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were killed and
Muslims buried them at this location. Since then, the cemetery has been known as Sultanim Maziri (My Sultan Shrine) and became one of the most important cemeteries among Uyghur Muslims who have paid their respects here for over 1,000 years. In the center, the four commanders' graves were still there until China completely bulldozed the entire cemetery in 2019. Many religious leaders, scholars and other important people in Hotan's far and recent history have been buried in this cemetery.
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1984年和田县析置和田市。{...}2003年，和田市总面积155.04平方千米，{...}2006年7月11日，洛浦县吉亚乡、玉龙喀什镇与和田县吐沙拉乡正式划归和田市管辖。两乡一镇划归和田市管辖后，和田市管辖区域变为五乡、两镇、一个管理区、一个工业园区和四个街道办事处。和田市的行政区域面积由155.04平方千米扩大至465.84平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，和田市常住总人口322300人，其中：奴尔巴格街道24134人，古江巴格街道34567人，古勒巴格街道27919人，纳尔巴格街道37338人，拉斯奎镇25231人，玉龙喀什镇22614人，肖尔巴格乡39331人，伊里其乡22646人，古江巴格乡13680人，吐沙拉乡48468人，吉亚乡22071人，阿合恰管理区4301人。
1793:, in June 2012, notice was said to be given that police planned to undertake a search of every residence in Gujanbagh (Gujiangbage), Hotan. Hotan is the last municipality in Xinjiang with a majority Ugyhur presence in the core of the city. The UAA viewed this as an attempt to systematically intimidate the Uyghur population in Hotan.
1587:. It has cities and towns in plenty, of which the most splendid, and the capital of the province, bears the same name as that of the province…It is amply stocked with the means of life. Cotton grows here in plenty. It has vineyards, estates and orchards in plenty. The people live by trade and industry; they are not at all warlike".
1873:, during winter it is one of the warmest locations in the region, with average high temperatures remaining above freezing throughout the year. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.9 °C (25.0 °F) in January to 25.8 °C (78.4 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 13.03 °C (55.5 °F). The
1831:, the cemetery entombed four commanders of Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan, who conquered the city around 960 CE and spread Islam. Due to space limitations after over a thousand years of burials, multiple bodies had to reuse the same grave, and additionals layers were dug underneath old ones. Between 2018 and 2019, the
1327:
were found in the region. At Sampul, east of the city of Hotan, there is an extensive series of cemeteries scattered over an area about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide and 23 km (14 mi) long. The excavated sites range from about 300 BCE to 100 CE. The excavated graves have produced a number
1496:
After the Tang dynasty, Khotan formed an alliance with the rulers of
Dunhuang. Khotan enjoyed close relations with the Buddhist centre at Dunhuang: the Khotanese royal family intermarried with Dunhuang élites, visited and patronized Dunhuang's Buddhist temple complex, and donated money to have their
4617:
The
Sultanim Cemetery has a history of over 1,000 years. King Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan of the Kara-Khanid Khanate (999–1211) conquered Hotan (the Buddhist Kingdom Udun at that time), and spread Islam around 960 AD. During the conquest, four Kara-khan commanders, including Prince Sultan Kilich Khan,
1877:
is not large for a desert, averaging 11.8 °C (21.2 °F) annually. Although no month averages less than half of possible sunshine, the city only receives 2,587 hours of bright sunshine annually, which is on the low end for
Xinjiang; monthly percent possible sunshine ranges from 50% in March
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1539:
The rulers of Khotan were aware of the menace they faced since they arranged for the Mogao grottoes to paint a growing number of divine figures along with themselves. Halfway in the 10th century Khotan came under attack by the
Qarakhanid ruler Musa, and in what proved to be a pivotal moment in the
1472:
The ancient
Kingdom of Khotan was one of the earliest Buddhist states in the world and a cultural bridge across which Buddhist culture and learning were transmitted from India to China. Its capital was located to the west of the modern city of Hotan. The inhabitants of the Kingdom of Khotan, like
3436:
Ancient
Chinese-Khotanese relations were so close that the oasis emerged as one of the earliest centres of silk manufacture outside China. There are good reasons to believe that the silk-producing industry flourished in Hotan as early as the 5th century. According to one story, a Chinese princess
1352:
man which was made of threads of 24 shades of color. The tapestry had been cut up and fashioned into trousers worn by one of the deceased. An
Anthropological study of 56 individuals showed a primarily Caucasoid population. A study in 2010 showed that an Eastern Eurasian lineage common in Siberia
4555:
Authorities in the city of Hotan in the ethnically troubled
Xinjiang region have handed a 10-year jail term to a Uyghur man convicted of selling "illegal religious materials" ahead of a sensitive anniversary. The sentence was passed on Sunday by the Hotan Municipal People's Court on Hebibullah
4857:统计用区划代码 名称 653201001000 努尔巴格街道办事处 653201002000 古江巴格街道办事处 653201003000 古勒巴格街道办事处 653201004000 纳尔巴格街道办事处 653201100000 拉斯奎镇 653201101000 玉龙喀什镇 653201102000 吐沙拉镇 653201200000 肖尔巴格乡 653201201000 伊里其乡 653201202000 古江巴格乡 653201204000 吉亚乡 653201205000 阿克恰勒乡 653201401000 北京工业园区 653201402000 和田市京和物流园区
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is the fabric used for traditional Uyghur clothing worn by Uyghur women. It is soft, light and graceful tie-dyed silk fabric. It comes various colors, the brighter and rich colors are for small children to young ladies. The gray and dark colors are for elderly women.
1781:
occurred on the city's central thoroughfare. In June 2011, authorities in Hotan
Prefecture sentenced Uyghur Muslim Hebibullah Ibrahim to ten years imprisonment for selling "illegal religious materials". In June 2012,
1497:
portraits painted on the walls of the Mogao grottos. Through the 10th century, Khotanese royal portraits were painted in association with an increasing number of deities in the caves. Besides this, a particular site,
1489:. Khotan's indigenous dynasty (all of whose royal names are Indian in origin) governed a fervently Buddhist city-state boasting some 400 temples in the late 9th/early 10th century—four times the number recorded by
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Regular bus services link Hotan with Kashgar. There is also an express bus to Aksu via the 430 km (270 mi) 'Hotan-Aksu Cross-Desert Highway' which was opened in 2007, travels alongside the intermittent
1715:
was an independent administered region in the southern part of Xinjiang from 1934 to 1937. The territory included the oases of the southern Tarim Basin; the centre of the region was Khotan. Beginning with the
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3335:) northwest of the city proper. Passenger train service on this line is limited, with only one train per day, local service 5828/5825, linking the city with Kashgar (8~ hours) and Ürümqi (~34 hours).
1528:
besieged and took the city. This conquest of Buddhist Khotan by the Muslim Turks—about which there are many colourful legends—marked another watershed in the Islamicisation and Turkicisation of the
4422:
The creation of the Islamic State of Yettishar (1865 – 1878), with its capital at Kashgar, which is in present-day Xinjiang, came about as the result of a series of uprisings in Xinjiang.
1368:
There is a relative abundance of information on Hotan readily available for study. The main historical sources are to be found in the Chinese histories (particularly detailed during the
5561:
3309:, which runs along the southern Tarim Basin from Ruoqiang to Kashgar, and the Trans-Taklamakan Desert Highway, which run north to Luntai. An expressway is being built between Hotan and
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In the 2000 census, the population was recorded as 186,123. In the 2010 census figure, the figure had risen to 322,300. The increase in population is partly due to boundary changes.
3289:. Originally a military use airport, it was expanded significantly in 2002 to accommodate higher passenger volumes. It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the city proper.
1869:), with a mean annual total of only 36.5 millimetres (1.44 in) of precipitation falling on 17.3 days of the year. Due to its southerly location in Xinjiang just north of the
3594:
6565:
3859:"The Philippines. Public Policy and National Economic Development. By Frank Golay. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1961. Xviii, 455. Map, Tables, Index, Bibliographic Essay"
1201:, which means "land of cows". It is therefore most likely that the original name of Hotan was Sanskritic in origin, a consequence of ancient Indian settlement in the region.
6590:
6560:
6550:
6545:
5441:
A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms: Being an account by the Chinese Monk Fa-Hien of his travels in India and Ceylon (A.D. 399-414) in search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline
1317:
and distant China. It provided a convenient meeting place where not only goods, but technologies, philosophies, and religions were transmitted from one culture to another.
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3490:; a fragment from an ancient settlement near Hotan, which was buried by sand drifts about the fourth century CE. The weave is almost identical with that of modern kilims.
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4401:
6555:
6535:
4044:
Chunxiang Li; Hongjie Li; Yinqiu Cui; Chengzhi Xie; Dawei Cai; Wenying Li; Victor H Mair; Zhi Xu; Quanchao Zhang; Idelis Abuduresule; Li Jin; Hong Zhu; Hui Zhou (2010).
3406:. The light-colored jade is called "Mutton fat" jade. Most of the jade is now gone, with only a few kilos of good quality jade found yearly. Some is still mined in the
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1765:, ethnic tensions rose in Xinjiang and in Hotan in particular. As a result, the city has seen occasional bouts of violence. In June 2011, Hotan opened its first
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The Sultanim Cemetery in the center of Hotan City is one of the most famous ancient cemeteries in Xinjiang. It was destroyed between January to March 2019.
3433:, who visited the oasis in 644 CE. In his Biography it is stated: "It produced carpets and fine felt, and the felt-makers also spun coarse and fine silk."
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Silk production is still a major industry employing more than a thousand workers and producing some 150 million metres of silk annually. Silk weaving by
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in her hair as part of her dowry", probably in the first half of the 1st century CE. It was from Khotan that the eggs of silkworms were smuggled to
3325:, which opened to freight traffic in December 2010, and passenger service in June 2011. The railway station was constructed by a company under the
3043:
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in the late 1750s. By 1760, Hotan became the territory of the Qing dynasty along with the rest of Xinjiang. The town suffered severely during the
6995:
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5320:
to India and then westwards into central Asia and Persia". Quoted from Chambers's Encyclopaedia, Oxford University Press, 1950, article "Silk".
5558:
5426:
China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC − AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty
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and other languages discovered, for the most part, early this century at various sites in the Tarim Basin and from the hidden library at the
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has also been used on some maps and by some airports. The city's former Chinese name was written with a different character for "tian" (
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1426:
224:
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A History of the Relationships between the Western and Eastern Han, Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Western Regions
4485:
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4725:
1226:
The official Uyghur-to-Latin transliteration, and therefore English spelling, of the modern city's name is "Hotan" according to the
2863:
1183:
attempted to remedy this lexical change. Xuanzang, who was well-versed in Sanskrit, proposed that the traditional name was in fact
4569:"Notice informs locals of mandatory residence searches in Hotan community; police reserve the right to "use force" to enter homes"
7177:
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1827:) in central Hotan was a historical Uyghur graveyard that also included a religious shrine. According to a 2019 interview by the
5464:(appendix by Helmer Smith (pp. 101–102)), The Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 10 (1938), pp. 83–113.
5419:
8408:
5245:. Śramaṇa Huili and Shi Yancong. Translated by Li Rongxi. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. (1995), p. 163.
4631:
4366:"Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan, 2 vols., p. 180. Clarendon Press. Oxford"
188:
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Satellite imagery with a comparative analysis of Sultanim Cemetery in Hotan city, in China's northwest Xinjiang province.
