39:
59:
48:
864:
2008:
333:
753:. Nushibi occupied lands south of Duolu, controlled a major stretch of the caravan road artery and numerous branches, and were profoundly affected by its operation. Bilingual Turkic-Sogdian merchants operated the constellation of oasis city-states with a common name Sogdiana and established a symbiotic relationship with their Nushibi nomadic sponsors. Lev Gumilyov noted that Duolu and Nushibi language was a "djo"-type dialect (
819:
I, Tengri-like and Tengri-born Turkic kagan mounted the throne. Hear my words you all, my younger brothers and my sons, my people and relatives, my nation, šad- apyt beks in the south, tarqan and buyruq beks in the north, Thirty (Tatars?), Beks and the people of Nine Oğuzes! Hear my words and listen!
744:
The difference between
Nushibi and Duolu groups was solely economical, a consequence of their relative geographical location. Duolu occupied northern portion of the Middle Asia steppes, away from the main artery of the Silk Road, and were little affected by the intracontinental trade. The main source
300:
Western Turks are ethnic Turks, rather than
Turkicized Sogdians, as suggested by the marked Mongoloid features and faces without beards. They are the most numerous ethnic group in the mural, and are not ambassadors, but rather military attendants. Their depiction offers a unique glimpse into the
347:
in 604, the
Western Turkic Kaganate initially had a three-tribe Nushibi right wing and a five-tribe Duolu left wing. Later on, two Nushibi tribes, Äskäl and Qoshu, reorganized themselves, each subdivided into two tribes, bringing the total numbers to ten, thus the collective name
828:
We fought with against Qošu tutuq. He killed many of their brave men. He brought a lot of their properties and belongings. When Kül Tegin was twenty-seven-year-old, he went to the Qarluq people. They became our enemies. We went on a campaign to the Tamaq-iduq
301:
costumes of the Turks in the 6–7th century CE. They typically wear 3 or 5 long plaits, often gathered together into a single long one. They have ankle-long monochromic sleeved coats with two lapels. This fashion for the collar is first seen in
380:, two other superpowers interested in the east-west trade. In the west, the coalition included Khazars in the N. Caucasus, and Bulgars in the N. Pontic steppes. This alignment was opposed a coalition of two other powers,
368:, a chain of small oasis principalities who were also members of the Western Turkic Khaganate, and served as main operators of the Silk Road. Nushibi interest in the Silk Road operation brought them, in addition to the
359:
The transfer of supremacy from the Duolu group to
Nushibi had outcome reverberating across Eurasian continent. Nushibi controlled, and benefited, from the operation of their section of the transcontinental trade road
480:(634–639), he enacted a major reform by consenting to the Duolu and Nushibi wings' autonomy and native leadership, not drawn from the Ashina clan. The order, favorable to the Duolu and Nushibi, was hurtful to the
802:
I, Tengri- llike and Tengri born Bilge kagan Turkic. Hear my words. When my father, Bilge kagan Turkic, ruled, you, supreme Turk beks, lower Tarduš beks, Šad – apyt beks led by Kul Čur, the rest Tüles beks, Apa
463:*/siɪ/) "impudent, undisciplined". Sir Yabghu Khagan was known to western contemporaries as Sinjibu and Silzibul. They soon had to replace him with Ashina Nishu under a name
141:). The references to Nushibi appeared in Chinese sources in 651 and disappeared after 766. The Nushibi tribes occupied the lands of the Western Turkic Khaganate west of the
544:(Izgil) tribe, and subjugated the former "western wing", which from that time disappeared from the literature. The episode of the military campaign is mentioned in the
1101:
1333://Historical And Cultural Relations Between Iran And Dasht-i Kipchak in the 13th through 18th Centuries, Materials of International Round Table, Almaty, 2004, p. 53,
1627:
1309:"The Costume of Foreign Embassies and Inhabitants of Samarkand on Wall Painting of the 7th c. in the "Hall of Ambassadors" from Afrasiab as a Historical Source"
811:
Led by Shad – Apyt beks, Bairuks... Tamgan Tarqan, Tonyukuk, Boila Bağa Tarqan, Buyruqs..., Inner
Buyruqs, led by Sebek Kul Erkin, all Buyruq beks! My father...
38:
3841:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
1220:
1993:
1249:
415:, the Duolu fraction restored its former dominating position. The coup brought a considerable upshot, in 630 Baghatur-Qaghan had to grant
1967:
1784:
1111:
2201:
1183:
2589:
1977:
2211:
405:
and Duolu tribes, and a consequent death of Tong Yabghu Qaghan from the hands of his uncle. In the interregnum, led by his uncle
2103:
452:
1616:
Historical And
Cultural Relations Between Iran And Dasht-i Kipchak in the 13-18th c.c. Materials of International Round Table
309:, a traditional Turkic land, in the 2nd–4th century CE. They have low black sharp-nosed boots. They wear gold bracelets with
2547:
2257:
1797:
1242:
1168:
1081:
1631:
2394:
3867:
1623:
1563:
1358:
1338:
1215:
1193:
1178:
1173:
2262:
1972:
1121:
1062:
1669:
3862:
2868:
2184:
2157:
1777:
2280:
2043:
1235:
1188:
843:
2196:
3403:
2582:
2316:
2172:
2111:
1435:
Kenzheakhmet, Nurlan (2014). ""Ethnonyms and
Toponyms" of the Old Turkic Inscriptions in Chinese sources".
