi War
3001:
2994:Battle of Crete
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2951:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2923:Eastern Romania
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2741:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2665:
2658:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2565:
2558:
2549:
2542:
2537:
2530:
2517:
2510:
2501:
2494:
2489:
2484:Western Ukraine
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2428:Northeast China
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2134:Slovak Republic
2132:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2105:Empire of Japan
2103:
2094:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2014:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1978:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1807:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1691:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1650:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1617:Sexual violence
1616:
1609:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1340:
1335:Greek Civil War
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1278:
1271:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1160:South-East Asia
1158:
1151:
1144:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1019:Military awards
1017:
1008:
1001:
994:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
913:
906:
886:
879:
872:
863:
856:
849:
844:
835:
828:
821:
813:
808:
778:
771:
752:
738:
734:
727:
723:
716:
712:
705:
701:
694:
690:
681:
679:
670:
669:
665:
657:
650:
646:
548:in the form or
419:machine pistols
374:
321:Security Police
315:, commander of
269:
227:"anti-partisan"
194:
193:
185:
165:
163:
162:
153:
151:
150:
108:
96:
94:
92:
82:
80:
65:
40:
12:
11:
5:
4124:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3974:
3971:South Sakhalin
3967:
3966:
3965:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3771:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3711:
3702:
3695:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3605:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3450:
3443:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3396:Battle of Attu
3392:
3385:
3377:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3145:Battle of Guam
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3068:Battle of Kiev
3064:
3057:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2579:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:United Kingdom
2563:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2535:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:British Empire
1964:United Kingdom
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1805:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1780:Czechoslovakia
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1714:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1677:Rape of Manila
1673:
1666:
1659:
1648:
1633:
1626:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1554:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1515:
1508:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1448:United Nations
1444:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1307:Decolonization
1303:
1296:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1013:
999:
992:
991:
990:
983:
980:United Kingdom
976:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
920:
919:
918:
903:
901:
892:
888:
887:
885:
884:
877:
870:
869:
868:
861:
854:
842:
841:
840:
826:
818:
815:
814:
807:
806:
799:
792:
784:
777:
776:
769:
763:. p. 39.
732:
721:
710:
699:
688:
663:
647:
645:
642:
609:Hungarian unit
550:reconnaissance
526:interrogations
443:
442:
435:
432:
429:
352:White Ruthenia
343:
342:
339:
336:
319:, thanked the
309:White Ruthenia
268:
265:
257:Mogilev Region
231:Hlusk District
225:for offensive
206:
205:
202:
182:
181:
177:
176:
173:
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
124:
123:
119:
118:
106:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
66:
51:Hlusk District
49:
47:
43:
42:
37:
29:
28:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4123:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:Kuril Islands
3975:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3901:
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3745:Syrmian Front
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2916:Baltic states
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2560:United States
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2496:Quốc dân Đảng
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2196:Liechtenstein
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2017:
2013:
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1980:United States
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1678:
1674:
1671:
1670:Comfort women
1667:
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1657:
1654: /
1653:
1649:
1646:
1643: /
1642:
1639: /
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:Camp brothels
1627:
1624:
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1619:
1615:
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1555:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:The Holocaust
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1505:forced labour
1502:
1501:
1499:
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1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
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1471:
1469:
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1391:
1390:
1385:
1382:
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1376:
1373:
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1362:
1359:
1358:Marshall Plan
1355:
1352:
1351:
1346:
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1339:
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1211:Eastern Front
1208:
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1204:Western Front
1201:
1200:
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1098:Puppet states
1095:
1092:
1088:
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1081:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
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1058:
1055:
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1041:
1040:Naval history
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1016:
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1000:
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987:United States
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834:
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831:
827:
824:
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786:
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772:
766:
762:
756:
751:
747:
743:
736:
730:
725:
719:
714:
708:
703:
697:
692:
678:on 2009-03-21
677:
673:
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638:
636:
633:
629:
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621:
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589:
587:
583:
577:
574:
570:
569:General Major
565:
560:
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551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
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523:
518:
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511:
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318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:Schutzpolizei
294:
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286:
282:
278:
274:
262:
258:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:pilot project
220:
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198:
189:
184:
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178:
174:
172:
161:
149:
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90:
78:
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64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
44:
38:
35:
34:
30:
27:
22:
17:
4052:Bibliography
4035:
3848:Project Hula
3813:Vistula–Oder
3782:
3715:
3706:
3690:
3660:
3609:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3541:
3438:
3353:
3329:
3299:
3050:
2943:
2888:North Africa
2590:Soviet Union
2544:Soviet Union
2470:Soviet Union
2238:Vatican City
2148:Vichy France
2053:German Reich
1950:Soviet Union
1936:South Africa
1929:Sierra Leone
1882:Newfoundland
1701:Participants
1684:Marocchinate
1388:
1379:
1349:
1227:North Africa
1188:Indian Ocean
1047:Nazi plunder
938:Cryptography
811:World War II
745:
741:
735:
724:
713:
702:
691:
680:. Retrieved
676:the original
666:
639:
630:against the
617:
590:
578:
564:confiscation
561:
522:examinations
519:
501:
481:Erntefest II
466:
459:agricultural
451:depopulation
444:
423:
403:
398:
360:
348:Bechtolsheim
344:
293:Order Police
283:in the area
270:
210:
209:
74:Belligerents
26:World War II
3783:Bodenplatte
3669:Gothic Line
2895:West Africa
2442:Philippines
2421:Netherlands
2286:Czech lands
2224:Switzerland
2168:Afghanistan
2119:Philippines
1987:Puerto Rico
1903:Philippines
1889:New Zealand
1875:Netherlands
1828:Free France
1579:Prosecution
1380:Osoaviakhim
1250:West Africa
1234:East Africa
881:Conferences
753: [
628:deportation
485:Sumpffieber
447:mass crimes
375: [
368:Kopakewiczi
289:Szitkowiczi
239:Oktiabrskij
63:Byelorussia
4075:Categories
3883:West Hunan
3716:Pointblank
3052:Silver Fox
3038:Summer War
2791:Winter War
2770:Phoney War
2551:Azerbaijan
2512:Yugoslavia
2407:Luxembourg
2249:Resistance
1996:Yugoslavia
1861:Luxembourg
1663:Sook Ching
1459:War crimes
1061:Technology
1054:Opposition
996:Lend-Lease
973:Australian
966:Home front
924:Blitzkrieg
874:Casualties
865:Commanders
837:Operations
682:2009-01-13
644:References
635:population
542:executions
473:Bolsheviks
455:plundering
439:farmsteads
411:resistance
3948:Manchuria
3834:Indochina
3610:Bagration
3061:Lithuania
2706:Anschluss
2503:Viet Minh
2400:Lithuania
2342:Hong Kong
2112:Manchukuo
2067:Azad Hind
1726:Australia
1526:Aftermath
1389:Paperclip
1284:Aftermath
1084:Total war
952:Diplomacy
915:In Europe
546:Luftwaffe
372:Chwoineja
4059:Category
4008:document
3918:document
3775:Ardennes
3759:Budapest
3707:Crossbow
3585:Overlord
3424:Smolensk
2642:Timeline
2477:Slovakia
2463:Thailand
2314:Ethiopia
2279:Bulgaria
2203:Portugal
2141:Thailand
2023:Bulgaria
1801:Eswatini
1794:Ethiopia
1747:Bulgaria
1572:Unit 731
1533:Response
1350:Keelhaul
1300:Cold War
1273:Americas
1264:timeline
1257:Atlantic
1137:Theaters
515:Weichsel
477:Nürnberg
462:products
407:peasants
356:children
323:and the
273:Zhytomyr
243:Bobrujsk
192:7 killed
137:Strength
103:Slovakia
55:Babruysk
46:Location
24:Part of
3985:Shumshu
3752:Hungary
3699:Estonia
3683:Lapland
3661:Dragoon
3594:Neptune
3576:Ichi-Go
3542:Tempest
3484:Changde
3439:Cottage
3331:Jubilee
3047:Finland
2945:Compass
2651:Prelude
2604:Finland
2490:Vietnam
2456:Romania
2328:Germany
2307:Estonia
2293:Denmark
2272:Belgium
2265:Austria
2258:Albania
2189:Ireland
2175:Andorra
2159:Neutral
2126:Romania
2060:Hungary
2045:Finland
1917:Romania
1809:Finland
1787:Denmark
1733:Belgium
1719:Algeria
1425:Romania
1411:Hungary
1167:Pacific
891:General
845:Leaders
830:Battles
823:Outline
748:].
632:peasant
620:plunder
557:flights
538:persons
510:Himmler
493:Hornung
267:History
259:in the
247:Polesie
235:Pariczi
175:Unknown
132:Unknown
89:Germany
59:Polesia
3962:Debate
3934:Taipei
3927:Borneo
3505:Tarawa
2699:Europe
2660:Africa
2449:Poland
2435:Norway
2414:Malaya
2393:Latvia
2335:Greece
2321:France
2217:Sweden
2182:Bhutan
1910:Poland
1896:Norway
1868:Mexico
1835:Greece
1821:France
1759:Canada
1740:Brazil
1710:Allies
1656:Serbia
1645:Poland
1418:Poland
1404:Baltic
1197:Europe
899:Topics
851:Allied
767:
624:murder
597:Sjwosk
554:combat
415:rifles
395:Kowali
221:. The
213:was a
158:315th
100:
86:
3738:Leyte
3568:Narva
3554:Anzio
3512:Makin
3470:Burma
3354:Torch
3323:Rzhev
3284:Kiska
2370:Korea
2356:Japan
2349:Italy
2231:Tibet
2210:Spain
2088:Italy
1849:Italy
1842:India
1766:China
1641:Japan
1241:Italy
1153:China
1105:Women
757:]
744:[
613:model
601:Lokot
593:Sewsk
489:Franz
399:et al
391:Kurin
379:]
285:Mozyr
3804:1945
3532:1944
3373:1943
3301:Blue
3291:Attu
3198:1942
2957:1941
2809:1940
2747:1939
2676:Asia
2523:POWs
2363:Jews
2081:Iraq
2007:Axis
1957:Tuva
1773:Cuba
858:Axis
765:ISBN
626:and
573:tons
552:and
524:and
491:and
479:and
417:and
36:Date
530:GFP
457:of
385:?,
4077::
3552:/
755:de
651:^
622:,
487:,
377:ru
325:SD
249:.
61:,
57:,
53:,
3055:)
3049:(
1923:)
1919:(
1855:)
1851:(
1815:)
1811:(
1753:)
1749:(
803:e
796:t
789:v
773:.
685:.
595:(
584:/
532:(
295:(
287:-
237:-
233:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