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3348:, and which takes about 5 or 6 hours. This same bus then goes on to Urumchi taking a total of about 21 hours from Hotan.
2592:
1524:
Satuq's son, Musa, began to put pressure on Khotan in the mid-10th century, and sometime before 1006 Yusuf Qadir Khan of
3899:
India and China: Interactions through Buddhism and Diplomacy: A Collection of Essays by Professor Prabodh Chandra Bagchi
3543:
1493:
around 630. The kingdom was independent but was intermittently under Chinese control during the Han and Tang dynasties.
8358:
7359:
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5531:. Sino-Platonic Papers No. 131 March 2004. Dept. of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania.
5329:
Bennett, Ian. Rugs & Carpets of the World. (1978). Ferndale Edition (1981). Quarto Publishing, London, pp.182-189.
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Shortly after the Communists won the civil war in 1949, Hotan was incorporated into the People's Republic of China.
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Site devoted to the Buddhism of Khotan with a copy of Sir Aurel Stein's map of the Tarim Basin and Khotan region
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5550:(The Silk Road Seattle website contains many useful resources including a number of full-text historical works)
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Hotan is largely dominated by the Uyghurs, and as of 2015, 311,050 of the 348,289 residents of the county were
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The oasis of Hotan is strategically located at the junction of the southern (and most ancient) branch of the
1239:
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In 1998 the urban population was recorded at 154,352, 83% of which were Uyghurs, and 17% were Han Chinese.
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4841:[2018 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Hotan City] (in Simplified Chinese).
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1790:
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1672:
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801:
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4046:"Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age"
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3769:"China: Xīnjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"
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https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/population-county-level-region/population-xinjiang-hotan-hetian-city
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36:
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given in marriage to a Khotan prince brought to the oasis the secret of silk-manufacture, "hiding
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to the south in the summer, but it is generally of poorer quality than that found in the rivers.
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Sven Hedin's Archaeological Collections from Khotan: Terra-cottas from Yotkan and Dandan-Uiliq
4943:
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3742:[Hotan City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 2 December 2014
1575:
visited Khotan in the 13th century, he noted that the people were all Muslim. He wrote that:
1121:, is a minor agricultural center. An important station on the southern branch of the historic
8213:
8188:
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6227:
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Stanley W. Toops (15 March 2004). "The Demography of Xinjiang". In S. Frederick Starr (ed.).
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Mark J. Dresden, The Jatakastava or 'Praise of the Buddha's Former Births' Philadelphia, 1955
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made himself master of Kashgaria, ruling the newly founded Turkic state known at the time as
1652:
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Tacheng and Altay are prefectures within and under the administration of the Ili Prefecture.
1695:, warlords and local ethnic self-determination movements wrestled over control of Xinjiang.
8148:
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5501:, 5 vols. London & Oxford. Clarendon Press. Reprint: Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass. 1980.
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In 1999, 83.01% of the population was Uyghur and 16.57% of the population was Han Chinese.
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1704:
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1205:
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276:
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A Biography of the Tripiṭaka Master of the great Ci'en Monastery of the Great Tang Dynasty
4910:
4632:"More than 100 Uyghur graveyards demolished by Chinese authorities, satellite images show"
4517:"CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2012 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT"
1193:) and asserted it meant "breast of the earth". However, this was likely borrowed from the
8:
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From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE".
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397:
5286:
Hill (2015), Vol. II, pp. 1-2. "Appendix A: Introduction of Silk Cultivation to Khotan."
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Updated version of this article is available for free download (with registration) at:
5409:
5225:. (1912) Reprint: Dover Publications, New York, N.Y. (1974), pp. 24, 26, 291-293, 324.
5164:
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The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West
4003:
The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West
2610:
Map of Hotan (labeled as HO-TIEN (HO-T'IEN) (KHOTAN)) and surrounding region from the
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Ancient Khotan: Detailed Report of Archaeological Explorations in Eastern Turkestan.
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Ancient Khotan: Detailed Report of Archaeological Explorations in Eastern Turkestan.
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Climate data for Hotan, elevation 1,375 m (4,511 ft), (1991–2020 normals)
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to become an administrative area in its own right in August 1984. It is the seat of
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Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan
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Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan
5457:, The Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 7 (1936), pp. 145–221.
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The site of Sultanim cemetery in Hotan, Xinjiang, in December, 2018 and March 2019.
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1137:. The White Jade River still provides water and irrigation for the town and oasis.
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4596:"Demolishing Faith: The Destruction and Desecration of Uyghur Mosques and Shrines"
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5133:"Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia"
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in 176 BCE, the trade of Khotanese jade into China was controlled by the nomadic
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is distributed throughout Eastern Europe, South Asia, Central Asia, and Siberia.
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Serindia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China
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685:
108:
5471:, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, Delhi, 1987. (2000 reprint).
5443:. Oxford, Clarendon Press. Reprint: New York, Paragon Book Reprint Corp. 1965.
3737:
1739:
In 1983/4, the urban area of Hotan was administratively split from the larger
1579:
Khotan was "a province eight days’ journey in extent, which is subject to the
1133:, to provide the water needed to survive on the southwestern edge of the vast
8445:
8328:
8281:
8173:
8005:
7990:
7922:
7681:
7447:
7419:
7404:
7364:
7263:
7118:
7103:
7058:
6362:
6337:
6308:
6273:
6268:
6198:
6075:
6008:
5998:
5893:
5873:
5785:
5762:
5017:
3692:
3123:
2285:
1814:
1801:
1747:
1556:, Khotan lost its independence and between 1006 and 1165, became part of the
1482:
1474:
1389:
1324:
1209:
239:
226:
5601:
4043:
3493:
Hotanese pile carpets are still highly prized and form an important export.
8251:
8218:
8198:
8103:
8010:
7965:
7942:
7859:
7754:
7671:
7661:
7553:
7288:
7283:
7273:
7233:
7173:
7138:
7063:
6352:
6347:
6263:
6258:
6183:
6154:
6139:
6134:
6060:
6003:
5993:
5949:
5903:
5898:
5524:. London. Royal Asiatic Society. Reprint: Delhi. Mushiram Manoharlal. 1973.
4455:
4094:
Hill (2015), Vol. I, "The Kingdom of Yutian 于窴 (Khotan)", pp. 17-19 and nn.
4081:
4062:
3648:
2627:
1755:
1740:
1721:
1683:
1644:
1612:
1552:
Yūsuf Qadr Khān was a brother or cousin of the Muslim ruler of Kashgar and
1440:
1373:
1362:
1314:
1231:
1083:
899:
773:
643:
6973:
4698:"Xinjiang Authorities Construct Parking Lot Atop Historic Uyghur Cemetery"
3378:
Chinese historical sources indicate that Hotan was the main source of the
8343:
8276:
8228:
8193:
8168:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8113:
8108:
8063:
8043:
8035:
7864:
7849:
7799:
7789:
7744:
7701:
7477:
7472:
7437:
7238:
7193:
7133:
6709:
6691:
6406:
6396:
6357:
6342:
6203:
6193:
6070:
6055:
5954:
5944:
5813:
5686:
5664:
5188:
Revised by Christopher Baumer (2004), pp. 307-308. Odyssey Publications.
4757:
3839:
Revised by Christopher Baumer (2004), pp. 306-319. Odyssey Publications.
3502:
3487:
3446:
3438:
3418:
3345:
3286:
3246:
1712:
1636:
1580:
1529:
1393:
1369:
1098:
1094:
361:
5547:
3486:
which we have any knowledge was obtained by the archaeological explorer
8223:
8048:
7980:
7975:
7902:
7884:
7844:
7829:
7809:
7774:
7759:
7721:
7711:
7696:
7686:
7653:
7540:
7467:
7243:
7143:
7073:
6302:
6188:
5977:
5160:
3882:
3643:
1751:
1725:
1720:, Hotan and the rest of the province came under the control of warlord
1616:
1572:
1544:, the Karakhanid leader Yusuf Qadir Khan conquered Khotan around 1006.
1320:
1106:
1097:
some 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) southwest of the regional capital,
7427:
3229:
1093:
With a population of 408,900 (2018 census), Hotan is situated in the
27:"Gosthana", "Khotan", and "Hetian" redirect here. For other uses, see
8143:
8093:
8025:
7960:
7907:
7897:
7869:
7804:
7749:
7739:
7676:
7666:
7512:
7389:
7349:
7278:
7128:
6778:
6734:
6043:
4989:
Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 15 March 2017.
4437:
Soviet Russia and Tibet: The Debarcle of Secret Diplomacy, 1918-1930s
3366:
3297:
1852:
1668:
1620:
1553:
1498:
1445:
1302:
1122:
1110:
388:
5151:
5132:
4382:
Revised by Christopher Baumer (2004), p. 309. Odyssey Publications.
4026:
Revised by Christopher Baumer (2004), p. 317. Odyssey Publications.
3874:
1596:
1305:
joining China and the West with one of the main routes from ancient
1145:
Hotan (or Khotan) and its surrounding area were originally known as
8203:
8183:
7784:
7608:
7522:
7457:
7228:
6480:
6456:
5649:
4481:
3430:
3403:
3379:
1490:
1397:
1282:
1180:
1150:
1071:
913:
787:
657:
269:
5502:
5479:
5392:
Hill, John E. (1988). "Notes on the Dating of Khotanese History".
4365:
8083:
8078:
8020:
7955:
7839:
7824:
7691:
7568:
7558:
7507:
7113:
6898:
6874:
6861:
6850:
6802:
6765:
6744:
6498:
6474:
6462:
6246:
6103:
5926:
5861:
5739:
5652:
5317:
3658:
3465:
3387:
3360:
Light coloured or "Mutton fat" jade for sale at Hotan Jade Market
3242:
1770:
1664:
1565:
1532:, and an end to local autonomy of this southern Tarim city state.
1525:
1381:
1118:
355:
5316:"From Khotan, silk culture is believed to have passed by way of
4726:"US: China Targets Uighur Mosques to Eradicate Minority's Faith"
7985:
7917:
7548:
7482:
7394:
7108:
6957:
6909:
6826:
6813:
6789:
6492:
6390:
6252:
5867:
5855:
5772:
4843:
National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China
3688:
3391:
3321:
Hotan is connected to the rest of China's rail network via the
3234:
1632:
1341:
1255:
393:
7814:
7706:
7633:
7583:
7432:
7078:
6754:
6701:
6331:
5577:
4475:
3483:
3386:. For several hundred years, until they were defeated by the
1600:
1584:
1517:
1310:
1306:
1067:
5514:
Reprint Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 2000
1835:
and the western part of the land turned into a parking lot.
1179:. In the 7th century, the Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar
8238:
8000:
7048:
6922:
6837:
5932:
5800:
3442:
3422:
3399:
3256:
quoted the population of Khotan to be estimated as 26,000.
1603:
Ch´ê Ta-jên's guests festing on a terrace in Nar-Bagh, 1912
1337:
1333:
1329:
1847:
Collecting jade in the White Jade River near Hotan in 2011
1384:, a few Buddhist histories of Hotan that have survived in
5542:
4636:
1628:
1323:
lived in this region over 2000 years ago. Several of the
4695:
1153:
cosmological texts. The Chinese transcribed the name as
495:
4537:
3779:
1659:
against the Qing rule and again a few years later when
1376:
dynasties) when China was interested in control of the
8434:
M. A. Stein – Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
5462:
Sven Hedin's Archaeological Collections from Khotan II
4556:
Ibrahim, the People's Daily online news site reported.