273:, "soldier, servant"). Nurlan Kenzheakhmet etymologised 弩失畢 (MC: nuǝ-șit-pjit) as Chinese transcription of
1741:
863:
2247:
2242:
3469:
2457:
2409:
2179:
2147:
2007:
1770:
469:(632–634), probably to appease the northern Duolu tribes. The next succession followed the traditional
444:
1386:
401:(modern Tashkent) oasis. The period of Nushibi dominance was interrupted in 628 by a joined revolt of
58:
2252:
2237:
2189:
1921:
935:
873:
766:
3801:
3760:
2928:
2512:
2384:
2206:
2162:
327:
117:
67:
1745:
2968:
2893:
2657:
2650:
2575:
2452:
2421:
2389:
2379:
2275:
2167:
2152:
2116:
2016:
1308:
1163:
579:
533:
385:
47:
1642:
Venturi (2008). "An Old
Tibetan document on the Uighurs: A new translation and interpretation".
3791:
2497:
2369:
2346:
2311:
2135:
1131:
954:
344:
243:; and proposed Iranian etymologies, meaning "good horsemen": with *nu "good" (cf. Old Persian
3447:
2742:
2540:
2517:
2467:
2294:
2225:
2121:
1805:
1158:
852:
3786:
3123:
2747:
2627:
2502:
2472:
2426:
2326:
1947:
536:. In 667 the Nushibi wing of the On oq allied with Tibet. At about 720, a campaign led by
397:, known from the Armenian annals as "King of the North". The capital was located north of
8:
3650:
2938:
2673:
2556:
2507:
2492:
2436:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2038:
1901:
994:
793:
549:
470:
225:
217:
125:
528:
In 647 the
Western Turkic Kaganate was split into two independent states as a result of
3331:
3133:
3043:
2943:
2477:
2341:
1420:
Róna-Tas, András "Bayan and
Asparuh. Nine Notes on Turks and Iranians in East Europe",
423:. Nushibi opposition to the usurper was headed by Ashina Nishu, a ruler with a seat in
393:
293:
74:
3489:
3388:
2849:
2707:
2267:
1957:
1881:
1619:
1559:
1354:
1334:
1071:
984:
770:
762:
436:
337:
192:
1543:
435:
province. Külüg Sibir was killed in 631, and Nushibi installed their choice, son of
236:
3796:
3442:
3289:
3158:
3090:
3019:
2963:
2948:
2933:
2918:
2888:
2878:
2854:
2790:
2697:
2306:
1911:
1891:
1856:
944:
692:
407:
352:(Ch. 十箭 "ten arrows"). Both Nushibi and Duolu belonged to the Turkic tribes of the
274:
204:
116:) was a Chinese collective name for five tribes of the right (western) wing in the
91:
3806:
3413:
3324:
3163:
3143:
3048:
3038:
3024:
2953:
2913:
2908:
2873:
2774:
2728:
2702:
2431:
2354:
2321:
2063:
2033:
1896:
388:, which brought about the first world wars of the 7th century Early Middle Ages.
1403:
120:, and members of "ten arrows" confederation found in the Chinese literature (十箭
3842:
3725:
3474:
3229:
3153:
3095:
3014:
2958:
2923:
2898:
2883:
2814:
2641:
2606:
2598:
2331:
2028:
1962:
1942:
1698:
1684:
Dobrovits, M. (2014-2015) "On the Titulature of Western Turkic chieftains", in
1091:
1044:
460:
420:
181:
109:
3611:
3009:
545:
3856:
3770:
3575:
3545:
3479:
3418:
3310:
3303:
3250:
3138:
3128:
2903:
2723:
2462:
2399:
2073:
2068:
2053:
1926:
1906:
1871:
1861:
1515:
1494:
1034:
1014:
974:
475:
260:
177:
391:
Nushibi interests in the Western Turkic Kaganate were advanced by the Kagan
3818:
3685:
3670:
3484:
3423:
3393:
3357:
3317:
3181:
3053:
3030:
2798:
2734:
2621:
1916:
1866:
1851:
1480:. 1900. Paris, Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient. Reprint: SPb, 1903, p. 47.
1024:
563:, Vol. 199 records the five sub-tribes' names and titles of their leaders.
