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biomedicine. The study of the impact of zero gravity on living organisms allowed justification of the principles and methods of protecting humans from the unfavourable effects of space flight and creation of a system of supporting the health and productivity of space crews before, during, and after the flight. From 1978 Gazenko was involved in developing the system of physiological, health, and psychological measures for crews in prolonged space flights and after return to Earth.
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392:. In the aftermath of its failure, he adopted a survivor of this flight – a small dog named Krasavka (Красавка, "Little Beauty") also known as Kometka (Кометка, "Little Comet"). Krasavka went on to have puppies and continued living with Gazenko and his family until her death 14 years later. Gazenko was also directly involved in training the first human cosmonauts of the
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In 1941, Gazenko graduated from the
Military Department of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute as a medic 3rd rank (captain in the medical service). He and his whole class were immediately sent to the front. During the war, he served as the chief of an army hospital, 197th Battalion airfield services of
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In 1969, by the decision of the
Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers Gazenko was assigned to the 3rd General Directorate of the Ministry of Health as Director of the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems. His research of that period was focused on basic problems of space
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In 1947, Gazenko was appointed to the
Institute of Aviation Medicine of the Ministry of Defence. He was involved in studies of pilots in unfavourable climates—beyond the Arctic Circle and in deserts. Between 1948-1950 as the head of a medical research team, Gazenko took part in high-latitude Arctic
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air force tests "North Pole-2", "North Pole-3" and "North Pole-4". During this time he repeatedly worked on stations situated on drifting ice, as well as on the islands and the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Later he went on to conduct research on airmen working in difficult arid conditions of the
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In 1946-1947, Gazenko received special training at the
Military Medical Academy (Leningrad) in the department of physiology in the laboratory of Aviation Medicine, where, under the direct supervision of renowned physiologists – Academician Colonel-General
338:– studied the problem and the state of high-altitude physiology of higher nervous activity in hypoxic conditions. During this time he married Olga Alexeevna Tolmachevskaya. Together they had two children – a son, Alexei, and daughter, Larissa.
465:"Work with animals is a source of suffering to all of us. We treat them like babies who cannot speak. The more time passes, the more I'm sorry about it. We shouldn't have done it. We did not learn enough from the mission to justify the death of the dog."
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A deputy of the USSR from 1989–1991, – was a member of the
Committee on Science and Education of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and was a member of the Commission which investigated the 1989
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Gazenko was elected president of the All-Union (now Russia) Physiological
Society named Pavlov in 1987, and retired the following year with the rank of lieutenant-general in the medical services of the
426:, so we didn't dare to fly monkeys for a long time." Close contacts with American primate researchers were valuable, Gazenko says. "They helped us to overcome the, well, let's say the mental barrier."
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414:, which has been highly successful since its genesis in 1979. He recalls how difficult it was to decide to fly a primate for the first time. "It was obvious to us that we had to
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From 1955 Gazenko worked in the Soviet space program, focusing his efforts on research in the field of space biology and medicine relevant to weightlessness and orbital flight.
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Gazenko was an adviser to the
Russian Academy of Sciences at the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation "Institute of Biomedical Problems."
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Gazenko took a prominent part in a number of biological tests regarding space flight projects. He trained and supervised the animals used in the
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Until his death, he acted as an advisor to
Anatoly Grigoriev, the current Director of the Institute. He had been appointed to the position of
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the 15th Air Army in the West, South-Western, Bryansk, Baltic and
Belorussian fronts, receiving several decorations for his service.
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400:. Gagarin himself jokingly referred to it by saying: "I don't know whether I'm the first man in space, or the last dog in space."
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627:"The remarkable (And censored) Siberian adventure of stray dog cosmonauts Comet and Shutka"
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Grigoriev, Alexandr; Ugryumov, Mikhail; Lichterman, Boleslav (2008).
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Fundamentals of Space
Biology and Medicine;; (in three volumes, 1975)
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Notice of death at S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation
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422:. But our expertise was with other animals, like mice and
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Gazenko continued his work as part of the team behind the
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Gazenko was born on December 12, 1918, in the village of
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457:In 1998 Gazenko expressed regret for the manner of
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418:if we wanted to resolve the big questions about
16:Soviet scientist and general officer (1918–2007)
763:Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
758:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
317:to George and Larissa Gazenko, née Nikitin.
738:Soviet military personnel of the Korean War
289:and was leading a Soviet mission to train
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733:Soviet military personnel of World War II
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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768:Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery
708:Russian people of Ukrainian descent
609:"Gazenko Oleg G., photo, biography"
562:For service to the Fatherland Order
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525:(since 1963, more than 80 volumes)
365:project. Sputnik 2 was the second
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325:Research for the Soviet Air Force
283:Institute of Biomedical Problems
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698:20th-century Russian zoologists
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159:North Caucasian Soviet Republic
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718:Soviet space program personnel
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274:and a program manager in the
646:BMJ: British Medical Journal
390:1960 vostok prototype flight
334:and Professor Major General
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658:10.1136/bmj.39489.514282.be
557:Gold Medal of Pavlov (1988)
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642:"Oleg Georgievich Gazenko"
529:Space Biology and Medicine
475:Russian Academy of Science
723:Soviet Air Force generals
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260:Oleg Georgievich Gazenko
753:Soviet military doctors
713:Demidov Prize laureates
547:State Prize of the USSR
268:Олег Георгиевич Газенко
146:Олег Георгиевич Газенко
703:Russian physiologists
354:Space research career
203:Years of service
748:Soviet physiologists
276:Soviet space program
157:Nikolaevka village,
43:improve this article
420:manned space flight
409:Cosmos biosatellite
396:project, including
315:Stavropol Territory
773:Russian scientists
564:" IV Degree (1998)
215:Lieutenant-General
179:Russian Federation
743:Soviet zoologists
510:Mankind and Space
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613:the original
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197:Soviet Union
163:Russian SFSR
127:Oleg Gazenko
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41:Please help
36:verification
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693:2007 deaths
688:1918 births
471:Academician
416:fly monkeys
371:Earth orbit
332:Leon Orbeli
142:Native name
682:Categories
575:References
461:'s death:
430:Later life
367:spacecraft
348:Korean War
311:Mykolaivka
233:Korean War
185:Allegiance
99:April 2014
69:newspapers
363:Sputnik 2
301:mission.
299:Sputnik 2
206:1941–1988
586:Obituary
517:Journals
394:Vostok 1
667:2244784
560:Order "
531:in 1969
473:in the
449:Tbilisi
264:Russian
83:scholar
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570:(1998)
549:(1978)
541:Honors
512:(1987)
506:(1967)
500:(1961)
494:(1960)
377:named
287:Moscow
242:Awards
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486:Books
459:Laika
379:Laika
295:Laika
90:JSTOR
76:books
424:dogs
211:Rank
169:Died
152:Born
62:news
662:PMC
654:doi
650:336
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