4312:
The Silk Road: two thousand years in the heart of Asia
1691:
Qing imperial authority collapsed in 1912. During the
1615:(1878) showing Khotan (near top right corner) and the
1508:
In the 10th century, Khotan began a struggle with the
1219:
Hotan was known to 19th-century European explorers as
1125:, Hotan has always depended on two strong rivers, the
5571:
China: Taklamakan - Desert With No Ocean Underground
3175:
3135:
3095:
3055:
3015:
2955:
2915:
2875:
2828:
2788:
2748:
2708:
1082:. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger
960:
946:
932:
918:
904:
834:
820:
806:
792:
778:
704:
690:
676:
662:
648:
4944:"Full Text: Employment and Labor Rights in Xinjiang"
4225:"TITUS Texts: Corpus of Khotanese Saka Texts: Frame"
3189:
3149:
3109:
3069:
3029:
2969:
2929:
2889:
2842:
2802:
2762:
2722:
1743:, and from then on governed as a county-level city.
593:
579:
565:
551:
5223:
Jade: A Study in Chinese Archaeology & Religion
3394:. The Chinese still refer to the Yurungkash as the
3364:As of 1885, there was about 100,000 acres (662,334
1675:by 1877 and was converted into a province in 1884.
1542:
Turkification and Islamification of the Tarim Basin
6643:China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018
6429:
5297:Ancient Technologies and Archaeological Materials
4433:
4338:
3951:The Culture of the Sakas in Ancient Iranian Khotan
3472:, some of it produced using traditional methods.
1463:Khotan (和阗) delegates in Beijing, China, in 1761.
5180:
5178:
4593:
4266:
4005:, pp. 132, 155-156. Thames & Hudson. London.
3616:Map of the region including Khotan (Ilchi) (1893)
3285:) serves the city. It serves regional flights to
1777:following the riots. In July of the same year, a
1113:and Ilchi passes. The town, located southeast of
8443:
5041:
6645:Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population
5559:Satellite image of region which can be enlarged
5295:Sarah Underhill Wisseman, Wendell S. Williams.
5130:
4723:
4204:Page55 Eurasian crossroads By James A. Millward
3807:China Population: Xinjiang: Hotan: Hetian City
3732:
3730:
3728:
3726:
1707:declared themselves Emirs of Khotan during the
1639:is shown in the two-toned purple and pink band.
1388:and a large number of documents in the Iranian
1212:. He believes the oldest indigenous name to be
5175:
5066:
5011:
4829:
4402:"China's Uighur Strategy and South Asian Risk"
4315:. University of California Press. p. 18.
1536:Some Khotanese Buddhist works were unearthed.
1188:
8427:
6989:
6623:
5630:
5606:
5348:"Khotan rug - Britannica Online Encyclopedia"
4984:
4917:
4894:
4878:
4855:
4750:
4500:
4399:
4121:
3979:
3752:
3330:
3215:
3209:
3168:
3128:
3088:
3048:
3008:
2986:
2948:
2908:
2868:
2821:
2781:
2741:
2700:
2693:
1731:
1501:functioned as a major Buddhist center in the
1450:
1431:
1175:); the pronunciation eventually morphed into
1154:
874:
860:
746:
730:
616:
71:
5588:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). p. 781.
5548:Silk Road Seattle - University of Washington
5030:Khotan, 1600 sq. km., city population 26,000
4979:
4961:Yusan Hasan from Yurungqash Town, Hotan City
4260:
3723:
3182:
3142:
3102:
3062:
3022:
2980:
2962:
2922:
2882:
2835:
2795:
2755:
2715:
1786:was hijacked en route from Hotan to Ürümqi.
1038:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1001:
995:
989:
986:
56:
7003:
5267:The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith
4629:
4273:. Columbia University Press. pp. 55–.
2601:
1285:'s Empire (2nd century AD) including Khotan
6996:
6982:
6630:
6616:
5637:
5623:
4923:(in Simplified Chinese). 25 September 2017
4660:
4538:Qiao Long; Luisetta Mudie (19 June 2012).
4270:Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang
3327:Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
1512:, a Turkic state. The Kara-Khanid ruler,
1380:, the accounts of several Chinese pilgrim
8307:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
5842:
5446:Mallory, J. P. and Mair, Victor H. 2000.
5150:
4884:(in Simplified Chinese). 12 December 2018
4696:Kurban Niyaz; Joshua Lipes (1 May 2020).
4486:Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House
4149:"Khotan - Britannica Online Encyclopedia"
4071:
4061:
4001:Mallory, J. P. and Mair, Victor H. 2000.
3573:Entrance to the Khotan Jade Market Center
3249:and 1,342 were from other ethnic groups.
5516:Sand-Buried Ruins of Khotan : vol.1
4540:"Uyghur Jailed Over Religious Materials"
3916:
3628:Map including Hotan (Ho-t'ien, Khotan) (
3455:
3417:
3355:
3296:
3228:
2605:
1842:
1838:
1682:
1606:
1595:
1458:
1425:
1408:In the Hellenistic period, there was an
1288:
1277:
1204:An alternative etymology is proposed by
1027:
990:
57:
8154:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
7044:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
5073:Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers
4805:
4334:
4332:
3895:
3856:
3329:, and is located in the town of Lasqi (
306:465.84 km (179.86 sq mi)
14:
8444:
8409:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
5575:
4941:
4663:"In China, every day is Kristallnacht"
4521:International Religious Freedom Report
4468:
4393:
4293:
4124:"Hellenes and Romans in Ancient China"
3948:
3687:Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe
3413:
962:
836:
706:
6977:
6611:
5618:
5605:
5543:Official government site (in Chinese)
4462:
4363:
3429:Khotanese textiles were mentioned by
3214:), Hotan City Jinghe Logistics Park (
1344:and even a fine bit of tapestry, the
1228:Register of Chinese Geographic Places
8457:Populated places along the Silk Road
5450:. Thames & Hudson. London. 2000.
5391:
5269:. Serindia Publications Inc., 2004.
4993:from the original on 11 October 2017
4343:. Taylor & Francis. p. 57.
4329:
4308:
4122:Christopoulos, Lucas (August 2021).
3922:
1403:
1117:and populated almost exclusively by
44:County-level city in Xinjiang, China
8472:Former countries in Chinese history
8364:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
5478:, 2 vols. Clarendon Press. Oxford.
5044:Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland
4980:
4819:China Meteorological Administration
4792:China Meteorological Administration
4764:China Meteorological Administration
4724:Asim Kashgarian (1 December 2019).
4341:Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland
4222:
3929:, Motilal Banarsidass, p. 52,
3896:Wang, Bangwei; Sen, Tansen (2011).
3857:Higgins, Benjamin (November 1962).
3183:
3143:
3103:
3063:
3023:
2981:
2963:
2923:
2883:
2836:
2796:
2756:
2716:
2593:China Meteorological Administration
1746:On July 11, 2006, the townships of
24:
8492:County-level divisions of Xinjiang
8359:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
7360:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
5512:, London, Hurst and Blackett, Ltd.
5487:, 2 vols. Clarendon Press. Oxford.
4594:Bahram K. Sintash (October 2019).
4469:夏征农; 陈至立, eds. (September 2009).
4115:
3669:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
3496:
3460:Khotanese silks on display in shop
1564:, after which it was ruled by the
1415:
25:
8503:
7770:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
5536:
5522:On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India
5378:Lonely Planet China: 11th Edition
5131:Herold J. Wiens (November 1966).
4942:huaxia, ed. (17 September 2020).
4400:Samah Ibrahim (29 January 2019).
3268:
1547:
6738:
6728:
6695:
6685:
6531:Ethnic minority autonomous areas
5597:Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica
5186:The Silk Road: Xi'an to Kashgar.
5105:"HÉTIÁN SHÌ (County-level City)"
5014:"Inner Asian frontiers of China"
4542:. Translated by Luisetta Mudie.
4380:The Silk Road: Xi'an to Kashgar.
4024:The Silk Road: Xi'an to Kashgar.
3837:The Silk Road: Xi'an to Kashgar.
3621:
3609:
3593:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3373:
3370:) of cultivated land in Khotan.
1758:were transferred to Hotan City.
1750:and Yurungqash (Yulongkashi) in
1724:. Sheng was later ousted by the
471:
470:
194:
187:
161:
154:
128:
121:
102:
8369:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
7639:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
5340:
5323:
5310:
5289:
5280:
5256:
5236:
5215:
5199:
5124:
5115:
5097:
5060:
5046:. Routledge. pp. 256–257.
5035:
5005:
4966:
4935:
4903:
4864:
4814:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）
4777:
4717:
4689:
4654:
4623:
4587:
4561:
4531:
4509:
4427:
4406:Future Directions International
4372:
4357:
4302:
4287:
4242:
4216:
4207:
4198:
4162:
4141:
4097:
4088:
4037:
4016:
3995:
3967:
3953:. Caravan Books. pp. 2–3.
3942:
3698:
3224:
2639:
1673:reconquered by the Qing dynasty
1623:, and Ilchi passes through the
850:Second alternative Chinese name
8404:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
8349:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
5081:University of Washington Press
4985:
4918:
4895:
4879:
4856:
4661:Fred Hiatt (3 November 2019).
4630:Matt Rivers (3 January 2020).
4523:. pp. 10, 11 – via
4501:
3980:
3973:(中国地名录, published in Beijing,
3850:
3829:
3813:
3801:
3789:(in Chinese). 12 November 2019
3761:
3753:
3681:
3549:Uyghur people at Sunday market
3216:
3210:
3169:
3129:
3089:
3049:
3009:
2987:
2949:
2909:
2869:
2822:
2782:
2742:
2701:
2694:
2612:International Map of the World
1687:Chinese troops at Khotan, 1915
1651:during the final stage of the
1591:
1583:. The inhabitants all worship
1451:
1432:
1260:
1251:
1243:
1155:
1063:
961:
947:
933:
919:
905:
875:
861:
835:
821:
807:
793:
779:
747:
731:
705:
691:
677:
663:
649:
617:
594:
580:
566:
552:
72:
13:
1:
7355:Silk Road transmission of art
5022:American Geographical Society
4981:شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى
3902:. Anthem Press. p. 186.
3711:
3301:Locals at a busy Hotan market
1875:diurnal temperature variation
1773:, which was established as a
374: • Spoken languages
195:
162:
129:
8462:Populated places in Xinjiang
8354:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
5576:Bealby, John Thomas (1911).
5138:The Journal of Asian Studies
5121:Harper et al (2009), p. 840.
3863:The Journal of Asian Studies
3716:
3600:Local jade displayed in the
2670:Administrative division code
1784:Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554
1678:
1140:
1101:. It lies just north of the
314:1,382 m (4,534 ft)
211:Show map of Continental Asia
7:
6145:Yengisar / Yingjisha County
5520:Watters, Thomas 1904–1905.
5510:Sand-Buried Ruins of Khotan
5493:Ancient Khotan : vol.2
5490:Ancient Khotan : vol.1
4604:Uyghur Human Rights Project
4573:Uyghur American Association
4434:Alexandre Andreyev (2003).