465:
398:
332:
310:
3822:
3705:
3700:
3644:
3148:
3064:
2991:
2860:
2841:
2664:
2487:
2335:
2058:
2048:
1004:
520:
kins were in the privileged positions both in Duolu & Nushibi wings.
185:
419:
their independence and allow them to reorganize as what became known as
3505:
2752:
2088:
1793:
1673:
Bolor-un gerel. Crystal-splendor. Tanulmányok Kara György tiszteletére.
146:
3690:
2834:
1762:
1544:
Sinjibu, or Silzibul (Turkish leader) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
3720:
3710:
3657:
3624:
3510:
3296:
3258:
3239:
3219:
3194:
3100:
2634:
2083:
2078:
1886:
1697:
Maħmūd al-Kašğari. "Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk". Edited & translated by
1273:
585:
537:
529:
448:
373:
361:
157:
142:
1455:
769:
branches of the Turkic language family; in Chuvash, the only extant
3830:
3675:
3619:
3605:
3590:
3565:
3555:
3525:
3214:
3201:
3187:
2768:
746:
560:
489:
369:
365:
267:
212:(Róna-Tas, 2016:70). If true, Nushibi might be identified with the
20:
656:
517:
3765:
3715:
3665:
3634:
3595:
3585:
3540:
3535:
3520:
3437:
3383:
3346:
3341:
3234:
3224:
3209:
3058:
2827:
2781:
2692:
2567:
2482:
1876:
1268:
964:
882:
501:
497:
493:
481:
432:
424:
416:
402:
207:
3740:
3730:
3680:
3629:
3580:
3570:
3550:
3530:
3515:
3429:
3365:
3351:
3283:
3268:
3263:
3244:
3072:
2986:
2093:
1825:
1263:
909:
750:
596:
574:
541:
513:
509:
505:
381:
353:
306:
302:
99:
1952:
496:, and worst of all to the descendants of the Eastern/Northern
3838:
3735:
3695:
3600:
3560:
3278:
3273:
3105:
2820:
1830:
900:
713:
569:
532:
treaty. The independence period lasted until the rise of the
485:
473:
order, a younger brother of Nishu was enthroned with a title
377:
1605:. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. p. 210.
3834:
3826:
1835:
1820:
1371:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
918:
891:
540:
defeated the forces of the Nushibi tribal union led by the
336:
Greatest extent of the Western Turkic Khaganate after the
16:
Former tribal confederacy in Kazakhstan in Chinese sources
136:
287:
1408:(Studies on Ancient Tūjué stele inscriptions). p. 147
1424:
105, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden (2016). pp. 65-78
191:(Bombaci, 1976) "lord of a hundred" or borrowed from
1526:
1524:
1381:
1379:
739:
1590:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People
1558:. (1987), pp. 32–33. Princeton University Press.
1521:
1376:
773:dialect, "y-" /j/ becomes occasionally "ś-" /ɕ/.
3854:
1729:An Introduction to the History of Turkic Peoples
1670:"Some Central Asian Ethnonyms Among the Mongols"
1456:"On the Titulature of Western Turkic Chieftains"
1688:Vol. 21. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 81
1478:Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux
1453:
453:graphically pejorative Chinese transliteration
2583:
1778:
1243:
761:abgu). The "djo"-type dialects belong to the
1703:Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature
1466:. Wiesbaden: Otto-Harassowitz Verlag: 79–80.
1434:
757:abgu), as opposed to the "yo"-type dialect (
512:who were especially anguished because their
231:Other scholars etymologised Nushibi without
184:, 1972) or is a title, either cognate with
2590:
2576:
1785:
1771:
1516:http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot15.htm
1495:http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot12.htm
1250:
1236:
820:All people after me in the east to sunrise
321:
555:
1718:, Moscow, 'Science', 1967, p.150, note 3
1306:
807:Bilge Khagan inscription, 1st side, 15:
798:Bilge Khagan inscription, 1st side, 14:
331:
168:, which, he asserts, transcribes Turkic
1792:
1592:. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. p. 136.
815:Bilge Khagan inscription, 2nd side, 2:
3855:
1701:in collaboration with James Kelly. In
1343:
776:
2571:
1766:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
316:
824:Kül Tegin inscription, 2nd side, 2:
288:Ethnic and sartorial characteristics
221:
129:
1493:, Moscow, 'Science', 1967, Ch. 12,
1323:
1082:Governor-Generalship of the Steppes
152:
13:
2597:
1614:Zuev Yu.A. "The Strongest Tribe".
1603:The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia
1556:The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia
1510:, Moscow, 'Science', 1967, Ch. 15
1285:
164:s Middle Chinese pronunciation as
14:
3879:
1675:I-II. Budapest. p. 2, footnote 19
1534:, Moscow, 'Science', 1967, Ch. 16
1216:Outline of Kazak military history
740:Ethnic and linguistic affiliation
356:group, and spoke close dialects.