4339:S. Frederick Starr (2015).
3787:"(新疆）2018年和田市国民经济和社会发展统计公报"
3637:
3190:
3176:
3150:
3136:
3110:
3096:
3070:
3056:
3030:
3016:
2979:formerly Tusalla Township (
2970:
2956:
2930:
2916:
2890:
2876:
2843:
2829:
2803:
2789:
2764:gujanbagh kocha bashqarmisi
2763:
2749:
2723:
2709:
2358:Average precipitation days
2144:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
2004:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1829:Uyghur Human Rights Project
1791:Uyghur American Association
1105:, which are crossed by the
1039:
1002:
335:1,100/km (2,800/sq mi)
10:
8508:
6727:
6684:
6638:Largest cities in Xinjiang
5424:Hulsewé, A. F. P. (1979).
5406:10.1163/000000088790083016
5365:
5024:. p. 157 – via
4502:和田地区行署驻此。{...}1983年由和田县析置。
4267:James A. Millward (2007).
3949:Bailey, Harold W. (1982).
3695:), 2 hours behind Beijing.
3523:
3351:
3307:China National Highway 315
2590:
1884:
1732:People's Republic of China
1419:
1271:
1267:
26:
8269:
8237:
8034:
7941:
7883:
7855:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
7720:
7652:
7539:
7521:
7418:
7380:
7373:
7337:
7011:
6651:
6518:
6419:
6381:
6322:
6287:
6237:
6226:
6168:
6135:Yengixahar / Shule County
6125:Kargilik / Yecheng County
6094:
6034:
6025:
5968:
5917:
5851:
5831:
5799:
5771:
5738:
5685:
5676:
5662:
5612:
5607:Links to related articles
4978:(in Simplified Chinese).
4790:(in Simplified Chinese).
4762:(in Simplified Chinese).
3331:
3208:Beijing Industrial Park (
2995:
2855:
2844:narbagh kocha bashqarmisi
2804:gülbagh kocha bashqarmisi
2724:nurbagh kocha bashqarmisi
2678:
2543:
2496:
2448:
2404:
2357:
2283:
2213:
2143:
2073:
2003:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1754:and Tusalla (Tushala) in
1718:Islamic rebellion in 1937
1657:Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
1487:Eastern Iranian languages
1189:
1049:
1033:
1024:
1017:
1012:
996:
987:
980:
975:
954:
940:
926:
912:
898:
891:
886:
882:
868:
854:
849:
828:
814:
800:
794:ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ
786:
772:
765:
760:
756:
740:
724:
719:
698:
684:
670:
664:ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ
656:
642:
635:
630:
626:
610:
605:
587:
573:
559:
545:
540:
536:
529:
523:
518:
514:
509:
490:
479:
463:
450:
437:
426:
416:
404:
387:
373:
344:
339:
331:
323:
318:
310:
302:
297:
287:
275:
263:
255:
220:
115:
101:
92:
49:
37:Gosthana (disambiguation)
8467:Ancient peoples of China
8302:Mogao Christian painting
7875:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings
7589:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
7579:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
6155:Konaxahar / Shufu County
6130:Yopurga / Yuepuhu County
6110:Maralbexi / Bachu County
5469:Buddhism in Central Asia
5420:independent.academia.edu
4974:
4911:
4872:
4837:
4813:
4786:
4759:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data
4758:
4743:37°7′2.13″N 79°56′2.96″E
4480:] (in Chinese). 上海.
4478:(Sixth Edition in Color)
4470:
4364:Stein, Aurel M. (1907).
3926:Buddhism in Central Asia
3923:Puri, Baij Nath (1987),
3738:
3674:
3398:, alluding to the white
3338:
2757:گۇجانباغ كوچا باشقارمىسى
2602:Administrative divisions
1671:. However, Xinjiang was
1635:. The border claimed by
1560:. Later it fell to the
1514:Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan
1430:Ambassador from Khotan (
1357:of the mummies from the
920:ㄩˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ
870:Traditional Chinese
742:Traditional Chinese
720:Alternative Chinese name
496:Hotan Government Website
208:Hotan (Continental Asia)
87:Khotan, Hetian, Gosthana
29:He Tian (disambiguation)
8399:Saksanokhur gold buckle
8287:Hephthalite silver bowl
8164:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
7204:Second Turkic Khaganate
7005:History of Central Asia
6150:Yarkant / Shache County
6140:Makit / Maigaiti County
5678:Prefecture-level cities
5585:Encyclopædia Britannica
5428:. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
5012:Owen Lattimore (1940).
4838:2018年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：和田市
4296:Marco Polo: the travels
4294:Latham, Ronald (1958).
3561:Carpet weaving in Hotan
3316:
3292:
2622:The city includes four
1833:cemetery was demolished
1796:The Sultanim Cemetery (
1767:passenger-train service
1693:Republican era in China
1647:of China conquered the
856:Simplified Chinese
726:Simplified Chinese
33:Khotan (disambiguation)
8379:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
8139:Alexandria Prophthasia
7164:First Turkic Khaganate
7099:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
6209:Keriya / Yutian County
6160:Taxkorgan Tajik County
5960:Hoboksar Mongol County
5646:County-level divisions
5497:Stein, Aurel M. 1921.
5474:Stein, Aurel M. 1907.
5212:Oxford. Pages 132-133.
4785:"Experience Template"
4309:Wood, Frances (2002).
4229:titus.uni-frankfurt.de
4063:10.1186/1741-7007-8-15
3826:Oxford. Pages 123-126.
3461:
3426:
3361:
3302:
3279:Hetian Kungang Airport
3273:
3238:
2837:نارباغ كوچا باشقارمىسى
2797:گۈلباغ كوچا باشقارمىسى
2717:نۇرباغ كوچا باشقارمىسى
2619:
1848:
1763:July 2009 Ürümqi riots
1688:
1640:
1604:
1589:
1534:
1469:
1456:
1348:, showing the face of
1298:
1286:
8189:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
7564:Karsakpay inscription
7019:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
6214:Karakax / Moyu County
6199:Gumar / Pishan County
6194:Niya / Minfeng County
5835:autonomous prefecture
5594:Encyclopaedia Iranica
4975:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数
4256:on November 22, 2014.
4177:www.ihp.sinica.edu.tw
3773:www.citypopulation.de
3654:Hotan Cultural Museum
3602:Hotan Cultural Museum
3587:Hotan Cultural Museum
3459:
3421:
3359:
3323:Kashgar–Hotan Railway
3300:
3232:
2737:Gujanbagh Subdistrict
2634:and two other areas:
2609:
1846:
1839:Geography and climate
1815:37.11722°N 79.93444°E
1789:In a report from the
1779:bomb and knife attack
1775:special economic zone
1686:
1610:
1599:
1577:
1522:
1462:
1429:
1292:
1281:
1272:Further information:
1197:name for the region,
1070:town in southwestern
7996:Kutlug Timur Minaret
7531:Noin-Ula burial site
7329:Chinese Central Asia
6115:Poskam / Zepu County
5819:Barkol Kazakh County
5394:Indo-Iranian Journal
4896:辖6乡2镇，4个街道办事处和1个工业园区
4412:on 30 September 2021
4131:Sino-Platonic Papers
3508:Muhammad Amin Bughra
3482:The oldest piece of
1934:Record high °C (°F)
1705:Muhammad Amin Bughra
1701:Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra
1206:Harold Walter Bailey
332: • Density
145:Show map of Xinjiang
142:Location in Xinjiang
8389:Siberian Ice Maiden
8179:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
7594:Petrovka settlement
7324:Soviet Central Asia
7249:Great Seljuq Empire
6431:County-level cities
5758:Baijiantan District
5720:Dabancheng District
5527:Yu, Taishan. 2004.
5439:Legge, James 1886.
5299:. Routledge, 1994.
4682:Cemetery demolished
3513:Nur Ahmadjan Bughra
3414:Fabrics and carpets
3402:recovered from its
3313:(Moyu) as of 2014.
3305:Hotan is served by
2817:Narbagh Subdistrict
2777:Gulbagh Subdistrict
2687:Nurbagh Subdistrict
2646:Simplified Chinese
2405:Average snowy days
2214:Record low °C (°F)
2074:Daily mean °C (°F)
1878:to 75% in October.
1811: /
1562:Kara-Khitan Khanate
1558:Kara-Khanid Khanate
1516:, had converted to
1510:Kara-Khanid Khanate
1248:traditional Chinese
1208:, an expert in the
292:Nurbagh Subdistrict
236: /
8339:Buddhas of Bamiyan
8292:Chilek silver bowl
8159:Buddhas of Bamiyan
7835:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
7624:Talapty Settlement
7410:Filippovka kurgans
7299:Khanate of Bukhara
7259:Khwarazmian Empire
7184:Ikhshids of Sogdia
7029:Afanasievo culture
6324:Bayingholin Mongol
6204:Qira / Cele County
6189:Lop / Luopu County
5909:Qapqal Xibe County
5710:Shuimogou District
5564:2009-03-06 at the
5221:Laufer, Berthold.
4949:Xinhua News Agency
3462:
3427:
3362:
3303:
3239:
3084:Gujanbagh Township
2750:Gǔjiāngbāgé Jiēdào
2620:
1849:
1820:37.11722; 79.93444
1689:
1641:
1605:
1470:
1457:
1412:colony in Khotan.
1299:
1287:
1240:simplified Chinese
1210:Khotanese language
1080:Northwestern China
324: • Total
303: • Total
8423:
8422:
8417:
8416:
8394:Ai-Khanoum plaque
8265:
8264:
8069:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
7345:Central Asian art
7319:Russian Turkestan
7314:Chinese Turkestan
7214:Abbasid Caliphate
7178:Anxi Protectorate
7124:Kushano-Sasanians
7089:Macedonian Empire
7084:Achaemenid Empire
7054:Andronovo culture
7034:Sintashta culture
6971:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6605:
6604:
6514:
6513:
6415:
6414:
6222:
6221:
6120:Payzawat / Jiashi
6021:
6020:
6017:
6016:
5827:
5826:
5781:Gaochang District
5753:Dushanzi District
5715:Toutunhe District
5695:Tianshan District
5656:Autonomous Region
5386:978-1-74104-866-7
5380:. Lonely Planet.
4440:. BRILL. p.
4280:978-0-231-13924-3
3936:978-81-208-0372-5
3664:Kingdom of Khotan
3404:alluvial deposits
3202:
3201:
3097:Gǔjiāngbāgé Xiāng
3017:Xiào'ěrbāgé Xiāng
3004:Shorbagh Township
2931:yurungqash baziri
2598:
2597:
2546:possible sunshine
2451:relative humidity
1653:Dzungar–Qing Wars
1503:Kingdom of Khotan
1422:Kingdom of Khotan
1404:Indo-Greek Khotan
1386:Classical Tibetan
1355:mitochondrial DNA
1274:Kingdom of Khotan
1135:Taklamakan Desert
1076:autonomous region
1053:
1052:
971:
970:
893:Standard Mandarin
845:
844:
767:Standard Mandarin
715:
714:
637:Standard Mandarin
601:
600:
505:
504:
265:Autonomous region
240:37.117°N 79.917°E
178:Show map of China
95:County-level city
16:(Redirected from
8499:
8482:Hotan Prefecture
8437:
8436:at dsr.nii.ac.jp
8431:
8384:Seal of Khingila
8312:Penjikent murals
7933:Kalai Kafirnigan
7820:Koi Krylgan Kala
7629:Turkistan (city)
7614:Steppe Geoglyphs
7378:
7377:
7309:Khanate of Khiva
7269:Chagatai Khanate
7224:Saffarid dynasty
7209:Uyghur Khaganate
6998:
6991:
6984:
6975:
6974:
6742:
6732:
6699:
6689:
6654:
6653:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6609:
6608:
6532:
6524:
6427:
6426:
6235:
6234:
6032:
6031:
5849:
5848:
5840:
5839:
5748:Karamay District
5683:
5682:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5616:
5615:
5603:
5602:
5589:
5581:
5460:Montell, Gösta,
5453:Montell, Gösta,
5417:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:. Britannica.com
5344:
5338:
5327:
5321:
5314:
5308:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5278:
5263:Whitfield, Susan
5260:
5254:
5240:
5234:
5219:
5213:
5206:Marc Aurel Stein
5203:
5197:
5182:
5173:
5172:
5154:
5128:
5122:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5078:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5026:Internet Archive
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4956:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4921:
4920:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4882:
4881:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4821:. Archived from
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4740:
4738:
4731:Voice of America
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4677:
4675:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4644:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4607:. pp. 24–25
4600:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4525:Internet Archive
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4417:
4408:. Archived from
4397:
4391:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4336:
4327:
4326:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4252:. Archived from
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4185:
4179:. Archived from
4174:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:. Britannica.com
4145:
4139:
4138:
4128:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4111:on May 27, 2013.
4107:. Archived from
4101:
4095:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4075:
4065:
4041:
4035:
4020:
4014:
3999:
3993:
3983:
3982:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3854:
3848:
3833:
3827:
3820:Marc Aurel Stein
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3734:
3705:
3702:
3696:
3685:
3625:
3613:
3597:
3585:Entrance to the
3582:
3570:
3558:
3546:
3534:
3470:cottage industry
3425:weaving in Hotan
3408:Kunlun Mountains
3396:White Jade River
3334:
3333:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3193:
3186:
3185:
3179:
3172:
3171:
3153:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3132:
3131:
3113:
3111:gujanbagh yëzisi
3106:
3105:
3099:
3092:
3091:
3073:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3052:
3051:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3012:
3011:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2952:
2951:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2919:
2917:Yùlóngkāshí Zhèn
2912:
2911:
2893:
2886:
2885:
2879:
2872:
2871:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2830:Nà'ěrbāgé Jiēdào
2825:
2824:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2785:
2784:
2766:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2710:Nǔ'ěrbāgé Jiēdào
2704:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2640:
2361:
1882:
1881:
1871:Kunlun Mountains
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1625:Kunlun Mountains
1454:
1453:
1435:
1434:
1297:found in Khotan.
1295:Kujula Kadphises
1262:
1253:
1245:
1192:
1191:
1173:Standard Chinese
1158:
1157:
1131:White Jade River
1103:Kunlun Mountains
1088:Hotan Prefecture
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
999:
998:
993:
992:
967:
966:
965:
950:
949:
936:
935:
922:
921:
908:
907:
884:
883:
878:
877:
864:
863:
841:
840:
839:
824:
823:
810:
809:
796:
795:
782:
781:
758:
757:
752:
751:
736:
735:
711:
710:
709:
694:
693:
680:
679:
666:
665:
652:
651:
628:
627:
622:
621:
597:
596:
583:
582:
569:
568:
555:
554:
538:
537:
531:
507:
506:
501:
498:
474:
473:
466:
453:
440:
382:Mandarin Chinese
251:
250:
248:
247:
246:
241:
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
212:
198:
197:
191:
179:
165:
164:
158:
146:
132:
131:
125:
106:
84:
83:
75:
74:
69:
68:
60:
59:
47:
46:
21:
8507:
8506:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8498:
8497:
8496:
8442:
8441:
8440:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8419:
8418:
8413:
8374:Afrasiab murals
8317:Sampul tapestry
8261:
8257:Shahr-e Sukhteh
8247:Bandian complex
8233:
8209:Musalla Complex
8089:Tapa-i Kafariha
8030:
7951:Cave of Dzhebel
7937:
7879:
7716:
7648:
7644:Araltobe kurgan
7535:
7517:
7443:Kizilgaha caves
7414:
7400:Pazyryk burials
7382:Southern Russia
7369:
7333:
7219:Tahirid dynasty
7189:Tokhara Yabghus
7094:Seleucid Empire
7069:Pazyryk culture
7024:Yamnaya culture
7007:
7002:
6972:
6967:
6743:
6737:
6733:
6700:
6694:
6690:
6647:
6646:
6639:
6636:
6606:
6601:
6600:
6530:
6522:
6510:
6411:
6377:
6368:Ruoqiang County
6318:
6283:
6229:
6218:
6164:
6104:Kashgar / Kashi
6096:Kashgar / Kashi
6090:
6066:Baicheng County
6013:
5964:
5913:
5879:Huocheng County
5834:
5823:
5809:Yizhou District
5795:
5791:Shanshan County
5767:
5734:
5725:Midong District
5705:Xinshi District
5700:Saybag District
5672:
5658:
5643:
5608:
5566:Wayback Machine
5539:
5534:
5372:Harper, Damian
5368:
5363:
5362:
5353:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5328:
5324:
5315:
5311:
5294:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5261:
5257:
5241:
5237:
5220:
5216:
5204:
5200:
5184:Bonavia, Judy.
5183:
5176:
5152:10.2307/2051832
5129:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5109:City Population
5103:
5102:
5098:
5091:
5083:. p. 180.
5076:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5040:
5036:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4976:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4954:
4952:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4924:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4887:
4885:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4848:
4846:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4796:
4794:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4768:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4736:
4734:
4722:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4703:Radio Free Asia
4694:
4690:
4683:
4681:
4673:
4671:
4668:Washington Post
4659:
4655:
4642:
4640:
4628:
4624:
4610:
4608:
4598:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4548:
4546:
4544:Radio Free Asia
4536:
4532:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4496:
4488:. p. 866.
4472:
4467:
4463:
4452:
4432:
4428:
4415:
4413:
4398:
4394:
4378:Bonavia, Judy.
4377:
4373:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4307:
4303:
4292:
4288:
4281:
4265:
4261:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4223:Gippert, Jost.
4221:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4199:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4154:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4126:
4120:
4116:
4105:"《大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳》"
4103:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4042:
4038:
4022:Bonavia, Judy.
4021:
4017:
4000:
3996:
3992:; p. 312.)
3972:
3968:
3961:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3894:
3890:
3875:10.2307/2049929
3855:
3851:
3835:Bonavia, Judy.
3834:
3830:
3818:
3814:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3617:
3614:
3605:
3598:
3589:
3583:
3574:
3571:
3562:
3559:
3550:
3547:
3538:
3537:Market in Hotan
3535:
3526:
3518:Abdullah Bughra
3499:
3497:Notable persons
3416:
3376:
3354:
3341:
3319:
3295:
3276:
3271:
3227:
3164:Aqchal Township
3104:گۇجانباغ يېزىسى
3031:shorbagh yëzisi
2924:يۇرۇڭقاش بازىرى
2904:Yurungqash Town
2790:Gǔlèbāgé Jiēdào
2698:
2689:
2637:
2604:
2599:
2359:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1841:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1734:
1709:Kumul Rebellion
1697:Abdullah Bughra
1681:
1649:Dzungar Khanate
1594:
1550:
1473:those of early
1455:) circa 650 CE.
1424:
1418:
1416:Buddhist Khotan
1406:
1378:Western Regions
1359:Xiaohe Cemetery
1346:Sampul tapestry
1293:Bronze coin of
1276:
1270:
1143:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1000:
994:
988:
928:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
802:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
672:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
499:
494:
464:
458:
451:
446:$ 1.247 billion
445:
438:
412:
369:
244:
242:
238:
235:
230:
227:
225:
223:
222:
216:
215:
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
204:
203:
199:
182:
181:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
171:
170:
166:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
137:
133:
111:
97:
88:
85:
77:
70:
62:
55:
54:
52:
45:
40:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8505:
8495:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8477:Oases of China
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8439:
8438:
8425:
8421:
8420:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8334:Bimaran Casket
8331:
8326:
8323:Sogdian Daēnās
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8297:Gardez Ganesha
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8273:
8271:
8267:
8266:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8243:
8241:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8119:Takht-e Rostam
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8054:Dilberjin Tepe
8051:
8046:
8040:
8038:
8032:
8031:
8029:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7947:
7945:
7939:
7938:
7936:
7935:
7930:
7928:Takht-i Sangin
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7889:
7887:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7780:Guldursun-Kala
7777:
7772:
7767:
7765:Dalverzin Tepe
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7735:Akchakhan-Kala
7732:
7726:
7724:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7658:
7656:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7545:
7543:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7533:
7527:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7493:Dunhuang Caves
7490:
7488:Bezeklik Caves
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7453:Subashi Temple
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7424:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7386:
7384:
7375:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7304:Durrani Empire
7301:
7296:
7294:Timurid Empire
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7039:Vakhsh culture
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7015:
7013:
7009:
7008:
7001:
7000:
6993:
6986:
6978:
6969:
6968:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6944:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6920:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6896:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6872:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6848:
6844:
6843:
6840:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6824:
6820:
6819:
6816:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6787:
6784:
6781:
6776:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6763:
6760:
6757:
6752:
6748:
6747:
6726:
6723:
6718:
6715:
6712:
6707:
6704:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6671:
6668:
6665:
6660:
6657:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6640:
6635:
6634:
6627:
6620:
6612:
6603:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6484:
6478:
6472:
6466:
6460:
6454:
6448:
6442:
6435:
6433:
6424:
6417:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6402:Ulugqat County
6399:
6394:
6387:
6385:
6383:Kizilsu Kyrgyz
6379:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6328:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6314:Wenquan County
6311:
6306:
6300:
6293:
6291:
6289:Bortala Mongol
6285:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6250:
6243:
6241:
6232:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6174:
6172:
6170:Hotan / Hetian
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6100:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6047:
6040:
6038:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5989:Jeminay County
5986:
5981:
5974:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5936:
5930:
5923:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5889:Xinyuan County
5886:
5884:Gongliu County
5881:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5852:
5846:
5837:
5833:Sub-provincial
5829:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5777:
5775:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5642:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5619:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5600:
5599:
5590:
5579:"Khotan"
5573:
5568:
5556:
5551:
5545:
5538:
5537:External links
5535:
5533:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5505:
5495:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5422:
5400:(3): 179–190.
5389:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5339:
5322:
5309:
5288:
5279:
5255:
5235:
5214:
5198:
5174:
5123:
5114:
5096:
5089:
5070:, ed. (2004).
5068:Morris Rossabi
5059:
5053:978-0765613189
5052:
5034:
5004:
4965:
4934:
4902:
4863:
4828:
4825:on 2013-09-21.
4804:
4776:
4749:
4716:
4688:
4653:
4622:
4586:
4575:. 18 June 2012
4560:
4530:
4508:
4494:
4461:
4450:
4426:
4392:
4371:
4356:
4349:
4328:
4321:
4301:
4286:
4279:
4259:
4241:
4215:
4206:
4197:
4186:on 1 June 2022
4161:
4140:
4114:
4096:
4087:
4036:
4015:
3994:
3976:SinoMaps Press
3966:
3959:
3941:
3935:
3915:
3908:
3888:
3869:(1): 114–116.