3833:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
2006:
862:
745:of Duolu trade income came from
57:
46:
37:
1734:
1721:
1708:
1691:
1678:
1662:
1655:Zuev (2004: 43-44, 50) glossed
1649:
1636:
1608:
1595:
1582:
1569:
1548:
1537:
1500:
1483:
1470:
1460:Archivum Eurasiae Archivi Aevii
1454:Dobrovits, Mihály (2014–2015).
1437:Studia et Documenta Turcologica
723:
705:
685:
673:
523:
176:either means "entourage of the
73:officers and seated courtiers,
1447:
1427:
1414:
1396:
1363:
711:暾 is possibly an allograph of
104:
1:
1577:"The Strongest tribe - Izgil"
1351:"The Strongest tribe - Esgil"
1331:"The Strongest tribe - Izgil"
1279:
1221:Bibliography of Kazak history
364:), and were in alliance with
1686:Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
1512:World War of the 7th century
1307:Yatsenko, Sergey A. (2004).
627:Básègàn tūn shābō(lüè) sìjīn
137:
7:
1402:Shimin, Geng (耿世民) (2005).
833:
284:(*nišame), meaning "west".
239:reconstructed "Nushibi" as
19:For Nushibi butterfly, see
10:
3884:
1705:. Part I. (1982). p. 82-86
791:
445:Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan
325:
18:
3815:
3779:
3753:
3498:
3456:
3402:
3374:
3172:
3114:
3081:
3000:
2977:
2934:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
2807:
2761:
2716:
2685:
2614:
2605:
2534:
2445:
2417:
2408:
2302:
2293:
2233:
2224:
2143:
2134:
2102:
2024:
2015:
2004:
1986:
1935:
1844:
1813:
1804:
1601:Beckwith, Christopher I.
1588:Golden, Peter B. (1992).
1554:Beckwith, Christopher I.
1393:, 16/2 (2012). p. 8 of 29
633:*Barsḫan Tun-ašpa--erkin
630:*Barsqan tun iśbara irkin
443:(not to be confused with
95:
3868:Western Turkic Khaganate
3802:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
3470:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
1644:Journal of Asian History
441:Irbis Ishbara Sir Yabghu
372:, into a coalition with
118:Western Turkic Khaganate
2959:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
2615:Azerbaijani communities
2034:Altay (Altai) Mountains
1373:, (January 2011), p. 24
534:Second Turkic Khaganate
386:Eastern Turkic Kaganate
343:After the split of the
328:Western Turkic Kaganate
322:Western Turkic Kaganate
3863:Turkic peoples of Asia
3792:Crimean Tatar diaspora
2969:Western Thracian Turks
2904:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
2258:Science and technology
1978:Republic of Kazakhstan
1626:. p. 47 (in Russian).
1132:Republic of Kazakhstan
831:
822:
813:
805:
556:Nushibi tribal leaders
345:First Turkic Khaganate
340:
3499:Extinct Turkic groups
3457:Turkic minorities in
3404:Turkic minorities in
3375:Turkic minorities in
3173:Turkic minorities in
2651:Georgian Azerbaijanis
826:
817:
809:
800:
335:
203:"army lord", compare
3817:Central Asian (i.e.
3787:Azerbaijani diaspora
3124:Iranian Azerbaijanis
2762:Turkmen communities
2658:Western Azerbaijanis
2628:Iranian Azerbaijanis
1948:List of Kazakh khans
1668:Tatár, M. M. (2005)
1476:Chavannes, Édouard.
241:*nu śipiɺ, *nu śipir
2808:Turkish communities
2674:Javanshir Qizilbash
2059:Khan Tangiri Shyngy
2039:Aral Karakum Desert
1902:Kara-Khanid Khanate
1887:Xueyantuo Khaganate
1748:on February 3, 2015
1385:Golden, Peter B., “
1063:Post-nomadic period
794:Orkhon inscriptions
777:Orkhon Inscriptions
702:"fowler, falconeer"
647:*Ezgil Nizuk-erkin
550:Orkhon inscriptions
548:inscription in the
226:Orkhon inscriptions
224:) mentioned in the
3332:Siberian Bukharans
3134:Chaharmahali Turks
3115:Turkic minorities
3082:Turkic minorities
3001:Turkic minorities
2717:Kyrgyz communities
2686:Kazakh communities
2263:Telecommunications
1646:. 1 (42): p. 9, 30
1387:Oq and Oğur ~ Oğuz
691:possibly reflects
665:*Kašu Čopan-erkin
644:*Äskäl niźuk irkin
641:Āxījiē níshú sìjīn
588:'s reconstruction
471:lateral succession
437:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
394:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
341:
317:Historical outline
294:Afrasiab paintings
75:Afrasiab paintings
3850:
3849:
3749:
3748:
3660:
3653:
3614:
3490:Tatars of Romania
3463:
3432:
3389:Mongolian Kazakhs
3360:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3067:
3033:
2944:Palestinian Turks
2939:Montenegrin Turks
2863:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2793:
2784:
2777:
2737:
2708:Mongolian Kazakhs
2676:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2565:
2564:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2289:
2288:
2220:
2219:
2212:Political parties
2185:Freedom of speech
2158:Foreign relations
2130:
2129:
2002:
2001:
1958:Russian Turkestan
1882:Oghuz Yabgu State
1727:Golden, Peter B.