3849:
3828:
3812:
3800:
3778:
3760:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3697:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3608:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3498:
3495:
3468:is a thriving
3451:Constantinople
3415:
3412:
3375:
3372:
3353:
3350:
3340:
3337:
3318:
3315:
3311:Karakax County
3294:
3291:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:Transportation
3267:
3254:Owen Lattimore
3245:, 35,897 were
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3177:Ākèqiàlè Xiāng
3173:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3044:Ilchi Township
3040:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2982:تۇساللا يېزىسى
2977:
2974:
2971:tusalla baziri
2967:
2964:تۇساللا بازىرى
2960:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2662:Uyghur Latin (
2660:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:sunshine hours
2494:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1860:desert climate
1840:
1837:
1761:Following the
1733:
1730:
1680:
1677:
1593:
1590:
1549:
1548:Islamic Khotan
1546:
1420:Main article:
1417:
1414:
1405:
1402:
1353:dominates the
1328:of fabrics of
1269:
1266:
1165:Middle Chinese
1142:
1139:
1127:Karakash River
1115:Yarkant County
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
984:
978:
977:
973:
972:
969:
968:
958:
952:
951:
944:
938:
937:
930:
924:
923:
916:
910:
909:
902:
896:
895:
889:
888:
887:Transcriptions
880:
879:
872:
866:
865:
858:
852:
851:
847:
846:
843:
842:
832:
826:
825:
818:
812:
811:
804:
798:
797:
790:
784:
783:
776:
770:
769:
763:
762:
761:Transcriptions
754:
753:
744:
738:
737:
728:
722:
721:
717:
716:
713:
712:
702:
696:
695:
688:
682:
681:
674:
668:
667:
660:
654:
653:
646:
640:
639:
633:
632:
631:Transcriptions
624:
623:
614:
608:
607:
603:
602:
599:
598:
591:
585:
584:
577:
571:
570:
563:
557:
556:
549:
543:
542:
541:Transcriptions
534:
533:
527:
521:
520:
516:
515:
512:
511:
503:
502:
492:
488:
487:
484:
477:
476:
468:
461:
460:
455:
448:
447:
444:¥8.274 billion
442:
435:
434:
431:
424:
423:
420:
414:
413:
410:
408:
402:
401:
398:China Standard
391:
385:
384:
375:
371:
370:
368:
367:
366:<0.3% other
364:
358:
351:
349:
342:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
325:
321:
320:
316:
315:
312:
308:
307:
304:
300:
299:
295:
294:
289:
288:Municipal seat
285:
284:
279:
273:
272:
267:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
245:37.117; 79.917
218:
217:
207:
201:
200:
193:
192:
186:
185:
184:
183:
174:
168:
167:
160:
159:
153:
152:
151:
150:
141:
135:
134:
127:
126:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:Tuanjie Square
107:
99:
98:
93:
90:
89:
86:
53:
50:
43:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8504:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8449:
8447:
8435:
8430:
8426:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8329:Oxus Treasure
8327:
8325:
8324:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8282:Orlat plaques
8280:
8278:
8275:
8274:
8272:
8268:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8240:
8236:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8174:Dasht-e Nawar
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8006:Monjukli Depe
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7991:Konye-Urgench
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7944:
7940:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7923:Takht-i Kuwad
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7886:
7882:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7682:Koshoy Korgon
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7651:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7520:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7448:Kumtura Caves
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7420:Western China
7417:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7405:Salbyk kurgan
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7395:Arzhan kurgan
7393:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7379:
7376:
7372:
7366:
7365:Serindian art
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7336:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7264:Mongol Empire
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7254:Ghurid Empire
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7179:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7169:Western Turks
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:Kushan Empire
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7104:Guiyi Circuit
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7079:Median Empire
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7059:Tagar culture
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7006:
6999:
6994:
6992:
6987:
6985:
6980:
6979:
6976:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6650:
6644:
6633:
6628:
6626:
6621:
6619:
6614:
6613:
6610:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6529:
6528:
6521:
6520:
6517:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6491:
6488:
6485:
6482:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6470:
6467:
6464:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6418:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6363:Luntai County
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6338:Hejing County
6336:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6321:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6309:Jinghe County
6307:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6286:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6274:Hutubi County
6272:
6270:
6269:Jimsar County
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6225:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6076:Kalpin County
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6010:
6009:Habahe County
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5999:Burqin County
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5984:Qinghe County
5982:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5894:Zhaosu County
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5874:Yining County
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5830:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5786:Toksun County
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5764:
5763:Orku District
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5731:
5730:Ürümqi County
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5670:
5666:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5640:
5635:
5633:
5628:
5626:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5611:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5511:
5506:
5504:
5503:dsr.nii.ac.jp
5500:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5481:
5480:dsr.nii.ac.jp
5477:
5473:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:90-04-05884-2
5431:
5427:
5423:
5421:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5349:
5343:
5336:
5335:0-905746-24-4
5332:
5326:
5319:
5313:
5306:
5305:2-88124-632-X
5302:
5298:
5292:
5283:
5276:
5275:1-932476-12-1
5272:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5252:
5251:1-886439-00-1
5248:
5244:
5239:
5232:
5231:0-486-23123-2
5228:
5224:
5218:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5195:
5194:962-217-741-7
5191:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5170:
5166:
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5158:
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5148:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5127:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5092:
5090:0-295-98390-6
5086:
5082:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5055:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5008:
4992:
4977:
4969:
4962:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4938:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4899:
4883:
4875:
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4824:
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4816:
4808:
4793:
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4780:
4765:
4761:
4753:
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4733:
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4727:
4720:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4606:
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4597:
4590:
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4570:
4564:
4557:
4545:
4541:
4534:
4526:
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4518:
4512:
4505:
4497:
4495:9787532628599
4491:
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4457:
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4447:
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4430:
4423:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4388:962-217-741-7
4385:
4381:
4375:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4350:9781317451372
4346:
4342:
4335:
4333:
4324:
4322:9780520243408
4318:
4314:
4313:
4305:
4298:. p. 80.
4297:
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4276:
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4271:
4263:
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4230:
4226:
4219:
4210:
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4144:
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4132:
4125:
4118:
4110:
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4091:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
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4051:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4032:962-217-741-7
4029:
4025:
4019:
4012:
4011:0-500-05101-1
4008:
4004:
3998:
3991:
3990:7-5031-1718-4
3987:
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3962:
3960:0-88206-053-8
3956:
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3938:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3919:
3911:
3909:9780857288219
3905:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3845:962-217-741-7
3842:
3838:
3832:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3788:
3782:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3757:
3741:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3722:
3701:
3694:
3693:Xinjiang Time
3690:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3581:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3458:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3384:ancient China
3382:jade used in
3381:
3374:Nephrite jade
3371:
3369:
3368:
3358:
3349:
3347:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3231:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3191:Aqchal yëzisi
3188:
3184:ئاقچال يېزىسى
3181:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3124:Jiya Township
3122:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3024:شورباغ يېزىسى
3021:
3018:
3014:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2891:laskuy baziri
2888:
2884:لاسكۇي بازىرى
2881:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2649:Hanyu Pinyin
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:Mean monthly
2495:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2356:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2286:precipitation
2282:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1485:, one of the
1484:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:Saka language
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1325:Tarim mummies
1322:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1291:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1234:romanization
1233:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:, pronounced
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:) is a major
1065:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1041:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1004:
985:
983:
979:
974:
964:
959:
957:
953:
945:
943:
939:
931:
929:
925:
917:
915:
911:
903:
901:
897:
894:
890:
885:
881:
873:
871:
867:
859:
857:
853:
848:
838:
833:
831:
827:
819:
817:
813:
805:
803:
799:
791:
789:
785:
777:
775:
771:
768:
764:
759:
755:
750:
745:
743:
739:
734:
729:
727:
723:
718:
708:
703:
701:
697:
689:
687:
683:
675:
673:
669:
661:
659:
655:
647:
645:
641:
638:
634:
629:
625:
620:
615:
613:
609:
604:
592:
590:
586:
578:
576:
572:
564:
562:
558:
550:
548:
544:
539:
535:
528:
526:
522:
517:
513:
508:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
481:License plate
478:
469:
462:
456:
449:
443:
436:
432:
429:
425:
421:
419:
415:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:
390:
386:
383:
379:
376:
372:
365:
363:
359:
357:
353:
352:
350:
348:
347:Ethnic groups
345: •
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
293:
290:
286:
283:
280:
278:
274:
271:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
221:Coordinates:
219:
190:
175:Hotan (China)
157:
124:
114:
110:
105:
100:
96:
91:
81:
66:
48:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
8429:
8321:
8252:Mount Khajeh
8219:Qala-i-Jangi
8199:Khair Khaneh
8104:Khair Khaneh
8011:Namazga-Tepe
7966:Anau culture
7943:Turkmenistan
7860:Tavka Kurgan
7755:Balalyk Tepe
7672:Burana Tower
7662:Aigyr-Zhal 2
7554:Issyk kurgan
7289:Kart dynasty
7284:Sufi dynasty
7274:Golden Horde
7199:Oghuz Yabgus
7174:Tang dynasty
7139:Hephthalites
7064:Uyuk culture
6946:
6642:
6423:administered
6373:Yanqi County
6353:Qiemo County
6348:Hoxud County
6264:Manas County
6259:Qitai County
6184:Hotan County
6177:
6086:Wushi County
6081:Xinhe County
6061:Xayar County
6004:Fuhai County
5994:Fuyun County
5950:Yumin County
5904:Nilka County
5899:Tekes County
5801:Kumul / Hami
5583:
5528:
5521:
5509:
5498:
5484:
5475:
5468:
5467:Puri, B. N.
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5425:
5397:
5393:
5377:
5373:
5352:. Retrieved
5342:
5325:
5312:
5296:
5291:
5282:
5266:
5258:
5242:
5238:
5222:
5217:
5209:
5201:
5185:
5142:
5136:
5126:
5117:
5108:
5099:
5072:
5062:
5043:
5037:
5029:
5007:
4995:. Retrieved
4968:
4960:
4955:20 September
4953:. Retrieved
4947:
4937:
4925:. Retrieved
4916:
4905:
4893:
4886:. Retrieved
4877:
4866:
4854:
4847:. Retrieved
4831:
4823:the original
4807:
4795:. Retrieved
4779:
4767:. Retrieved
4752:
4742:
4735:. Retrieved
4729:
4719:
4707:. Retrieved
4701:
4691:
4680:Before After
4679:
4672:. Retrieved
4666:
4656:
4648:
4641:. Retrieved
4635:
4625:
4616:
4609:. Retrieved
4602:
4589:
4577:. Retrieved
4572:
4563:
4554:
4547:. Retrieved
4533:
4511:
4499:
4474:
4464:
4456:Google Books
4454:– via
4436:
4429:
4421:
4414:. Retrieved
4410:the original
4405:
4395:
4379:
4374:
4359:
4340:
4311:
4304:
4295:
4289:
4269:
4262:
4254:the original
4244:
4232:. Retrieved
4228:
4218:
4209:
4200:
4188:. Retrieved
4181:the original
4176:
4164:
4153:. Retrieved
4143:
4134:
4130:
4117:
4109:the original
4099:
4090:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4023:
4018:
4002:
3997:
3974:
3969:
3950:
3944:
3925:
3918:
3898:
3891:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3836:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3803:
3791:. Retrieved
3781:
3772:
3763:
3751:
3744:. Retrieved
3700:
3683:
3649:Dandan Oilik
3492:
3481:
3474:
3466:Uyghur women
3463:
3435:
3428:
3377:
3365:
3363:
3342:
3320:
3304:
3282:
3277:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3251:
3240:
3225:Demographics
3203:
3071:Ilchi yëzisi
3064:ئىلچى يېزىسى
3057:Yīlǐqí Xiāng
2996:
2957:Tǔshālā Zhèn
2944:Tusalla Town
2877:Lāsīkuí Zhèn
2856:
2680:Subdistricts
2679:
2636:
2624:subdistricts
2621:
2288:mm (inches)
1866:
1851:Hotan has a
1850:
1795:
1788:
1760:
1756:Hotan County
1745:
1741:Hotan County
1738:
1735:
1722:Sheng Shicai
1690:
1645:Qing dynasty
1642:
1613:Central Asia
1578:
1570:
1551:
1538:
1535:
1523:
1507:
1495:
1471:
1464:
1444:
1441:Tang dynasty
1436:
1407:
1367:
1363:Y chromosome
1319:
1315:Central Asia
1300:
1259:
1235:
1232:Hanyu pinyin
1227:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1203:
1198:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1146:
1144:
1092:
1084:Hotan County
1059:
1055:
1054:
1003:Hotan qalasy
997:Хотан қаласы
991:حوتان قالاسى
900:Hanyu Pinyin
774:Hanyu Pinyin
644:Hanyu Pinyin
606:Chinese name
589:Siril Yëziqi
547:Latin Yëziqi
500:(in Chinese)
454:– Per Capita
340:Demographics
58:خوتەن شەھىرى
41:
8344:Kabul hoard
8277:Sokh snakes
8229:Surkh Kotal
8194:Haji Piyada
8169:Darra-e Kur
8134:Yemshi Tepe
8129:Tillya Tepe
8124:Tepe Fullol
8114:Tepe Narenj
8109:Tapa Sardar
8099:Fondukistan
8064:Tapa Shotor
8044:Tepe Fullol
8036:Afghanistan
7865:Toprak-Kala
7850:Shahrukhiya
7800:Kampir Tepe
7790:Itchan Kala
7745:Ancient Pap
7702:Shakh Fazil
7574:Krasnyi Yar
7478:Mogao Caves
7438:Kizil Caves
7374:Archaeology
7239:Farighunids
7194:Turk Shahis
7134:Alchon Huns
6407:Akto County
6397:Akqi County
6358:Bohu County
6343:Yuli County
6279:Mori County
6239:Changji Hui
6230:prefectures
6071:Awat County
6056:Onsu County
6027:Prefectures
5955:Toli County
5945:Emin County
5814:Yiwu County
5307:. Page 131.
4997:3 September
4986:新疆维吾尔自治区统计局
4927:21 December
4888:20 December
4849:20 December
4484:: 上海辞书出版社.
4050:BMC Biology
3746:20 December
3503:Islam Akhun
3488:Aurel Stein
3447:Justinian I
3445:, reaching
3346:Hotan River
3247:Han Chinese
3151:jiya yëzisi
3144:جىيا يېزىسى
2864:Laskuy Town
1818: /
1713:Tunganistan
1637:British Raj
1592:Qing period
1530:Tarim Basin
1394:Mogao Caves
1149:in ancient
1095:Tarim Basin
1064:§ Etymology
1040:Hotan şaary
1034:Хотан шаары
1028:حوتەن شاارى
1013:Kyrgyz name
976:Kazakh name
561:Yengi Yeziⱪ
519:Uyghur name
406:Postal code
362:Han Chinese
243: /
8446:Categories
8224:Rag-i-Bibi
8049:Ai-Khanoum
7981:Gonur Depe
7976:Dev-Kesken
7913:Kafir-kala
7903:Ajina tepe
7885:Tajikistan
7845:Sarmishsay
7830:Kyzyl-Kala
7810:Khalchayan
7795:Kafir-kala
7775:Fayaz Tepe
7760:Burchmulla
7722:Uzbekistan
7712:Tash Rabat
7687:Manas Ordo
7654:Kyrgyzstan
7541:Kazakhstan
7244:Ghaznavids
7149:Ustrushana
7144:Tocharians
7074:Massagetae
6487:Tiemenguan
6303:Alashankou
6228:Autonomous
5844:Ili Kazakh
5592:"Khotan",
5354:2012-04-06
5277:. Page 47.
4797:10 October
4769:10 October
4549:22 January
4451:9004129529
4155:2012-04-06
4056:(15): 15.
3712:References
3644:Atlas silk
3196:653201205
3156:653201204
3137:Jíyà Xiāng
3116:653201202
3076:653201201
3036:653201200
2976:653201102
2936:653201101
2896:653201100
2849:653201004
2809:653201003
2769:653201002
2729:653201001
2360:(≥ 0.1 mm)
1806:79°56′04″E
1803:37°07′02″N
1752:Lop County
1726:Kuomintang
1617:Sanju Pass
1581:Great Khan
1573:Marco Polo
1410:Indo-Greek
1372:and early
1321:Tocharians
1171:in modern
1062:(see also
948:Yü²-tʻien²
942:Wade–Giles
822:Ho²-tʻien²
816:Wade–Giles
692:Ho²-tʻien²
686:Wade–Giles
319:Population
277:Prefecture
8270:Artifacts
8144:Aq Kupruk
8094:Mes Aynak
8026:Ulug Depe
7961:Altyndepe
7908:Cyropolis
7898:Penjikent
7870:Varakhsha
7805:Kara Tepe
7750:Ayaz-Kala
7740:Akhsikath
7730:Afrasiyab
7677:Issyk-Kul
7667:Balasagun
7513:Beshbalik
7390:Sintashta
7350:Silk Road
7279:Ilkhanate
7234:Ma'munids
7129:Kidarites
6714:2,864,700
5414:161410483
5208:. (1907)
5169:162339064
5145:(1): 75.
4737:11 August
4674:10 August
4643:11 August
4611:11 August
4471:辞海：第六版彩图本
3822:. (1907)
3717:Citations
3439:silkworms
3252:In 1940,
3217:和田市京和物流园区
2997:Townships
2690:(Nurbag)
2632:townships
1853:temperate
1679:Post-Qing
1669:Yettishar
1661:Yaqub Beg
1621:Hindutash
1554:Balasagun
1499:Melikawat
1446:Wanghuitu
1439:) to the
1350:Caucasoid
1303:Silk Road
1141:Etymology
1123:Silk Road
1111:Hindutash
430:(Nominal)
418:Area code
389:Time zone
311:Elevation
8204:Mundigak
8184:Firozkoh
8074:Shotorak
7893:Bunjikat
7785:Hazorasp
7609:Shilikty
7599:Boralday
7523:Mongolia
7458:Dunhuang
7229:Samanids
7159:Farghana
7012:Polities
6842:100,900
6818:109,200
6794:174,700
6770:187,000
6725:204,400
6641:Source:
6481:Shuanghe
6457:Huyanghe
5650:Xinjiang
5562:Archived
5376:(2009).
5018:New York
4991:Archived
4919:和田市人民政府网
4880:和田市人民政府网
4482:Shanghai
4416:30 April
4082:20163704
3793:12 March
3638:See also
3431:Xuanzang
3380:nephrite
3237:in Hotan
3204:Others:
2626:, three
2591:Source:
2544:Percent
2539:2,702.2
2449:Average
2284:Average
1999:(106.0)
1974:(104.4)
1969:(106.0)
1964:(103.6)
1491:Xuanzang
1481:, spoke
1398:Dunhuang
1361:. Their
1283:Kanishka
1199:Gosthana
1181:Xuanzang
1151:Sanskrit
1129:and the
1072:Xinjiang
914:Bopomofo
788:Bopomofo
658:Bopomofo
575:SASM/GNC
467:– Growth
270:Xinjiang
8487:Uyghurs
8149:Asqalan
8084:Bimaran
8079:Paitava
8021:Togolok
7956:Abiward
7840:Poykent
7825:Koktepe
7692:Navekat
7569:Kerderi
7559:Jankent
7508:Kashgar
7483:Tumshuq
7428:Bulayïq
7338:Culture
7154:Khuttal
7114:Xiongnu
6962:78,300
6951:217,900
6938:79,800
6927:245,700
6914:86,200
6903:330,000
6899:Kashgar
6890:96,000
6879:338,200
6875:Shihezi
6866:97,600
6862:Tacheng
6855:361,700
6851:Changji
6831:372,600
6807:452,500
6803:Karamay
6783:460,900
6766:Wujiaqu
6759:489,900
6745:Karamay
6566:Tibetan
6505:Xinxing
6499:Wujiaqu
6475:Shihezi
6463:Kokdala
6445:Baiyang
6247:Changji
5927:Tacheng
5919:Tacheng
5740:Karamay
5669:capital
5366:Sources
5318:Kashmir
5161:2051832
4787:中国气象数据网
4234:5 April
4190:5 April
4170:"Error"
4073:2838831
3981:中国地图出版社
3883:2049929
3739:和田市历史沿革
3659:Khatana
3632:, 1983)
3524:Gallery
3453:in 551.
3388:Xiongnu
3352:Economy
3281:(IATA:
2630:, five
2618:, 1971)
2353:(1.91)
2348:(0.06)
2343:(0.04)
2338:(0.05)
2333:(0.18)
2328:(0.24)
2323:(0.24)
2318:(0.41)
2313:(0.29)
2308:(0.13)
2303:(0.12)
2298:(0.08)
2293:(0.07)
2279:(−5.8)
2274:(−2.7)
2264:(28.2)
2259:(39.7)
2254:(50.4)
2249:(54.0)
2244:(49.1)
2239:(39.7)
2234:(31.6)
2229:(19.4)
2224:(−2.7)
2219:(−5.8)
2209:(47.1)
2204:(21.7)
2199:(33.4)
2194:(46.4)
2189:(59.9)
2184:(68.0)
2179:(69.8)
2174:(66.7)
2169:(60.4)
2164:(53.2)
2159:(41.2)
2154:(27.0)
2149:(17.8)
2139:(56.5)
2134:(28.9)
2129:(42.3)
2124:(57.2)
2119:(69.8)
2114:(77.4)
2109:(79.5)
2104:(76.6)
2099:(70.9)
2094:(63.7)
2089:(51.1)
2084:(35.4)
2079:(25.2)
2069:(67.6)
2064:(38.1)
2059:(53.8)
2054:(69.8)
2049:(81.7)
2044:(88.9)
2039:(91.2)
2034:(88.2)
2029:(82.6)
2024:(75.4)
2019:(62.1)
2014:(45.1)
2009:(34.2)
1994:(64.9)
1989:(76.5)
1984:(86.0)
1979:(96.6)
1959:(99.7)
1954:(94.3)
1949:(87.1)
1944:(71.6)
1939:(68.9)
1771:Kashgar
1665:Kashgar
1611:Map of
1585:Mahomet
1566:Mongols
1526:Kashgar
1479:Yarkant
1475:Kashgar
1268:History
1214:Hvatana
1195:Tibetan
1185:Kustana
1119:Uyghurs
808:Hertyan
678:Hertyan
612:Chinese
532:
491:Website
459:$ 3,076
457:¥20,399
441:– Total
327:501,028
256:Country
231:79°55′E
228:37°07′N
80:Chinese
8214:Nagara
7986:Jeitun
7918:Sarazm
7604:Sawran
7549:Begash
7503:Khotan
7498:Loulan
7109:Yuezhi
6958:Artush
6934:Beitun
6910:Turpan
6827:Yining
6814:Fukang
6790:Kuytun
6710:Ürümqi
6692:Ürümqi
6596:Others
6591:Zhuang
6576:Uyghur
6561:Mongol
6551:Manchu
6546:Korean
6493:Tumxuk
6451:Beitun
6391:Artush
6253:Fukang
5939:Shawan
5868:Kuytun
5862:Korgas
5856:Yining
5773:Turpan
5687:Ürümqi
5665:Ürümqi
5653:Uyghur
5508:1904
5483:1907.