1659:as "собака"/"dog"
1369:Golden, Peter B.
1260:
1259:
1184:Eastern Orthodoxy
1143:
1142:
1072:Russian Turkestan
1053:
1052:
955:Turkic (Göktürks)
926:
925:
669:
668:
662:*Qošu čupan irkin
605:*Ezgil Kül-erkin
582:'s reconstruction
338:Battle of Bukhara
135:
3875:
3797:Turkish diaspora
3656:
3649:
3610:
3461:
3443:Karategin Uzbeks
3428:
3356:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3290:Astrakhan Tatars
3288:
3253:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3159:Iranian Turkmens
3091:Crimean Karaites
3063:
3029:
2929:Macedonian Turks
2894:Dodecanese Turks
2859:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2791:Iranian Turkmens
2789:
2780:
2773:
2733:
2672:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2612:
2611:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2550:
2543:
2415:
2414:
2390:Wedding ceremony
2350:
2300:
2299:
2281:Waste management
2271:
2231:
2230:
2141:
2140:
2112:Cities and towns
2084:Tien (Tian) Shan
2022:
2021:
2010:
1912:Chagatai Khanate
1897:Kyrgyz Khaganate
1892:Uyghur Khaganate
1857:Rouran Khaganate
1811:
1810:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1744:. Archived from
1738:
1732:
1731:(1992). p. 23-25
1725:
1719:
1712:
1706:
1695:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1666:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1612:
1606:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1552:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1504:
1498:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1400:
1394:
1391:Turkic Languages
1383:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1347:
1341:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1304:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1139:
1068:
1067:
941:
940:
879:
878:
866:
856:
838:
837:
789:
788:
784:
733:
727:
721:
709:
703:
689:
683:
677:
619:*Kašu Kül-erkin
602:*Äskäl čur irkin
566:
565:
223:
153:Name's Etymology
145:of contemporary
140:
134:romanized:
133:
131:
106:
97:
61:
50:
41:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3811:
3807:Kazakh diaspora
3775:
3745:
3494:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3414:Afghan Turkmens
3405:
3398:
3376:
3370:
3325:Siberian Tatars
3249:
3174:
3168:
3164:Iranian Kazakhs
3144:Khorasani Turks
3116:
3110:
3083:
3077:
3020:Chinese Kazakhs
3002:
2996:
2979:
2978:Turkic peoples
2973:
2874:Bulgarian Turks
2850:Abkhazian Turks
2803:
2775:Afghan Turkmens
2757:
2712:
2703:Iranian Kazakhs
2698:Chinese Kazakhs
2681:
2601:
2596:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2522:
2441:
2404:
2348:
2285:
2269:
2216:
2197:Law enforcement
2126:
2098:
2064:Kyzylkum Desert
2011:
1998:
1982:
1931:
1840:
1800:
1791:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1716:"Ancient Türks"
1713:
1709:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1679:
1667:
1663:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1618:, Almaty, 2004
1613:
1609:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1538:
1532:"Ancient Türks"
1529:
1522:
1508:"Ancient Türks"
1505:
1501:
1491:"Ancient Türks"
1488:
1484:
1475:
1471:
1452:
1448:
1432:
1428:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1384:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1348:
1344:
1328:
1324:
1305:
1286:
1282:
1256:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1065:
1055:
1054:
938:
928:
927:
876:
854:
847:
836:
796:
790:
786:
782:
780:
779:
767:Siberian Turkic
742:
737:
736:
728:
724:
710:
706:
690:
686:
678:
674:
616:*Qošu čur irkin
613:Gēshū què sìjīn
558:
526:
447:), whose title
413:Baghatur Qaghan
330:
324:
319:
290:
155:
81:
80:
79:
78:
64:
63:
62:
53:
52:
51:
43:
42:
33:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3848:
3847:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3726:Yenisei Kyrgyz
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3475:Finnish Tatars
3472:
3466:
3464:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Crimean Tatars
3093:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3039:Chinese Uzbeks
3036:
3035:
3034:
3025:Chinese Kyrgyz
3022:
3017:
3015:Chinese Tatars
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2964:Tunisian Turks
2961:
2956:
2951:
2949:Romanian Turks
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Lebanese Turks
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2899:Egyptian Turks
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2879:Croatian Turks
2876:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2855:Algerian Turks
2852:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2729:Chinese Kyrgyz
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2618:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2599:Turkic peoples
2595:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2253:Stock Exchange
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2173:Prime Minister
2170:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Aktogay Canyon
2025:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:Alash Autonomy
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1943:Kazakh Khanate
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1760:
1759:
1733:
1720:
1714:Gumilev L.N.,
1707:
1699:Robert Dankoff
1690:
1677:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1568:
1547:
1536:
1530:Gumilev L.N.,
1520:
1506:Gumilev L.N.,
1499:
1489:Gumilev L.N.,
1482:
1469:
1446:
1426:
1413:
1395:
1375:
1362:
1342:
1322:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1092:Alash Autonomy
1088:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1045:Kazakh Khanate
1041:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
987:
981:
980:
977:
971:
970:
967:
961:
960:
957:
951:
950:
947:
939:
934:
933:
930:
929:
924:
923:
921:
915:
914:
912:
910:Kangju Kingdom
906:
905:
903:
897:
896:
894:
888:
887:
885:
877:
872:
871:
868:
867:
859:
858:
849:
848:
841:
835:
832:
778:
775:
741:
738:
735:
734:
722:
704:
684:
671:
670:
667:
666:
663:
660:
653:
649:
648:
645:
642:
639:
635:
634:
631:
628:
625:
621:
620:
617:
614:
611:
607:
606:
603:
600:
594:
590:
589:
583:
577:
572:
557:
554:
525:
522:
421:Great Bulgaria
326:Main article:
323:
320:
318:
315:
289:
286:
237:János Harmatta
193:Middle Iranian
172:"right wing".
154:
151:
110:Middle Chinese
66:
65:
56:
55:
54:
45:
44:
36:
35:
34:
30:
29:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3880:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3845:territories).
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Black Klobuks
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3462:(exc. Russia)
3455:
3449:
3448:Afghan Kyrgyz
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:Mishar Tatars
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:in Uzbekistan
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Serbian Turks
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Kosovan Turks
2912:
2910:
2909:Israeli Turks
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:Cypriot Turks
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Bosnian Turks
2867:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Afghan Kyrgyz
2741:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2400:Kazakh tribes
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
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2373:
2371:
2368:
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2298:
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2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:National Bank
2246:
2244:
2243:Energy policy
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:Sharyn Canyon
2072:
2070:
2069:Lake Balkhash
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:Kazakh Steppe
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2009:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1927:Uzbek Khanate
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Mongol Empire
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:Kimek Khanate
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:Early history
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1807:
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1799:
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1769:
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1765:
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1665:
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1633:
1629:
1625:
1624:9965-699-14-3
1621:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1564:0-691-02469-3
1561:
1557:
1551:
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1533:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1496:
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1399:
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1382:
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1372:
1366:
1360:
1359:9965-699-14-3
1356:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1339:9965-699-14-3
1336:
1332:
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1318:
1314:
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1125:
1123:
1120:
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1110:
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1103:
1100:
1099:
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1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:Uzbek Khanate
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1015:Mongol Empire
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
993:
992:
988:
986:
983:
982:
978:
976:
973:
972:
968:
966:
963:
962:
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952:
948:
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821:
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808:
804:
799:
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772:
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764:
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756:
752:
748:
732:
726:
719:
718:
717:
708:
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697:
694:
688:
682:
676:
672:
664:
661:
658:
654:
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637:
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632:
629:
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623:
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612:
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587:
584:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
564:
562:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
477:
476:Ishbara Tolis
472:
468:
467:
462:
458:
454:
451:received the
450:
446:
442:
439:with a title
438:
434:
431:), who ruled
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
411:with a title
410:
409:
404:
400:
396:
395:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
357:
355:
351:
346:
339:
334:
329:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
295:
285:
283:
279:
276:
272:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
219:
215:
211:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:nou siet-piet
163:
160:reconstructs
159:
150:
148:
144:
139:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:nuoɕiɪt̚piɪt̚
111:
107:
101:
93:
89:
85:
76:
72:
69:
60:
49:
40:
26:
22:
3639:
3485:Lipka Tatars
3358:Tozhu Tuvans
3318:Volga Tatars
3031:Akto Turkmen
2924:Libyan Turks
2884:Cretan Turks
2799:Akto Turkmen
2748:Tajik Kyrgyz
2735:Akto Turkmen
2622:Azerbaijanis
2458:Azerbaijanis
2410:Demographics
2327:Coat of arms
2317:Architecture
2180:Human rights
2148:Constitution
2104:Subdivisions
1917:Golden Horde
1867:Kangar union
1750:. Retrieved
1746:the original
1742:"Turk Bitig"
1736:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1651:
1643:
1638:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1571:
1555:
1550:
1539:
1531:
1518:(In Russian)
1511:
1507:
1502:
1497:(In Russian)
1490:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1416:
1410:(in Chinese)
1404:
1398:
1390:
1370:
1365:
1350:
1345:
1330:
1325:
1316:
1312:
1102:Kirghiz ASSR
1025:Golden Horde
827:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
797:
758:
754:
751:Turfan basin
743:
730:
725:
715:
712:
707:
699:
695:
687:
680:
675:
559:
527:
524:Independence
474:
466:Duolu Qaghan
464:
456:
440:
428:
412:
406:
392:
390:
358:
349:
342:
311:lapis lazuli
297:
291:
281:
280:(*nišēbīg),
277:
270:
263:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
232:
230:
213:
208:
200:
196:
188:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
121:
113:
103:
87:
83:
82:
77:, 648–651 CE
70:
68:Western Turk
25:
3706:Toquz Oghuz
3645:Oghuz Turks
3612:Sir-Kıvchak
3406:Afghanistan
3149:Qarai Turks
3065:Tor Uyghurs
3044:Fuyu Kyrgyz
2992:Karakalpaks
2861:Kouloughlis
2665:Karapapakhs
2238:Agriculture
2049:Caspian Sea
1968:Kazakh ASSR
1922:White Horde
1752:December 8,
1313:Transoxiana
1112:Kazakh ASSR
1005:Qara Khitai
995:Kara-Khanid
853:History of
829:headwaters.