5432:
5412:
5384:
5374:et al.
5333:
5303:
5273:
5249:
5229:
5192:
5167:
5159:
5087:
5050:
4912:奴尔巴格街道
4845:. 2018
4492:
4448:
4386:
4347:
4319:
4277:
4080:
4070:
4030:
4009:
3988:
3984:1997;
3957:
3933:
3906:
3881:
3843:
3604:lobby.
3392:Yuezhi
3287:Ürümqi
3243:Uyghur
3235:mosque
3211:北京工业园区
2823:纳尔巴格街道
2783:古勒巴格街道
2743:古江巴格街道
2702:奴尔巴格街道
2695:努尔巴格街道
2674:Notes
2653:Uyghur
2536:183.2
2533:222.4
2530:267.3
2527:240.4
2524:231.0
2521:246.0
2518:263.2
2515:263.8
2512:225.0
2509:208.5
2506:176.0
2503:175.4
2269:(9.9)
1890:Month
1864:Köppen
1855:zone,
1703:, and
1633:Ladakh
1466:万国来朝图
1437:Yutian
1342:cotton
1258::
1256:pinyin
1250::
1242::
1236:Hetian
1230:. The
1190:गौस्तन
1177:Khotan
1169:Yutian
1161:Gudana
1147:Godana
1099:Ürümqi
1060:Khotan
1019:Kyrgyz
982:Kazakh
934:Yutyan
906:Yútián
780:Hétián
650:Hétián
525:Uyghur
483:prefix
465:
452:
439:
411:839000
378:Uyghur
356:Uyghur
354:90.3%
76:
65:Uyghur
61:
35:, and
18:Khotan
8452:Hotan
8059:Hadda
7815:Khiva
7707:Suyab
7697:Özgön
7634:Urpek
7619:Sumbe
7584:Otrar
7473:Rawak
7463:Miran
7433:Kucha
6947:Hotan
6755:Korla
6702:Korla
6670:Rank
6667:Pop.
6659:Rank
6571:Tujia
6469:Kunyu
6332:Korla
6178:Hotan
5978:Altay
5970:Altay
5410:S2CID
5165:S2CID
5157:JSTOR
5077:(PDF)
4873:和田市概况
4709:5 May
4599:(PDF)
4579:7 May
4476:Cihai
4473:[
4250:"賢愚經"
4184:(PDF)
4173:(PDF)
4127:(PDF)
3879:JSTOR
3689:UTC+6
3675:Notes
3484:kilim
3476:Atlas
3339:Buses
3170:阿克恰勒乡
3090:古江巴格乡
3010:肖尔巴格乡
2910:玉龙喀什镇
2857:Towns
2643:Name
2628:towns
2616:USATC
2444:12.6
2400:21.6
2277:−21.0
2272:−19.3
2267:−12.3
2222:−19.3
2217:−21.0
1929:Year
1601:Amban
1571:When
1518:Islam
1443:, in
1396:near
1382:monks
1311:Tibet
1307:India
1221:Ilchi
1107:Sanju
1074:, an
1068:oasis
1056:Hotan
595:Хотән
581:Hotan
567:Hotən
553:Xoten
530:خوتەن
510:Hotan
394:UTC+8
360:9.4%
282:Hotan
259:China
202:Hotan
169:Hotan
136:Hotan
51:Hotan
8239:Iran
8016:Nisa
8001:Merv
7971:Anau
7468:Niya
7049:Saka
6923:Hami
6886:Aral
6838:Wusu
6779:Aksu
6735:Aksu
6721:Bole
6678:Pop.
6674:Name
6663:Name
6556:Miao
6536:Dong
6507:city
6501:city
6495:city
6489:city
6483:city
6477:city
6471:city
6465:city
6459:city
6453:city
6447:city
6441:city
6439:Aral
6421:XPCC
6393:city
6334:city
6305:city
6299:city
6297:Bole
6255:city
6249:city
6180:city
6106:city
6052:city
6050:Kuqa
6046:city
6044:Aksu
6036:Aksu
5980:city
5941:city
5935:city
5929:city
5870:city
5864:city
5858:city
5430:ISBN
5382:ISBN
5331:ISBN
5301:ISBN
5271:ISBN
5247:ISBN
5227:ISBN
5190:ISBN
5085:ISBN
5048:ISBN
4999:2017
4957:2020
4929:2019
4890:2019
4851:2019
4799:2023
4771:2023
4739:2020
4711:2020
4676:2020
4645:2020
4613:2020
4581:2020
4551:2020
4490:ISBN
4446:ISBN
4418:2020
4384:ISBN
4345:ISBN
4317:ISBN
4275:ISBN
4236:2018
4192:2018
4078:PMID
4028:ISBN
4007:ISBN
3986:ISBN
3955:ISBN
3931:ISBN
3904:ISBN
3841:ISBN
3795:2021
3748:2019
3443:Iran
3423:Silk
3400:jade
3317:Rail
3293:Road
3050:伊里其乡
2988:吐沙拉乡
2950:吐沙拉镇
2870:拉斯奎镇
2453:(%)
2441:3.8
2438:0.6
2414:0.6
2411:2.6
2408:5.0
2397:1.8
2394:0.5
2391:0.3
2388:1.2
2385:2.2
2382:3.2
2379:3.7
2376:2.4
2373:1.4
2370:0.9
2367:1.4
2364:2.6
2351:48.6
2316:10.4
2262:−2.1
2252:10.2
2247:12.2
2232:−0.2
2227:−7.0
2202:−5.7
2187:15.5
2182:20.0
2177:21.0
2172:19.3
2167:15.8
2162:11.8
2152:−2.8
2147:−7.9
2137:13.6
2132:−1.7
2122:14.0
2117:21.0
2112:25.2
2107:26.4
2102:24.8
2097:21.6
2092:17.6
2087:10.6
2077:−3.8
2067:19.8
2057:12.1
2052:21.0
2047:27.6
2042:31.6
2037:32.9
2032:31.2
2027:28.1
2022:24.1
2017:16.7
1997:41.1
1992:18.3
1987:24.7
1982:30.0
1977:35.9
1972:40.2
1967:41.1
1962:39.8
1957:37.6
1952:34.6
1947:30.6
1942:22.0
1937:20.5
1926:Dec
1923:Nov
1920:Oct
1917:Sep
1914:Aug
1911:Jul
1908:Jun
1905:May
1902:Apr
1899:Mar
1896:Feb
1893:Jan
1857:cold
1748:Jiya
1643:The
1483:Saka
1477:and
1374:Tang
1340:and
1338:silk
1334:wool
1330:felt
1309:and
1261:Tián
475:7.1%
433:2018
422:0903
298:Area
6581:Yao
6541:Hui
5933:Usu
5648:of
5402:doi
5147:doi
4637:CNN
4135:230
4068:PMC
4058:doi
3871:doi
3630:DMA
3449:'s
3332:拉斯奎
3283:HTN
3274:Air
3130:吉亚乡
2664:ULY
2657:UEY
2586:62
2583:62
2580:74
2577:79
2574:66
2571:56
2568:56
2565:60
2562:60
2559:57
2556:55
2553:57
2550:57
2492:40
2489:53
2486:41
2483:37
2480:41
2477:42
2474:40
2471:36
2468:33
2465:27
2462:29
2459:42
2456:53
2346:1.5
2341:1.1
2336:1.2
2331:4.5
2326:6.0
2321:6.1
2311:7.3
2306:3.4
2301:3.1
2296:2.1
2291:1.9
2257:4.3
2242:9.5
2237:4.3
2207:8.4
2197:0.8
2192:8.0
2157:5.1
2127:5.7
2082:1.9
2062:3.4
2012:7.3
2007:1.2
1867:BWk
1769:to
1663:of
1629:Leh
1627:to
1452:王會圖
1433:于闐國
1370:Han
1313:to
1264:).
1163:in
1078:in
1058:or
956:IPA
830:IPA
700:IPA
428:GDP
73:和田市
8448::
6954:20
6943:10
6930:19
6906:18
6882:17
6858:16
6834:15
6810:14
6786:13
6762:12
6717:11
6586:Yi
5582:.
5408:.
5398:31
5396:.
5265:.
5177:^
5163:.
5155:.
5143:26
5141:.
5135:.
5107:.
5079:.
5028:.
5020::
5016:.
4959:.
4946:.
4915:.
4892:.
4876:.
4853:.
4817:.
4741:.
4728:.
4700:.
4678:.
4665:.
4647:.
4634:.
4615:.
4601:.
4571:.
4553:.
4519:.
4498:.
4444:.
4442:16
4420:.
4404:.
4331:^
4227:.
4175:.
4133:.
4129:.
4076:.
4066:.
4052:.
4048:.
3877:.
3867:22
3865:.
3861:.
3771:.
3750:.
3725:^
3367:mu
3233:A
2991:)
2985:,
2705:)
2666:)
2659:)
2435:0
2432:0
2429:0
2426:0
2423:0
2420:0
2417:0
1728:.
1711:.
1699:,
1631:,
1619:,
1568:.
1520::
1505:.
1400:.
1336:,
1332:,
1254:;
1246:;
1223:.
1216:.
1156:于窴
1109:,
1090:.
876:于窴
862:于窴
749:和闐
733:和阗
619:和田
486:新R
380:,
31:,
7180:)
7176:(
6997:e
6990:t
6983:v
6919:9
6895:8
6871:7
6847:6
6823:5
6799:4
6775:3
6751:2
6706:1
6631:e
6624:t
6617:v
5671:)
5667:(
5638:e
5631:t
5624:v
5436:.
5416:.
5404::
5388:.
5357:.
5337:.
5253:.
5233:.
5196:.
5171:.
5149::
5111:.
5093:.
5056:.
5001:.
4931:.
4801:.
4773:.
4713:.
4583:.
4527:.
4458:.
4390:.
4368:.
4353:.
4325:.
4283:.
4238:.
4194:.
4158:.
4137:.
4084:.
4060::
4054:8
4034:.
4013:.
3963:.
3912:.
3885:.
3873::
3847:.
3797:.
3775:.
3691:(
3220:)
2699:(
2655:(
2614:(
1862:(
1449:(
1252:闐
1244:阗
1187:(
1167:(
400:)
396:(
82:)
78:(
67:)
63:(
39:.
20:)
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