698:"snout" or
624:拔塞幹暾沙缽(略)俟斤
546:Bilge Kagan
408:Külüg Sibir
313:or pearls.
186:Old Persian
3857:Categories
2753:Van Kyrgyz
2635:Shahsevans
2513:Ukrainians
2385:Television
2349:(Internet)
2270:(currency)
2207:Parliament
2163:Government
2089:Ural River
1973:Kazakh SSR
1936:Since 1465
1814:Prehistory
1794:Kazakhstan
1575:Yu. Zuev,
1422:Turcologia
1349:Yu. Zuev,
1329:Yu. Zuev,
1280:References
1169:Healthcare
1122:Kazakh SSR
1029:1240s–1446
855:Kazakhstan
792:See also:
257:*aśśaβârya
253:*aśva-bâra
222:𐱁𐰑𐰯𐰃𐱃
218:Old Turkic
170:oŋ šadapït
147:Kazakhstan
126:Old Turkic
3780:Diasporas
3721:Xueyantuo
3711:Uriankhai
3658:Pechenegs
3651:Turkomans
3625:Kutrigurs
3297:Kryashens
3259:Kumandins
3240:Karachays
3220:Besermyan
3195:Telengits
3101:Krymchaks
3084:in Crimea
3049:Ili Turks
2642:Küresünni
2453:Armenians
2422:Education
2380:Squatting
2276:Transport
2168:President
2153:Elections
2117:Districts
2079:Syr Darya
2017:Geography
1405:古代突厥文碑铭研究
1353:, p. 53,
1274:Geshu Han
1164:Geography
1126:1936–1991
1116:1925–1936
1106:1920–1925
1096:1918–1920
1086:1882–1918
1076:1867–1918
1049:1465–1847
1039:1428-1465
1019:1206–1368
1009:1124–1218
599:què sìjīn
538:Kul Tegin
530:Ili River
374:Byzantine
362:Silk Road
268:Old Indic
266:"horse",
249:*aśśaβâra
235:in mind.
189:*satapati
158:Yury Zuev
143:Ili River
3831:Turkmens
3819:Turkmeni
3676:Saragurs
3620:Kurykans
3606:Kipchaks
3591:Keraites
3576:Göktürks
3566:Dughlats
3556:Dingling
3526:Berendei
3377:Mongolia
3347:Tofalars
3311:Nağaybäk
3215:Bashkirs
3202:Tubalars
3188:Chelkans
3182:Altaians
3003:in China
2835:Tahtacıs
2828:Muhacirs
2769:Turkmens
2557:Category
2498:Russians
2432:Language
2370:Religion
2322:Clothing
2307:Alphabet
2202:Military
2136:Politics
1987:By topic
1862:Göktürks
1798:articles
1632:original
1628:archived
1579:, p. 58,
1179:Buddhism
1174:Religion
999:840–1212
989:750–1055
979:743–1220
936:Khanates
844:a series
842:Part of
834:See also
580:Beckwith
561:Tongdian
514:Chumuhun
490:Kipchaks
384:and the
370:Sogdians
366:Sogdiana
201:špād-pad
197:špādapit
162:Nushibi'
105:Nǔ shībì
88:Nu-shibi
21:Plebejus
3843:Ottoman
3827:Iranian
3823:Afghani
3771:Mughals
3766:Hazaras
3716:Utigurs
3691:Türgesh
3666:Onogurs
3640:Nushibi
3635:Naimans
3596:Khazars
3586:Karluks
3541:Chigils
3536:Bulgars
3521:Barsils
3459:Europe
3438:Ansarlu
3384:Khotons
3342:Teleuts
3235:Dolgans
3230:Chuvash
3225:Chulyms
3210:Balkars
3154:Qashqai
3139:Khalajs
3117:in Iran
3059:Uyghurs
2782:Ansarlu
2693:Kazakhs
2607:Peoples
2541:Outline
2518:Uyghurs
2488:Koreans
2483:Kazakhs
2468:Germans
2446:Peoples
2355:Kazakhs
2347:Kaznet
2332:Cuisine
2295:Culture
2226:Economy
2122:Regions
2094:Zhetysu
2044:Borders
1877:Karluks
1806:History
1194:Judaism
1159:Culture
1138:present
969:665–744
959:552–745
949:330–555
883:Scythia
874:Ancient
803:Tarqan…
763:Kipchak
749:of the
638:阿悉結泥孰俟斤
504:(later
498:Xiongnu
494:Basmals
482:Karluks
433:Bukhara
429:Paikent
425:Paykend
417:Bulgars
403:Karluks
298:Nushibi
292:In the
275:Sogdian
245:*naiba-
233:Šadapït
214:Šadapït
209:Spāhbed
205:Pahlavi
182:Clauson
174:Šadapït
130:𐰆𐰣:𐰸
122:shíjiàn
92:Chinese
84:Nushibi
71:Nushibi
31:Nushibi
3839:Syrian
3761:Abdals
3754:Others
3741:Yabaku
3731:Yueban
3681:Shatuo
3671:Sabirs
3630:Merkit
3581:Kangly
3571:Esegel
3551:Cumans
3531:Bulaqs
3516:Basmyl
3480:Gagauz
3430:Timuri
3424:Aimaqs
3419:Afshar
3366:Yakuts
3352:Tuvans
3284:Tatars
3279:Soyots
3269:Nogais
3264:Kumyks
3251:Koibal
3245:Khakas
3175:Russia
3129:Afshar
3073:Yugurs
2987:Uzbeks
2842:Yörüks
2724:Kyrgyz
2503:Tatars
2473:Greeks
2463:Dungan
2427:Health
2312:Anthem
2268:Tenge
1994:Postal
1826:Kangju
1796:
1622:
1562:
1443:: 302.
1357:
1337:
1269:Chuyue
1264:Yueban
1152:Topics
965:Karluk
945:Rouran
846:on the
781:": -->
747:Turfan
693:Turkic
657:chùbàn
655:Gēshū
652:阿舒處半俟斤
597:Āxījiē
593:阿悉結闕俟斤
575:Pinyin
518:Chuban
508:) and
506:Shatuo
502:Chuyüe
459:(<
382:Persia
307:Turfan
303:Khotan
296:, the
278:nšypyk
271:bhârya
247:) and
199:< *
102::
100:pinyin
94::
3835:Iraqi
3736:Yagma
3701:Torks
3696:Tuhsi
3686:Tiele
3601:Kimek
3561:Duolu
3394:Dukha
3274:Shors
3106:Urums
3054:Salar
2821:Gajal
2815:Turks
2548:Index
2508:Turks
2493:Poles
2437:Women
2395:Y-DNA
2375:Sport
2365:Music
2360:Media
1831:Wusun
1630:from
1209:Other
1189:Islam
1136:1991–
985:Oghuz
975:Kimek
901:Wusun
771:Oghur
731:nêšug
700:kušču
681:Ärski
659:sìjīn
610:哥舒闕俟斤
570:Hanzi
542:Ezgil
510:Chumi
486:Yagma
399:Chach
378:China
350:On Oq
305:near
259:(cf.
255:, or
138:On Oq
3837:and
3825:and
3506:Alat
3010:Äynu
2478:Jews
2342:Flag
2336:wine
2190:LGBT
1852:Tele
1836:Huns
1821:Saka
1754:2019
1657:kušu
1620:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1355:ISBN
1335:ISBN
919:Huns
892:Saka
783:edit
765:and
729:or *
696:küšü
679:or *
586:Zuev
516:and
478:shad
376:and
354:Chuy
282:nšmy
264:aśśa
261:Saka
178:Shad
1953:Jüz
1514:,
1389:”,
716:tún
449:Sir
180:" (
112:: *
96:弩失畢
3859::
3829:)
3821:,
3511:Az
1523:^
1464:21
1462:.
1458:.
1441:II
1439:.
1433:*
1378:^
1315:.
1311:.
1287:^
755:dj
720:吐屯
714:tŭ
552:.
500:–
492:,
488:,
484:,
461:MC
457:Sì
455:肆
251:,
228:.
220::
149:.
132:,
128::
124:;
108:;
98:;
90:,
2591:e
2584:t
2577:v
2338:)
2334:(
1786:e
1779:t
1772:v
1756:.
1566:.
1319:.
1317:8
1251:e
1244:t
1237:v
787:]
759:y
427:(
360:(
216:(
195:*
86:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
